TWI601843B - 氧化矽膜及用於沉積氧化矽膜的前驅物 - Google Patents
氧化矽膜及用於沉積氧化矽膜的前驅物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI601843B TWI601843B TW105126656A TW105126656A TWI601843B TW I601843 B TWI601843 B TW I601843B TW 105126656 A TW105126656 A TW 105126656A TW 105126656 A TW105126656 A TW 105126656A TW I601843 B TWI601843 B TW I601843B
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- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- film
- precursor
- plasma
- ruthenium
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 89
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- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
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- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004491 isohexyl group Chemical group C(CCC(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012092 media component Substances 0.000 description 1
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesitylene Substances CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000250 methylamino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YWWNNLPSZSEZNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyldecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN(C)C YWWNNLPSZSEZNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAHVZNKZQFSBFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-trimethylsilylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)[Si](C)(C)C KAHVZNKZQFSBFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005244 neohexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004022 organic phosphonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006318 tert-butyl amino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003510 tertiary aliphatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003527 tetrahydropyrans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004417 unsaturated alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005019 vapor deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
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- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
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- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
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- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
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- C23C16/50—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges
- C23C16/513—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges using plasma jets
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- H01L21/02164—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon the material being a silicon oxide, e.g. SiO2
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Description
本案請求2014年3月26日申請的美國臨時申請案第61/970,602號之優先權。在此以引用的方式將其全文併入本文。
本文所述的是用於形成含矽和氧化物的膜之組合物和方法。更明確地說,本文所述的是用於約300℃或更低,或介於約25℃至約300℃,的一或更多沉積溫度下形成化學計量或非化學計量氧化矽膜或材料的組合物和方法。
原子層沉積(ALD)和電漿強化原子層沉積(PEALD)係用於低溫(<500℃)下沉積氧化矽保形膜的程序。在ALD和PEALD程序二者中,該前驅物和反應性氣體(例如氧或臭氧)係於一定數目的循環中獨立脈衝輸送以於各循環形成氧化矽的單層。然而,使用這些程序於低溫下沉積的氧化矽可能含有多種濃度的雜質例w如,但不限於,氮(N),該等濃
度的雜質可能在某些半導體應用造成不利。為了補救此問題,有一個可行的解決方法係將沉積溫度提高至500℃或更高。然而,於這些較高溫度下,半導體產業使用的習用前驅物傾向於依照化學氣相沉積(CVD)模式而非ALD模式產生自身反應,熱分解,並且沉積。該CVD模式沉積具有比ALD沉積更低的保形性,就許多半導體應用中需要的高深寬比結構尤其如此。除此之外,該CVD模式沉積比該ALD模式沉積具有較不受控制的膜或材料厚度。
該標題名為"Some New Alkylaminosilanes"的參考文章,Abel,E.W.等人,JJ.Chem.Soc.,(1961),Vol.26,pp.1528-1530描述來自三甲基氯矽烷(Me3SiCl)及適當胺的直接交互作用之不同胺基矽烷化合物例如Me3SiNHBu-iso、Me3SiNHBu-sec、Me3SiN(Pr-iso)2及Me3SiN(Bu-sec)2,其中Me=甲基,Bu-sec=第二丁基,而且Pr-iso=異丙基,的製備方法。
該標題名為"SiO2 Atomic Layer Using Tris(dimethylamino)silane and Hydrogen Peroxide Studied by in Situ Transmission FTIR Spectroscopy"的參考文章,Burton,B.B.等人,The Journal of Physical Chemistry(2009),Vol.113,pp.8249-57描述使用各式各樣的矽前驅物與H2O2當氧化劑的二氧化矽(SiO2)原子層沉積法(ALD)。該等矽前驅物係(N,N-二甲基胺基)三甲基矽烷)(CH3)3SiN(CH3)2、乙烯基三甲氧基矽烷CH2CHSi(OCH3)3、三乙烯基甲氧基矽烷(CH2CH)3SiOCH3、肆(二甲基胺基)矽烷Si(N(CH3)2)4及叁(二
