TW201514156A - 用於電子裝置之材料 - Google Patents
用於電子裝置之材料 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201514156A TW201514156A TW103122508A TW103122508A TW201514156A TW 201514156 A TW201514156 A TW 201514156A TW 103122508 A TW103122508 A TW 103122508A TW 103122508 A TW103122508 A TW 103122508A TW 201514156 A TW201514156 A TW 201514156A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 107
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- -1 heteroaliphatic Chemical group 0.000 claims description 48
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 11
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
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- SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triphenylene Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XMGMFRIEKMMMSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethylbenzene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1[C]C1=CC=CC=C1 XMGMFRIEKMMMSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002676 chrysenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=C4C=CC=CC4=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004988 dibenzothienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2SC3=C(C21)C=CC=C3)* 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000003914 fluoranthenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C1=C23)* 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000003960 triphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 claims description 2
- JJHHIJFTHRNPIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diphenyl sulfoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JJHHIJFTHRNPIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000001769 aryl amino group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
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- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 7
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 6
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000006069 Suzuki reaction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000005264 aryl amine group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000319 biphenyl-4-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- IPWKHHSGDUIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(pinacolato)diboron Chemical compound O1C(C)(C)C(C)(C)OB1B1OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O1 IPWKHHSGDUIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001162 cycloheptenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
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- HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound [CH]1CCCC[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005069 octynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C#C* 0.000 description 1
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- HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cymene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentacene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C=C3C=C21 SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
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- DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenetole Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYXYWTXQFUUWLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;butan-1-olate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCC[O-] SYXYWTXQFUUWLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N tert-butyl-[(1r,3s,5z)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-(2-diphenylphosphorylethylidene)-4-methylidenecyclohexyl]oxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=C)\C1=C/CP(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004001 thioalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1C COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSZXPGFNGPBEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium butan-1-olate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] PSZXPGFNGPBEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGPLLMPPZRUGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N truxene Chemical compound C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C2=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C2)=C1C1=C3CC2=CC=CC=C21 YGPLLMPPZRUGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002061 vacuum sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 1
- ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N veratrole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OC ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D251/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings
- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
- H10K85/636—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising heteroaromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D251/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings
- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom
- C07D251/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom to three ring carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本發明關於式(I)化合物,其中缺電子基團與芳基胺基係經由中間基團彼此連接。式(I)化合物適合作為電子裝置中的功能性材料。
Description
本發明關於式(I)化合物,其中缺電子基團與芳基胺基係經由中間基團彼此連接。式(I)化合物適合作為電子裝置中的功能性材料。
在本申請案的意義中,電子裝置特別意指包含有機半導體材料作為功能性材料之所謂的有機電子裝置。再者,該等裝置特別意指在下文於本發明的詳細說明中所述及之有機電致發光裝置(OLED)及其他電子裝置。
術語OLED通常意指包含至少一種有機材料且在施加電壓時發光的電子裝置。OLED的精確結構尤其說明於US 4539507、US 5151629、EP 0676461和WO 98/27136中。
在電子裝置的例子中,特別為OLED,對改進性能數據有很大的興趣,特別為壽命、效率及操作電壓。有機發光層(特別為其中存在的基質材料)及具有電子傳輸功能的有機層扮演重要的角色。
為了達成此技術目的,持續尋求適合用作為發光層中的基質材料之新穎材料,特別用於磷光發光層中。此外,尋求在對應之功能層中使用的具有電子傳輸性質之材料。
在本申請案的意義中,磷光發光層為包含至少一種磷光發光化合物的有機層。
依照本發明,術語磷光發光體包含其中發光係經由自旋禁止躍遷(spin-forbidden transition)而發生的化合物,例如自激發三重態或具有相對高的自旋量子數之狀態(諸如五重態)躍遷。
發光層之基質材料意指不為發光化合物之材料。
發光層的發光化合物為在操作裝置時發光之化合物。
特別在除了發光層以外的功能層之例子中,在包含兩種材料之系統中的基質材料通常意指其於混合物中的比例較大的材料。在包含兩種材料之系統中的摻雜劑相應地意指其於混合物中的比例較小的材料。
先前技術揭示含有三基團及芳基胺基之化合物於OLED中的用途,其中特定的連接基團(例如,伸聯苯基)係存在於兩個基團之間(參考JP 2002-193952、JP 2010-134121和Q.Wang等人之J.Mat.Chem.C,2013,1,2224-2232)。該化合物的特徵在於僅小的芳族環系統(諸如苯基)與氮原子鍵結。
儘管有這些發明,但是對適合作為電子裝置中的功能性材料之替代化合物仍有需求。特別對作為在電子裝置中實現裝置的長壽命及高功率效率的功能性材料之化合物有
需求,特別在用作為磷光發光層中的基質材料時。此外,對在電子裝置中使用時實現低操作電壓之材料有需求。此外,再對實現低衰減(roll-off)之材料有需求,亦即裝置在高發光密度下的功率效率僅小幅下降。
現今意外地發現其中胺基經至少一個大的芳族或雜芳族環系統取代之含有三基團及芳基胺基與連接該等基團的基團之化合物達成上述技術目的中之一或多者,較佳為達成所有的上述技術目的。
本發明因此關於式(I)化合物
其中:Ar1 於每次出現係相同或不同地為具有5至24個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其可經一或多個R2基取代;Ar2 於每次出現係相同或不同地為具有5至24個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其可經一或多個R2基取代,其中式(I)化合物中的至少一個Ar2基團代表Ar2*基團;Ar2*於每次出現係相同或不同地為具有12至24個芳族環
原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其可經一或多個R2基取代,其中芳族環系統不含有具有超過10個芳族環原子的縮合芳基或雜芳基;R1,R2 於每次出現係相同或不同地為H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、C(=O)R3、CN、Si(R3)3、N(R3)2、P(=O)(R3)2、OR3、S(=O)R3、S(=O)2R3,具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基,或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基,或具有2至20個C原子之烯基或炔基,其中上述基團可各自經一或多個R3基取代,及其中在上述基團中的一或多個CH2基團可經-R3C=CR3-、-C≡C-、Si(R3)2、C=O、C=NR3、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR3-、NR3、P(=O)(R3)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2替換,或具有5至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況中可經一或多個R3基取代,其中二或多個R2基可彼此連結且可形成環;R3 於每次出現係相同或不同地為H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、C(=O)R4、CN、Si(R4)3、N(R3)2、P(=O)(R4)2、OR4、S(=O)R4、S(=O)2R4,具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基,或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基,或具有2至20個C原子之烯基或炔基,其中上述基團可各自經一或多個R4基取代,及其中在上述基團中的一或多個CH2基團可經-R4C=CR4-、-C≡C-、Si(R4)2、C=O、C=NR4、