甲基胺基)矽烷(TDMAS)SiH(N(CH3)2)3。經測定之後TDMAS為這些前驅物中最為有效者。然而,其他研究確定來自TDMAS的SiH*表面物種難以僅使用H2O來移除。隨後的研究利用TDMAS和H2O2當氧化劑並且於150至550℃的溫度範圍中探討SiO2 ALD。使該等TDMAS和H2O2的表面反應達到完成所需的暴露係於原地使用FTIR光譜術監測。在該等TDMAS暴露之後的FTIR振動光譜顯示關於O-H伸張振動的吸收度損失及關於C-Hx和Si-H伸張振動的吸收度增益。在該等H2O2暴露之後的FTIR振動光譜顯示關於C-Hx和Si-H的吸收度損失及關於O-H伸張振動的吸收度提高。該等SiH*表面物種僅於>450℃的溫度下完全被移除。該等SiO2的總體振動模式係於1000與1250cm-1之間觀察到而且藉著許多TDMAS和H2O2的反應循環逐漸發展出來。靠著ZrO2奈米粒子於150至550℃之間的溫度下經過50 TDMAS和H2O2反應循環之後進行穿透式電子顯微檢查(TEM)。藉由TEM於各溫度下測得的膜厚度係用以獲得該SiO2 ALD生長速率。每一循環的生長速率變化於150℃的0.8埃/周期至550℃的1.8埃/周期而且與該等SiH*表面物種的移除有關。使用TDMAS和H2O2的SiO2 ALD對於於>450℃的溫度下進行的SiO2 ALD應該有其價值。
JP2010275602和JP2010225663揭露藉由化學氣相沉積(CVD)程序於300至500℃的溫度範圍下使用原料形成含Si薄膜例如,氧化矽之方法。該原料係下式所示的有機矽化合物:(a)HSi(CH3)(R1)(NR2R3),其中,R1表示NR4R5或
1C-5C烷基;R2和R4各自表示1C-5C烷基或氫原子;而且R3及R5各自表示1C-5C烷基;或(b)HSiCl(NR1R2)(NR3R4),其中R1及R3獨立地表示具有1至4個碳原子的烷基或氫原子;而且R2及R4獨立地表示具有1至4個碳原子的烷基。該等有機矽化合物含有H-Si鍵。
美國專利第5,424,095號描述一種降低工業上水解烴類的期間形成焦碳的速率之方法,反應器的內部表面塗佈著均勻的陶瓷材料層,該層係藉由非烷氧基化有機矽前驅物的熱分解於蒸氣相中,於含有水蒸氣的氣氛中沉積以形成氧化物陶瓷類。
美國公開案第2010/0291321號描述一種用於介電膜與積體電路基板的金屬互連件之間形成高品質碳氮化矽阻障介電膜的PECVD程序,其包含下述步驟:提供具有介電膜或金屬互連件的積體電路基板;使該基板與阻障介電膜前驅物接觸,該阻障介電膜前驅物包含:RxRy(NRR')zSi,其中R、R'、R及R'各自獨立地選自氫、線性或支鏈的飽和或不飽和烷基或芳香族基團;其中x+y+z=4;z=1至3;但是R、R'不能同為氫;而且其中z=1或2,則x和y各自為至少1;於該積體電路基板上形成C/Si比率>0.8而且N/Si比率>0.2的碳氮化矽阻障介電膜。
美國公開案第2013/0295779 A號描述一種於>500℃的沉積溫度下使用具有下式的矽前驅物形成氧化矽膜之原子層沉積(ALD)程序:I. R1R2 mSi(NR3R4)nXp
其中R1、R2及R3係各自獨立地選自氫、線性或支鏈C1至C10烷基及C6至C10芳基;R4係選自線性或支鏈C1至C10烷基及C6至C10芳基、C3至C10烷基矽烷基;其中R3及R4係連接而形成一環狀環結構或R3及R4沒連接而形成一環狀環結構;X係選自由Cl、Br和I所組成的群組之鹵基;m係0至3;n係0至2;而且p係0至2而且m+n+p=3;及II. R1R2 mSi(OR3)n(OR4)qXp其中R1及R2係各自獨立地選自氫、線性或支鏈C1至C10烷基及C6至C10芳基;R3及R4係各自獨立地選自線性或支鏈C1至C10烷基及C6至C10芳基;其中R3及R4係連接而形成一環狀環結構或R3及R4沒連接而形成一環狀環結構;X係選自由Cl、Br和I所組成的群組之鹵基;m係0至3;n係0至2;q係0至2而且p係0至2而且m+n+q+p=3。
美國專利第7,084,076號揭露一種鹵化矽氧烷例如六氯二矽氧烷(HCDSO),其與吡啶當供ALD沉積用的觸媒在500℃以下一起使用以形成二氧化矽。
美國專利第6,992,019號揭示一種觸媒輔助原子層沉積(ALD)方法,其藉由使用由具有至少二矽原子的矽化合物組成的第一反應物組分,或使用三級脂族胺當該觸媒組分,或聯合二者,連同相關的洗淨方法和排列於半導體基板上形成具有優異性質的二氧化矽層。所用的前驅物係六氯二矽烷。沉積溫度係介於25與150℃之間。
因此,仍然需要研發一種具有下述特性中之至少一或多者的氧化矽膜之形成程序:約2.1g/cc或更高的密度、低化學雜質及/或於電漿強化原子層沉積(ALD)程序或類似電漿強化ALD的程序中具有高保形性,該形成程序使用便宜、反應性且更安定的有機胺基矽烷類。除此之外,還需要研發能提供可調膜(tunable film),舉例來說,介於氧化矽至摻碳的氧化矽,的前驅物。
本文描述的是一種於較低溫度,例如,於300℃或更低的一或更多溫度下以電漿強化ALD、電漿強化環狀化學氣相沉積(PECCVD)、類似電漿強化ALD的程序或ALD程序利用氧反應物來源來沉積化學計量或非化學計量氧化矽材料或膜,例如但不限於,氧化矽、摻碳的氧化矽、氧氮化矽膜或摻碳的氧氮化矽膜的程序。
在一態樣中,提供一種將包含矽和氧化物的膜沉積於基板上之方法,其包含下述步驟:a)將基板提供於反應器中;b)將至少一包含具有下述式A的化合物之矽前驅物引進該反應器:R1 nSi(NR2R3)mH4-m-n A
其中R1係獨立地選自線性C1至C6烷基、支鏈C3至C6烷基、C3至C6環狀烷基、C2至C6烯基、C3至C6炔基及C4至C10芳基;其中R2及R3係各自獨立地選自由以
下所組成的群組:氫、C1至C6線性烷基、支鏈C3至C6烷基、C3至C6環狀烷基、C2至C6烯基、C3至C6炔基及C4至C10芳基,其中R2及R3係選自R2及R3連接而形成一環狀環結構和R2及R3沒連成一環狀環結構所組成的群組;n=1、2、3;而且m=1、2;c)利用洗淨氣體洗淨該反應器;d)將含氧來源引進該反應器;及e)利用該洗淨氣體洗淨該反應器;而且其中重複步驟b至e直到沉積出期望厚度的膜為止;而且其中該方法係於介於約25℃至300℃的一或更多溫度下進行。
在各個不同具體實施例中,該含氧來源係選自由以下所組成的群組的來源:氧電漿、水蒸氣、水蒸氣電漿、有或無惰性氣體的氮氧化物(N2O、NO、NO2)電漿、碳氧化物(CO2、CO)電漿及其組合。在某些具體實施例中,該氧來源另外包含惰性氣體。在這些具體實施例中,該惰性氣體係選自由以下所組成的群組:氬、氦、氮、氫及其組合。在一可供選用的具體實施例中,該氧來源不包含惰性氣體。在又另一具體實施例中,該含氧來源包含在電漿條件之下與該等試劑反應以提供氧氮化矽膜的氮。
在一或更多上述具體實施例中,該至少一矽前驅物包含具有上述化學式的單胺基烷基矽烷化合物而且其中n=3及m=1。在一特定具體實施例中,該式中的R1包含C1或甲基。
在一或更多上述具體實施例中,該至少一矽前驅
物包含具有上述化學式的單胺基烷基矽烷化合物而且其中n=2及m=1。在一特定具體實施例中,該式中的R1包含C1或甲基。
在一或更多上述具體實施例中,該至少一矽前驅物包含具有上述化學式的雙胺基烷基矽烷化合物而且其中n=1及m=1。在一特定具體實施例中,該式中的R1包含C1或甲基。
在一或更多上述具體實施例中,該至少一矽前驅物包含具有上述化學式的雙胺基烷基矽烷化合物而且其中n=1及m=2。在一特定具體實施例中,該式中的R1包含C1或甲基。
在一或更多上述具體實施例中,該至少一矽前驅物包含具有以下式B的雙胺基烷基矽烷化合物:R1 nSi(NR2H)mH4-m-n B其中R1係獨立地選自線性C1至C2烷基,R2係選自C1至C6線性烷基、支鏈C3至C6烷基;n=1或2;而且m=2。
在一或更多上述具體實施例中,該洗淨氣體係選自由以下所組成的群組:氮、氦和氬。
在另一態樣中,提供一種將選自氧化矽膜和摻碳的氧化矽膜的膜沉積於基板上之方法,其包含下述步驟:a.將該基板提供於反應器中;b.將至少一矽前驅物引進該反應器,該至少一矽前驅物包含具有下式的化合物:R1 nSi(NR2R3)mH4-m-n
其中R1係獨立地選自線性C1至C2烷基,R2係選自C1至C6線性烷基、支鏈C3至C6烷基;R3係氫;n=1或2;而且m=2;c.利用洗淨氣體洗淨該反應器;d.將含氧來源引進該反應器;及e.利用洗淨氣體洗淨該反應器;而且其中重複步驟b至e直到沉積出期望厚度的膜為止;而且其中該方法係於介於約25℃至300℃的一或更多溫度下進行。