-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR4-、NR4、P(=O)(R4)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2替換,或具有5至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況中可經一或多個R4基取代,其中二或多個R3基可彼此連結且可形成環;R4 於每次出現係相同或不同地為H、D、F或具有1至20個C原子之脂族、雜脂族、芳族或雜芳族有機基,此外,其中一或多個H原子可以D或F替換;二或多個取代基R4可彼此連結且可形成環;n 等於1、2、3或4;其中當n=1時,Ar1基團不為隨意地經R2取代之伸苯基或隨意地經R2取代之咔唑;及其中Ar1不為隨意地經R2取代之經由位置9和9’鍵結之茀。
茀的位置9和9’意指以下標記之鍵結位置:
在本發明的意義中,芳基含有6至60個芳族環原子;在本發明的意義中,雜芳基含有5至60個芳族環原子,該等中之至少一者為雜原子。雜原子較佳地選自N、O及S。此代表基本的定義。若在本發明的說明中指出其他的優先選擇,例如關於芳族環原子或雜原子存在的數量,則該等亦適用。
芳基或雜芳基在此處意指單純的芳族環(亦即苯),或單純的雜芳族環(例如,吡啶、嘧啶或噻吩),或縮合(稠合(annellated))的芳族或雜芳族多環(例如,萘、菲、喹啉或咔唑)。在本發明的意義中,縮合(稠合)芳族或雜芳族多環係由二或多個彼此縮合之單純的芳族或雜芳族環所組成,且亦相應地稱為縮合芳基或縮合雜芳基。
可在各情況中經上述基取代及可經由任何所欲位置與芳族或雜芳族環系統連結之芳基或雜芳基特別意指自下列者所衍生之基團:苯、萘、蒽、菲、芘、二氫芘、(chrysene)、苝、聯伸三苯、螢蒽(fluoranthene)、苯並蒽、苯並菲、稠四苯、稠五苯、苯並芘、呋喃、苯並呋喃、異苯並呋喃、二苯並呋喃、噻吩、苯並噻吩、異苯並噻吩、二苯並噻吩、吡咯、吲哚、異吲哚、咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、異喹啉、吖啶、啡啶、苯並-5,6-喹啉、苯並-6,7-喹啉、苯並-7,8-喹啉、啡噻、啡、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯並咪唑、萘並咪唑、啡並咪唑(phenanthrimidazole)、吡啶並咪唑(pyridimidazole)、吡並咪唑(pyrazinimidazole)、喹啉並咪唑(quinoxalinimidazole)、唑、苯並唑、萘並唑(naphthoxazole)、蒽並唑(anthroxazole)、啡並唑(phenanthroxazole)、異唑、1,2-噻唑、1,3-噻唑、苯並噻唑、嗒、苯並嗒、嘧啶、苯並嘧啶、喹啉、吡、啡、萘啶、氮雜咔唑、苯並咔啉、啡啉、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,4-三唑、苯並三
唑、1,2,3-二唑、1,2,4-二唑、1,2,5-二唑、1,3,4-二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,5-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、1,3,5-三、1,2,4-三、1,2,3-三、四唑、1,2,4,5-四、1,2,3,4-四、1,2,3,5-四、嘌呤、喋啶、吲和苯並噻二唑。
在本發明的意義中,芳族環系統含有6至60個C原子於環系統中。在本發明的意義中,雜芳族環系統含有5至60個芳族環原子,該等中之至少一者為雜原子。雜原子較佳地選自N、O及/或S。在本發明的意義中,芳族或雜芳族環系統意欲取其意指未必只含有芳基或雜芳基之系統,反而其中複數個芳基或雜芳基另外可以單鍵或非-芳族單元連接,諸如一或多個隨意地經取代之C、Si、N、O或S原子。非-芳族單元在此處較佳地含有以系統中之非H的原子總數為基準計而少於10%之非H的原子。因此,例如諸如9,9’-螺雙茀、9,9’-二芳基茀、三芳基胺、二芳基醚和二苯乙烯之系統亦意欲取其為本發明的意義中之芳族環系統,同樣意欲為其中二或多個芳基例如以直鏈或環狀烷基、烯基或炔基,或以矽基連接之系統。此外,其中二或多個芳基或雜芳基係經由單鍵彼此連結之系統亦取其為本發明的意義中之芳族或雜芳族環系統,諸如聯苯、聯三苯或二苯基三之系統。
可在各情況中亦經如上文定義之基取代及可經由任何所欲位置與芳族或雜芳族基團連結之具有5-60個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統特別意指自上文以芳基及雜芳
基所述及之基團所衍生之基團,以及自聯苯、聯三苯、聯四苯、茀、螺雙茀、二氫菲、二氫芘、四氫芘、茚並茀、三聚茚(truxene)、異三聚茚、螺三聚茚、螺異三聚茚、茚並咔唑或該等基團之組合所衍生之基團。
就本發明的目的而言,具有1至40個C原子之直鏈烷基,或具有3至40個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基,或具有2至40個C原子之烯基或炔基(其中個別的H原子或CH2基團另外可經上文以基團的定義所述及之基團取代)較佳地意指甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、2-甲基丁基、正戊基、第二戊基、環戊基、新戊基、正己基、環己基、新己基、正庚基、環庚基、正辛基、環辛基、2-乙基己基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、環戊烯基、己烯基、環己烯基、庚烯基、環庚烯基、辛烯基、環辛烯基、乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基或辛炔基。具有1至40個C原子之烷氧基或硫烷基較佳地意指甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、異丁氧基、第二丁氧基、第三丁氧基、正戊氧基、第二戊氧基、2-甲基丁氧基、正己氧基、環己氧基、正庚氧基、環庚氧基、正辛氧基、環辛氧基、2-乙基己氧基、五氟乙氧基、2,2,2-三氟乙氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、正丙硫基、異丙硫基、正丁硫基、異丁硫基、第二丁硫基、第三丁硫基、正戊硫基、第二戊硫基、正己硫基、環己硫基、正庚硫基、環庚硫基、正辛硫基、
環辛硫基、2-乙基己硫基、三氟甲硫基、五氟乙硫基、2,2,2-三氟乙硫基、乙烯硫基、丙烯硫基、丁烯硫基、戊烯硫基、環戊烯硫基、己烯硫基、環己烯硫基、庚烯硫基、環庚烯硫基、辛烯硫基、環辛烯硫基、乙炔硫基、丙炔硫基、丁炔硫基、戊炔硫基、己炔硫基、庚炔硫基或辛炔硫基。
就本發明的目的而言,二或多個基可彼此形成環的調合物尤其意指兩個基係以化學鍵彼此連結。此外,然而上述調合物亦意指在兩個基中之一代表氫的例子中,第二個基係鍵結在氫原子鍵結之位置上,形成環。
式(I)化合物較佳地明確含有一個胺基。
式(I)化合物較佳地明確含有一個三基團。
式(I)化合物較佳地不含有具有超過14個芳族環原子之縮合芳基,特別佳地不含有具有超過10個芳族環原子之縮合芳基。
式(I)化合物較佳地不含有具有超過14個芳族環原子之縮合雜芳基,特別佳地不含有具有超過10個芳族環原子之縮合雜芳基。
較佳的是指數n等於1、2或3,特別佳地等於1或2,最特別佳地等於1。
此外,較佳的是Ar1於每次出現係相同或不同地為具有5至20個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其可經一或多個R2基取代。Ar1特別佳地於每次出現係相同或不同地選自苯基、聯苯基、聯三苯基、茀基、螺雙茀基、茚
並茀基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、基(chrysenyl)、苯並蒽基、芘基、螢蒽基(fluoranthenyl)、聯三伸苯基(triphenylenyl)、呋喃基、苯並呋喃基、二苯並呋喃基、噻吩基、苯並噻吩基、二苯並噻吩基、吲哚基、咔唑基、吲哚並咔唑基、茚並咔唑基、吡啶基、喹啉基、吖啶基、二氫吖啶基、吡唑基、咪唑基、苯並咪唑基、嗒基、嘧啶基、吡基、啡啉基、二苯醚、二苯基硫醚、二苯基亞矽烷基和二苯基亞甲基,各者隨意地經一或多個R2基取代。
單元-(Ar1)n-最特別佳地選自茀基、螺雙茀基、茚並茀基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、基、苯並蒽基、芘基、螢蒽基、呋喃基、苯並呋喃基、二苯並呋喃基、噻吩基、苯並噻吩基、二苯並噻吩基、吲哚基、吲哚並咔唑基、茚並咔唑基、吡啶基、喹啉基、吖啶基、二氫吖啶基、吡唑基、咪唑基、苯並咪唑基、嗒基、嘧啶基、吡基和啡啉基、二苯醚、二苯基硫醚、二苯基亞矽烷基、二苯基亞甲基,各者隨意地經一或多個R2基取代,及選自含有上述基團中之一或多者與一或多個選自苯基和咔唑基之另外基團的組合,各者隨意地經一或多個R2基取代。
單元-(Ar1)n-較佳地代表完全共軛之不飽和二價基團。此意指該單元較佳地不含有共軛中斷基團,諸如伸烷基,其中斷自二價單元-(Ar1)n-的一端向另一端延伸之共軛系統。單元-(Ar1)n-較佳地含有從單元的一端至另一端之連續共軛pi-電子系統,使得三基團及胺基以共軛方
式彼此連接。
特別佳的單元-(Ar1)n-符合下式(L-1)至(L-368),其中基團Ar1相應成排地鍵結且符合式(Ar1-1)至(Ar1-17),如下文所示:
兩個Ar2基團較佳地選自相同或不同的Ar2*基團。
Ar2較佳地於每次出現係相同或不同地選自具有5至20個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其可經一或多個R2基取代。Ar2特別佳地於每次出現係相同或不同地選自苯基、聯苯基、聯三苯基、聯四苯基、茀基、螺雙茀基、茚並茀基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、基、苯並蒽基、芘基、聯三伸苯基、螢蒽基、呋喃基、苯並呋喃基、二苯並呋喃基、噻吩基、苯並噻吩基、二苯並噻吩基、吲哚基、咔唑基、吲哚並咔唑基、茚並咔唑基、吡啶基、喹啉基、吖啶基、二氫吖啶基、吡唑基、咪唑基、苯並咪唑基、嗒基、嘧啶基、吡基和啡啉基,各者隨意地經一或多個R2基取代。
Ar2較佳地於每次出現係相同或不同地選自下式(Ar2-1)至(Ar2-42)之基團:
Ar2*較佳地選自式(Ar2-1)至(Ar2-9)、(Ar2-11)至(Ar2-18)及(Ar2-31)至(Ar2-42)之基團。
R1較佳地於每次出現係相同或不同地選自CN、具有1至10個C原子之烷基或具有2至10個C原子之烯基,其中上述基團可經一或多個R3基取代,或具有5至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其可經一或多個R3基取代。
R2較佳地於每次出現係相同或不同地選自H、D、F、CN、Si(R3)3,具有1至10個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基,或具有3至10個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基,其中上述基團可各自經一或多個R3基取代,及其中在上述基團中的一或多個CH2基團可經-C≡C-、-R3C=CR3-、Si(R3)2、C=O、C=NR3、-NR3-、-O-、-S-、-C(=O)O-或-C(=O)NR3-替換,或具有5至20個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況中可經一或多個R3基取代,其中二或多個R2基可彼此連結且可形成環。
R2特別佳地於每次出現係相同或不同地選自H、D、F、CN、Si(R3)3,具有1至10個C原子之直鏈烷基,或具有3至10個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基,上述基團之各者可經一或多個R3基取代,或具有5至20個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況中可經一或多個R3
基取代。
R3較佳地於每次出現係相同或不同地選自H、D、F、CN、Si(R4)3,具有1至10個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基,或具有3至10個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基,其中上述基團可各自經一或多個R4基取代,及其中在上述基團中的一或多個CH2基團可經-C≡C-、-R4C=CR4-、Si(R4)2、C=O、C=NR4、-NR4-、-O-、-S-、-C(=O)O-或-C(=O)NR4-替換,或具有5至20個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況中可經一或多個R4基取代,其中二或多個R3基可彼此連結且可形成環。
R3特別佳地於每次出現係相同或不同地選自H、D、F、CN、Si(R4)3,具有1至10個C原子之直鏈烷基,或具有3至10個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基,上述基團之各者可經一或多個R4基取代,或具有5至20個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況中可經一或多個R4基取代。
關於式(I)化合物,較佳的是基團之較佳的實施態樣彼此組合出現。尤其佳的是式(I)中的Ar1基團及Ar2基團之較佳的實施態樣彼此組合出現。
以下的化合物為式(I)化合物的實例。
式(I)化合物可利用已知的有機化合反應而獲得,例如鈴木(Suzuki)偶合反應、布吉沃德(Buchwald)偶合反應、烏曼(Ullmann)偶合反應、溴化反應和硼化反應。
製備式(I)化合物之較佳方法描述於下(流程1)。其僅以廣義概述。以此方法為基準的製備式(I)化合物之詳細的合成程序顯示於操作實施例中。
為此目的,將二芳基胺基衍生物先與芳基-鹵素衍生物以有機金屬偶合反應(例如,布吉沃德或烏曼偶合)進行反應。接著進行硼化反應。接著將所獲得的硼酸衍生物與三衍生物以有機金屬偶合反應(較佳為鈴木偶合)進行反應。此處所獲得的化合物可隨意地進一步反應,例如以官能化反應。
根據替代方法(流程2),三-伸芳基衍生物係以經鹵素取代之三及芳基硼酸開始的縮合反應或鈴木偶合反應而製得。在另一步驟中,接著以布吉沃德偶合反應引入芳基胺基。
所顯示之方法代表例證用方法,在許多例子中特別適合於製備式(I)化合物。熟習本技術領域者能夠使用形式不變的上述方法,或能夠在其一般的專業知識範圍內改編上述方法,或假設在特殊情況的環境需要更適合的方法時,則以其取代上述方法。
本發明因此關於一種製備式(I)化合物之方法,其特徵在於使用至少一種有機金屬偶合反應,較佳為至少一種布吉沃德偶合反應。
根據本發明的上述化合物可用作為製造對應之寡聚物、樹枝狀聚合物或聚合物之單體,特別為經反應性脫離
基(諸如溴、碘、氯、硼酸或硼酸酯)取代之化合物。適合的反應性脫離基為例如溴、碘、氯、硼酸、硼酸酯、胺、具有末端C-C雙鍵或C-C參鍵之烯基或炔基、環氧乙烷、環氧丁烷、進行環加成反應之基團(例如,1,3-二極性環加成反應,諸如二烯或疊氮化物)、羧酸衍生物、醇和矽烷。
此外,本發明因此關於含有一或多個式(I)化合物之寡聚物、聚合物或樹枝狀聚合物,其中與聚合物、寡聚物或樹枝狀聚合物鍵結之鍵可位於經R1或R2取代之式(I)的任何所欲位置上。取決於式(I)化合物之連結,化合物為寡聚物或聚合物之側鏈的成分或主鏈的成分。在本發明的意義中,寡聚物意指由至少三個單體單元建構之化合物。在本發明的意義中,聚合物意指由至少十個單體單元建構之化合物。根據本發明的聚合物、寡聚物或樹枝狀聚合物可為共軛型、部分共軛型或非共軛型。根據本發明的寡聚物或聚合物可為線性、分支或樹枝狀。在以線性方式連結之結構中,式(I)之單元可彼此直接連結或該等可經由二價基團(例如,經由經取代或未經取代之伸烷基、經由雜原子或經由二價芳族或雜芳族基團)彼此連結。在分支及樹枝狀結構中,例如三或多個式(I)之單元可經由三價或多價基團(例如,經由三價或多價芳族或雜芳族基團)連結,以形成分支或樹枝狀寡聚物或聚合物。
與上述式(I)化合物相同的優先選擇適用於寡聚
物、樹枝狀聚合物和聚合物中的式(I)之循環單元。