在一或更多上述具體實施例中,該含氧電漿來源係選自由以下所組成的群組:有或無惰性氣體的氧電漿、有或無惰性氣體的水蒸氣電漿、有或無惰性氣體的氮氧化物(N2O、NO、NO2)電漿、有或無惰性氣體的碳氧化物(CO2、CO)電漿及其組合。在某些具體實施例中,該氧來源另外包含惰性氣體。在這些具體實施例中,該惰性氣體係選自由以下所組成的群組:氬、氦、氮、氫或其組合。在一可供選用的具體實施例中,該含氧電漿來源不包含惰性氣體。
在又另一態樣中,提供一種利用氣相沉積程序沉積選自氧化矽膜或摻碳的氧化矽膜的膜之組合物,該組合物包含:具有下述式B的化合物:R1 nSi(NR2H)mH4-m-n B其中R1係獨立地選自線性C1至C2烷基,R2係獨立地選自C1至C6線性烷基及支鏈C3至C6烷基;n=1或2;而且m=2。
在上述組合物之一具體實施例中,該組合物包含
該至少一矽前驅物,其中該前驅物實質上不含選自胺類、鹵化物、較高分子量物種及微量金屬中的至少一者。
圖1顯示如實施例6所述沉積的膜之傅利葉轉換紅外線(FTIR)光譜,其顯示沒有C-H或Si-CH3鍵結的證據。
圖2提供如實施例6所述於100℃下利用二甲基胺基三甲基矽烷(DMATMS)沉積的氧化矽膜對比於熱氧化物之電流對比於電場的關係。
圖3使用下述前驅物雙(二乙基胺基)矽烷(BDEAS)、雙(第二丁基胺基)甲基矽烷(BSBAMS)和雙(二乙基胺基)甲基矽烷(BDEAMS)沉積的膜及表11所提供的製程條件之每一循環的生長性質。
圖4顯示根據表10提供的製程條件於100℃下利用介於0.2至2秒的不同前驅物脈衝輸送時間沉積的BSBAMS和BDEAMS膜之飽和性質。
本文描述的是與利用約300℃或更低或約25℃至約300℃的一或更多溫度形成包含矽和氧化物的化學計量或非化學計量膜或材料例如但不限於氧化矽、摻碳的氧化矽膜、氧氮化矽、摻碳的氧氮化矽膜或其組合有關之方法。本文所述的膜係以沉積程序例如原子層沉積法(ALD)或以類似
ALD的程序,例如但不限於,電漿強化ALD或電漿強化環狀化學氣相沉積程序(CCVD),來沉積。本文所述的低溫沉積(例如,介於約周遭溫度至300℃的一或更多沉積溫度)方法提供能顯示下述優點中的至少一或多者的膜或材料:約2.1g/cc或更高的密度、低化學雜質、電漿強化原子層沉積(ALD)程序或類似電漿強化ALD的程序的高保形性、調整結果產生的膜中的碳含量之能力;及/或於稀HF中測量時膜具有每秒5埃(Å/sec)或更低的蝕刻速率。關於摻碳的氧化矽膜,除了其他特性,例如,但不限於,約1.8g/cc或更高或約2.0g/cc或更高的密度,以外,期望高於1%的碳以將該蝕刻速率調整至低於2Å/sec的值。
在本文所述的方法之一具體實施例中,該方法係經由ALD程序進行,該ALD程序使用包含電漿的含氧來源,其中該電漿能另外包含惰性氣體例如以下一或多者:有或無惰性氣體的氧電漿、有或無惰性氣體的水蒸氣電漿、有或無惰性氣體的氮氧化物(N2O、NO、NO2)電漿、有或無惰性氣體的碳氧化物(CO2、CO)電漿及其組合。在此具體實施例中,該用於將氧化矽膜沉積於基板的至少一表面上之方法包含下述步驟:a.將基板提供於反應器中;b.將具有本文所述的式A或B的至少一矽前驅物引進該反應器;c.利用洗淨氣體洗淨該反應器;d.將包含電漿的含氧來源引進該反應器;及
e.利用洗淨氣體洗淨該反應器。在上述方法中,重複步驟b至e直到於該基板上沉積期望厚度的膜為止。該含氧電漿來源能在原地或選擇性地以遠距產生。在一特定具體實施例中,該含氧來源包含氧而且在在方法步驟b至d的期間與其他試劑例如但不限於,該至少一矽前驅物和任意地惰性氣體一同流動或加入。
在本文所述方法的另一具體實施例中,該方法係用以將摻碳的氧化矽膜沉積於基板的至少一表面上,其包含下述步驟:a.將基板提供於反應器中;b.將具有本文所述的式A或B的至少一矽前驅物引進該反應器;c.利用洗淨氣體洗淨該反應器;d.將含氧來源引進該反應器;e.利用洗淨氣體洗淨該反應器;其中重複步驟b至e直到沉積出期望厚度的摻碳的氧化矽為止;而且其中該程序係於約300℃或更低的一或更多溫度下進行。在各個不同具體實施例中,該含氧來源係選自由以下所組成的群組:臭氧、有或無惰性氣體的氧電漿、有或無惰性氣體的水蒸氣電漿、有或無惰性氣體的氮氧化物(N2O、NO、NO2)電漿、有或無惰性氣體的碳氧化物(CO2、CO)電漿及其組合。在一特定具體實施例中,該含氧來源包含二氧化碳電漿。在各個不同具體實施例中,該含氧來源包含選自由以下所組成的群組的惰性氣體:氬、氦、氮、氫及其組合。
在該含氧來源包含電漿的具體實施例中,該電漿能在原地於該反應器中或以遠距產生而且接著被引進該反應器。在一特定具體實施例中,該含氧來源包含氧而且在在方法步驟b至d的期間與其他試劑例如但不限於,該至少一矽前驅物和任意地惰性氣體一同流動或加入。
在一具體實施例中,本文所述的至少一含矽前驅物係具有下式A的化合物:R1 nSi(NR2R3)mH4-m-n A其中R1係獨立地選自線性C1至C6烷基、支鏈C3至C6烷基、C3至C6環狀烷基、C2至C6烯基、C3至C6炔基及C4至C10芳基;其中R2及R3係各自獨立地選自由以下所組成的群組:氫、C1至C6線性烷基s,支鏈C3至C6烷基、C3至C6環狀烷基、C2至C6烯基、C3至C6炔基及C4至C10芳基;而且其中R2及R3係連接而形成一環狀環結構或R2及R3沒連接而形成一環狀環結構;n=1、2、3;而且m=1、2。在式A之一特定具體實施例中,取代基R1係獨立地選自線性C1至C2烷基,R2係選自C1至C6線性烷基、支鏈C3至C6烷基;R3係氫;n=1或2;而且m=2。
在另一具體實施例中,該至少一矽前驅物包含具有以下式B的雙胺基烷基矽烷化合物:R1 nSi(NR2H)mH4-m-n B其中R1係獨立地選自線性C1至C2烷基,R2係選自C1至C6線性烷基、支鏈C3至C6烷基;n=1或2;而且m=2。
在一或更多具體實施例中,該至少一矽前驅物包
含具有上述化學式而且其中n=3和m=1的單胺基烷基矽烷化合物。在一特定具體實施例中,該式中的R1包含C1線性烷基或甲基。將其他的示範前驅物列示於表1中所列的下述化合物。
在一或更多具體實施例中,該至少一矽前驅物包含具有上述化學式而且其中n=2而且m=1的單胺基烷基矽烷化合物。在一特定具體實施例中,該式中的R1包含C1線性烷基或甲基。將其他的示範前驅物列示於以下表2中:
在一或更多具體實施例中,該至少一矽前驅物包含具有本文所述的式A而且其中n=1而且m=1的化合物。在一特定具體實施例中,該式中的R1包含C1線性烷基或甲基。將其他的示範前驅物列示於以下表3中:
在一或更多具體實施例中,該至少一矽前驅物包含具有本文所述的式A或B而且其中n=1而且m=2的雙胺基烷基矽烷化合物。在一特定具體實施例中,該式中的R1包含
C1線性烷基或甲基。將其他具有式A而且其中n=1且m=2的(包括但不限於)示範前驅物列示於以下表4中:
在一或更多具體實施例中,該至少一矽前驅物包含具有本文所述的式A或B而且其中n=2而且m=2的雙胺基烷基矽烷化合物。在一特定具體實施例中,該式中的R1包含C1線性烷基或甲基。將其他具有式A而且其中n=2且m=2的(包括但不限於)示範前驅物列示於以下表5中:
在以上化學式及整個說明中,該措辭“烷基”表示具有1至6個碳原子的線性或支鏈官能基。示範線性烷基包括,但不限於,甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基及己基。示
範支鏈烷基包括,但不限於,異丙基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、異戊基、第三戊基、異己基及新己基。在某些具體實施例中,該烷基可能有一或更多接附於彼的官能基例如,但不限於,烷氧基、二烷基胺基或其組合。在其他具體實施例中,該烷基沒有一或更多接附於彼的官能基。該烷基可能是飽和,或,選擇性地,不飽和。
在以上化學式及整個說明中,該措辭“環狀烷基”表示具有4至10個碳原子的環狀官能基。示範環狀烷基包括,但不限於,環丁基、環戊基、環己基和環辛基。
在以上化學式及整個說明中,該措辭“烯基”表示具有一或更多碳-碳雙鍵而且具有2至10或2至6個碳原子的基團。
在以上化學式及整個說明中,該措辭“炔基”表示具有一或更多碳-碳叁鍵而且具有3至10或2至10或2至6個碳原子的基團。
在以上化學式及整個說明中,該措辭“芳基”表示具有4至10個碳原子、5至10個碳原子或6至10個碳原子的芳香族環狀官能基。示範芳基包括,但不限於,苯基、苯甲基、氯苯甲基、甲苯基、鄰-二甲苯基、1,2,3-三唑基、吡咯基及呋喃甲基。
在以上化學式及整個說明中,該措辭“胺基”表示具有1至10個碳原子而且衍生自具有式HNR2R3的有機胺類之有機胺基。示範胺基包括,但不限於,衍生自二級胺類的二級胺基例如二甲基胺基(Me2N-)、二乙基胺基(Et2N-)、二異