將用於製備寡聚物或聚合物之根據本發明的單體與更多單體均聚合或共聚合。適合且較佳的共單體係選自茀(例如,依照EP 842208或WO 2000/22026)、螺雙茀(例如,依照EP 707020、EP 894107或WO 2006/061181)、對-苯撐(例如,依照WO 1992/18552)、咔唑(例如,依照WO 2004/070772或WO 2004/113468)、噻吩(例如,依照EP 1028136)、二氫菲(例如,依照WO 2005/014689或WO 2007/006383)、順-和反-茚並茀(例如,依照WO 2004/041901或WO 2004/113412)、酮(例如,依照WO 2005/040302)、菲(例如,依照WO 2005/104264或WO 2007/017066)或亦為複數個該等單元。聚合物、寡聚物和樹枝狀聚合物通常亦含有更多單元,例如發光(螢光或磷光)單元,諸如乙烯基三芳基胺(例如,依照WO 2007/068325)或磷光金屬錯合物(例如,依照WO 2006/003000),及/或電荷傳輸單元,特別為那些建基於三芳基胺之單元。
根據本發明的聚合物、寡聚物和樹枝狀聚合物具有利的性質,特別為長的壽命、高的效率及好的色座標。
根據本發明的化合物之調合物為從液相加工根據本發明的化合物(例如,藉由旋轉塗佈法或藉由印刷法)所必要的。該等調合物可為例如溶液、分散液或乳液。可能較佳的是使用二或多種就此目的之溶劑的混合物。適合且較佳的溶劑為例如甲苯、茴香醚、鄰-、間-或對-二甲苯、苯
甲酸甲酯、均三甲苯、四氫萘、藜蘆素(veratrol)、THF、甲基-THF、THP、氯苯、二烷、苯氧基甲苯(特別為3-苯氧基甲苯)、(-)-葑酮、1,2,3,5-四甲基苯、1,2,4,5-四甲基苯、1-甲基萘、2-甲基苯並噻唑、2-苯氧基乙醇、2-吡咯啶酮、3-甲基茴香醚、4-甲基茴香醚、3,4-二甲基茴香醚、3,5-二甲基茴香醚、乙醯苯、α-松油醇、苯並噻唑、苯甲酸丁酯、異丙基苯、環己醇、環己酮、環己基苯、十氫萘、十二烷基苯、苯甲酸乙酯、茚滿、苯甲酸甲酯、NMP、對-異丙基苯甲烷、苯乙醚、1,4-二異丙基苯、二苯甲醚、二乙二醇丁基甲醚、三乙二醇丁基甲醚、二乙二醇二丁醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇單丁醚、三丙二醇二甲醚、四乙二醇二甲醚、2-異丙基萘、戊基苯、己基苯、庚基苯、辛基苯、1,1-雙(3,4-二甲基苯基)乙烷或該等溶劑的混合物。
此外,本發明因此關於包含至少一種式(I)化合物或至少一種含有至少一種式(I)之單元的聚合物、寡聚物或樹枝狀聚合物及至少一種溶劑(較佳為有機溶劑)之調合物,特別為溶液、分散液或乳液。其中可製備此類型之溶液的方式為熟習本技術領域者已知且說明於例如WO 2002/072714、WO 2003/019694及其中引述之文獻中。
根據本發明的化合物適合用於電子裝置中,特別為有機電致發光裝置(OLED)中。化合物可用於各種功能及各種層中,尤其取決於取代作用。化合物較佳地用作為基
質材料,較佳地用作為磷光發光體之基質材料。
此外,本發明關於式(I)化合物於電子裝置中的用途。電子裝置較佳地選自由下列者所組成之群組:有機積體電路(O-IC)、有機場效電晶體(O-FET)、有機薄膜電晶體(O-TFT)、有機發光電晶體(O-LET)、有機太陽能電池(O-SC)、有機光偵測器、有機光接收器、有機場驟滅裝置(O-FQD)、發光電化學電池(LEC)、有機雷射二極體(O-雷射)及特別佳地選自有機電致發光裝置(OLED)。
此外,本發明關於一種包含陽極、陰極及至少一個有機層之電子裝置,其中有機層包含至少一種式(I)化合物。電子裝置較佳地選自上文述及之裝置,且特別佳為有機電致發光裝置(OLED)。
除了陰極、陽極及發光層以外,有機電致發光裝置亦可包含另外的層。該等另外的層例如在各情況係選自一或多個電洞注入層、電洞傳輸層、電洞阻擋層、電子傳輸層、電子注入層、電子阻擋層、激子阻擋層、電荷產生層(IDMC 2003,Taiwan;Session 21 OLED(5)、T.Matsu-moto,T.Nakada,J.Endo,K.Mori,N.Kawamura,A.Yokoi,J.Kido,Multiphoton Organic EL Device Having Charge Generation Layer)、耦合輸出層(coupling-out layer)及/或有機或無機p/n接面。較佳地用於各個層及功能中的化合物明確地揭示於後面章節中。
根據本發明的有機電致發光裝置可包含複數個發光
層。在此例子的該等發光層特別佳地總計具有複數個在380奈米與750奈米之間的發光最大值,導致整體為白色發光,亦即將能夠發螢光或磷光及發藍色光或黃色光或橘色光或紅色光的各種發光化合物用於發光層中。特別優先選擇為三層系統,亦即具有三個發光層之系統,其中該等層中之至少一者較佳地包含至少一種式(I)化合物及其中三個層顯出藍色、綠色和橘色或紅色發光(基本結構參見例如WO 2005/011013)。另一選擇地及/或此外,根據本發明的化合物亦可能存在於另一層中。應注意單獨使用之發射寬波長範圍的發光化合物亦可能適合於代替複數種發色之發光化合物來產生白色光。
在本發明較佳的實施態樣中,式(I)化合物被用作為與一或多種發光化合物(較佳為磷光發光化合物)組合之發光層中的基質材料。
依照本發明,術語磷光發光體包含其中發光係經由自旋禁止躍遷而發生的化合物,例如自激發三重態或具有相對高的自旋量子數之狀態(諸如五重態)躍遷。
適合的磷光發光體特別為在適合的激發時發光(較佳地在可見光區域內)且此外含有至少一個具有原子序大於20(較佳為大於38及少於84,特別佳為大於56及少於80)之原子的化合物。所使用之磷光發光體較佳為含有銅、鉬、鎢、錸、釕、鋨、銠、銥、鈀、鉑、銀、金或銪之化合物,特別為含有銥、鉑或銅之化合物。
就本發明的目的而言,所有發光的銥、鉑或銅錯合物
被視為磷光化合物。
磷光發光化合物的實例係由申請案WO 2000/70655、WO 2001/41512、WO 2002/02714、WO 2002/15645、EP 1191613、EP 1191612、EP 1191614、WO 2005/033244、WO 2005/019373和US 2005/0258742揭露。依照先前技術用於磷光OLED且為熟習有機電致發光裝置領域之技術者已知的所有磷光錯合物通常適合用於根據本發明的裝置中。熟習本技術領域者亦能夠以未創新的步驟而將更多的磷光錯合物與根據本發明的化合物組合用於OLED中。適合的磷光發光體之更多實例揭露於後面章節的表中。
在根據本發明的裝置中,在發光層中的基質材料之比例對螢光發光層而言較佳為介於50.0與99.9%之間,特別佳為介於80.0與99.5%之間,且最特別佳為介於92.0與99.5%之間,及對磷光發光層而言為介於85.0與97.0%之間。相應地,發光化合物之比例對螢光發光層而言較佳為介於0.1與50.0%之間,特別佳為介於0.5與20.0%之間,且最特別佳為介於0.5與8.0%之間,及對磷光發光層而言為介於3.0與15.0%之間。
在本發明中,在層中的各種化合物以%計之相對比例的規格在從溶液製造裝置的例子中意指重量%,而在以氣相法製造的例子中意指體積%。
有機電致發光裝置之發光層亦可能包含含有複數種基質材料(混合型基質系統)及/或複數種發光化合物之系統。
在本發明進一步較佳的實施態樣中,式(I)化合物被用作為混合型基質系統的一種組份。混合型基質系統較佳地包含二或三種不同的基質材料,特別佳為兩種不同的基質材料。兩種材料中之一在此處較佳地代表尤其具有電洞傳輸性質的材料及另一材料代表尤其具有電子傳輸性質的材料。式(I)化合物在此處代表具有電子傳輸及電洞傳輸性質的基質材料。兩種不同的基質材料可能以1:50至1:1之比存在,較佳為1:20至1:1,特別佳為1:10至1:1,且最特別佳為1:4至1:1。優先選擇於磷光有機電致發光裝置中使用混合型基質系統。尤其於申請案WO 2010/108579中提出混合型基質系統更確切的細節。
混合型基質系統可包含一或多種發光化合物。依照本發明,一或多種發光化合物共同具有0.1至50.0%之比例於整體混合物中,且較佳為0.5至20.0%之比例於整體混合物中。相應地,基質組份共同具有50.0至99.9%之比例於整體混合物中,且較佳為80.0至99.5%之比例於整體混合物中。
可與根據本發明的化合物組合用作為混合型基質系統的基質組份之特別適合的基質材料係選自經指出用於磷光發光體之較佳的基質材料或經指出用於螢光發光體之較佳的基質材料,其係取決於什麼類型的發光體用於混合型基質系統中。
較佳地用於根據本發明的電子裝置中之更多的功能性
材料顯示於下表中。
在下表中所示之化合物代表特別適合的磷光發光體。
較佳的螢光發光體係選自芳基胺之類別。在本發明的意義中,芳基胺或芳族胺意指含有三個與氮直接鍵結的經取代或未經取代之芳族或雜芳族環系統之化合物。該等芳族或雜芳族環系統中之至少一者較佳為縮合環系統,特別佳地具有至少14個芳族環原子。其較佳的實例為芳族蒽胺、芳族蒽二胺、芳族芘胺、芳族芘二胺、芳族胺或芳族二胺。芳族蒽胺意指其中一個二芳基胺基與蒽基團直接鍵結(較佳為9-位置上)之化合物。芳族蒽二胺意指其中兩個二芳基胺基與蒽基團直接鍵結(較佳為9,10-位置上)之化合物。芳族芘胺、芘二胺、胺和二胺係以與其類似的方式定義,其中二芳基胺基較佳地在1-位置或
1,6-位置上與芘鍵結。更多較佳的發光體為例如依照WO 2006/108497或WO 2006/122630之茚並茀胺或茚並茀二胺、例如依照WO 2008/006449之苯並茚並茀胺或苯並茚並茀二胺及例如依照WO 2007/140847之二苯並茚並茀胺或二苯並茚並茀二胺,及在WO 2010/012328中所揭示之含有縮合芳基的茚並茀衍生物。同樣地優先選擇為WO 2012/048780和尚未公告之EP 12004426.8中所揭示之芘芳基胺。同樣地優先選擇為尚未公告之EP 12006239.3中所揭示之苯並茚並茀胺及尚未公告之EP 13000012.8中所揭示之苯並茀胺。
較佳地適合於螢光發光體之基質材料為來自各種類別的物質之材料。較佳的基質材料係選自以下類別:寡聚伸芳基(例如,依照EP 676461之2,2’,7,7’-四苯基螺雙茀,或二萘基蒽,特別為含有縮合芳族基團之寡聚伸芳基)、寡聚伸芳基伸乙烯基(例如,依照EP 676461之DPVBi或螺-DPVBi)、多足金屬錯合物(例如,依照WO 2004/081017)、電洞傳導化合物(例如,依照WO 2004/058911)、電子傳導化合物,特別為酮、氧化膦、亞碸等等(例如,依照WO 2005/084081和WO 2005/084082)、構型異構物(atropisomer)(例如,依照WO 2006/048268)、硼酸衍生物(例如,依照WO 2006/117052)或苯並蒽(例如,依照WO 2008/145239)。特別佳的基質材料係選自以下類別:包含萘、蒽、苯並蒽及/或芘之寡聚伸芳基或該等化合物
之構型異構物,寡聚伸芳基伸乙烯基、酮、氧化膦和亞碸。最特別佳的基質材料係選自以下類別:包含蒽、苯並蒽、苯並菲及/或芘之寡聚伸芳基或該等化合物之構型異構物。在本發明的意義中,寡聚伸芳基意欲取其意指其中至少三個芳基或伸芳基彼此鍵結之化合物。此外,優先選擇為WO 2006/097208、WO 2006/131192、WO 2007/065550、WO 2007/110129、WO 2007/065678、WO 2008/145239、WO 2009/100925、WO 2011/054442和EP 1553154中所揭示之蒽衍生物,及EP 1749809、EP 1905754和US 2012/0187826中所揭示之芘化合物。
除了根據本發明的化合物以外,用於磷光發光體之較佳的基質材料為芳族酮、芳族氧化膦或芳族亞碸或碸(例如,依照WO 2004/013080、WO 2004/093207、WO 2006/005627或WO 2010/006680)、三芳基胺、咔唑衍生物(例如,CBP(N,N-雙咔唑基聯苯)或在WO 2005/039246、US 2005/0069729、JP 2004/288381、EP 1205527或WO 2008/086851中所揭示之咔唑衍生物)、吲哚並咔唑衍生物(例如,依照WO 2007/063754或WO 2008/056746)、茚並咔唑衍生物(例如,依照WO 2010/136109、WO 2011/000455或WO 2013/041176)、氮雜咔唑衍生物(例如,依照EP 1617710、EP 1617711、EP 1731584、JP 2005/347160)、雙極性基質材料(例如,依照WO 2007/137725)、矽烷(例如,依照WO 2005/111172)、氮雜硼環戊烯(azaborole)或硼酸酯
(例如,依照WO 2006/117052)、三衍生物(例如,依照WO 2010/015306、WO 2007/063754或WO 2008/056746)、鋅錯合物(例如,依照EP 652273或WO 2009/062578)、二氮雜矽環戊烯(diazasilole)或四氮雜矽環戊烯衍生物(例如,依照WO 2010/054729)、二氮雜磷環戊烯(diazaphosphole)衍生物(例如,依照WO 2010/054730)、橋連咔唑衍生物(例如,依照US 2009/0136779、WO 2010/050778、WO 2011/042107、WO 2011/088877或WO 2012/143080)、聯伸三苯衍生物(例如,依照WO 2012/048781)或內醯胺(例如,依照WO 2011/116865或WO 2011/137951)。
可用於根據本發明的有機電致發光裝置之電洞注入層或電洞傳輸層中或電子傳輸層中之適合的電荷傳輸材料為例如在Y.Shirota等人之Chem.Rev.2007,107(4)、953-1010中所揭示之化合物,或依照先前技術用於該等層中的其他材料。
通常較佳的是電洞傳輸層中之一或多者經p-摻雜及/或電子傳輸層中之一或多者經n-摻雜。適合於此目的p-摻雜劑及n-摻雜劑說明於例如Chem.Rev.2007,107,1233-1271中。
可用於電子傳輸層之材料為依照先前技術用作為電子傳輸層中之電子傳輸材料的所有材料。特別適合的是鋁錯合物(例如,Alq3)、鋯錯合物(例如,Zrq4)、苯並咪唑衍生物、三衍生物、嘧啶衍生物、吡啶衍生物、吡
衍生物、喹啉衍生物、喹啉衍生物、二唑衍生物、芳族酮、內醯胺、硼烷、二氮雜磷環戊烯衍生物和氧化膦衍生物。此外,適合的材料為上述化合物之衍生物,如在JP 2000/053957、WO 2003/060956、WO 2004/028217、WO 2004/080975和WO 2010/072300中所揭示。
可用於根據本發明的電致發光裝置中之電洞傳輸層、電洞注入層或電子阻擋層中之較佳的電洞傳輸材料為茚並茀胺衍生物(例如,依照WO 06/122630或WO 06/100896)、在EP 1661888中所揭示之胺衍生物、六氮雜聯伸三苯衍生物(例如,依照WO 01/049806)、含有縮合芳族環的胺衍生物(例如,依照US 5,061,569)、在WO 95/09147中所揭示之胺衍生物、單苯並茚並茀胺(例如,依照WO 08/006449)、二苯並茚並茀胺(例如,依照WO 07/140847)、螺雙茀胺(例如,依照WO 2012/034627或尚未公告之EP 12000929.5)、茀胺(例如,依照尚未公告之申請案EP 12005369.9、EP 12005370.7和EP 12005371.5)、螺二苯並吡喃胺(例如,依照WO 2013/083216)和二氫吖啶衍生物(例如,依照WO 2012/150001)。
有機電致發光裝置之陰極較佳地包含具有低功函數之金屬、金屬合金或包含各種金屬(諸如鹼土金屬、鹼金屬、主族金屬或鑭系元素,例如Ca、Ba、Mg、Al、In、Mg、Yb、Sm等等)的多層結構。亦適合的是包含鹼金屬或鹼土金屬與銀之合金,例如包含鎂與銀之合金。在多層
結構的例子中,除了該等金屬以外,亦可使用具有相對高功函數的更多金屬,諸如Ag或Al,在該例子中通常使用金屬之組合,諸如Ca/Ag、Mg/Ag或Ag/Ag。可能亦較佳的是在金屬陰極與有機半導體之間引入具有高介電常數之材料的薄中間層。適合此目的的是例如鹼金屬氟化物或鹼土金屬氟化物,但亦為對應之氧化物或碳酸鹽(例如,LiF、Li2O、BaF2、MgO、NaF、CsF、Cs2CO3等等)。此外,亦可就此目的使用喹啉酸鋰(LiQ)。此層的層厚度較佳為介於0.5與5奈米之間。
陽極較佳地包含具有高功函數之材料。陽極較佳地具有相對真空而大於4.5eV之功函數。適合於此目的的是一方面為具有高氧化還原電位之金屬,諸如Ag、Pt或Au。另一方面,金屬/金屬氧化物電極(例如,Al/Ni/NiOx、Al/PtOx)可能亦較佳。對某些應用而言,電極中之至少一者必須為透明的或部分透明的,以促進有機材料之照射(有機太陽能電池)或光之耦合輸出(OLED、O-雷射)。較佳的陽極材料在此處為導電性混合型金屬氧化物。特別優先選擇為氧化銦錫(ITO)或氧化銦鋅(IZO)。此外,優先選擇為導電性摻雜型有機材料,特別為導電性摻雜型聚合物。此外,陽極亦可由複數個層所組成,例如ITO之內層及金屬氧化物之外層,較佳為氧化鎢、氧化鉬或氧化釩。