丙基胺基(iPr2N-);衍生自一級胺類的一級胺基例如甲基胺基(MeNH-)、乙基胺基(EtNH-)、異丙基胺基(iPrNH-)、第二丁基胺基(sBuNH-)、第三丁基胺基(tBuNH-)。
在某些具體實施例中,該式中的取代基R2及R3能連在一起而形成一環結構。技巧純熟者將會明了,R2及R3係連接而形成一環而且R2常包括用於連於R3的鍵而且反之亦然。在這些具體實施例中,該環結構可能是飽和的例如,舉例來說,環狀烷基環,或不飽和的,舉例來說,芳基環。再者,在這些具體實施例中,該環結構也可能是以一或更多原子或基團予以取代或未經取代。示範環狀環基團包括,但不限於,吡咯啶基、六氫吡啶基及2,6-二甲基六氫吡啶基。在其他具體實施例中,然而,取代基R2及R3沒連接而形成一環結構。
在某些具體實施例中,使用本文所述的方法沉積的氧化矽或摻碳的氧化矽膜係於含氧來源存在之下形成,該含氧來源包含臭氧、水(H2O)(例如,去離子水、純水及/或蒸餾水)、氧(O2)、氧電漿、NO、N2O、NO2、一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化碳(CO2)及其組合。使該含氧來源藉著原地或遠距的方式通過電漿產生器以提供包含氧的含氧電漿來源例如氧電漿、包含氧和氬的電漿、包含氧和氦的電漿、臭氧電漿、水電漿、一氧化氮電漿或二氧化碳電漿。在某些具體實施例中,該含氧電漿來源包含於介於約1至約2000標準立方釐米(sccm)或約1至約1000sccm的流速下被引進該反應器的氧來源氣體。該含氧電漿來源能引進經歷介於約0.1至約100秒的
時間。在一特定具體實施例中,該含氧電漿來源包含具有10℃或更高溫度的水。在藉由PEALD或電漿強化循環CVD程序沉積該膜的多數具體實施例中,該前驅物脈衝輸送可具有大於0.01秒的脈衝輸送時期,而且該含氧電漿來源可具有小於0.01秒的脈衝輸送時期。
本文所揭露的沉積方法可能涉及一或更多洗淨氣體。該洗淨氣體,其係用以洗掉沒消耗的反應物及/或反應副產物,係不會與該等前驅物反應的惰性氣體。示範洗淨氣體包括,但不限於,氬(Ar)、氪(Kr)、氙(Xe)、氮(N2)、氦(He)、氖、氫(H2)及其混合物。在某些具體實施例中,洗淨氣體例如Ar係於介於約10至約2000sccm的流速下供入該反應器經歷約0.1至1000秒,藉以洗淨該未反應的材料和可能留在該反應器中的任何副產物。
供應該等前驅物、氧來源及/或其他前驅物、來源氣體及/或試劑的分別步驟可藉由變化供應彼等的時間來進行以改變結果產生的介電膜的化學計量組成。
把能量施加於該矽前驅物、含氮來源或其組合中的至少其一以引發反應並且將該介電膜或塗層形成於該基材上。此能量可藉由,但不限於,熱、電漿、脈衝輸送電漿、螺旋電漿、高密度電漿、誘導耦合電漿、X-射線、電子束、光子、遠距電漿方法及其組合,來提供。在某些具體實施例中,二次射頻頻率來源能用以變更該基板表面處的電漿特徵。在該沉積涉及電漿的具體實施例中,該電漿產生的程序可能包含該電漿直接在該反應器中產生的直接電漿產生程
序,或選擇性地,電漿在該反應器外部產生並且供應至該反應器內的遠距電漿產生程序。
該至少一矽前驅物可依各式各樣的方式輸送給該反應艙,例如電漿強化循環CVD或PEALD反應器或批式熔爐型反應器。在一具體實施例中,可利用液體輸送系統。在一可供選用的具體實施例中,可運用合併液體輸送和閃蒸的處理單元,例如,舉例來說,明尼蘇達州,肖爾維市的MSP股份有限公司製造的渦輪汽化器,以使低揮發性材料能依體積輸送,導致可再現的輸送和沉積而不會使該前驅物熱分解。在液體輸送配方中,本文所述的前驅物可以純液體形式輸送,或選擇性地,可依溶劑配方或其組合物方式運用。因此,在某些具體實施例中,該等前驅物配方可包括可能期望的適合特性和在特定最終用途應用中有優點的溶劑組分以於基板上形成膜。
關於在包含溶劑及本文所述的至少一矽前驅物之組合物中使用該至少一矽前驅物的那些具體實施例中,所挑選的溶劑或其混合物不會與該矽前驅物起反應。在該組合物中以重量百分比計的溶劑量介於0.5重量%至99.5%或10重量%至75%。在各個不同具體實施例中,該溶劑具有類似於該至少一矽前驅物的沸點之沸點(b.p.)或介於該溶劑的沸點與該至少一矽前驅物的沸點之間的差異係40℃或更低,30℃或更低,或20℃或更低,或10℃或更低。或者,該等沸點之間的差異介於以下端點之任一或更多者:0、10、20、30或40℃。沸點差異的適合範圍的實例包括,但不限於,0至40℃、