將裝置適當地結構化(取決於應用而定),具備有接觸點且最後密封,因為在水及/或空氣的存在下使根據本
發明的裝置之壽命縮短。
在較佳的實施態樣中,根據本發明的有機電致發光裝置之特徵在於一或多個層係利用昇華方法塗佈,其中材料係在真空昇華單元中以低於10-5毫巴,較佳為低於10-6毫巴之初壓力下以蒸氣沉積法施加。然而,初壓力在此處亦有可能甚至更低,例如低於10-7毫巴。
同樣地優先選擇為有機電致發光裝置,其特徵在於一或多個層係利用OVPD(有機蒸氣相沉積)方法或輔以載體-氣體昇華法塗佈,其中材料係在介於10-5毫巴與1巴之間的壓力下施加。此方法的特殊例子為OVJP(有機蒸氣噴射印刷)方法,其中材料係經由噴嘴直接施加且因此結構化(例如,M.S.Arnold等人之Appl.Phys.Lett.2008,92,053301)。
此外,優先選擇為有機電致發光裝置,其特徵在於一或多個層係從溶液製得,諸如藉由旋轉塗佈法,或利用任何所欲印刷方法,諸如網版印刷、快乾印刷、噴嘴印刷或平版印刷,但是特別佳為LITI(光誘致熱成像、熱轉移印刷)或噴墨印刷。可溶性式(I)化合物為此目的所必要的。高溶解度可經由適合的化合物取代而達成。
此外,較佳的是從溶液施加一或多個層及以昇華方法施加一或多個層,用於製造根據本發明的有機電致發光裝置。
依照本發明,包含一或多種式(I)化合物之電子裝置可用於顯示器中,作為照明應用中之光源及作為醫學及
/或美容應用中之光源(例如,光療法)。
將24.0公克(142毫莫耳,1.2當量)4-胺基聯苯1a(CAS 92-67-1)與32.0公克(117毫莫耳,1.0當量)2-溴-9,9’-二甲基茀2a(CAS 28320-31-2)開始一起引入950毫升甲苯中且以氬氣經30分鐘飽和。接著添加1.0公克(1.8毫莫耳,0.02當量)1,1’-雙(二苯膦基)二茂鐵(CAS 12150-46-8)、350毫克(1.6毫莫耳,0.01當量)乙酸鈀(II)(CAS 3375-31-3)及29公克(300毫莫耳,2.6當量)第三丁醇鈉(CAS 865-48-5),且將混合物在回流下加熱隔夜。當反應完成時,將此批次反應以300毫升甲苯稀釋且以水萃取。將有機相經硫酸鈉乾燥且在旋轉蒸發器中移除溶劑。將50毫升乙酸乙酯添加至棕色油中,且將混合物添加至20:1之庚烷/乙酸乙酯的混合物中。將形成的固體以抽氣濾出且以庚烷清洗。以乾燥
得到29公克(80毫莫耳,69%)所欲產物3a,具有99.1%之HPLC純度。
以下的化合物可以類似的方式獲得:
將29公克(80毫莫耳,1.0當量)中間物3a與25公克(80毫莫耳,1.0當量)3,3’-二溴-1,1’-聯苯4a(CAS 16400-51-4)一起溶解在600毫升甲苯中且經30分鐘脫氣。接著添加45公克(240毫莫耳,3.0當量)第三丁醇鈉、890毫克(0.40毫莫耳,0.050當量)乙酸鈀(II)及8毫升(8.0毫莫耳,0.10當量)1M三-第三丁膦溶液。將此批次反應在回流下加熱隔夜,且當反應完成時,通過氧化鋁以甲苯過濾兩次。在旋轉蒸發器中移除溶劑之後,將油溶解在少量THF中且引入庚烷中。將形成的固體以抽氣濾出且在1:1之庚烷/甲苯中利用熱萃取而純化,得到16.6公克(28毫莫耳,35%)所欲產物5a。
以下的化合物可以類似的方式獲得:
將50.0公克(125毫莫耳,1.0當量)3,6-二溴-9-苯基咔唑(CAS 57103-20-5)開始與19.5公克(125毫莫耳,1.0當量)3-氯苯硼酸(CAS 6350-60-6)一起引入
400毫升水、400毫升二烷與400毫升甲苯之混合物中且經30分鐘脫氣。在添加280毫克(1.25毫莫耳,1莫耳%)乙酸鈀(II)及1.14公克(3.75毫莫耳,3莫耳%)三-鄰-甲苯膦之後,將此批次反應在回流下加熱隔夜,且當反應完成時添加少量水。分離出有機相且以水萃取兩次。在有機相經硫酸鈉乾燥之後,自庚烷/甲苯再結晶出殘餘物,得到44.8公克(103毫莫耳,83%)米黃色固體。
將16.6公克(28毫莫耳,35%)溴化物5a與8.5公克(34毫莫耳,1.2當量)雙(頻哪醇基)二硼烷(bis(pinacolato)diborane)(CAS 73183-34-3)一起在保護氣體下在500毫升燒瓶中溶解在120毫升無水DMF中且經30分鐘脫氣。接著添加8.2公克(84毫莫耳,3.0當量)乙酸鉀及690毫克(0.84毫莫耳,3莫耳%)[1,1’-雙(二苯膦基)二茂鐵]二氯化鈀(II)與二氯甲烷之複合
物(CAS 95464-05-4),且將此批次反應在90℃下加熱隔夜。當反應完成時,將混合物以300毫升甲苯稀釋且以水萃取。在旋轉蒸發器中移除溶劑且將獲得的固體14.7公克(23毫莫耳,82%)乾燥。硼酸酯6a以未進一步純化而反應。
以下的化合物可以類似的方式獲得:
將7.9公克(330毫莫耳,1.2當量)鎂粉開始引入1公升四頸燒瓶中且以足以使反應混合物維持回流的方式緩慢地添加63公克(270毫莫耳,1.0當量)3-溴聯苯8a(CAS 2113-57-7)之THF溶液。當反應完成時,將此批次反應在回流下再加熱2小時。將500毫升THF中的50公克(270毫莫耳,1當量)2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三 7a(CAS 108-77-0)於2公升四頸燒瓶中冷卻至-10℃。以足以使溫度不超過0℃的方式緩慢地在此溫度下逐滴添加格任亞(Grignard)溶液,且最後將此批次反應在室溫下攪拌隔夜。逐滴添加用於整理的270毫升1N氫氯酸,且
將混合物攪拌1小時。接著分離出水相且以二乙醚萃取。將合併的有機相經硫酸鈉乾燥且在旋轉蒸發器中移除溶劑,得到56公克(69%)無色油9a。
以下的化合物可以類似的方式獲得:
將18公克(50毫莫耳,1當量)9,9-螺雙茀-2-基硼酸10a(CAS 1207595-22-9)與15公克(50毫莫耳,1當量)2-聯苯-3-基-4,6-二氯-1,3,5-三 9a及5.8公克(55毫莫耳,1.1當量)碳酸鈉一起溶解在200毫升二烷、200毫升甲苯與70毫升水之混合物中且經30分鐘脫氣。接著添加580毫克(0.50毫莫耳,1莫耳%)肆(三苯膦)(CAS 14221-01-3)且將此批次反應在回流下加熱隔夜。將反應混合物冷卻且添加300毫升水。將水相以乙酸乙酯萃取三次,將有機相合併且在旋轉蒸發器中移除溶劑。在4:1之庚烷/甲苯中熱萃取,得到15公克(26毫莫耳,51%)無色固體。
以下的化合物可以類似的方式製得:
將14.7公克(23毫莫耳,1.0當量)硼酸酯6a及14.7公克(25毫莫耳,1.1當量)三建構組元11a懸浮在190毫升甲苯及190毫升水中且經30分鐘脫氣。接著添加7.0公克(51毫莫耳,2.2當量)碳酸鉀、150毫克(6.9毫莫耳,3莫耳%)乙酸鈀(II)及300毫克(1.2毫莫耳,5莫耳%)三苯膦,且將混合物在回流下加熱隔夜。將沉澱的固體以抽氣濾出及利用1:1之庚烷/甲苯的熱萃取而純化,且自庚烷/甲苯之混合物再結晶三次。以昇華得到11.2公克(11毫莫耳,46%)所欲產物12a,具有>99.9%之HPLC純度。
以下的化合物可以類似的方式獲得:
將已塗佈上50奈米厚度之結構化ITO(氧化銦錫)的清潔之玻璃板(在實驗室洗碗機中清潔,Merck Extran之清潔劑)塗佈上20奈米PEDOT:PSS(聚(3,4-伸乙二氧基噻吩)聚(苯乙烯磺酸酯),自Heraeus Precious Metals GmbH,Germany以CLEVIOSTM P VP AI 4083購得,自水溶液旋轉塗佈而施加),用於改進之加工。該等塗佈之玻璃板構成施加OLED之基板。
OLED原則上具有以下的層結構:基板/電洞傳輸層(HTL)/中間層(IL)/電子阻擋層(EBL)/發光層(EML)/電洞阻擋層(HBL)/電子傳輸層(ETL)及最後的陰極。陰極係由100奈米厚度之鋁層所形成。OLED之精確結構顯示於表1中。用於製造OLED之材料顯示於表3中。
所有的材料係在真空室中以熱蒸氣沉積法施加。發光層在此處總是由至少一種基質材料(主體材料)及發光摻
雜劑(發光體)所組成,該摻雜劑與基質材料或基質材料類係以特定的體積比例共同蒸發而摻混。諸如12r:IC1:TEG1(60%:30%:10%)之表述在此處意指材料12r係以60%之體積比例存在於層中,IC1係以30%之比例存在於層中,及TEG1係以10%之比例存在於層中。同樣地,電子傳輸層係由兩種材料之混合物所組成。
OLED係以標準方法特徵化。就此目的而言,測定以發光密度為函數的自假定Lambert發射特徵的電流/電壓/發光密度特徵線(IUL特徵線)所計算之電致發光光譜,電流效率(以cd/A測量)、功率效率(以lm/W測量)和外部量子效率(EQE,以%測量),及測定壽命。電致發光光譜係在1000cd/平方公尺之發光密度下測定,且由此計算CIE 1931 x和y色座標。在表2中表述的U1000代表1000cd/平方公尺之發光密度所必需之電壓。CE1000及PE1000分別代表在1000cd/平方公尺下達成的電流及功率效率。最後,EQE1000代表在1000cd/平方公尺之操作發光密度下的外部量子效率。
壽命LT經定義為發光密度在以恆定的電流操作時從初發光密度下降至特定比例L1所經歷的時間。在表2中表示的L0;j0=4000cd/平方公尺及L1=80%意指在LT欄位中標示之壽命對應於初發光密度自4000cd/平方公尺下降至3200cd/平方公尺所經歷的時間。同樣地,L0;j0=20毫安培/平方公分,L1=80%意指在20毫安培/平方公分下操作時初發光密度在時間LT之後下降至其初值的
80%。
將各種OLED的數據總結於表2中。實施例V1-V3為依照先前技術的比較例,實施例E1-E8顯示包含根據本發明的材料之OLED的數據。
在下文更詳細解釋一些實施例,以便例證根據本發明的化合物之優點。然而,應指出此僅代表選出在表2中所示之數據。
OLED之非常好的性能數據(特別為非常好的壽命、功率效率及操作電壓)通常係由根據本發明的化合物(參見實施例E1至E8)達成。
與化合物C1比較,在胺基上以相對大的芳族系統取代之化合物12r和12i在用作為基質材料時展現關於效率及電壓的改進,但是特別關於壽命的改進(實施例V1、E1和E6)。
與同樣在胺基上僅含有小的芳族系統之化合物C2比較,亦出現改進(實施例V2、E1和E6)。
與其中胺及三係經由苯基連結之化合物C3比較,以例如根據本發明的類似化合物12t達成顯著更好的效率及可相比的壽命(實施例V3、E2)。
Claims (17)
- 一種式(I)化合物:
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中該化合物明確地含有一個胺基。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中該化合物明確地含有一個三基團。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中該化合物不含有具有超過14個芳族環原子的縮合芳基。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之化合物,其中Ar1於每次出現係相同或不同地選自苯基、聯苯基、聯三苯基、茀基、螺雙茀基、茚並茀基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、基(chrysenyl)、苯並蒽基、芘基、螢蒽基(fluoranthenyl)、聯三伸苯基(triphenylenyl)、呋喃基、苯並呋喃基、二苯並呋喃基、噻吩基、苯並噻吩基、二苯並噻吩基、吲哚基、咔唑基、吲哚並咔唑基、茚並咔唑基、吡啶基、喹啉基、吖啶基、二氫吖啶基、吡唑基、咪唑基、苯並咪唑基、嗒基、嘧啶基、吡基、啡啉基、二苯醚、二苯基硫醚、二苯基亞矽烷基和二苯基亞甲基,各者隨意地經一或多個R2基取代。
- 根據申請專利範圍第5項之化合物,其中該單元 -(Ar1)n-係選自茀基、螺雙茀基、茚並茀基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、基、苯並蒽基、芘基、螢蒽基、呋喃基、苯並呋喃基、二苯並呋喃基、噻吩基、苯並噻吩基、二苯並噻吩基、吲哚基、吲哚並咔唑基、茚並咔唑基、吡啶基、喹啉基、吖啶基、二氫吖啶基、吡唑基、咪唑基、苯並咪唑基、嗒基、嘧啶基、吡基、啡啉基、二苯醚、二苯基硫醚、二苯基亞矽烷基和二苯基亞甲基,各者隨意地經一或多個R2基取代,及選自含有上述基團中之一或多者與一或多個選自苯基和咔唑基之另外基團的組合,各者隨意地經一或多個R2基取代。
- 根據申請專利範圍第6項之化合物,其中該單元-(Ar1)n-代表完全共軛之不飽和二價基團。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之化合物,其中兩個Ar2基團係選自相同或不同的Ar2*基團。
- 根據申請專利範圍第8項之化合物,其中Ar2於每次出現係相同或不同地選自具有5至20個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,且其可經一或多個R2基取代。
- 根據申請專利範圍第9項之化合物,其中Ar2於每次出現係相同或不同地選自苯基、聯苯基、聯三苯基、聯四苯基、茀基、螺雙茀基、茚並茀基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、基、苯並蒽基、芘基、聯三伸苯基、螢蒽基、呋喃基、苯並呋喃基、二苯並呋喃基、噻吩基、苯並噻吩基、二苯並噻吩基、吲哚基、咔唑基、吲哚並咔唑基、茚並咔唑基、吡啶基、喹啉基、吖啶基、二氫吖啶基、吡唑基、 咪唑基、苯並咪唑基、嗒基、嘧啶基、吡基和啡啉基,各者隨意地經一或多個R2基取代。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之化合物,其中R1於每次出現係相同或不同地選自CN、具有1至10個C原子之烷基或具有2至10個C原子之烯基,其中上述基團可經一或多個R3基團取代,或具有5至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,且其可經一或多個R3基團取代。
- 一種寡聚物、聚合物或樹枝狀聚合物,其含有一或多種根據申請專利範圍第1至11項中任一項之化合物,其中與該聚合物、寡聚物或樹枝狀聚合物鍵結之鍵可位於式(I)中經R1或R2取代之任何所欲位置上。
- 一種調合物,其包含至少一種根據申請專利範圍第1至11項中任一項之化合物或至少一種根據申請專利範圍第12項之聚合物、寡聚物或樹枝狀聚合物及至少一種溶劑。
- 一種根據申請專利範圍第1至11項中任一項之化合物的用途,其係用於電子裝置中。
- 一種電子裝置,其包含陽極、陰極及至少一種有機層,其中該有機層包含至少一種根據申請專利範圍第1至11項中任一項之化合物。
- 根據申請專利範圍第15項之電子裝置,其係選自由下列者所組成之群組:有機積體電路(O-IC)、有機場效電晶體(O-FET)、有機薄膜電晶體(O-TFT)、有 機發光電晶體(O-LET)、有機太陽能電池(O-SC)、有機光偵測器、有機光接收器、有機場驟滅裝置(O-FQD)、發光電化學電池(LEC)、有機雷射二極體(O-雷射)及有機電致發光裝置(OLED)。
- 根據申請專利範圍第16項之電子裝置,其係選自有機電致發光裝置(OLED),其中根據申請專利範圍第1至11項中任一項之化合物係作為基質材料而與一或多種發光化合物組合用於發光層中。
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TWI754625B (zh) * | 2015-12-16 | 2022-02-11 | 德商麥克專利有限公司 | 用於有機電激發光裝置之材料 |
TWI821154B (zh) * | 2015-12-16 | 2023-11-11 | 德商麥克專利有限公司 | 用於有機電發光裝置之材料 |
TWI745361B (zh) * | 2016-03-17 | 2021-11-11 | 德商麥克專利有限公司 | 具有螺聯茀結構之化合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3017016A1 (de) | 2016-05-11 |
CN105358653B (zh) | 2017-09-08 |
US20160141508A1 (en) | 2016-05-19 |
JP2016525081A (ja) | 2016-08-22 |
US10651389B2 (en) | 2020-05-12 |
CN105358653A (zh) | 2016-02-24 |
EP3017016B1 (de) | 2020-04-15 |
KR102265993B1 (ko) | 2021-06-16 |
WO2015000549A1 (de) | 2015-01-08 |
KR20160027985A (ko) | 2016-03-10 |
JP6495259B2 (ja) | 2019-04-03 |
TWI609858B (zh) | 2018-01-01 |
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