20°至30℃或10°至30℃。該等組合物中的適合溶劑的實例包括,但不限於,醚(例如1,4-二噁烷、二丁基醚)、三級胺(例如吡啶、1-甲基六氫吡啶、1-乙基六氫吡啶、N,N'-二甲基六氫吡嗪、N,N,N',N'-四甲基伸乙二胺)、腈(例如苯甲腈)、烷(例如辛烷、壬烷、十二烷、乙基環己烷)、芳香族烴(例如甲苯、均三甲苯)、三級胺基醚(例如雙(2-二甲基胺基乙基)醚)或其混合物。
如先前提及的,該至少一矽前驅物的純度水準高到足以為可靠的半導體製造所接受。在某些具體實施例中,本文所述的至少一矽前驅物包含低於2重量%,或低於1重量%,或低於0.5重量%的下述雜質中的一或多者:游離胺類、游離鹵化物或鹵離子及較高分子量物種。透過下述程序能獲得較高純度水準的本文所述的矽前驅物:純化、吸附及/或蒸餾。
在本文所述的方法之一具體實施例中,可應用電漿強化循環沉積程序例如類似PEALD或PEALD,其中該沉積係利用該至少一矽前驅物和氧來源來進行。該類似PEALD的程序被定義成一電漿強化循環CVD程序但是仍能提供高保形性氧化矽膜。
在某些具體實施例中,從該等前驅物藥罐連至該反應艙的氣體管道係依據製程要求加熱至一或更多溫度而且該至少一矽前驅物的容器係維持於能供起泡的一或更多溫度。在其他具體實施例中,把包含該至少一矽前驅物之溶液注入保持於一或更多供直接液體注射用的溫度下之汽化器。
氬及/或其他氣體流皆可當成載送氣體運用以協助在該前驅物脈衝輸送的期間將該至少一矽前驅物的蒸氣輸送至該反應艙。在某些具體實施例中,該反應艙程序壓力係約50毫托耳至10托耳。在其他具體實施例中,該反應艙程序壓力可能達於760托耳。
在典型的PEALD或類似PEALD程序例如PECCVD程序中,在最初暴露於該矽前驅物的反應艙之加熱器段上加熱基板例如氧化矽基板以使該複合物以化學方式吸附於該基板表面上。
洗淨氣體例如氬從該加工艙洗掉沒被吸附的過量複合物。經過充分洗淨以後,氧來源可被引進反應艙以與被吸附的表面反應,緊接著另一氣體洗淨以從該艙移除反應副產物。此加工周期能重複進行以達成期望的膜厚度。在某些案例中,抽排能代替以惰性氣體洗淨或同時運用二者以移除未反應的矽前驅物。
在各個不同具體實施例中,咸了解本文所述的方法的步驟可依照多變的順序進行,可依序地或同時地進行(例如,於另一步驟的至少一部分的期間),及依其任何組合進行。供應該等前驅物和該等來源氣體的分別步驟可藉由變化供應彼等的時間來進行以改變結果產生的介電膜的化學計量組成。而且,等到前驅物或氧化劑步驟之後的洗淨時間可能極小化至<0.1秒以便改善生產量。
將高品質氧化矽膜沉積於基板上之本文所揭示的方法之一特定具體實施例包含下述步驟:
a.將基板提供於反應器中;b.將至少一具有本文所述的式A或B的矽前驅物引進該反應器;c.利用洗淨氣體洗淨該反應器以移除至少一部分未被吸附的前驅物;d.將含氧電漿來源引進該反應器;及e.利用洗淨氣體洗淨該反應器以移除至少一部分未反應的氧來源,其中重複步驟b至e直到沉積出期望厚度的氧化矽膜。
本文揭露的又另一方法使用單胺基烷基矽烷化合物或雙胺基烷基矽烷化合物及氧來源形成摻碳的氧化矽膜。
將又另一示範程序描述如下:a.將基板提供於反應器中;b.使由具有本文所述的式A或B的單胺基烷基矽烷化合物或雙胺基烷基矽烷化合物產生的蒸氣藉著或沒藉著共流(co-flowing)與氧來源接觸以使該等前驅物化學吸附於該熱基板;c.洗掉任何未被吸附的前驅物;d.將氧來源引至該熱基板上而與該等被吸附的前驅物反應;及,e.洗掉任何未反應的氧來源;其中重複步驟b至e直到達成期望的厚度為止。
不同的工業用ALD反應器例如單晶圓、半分批、
批式熔爐或捲軸式(roll to roll)反應器皆能用於沉積固態氧化矽或摻碳的氧化矽。
本文所述的方法之製程溫度使用下述溫度中的一或多者當成端點:0、25、50、75、100、125、150、175、200、225、250、275和300℃。示範溫度範圍包括,但不限於下述者:約0℃至約300℃;或約25℃至約300℃;或約50℃至約290℃;或約25℃至約250℃;或約25℃至約200℃。
如先前提及的,本文所述的方法可用以將含矽膜沉積於至少一部分基板上。適合基板的實例包括但不限於,矽、SiO2、Si3N4、OSG、FSG、碳化矽、氫化碳化矽、氮化矽、氫化氮化矽、碳氮化矽、鹵化碳氮化矽、硼氮化物、抗反射塗層、光阻劑、鍺、含鍺、含硼、Ga/As、撓性基材、有機聚合物、多孔性有機和無機材料、金屬類例如銅和鋁,及擴散阻障層例如但不限於TiN、Ti(C)N、TaN、Ta(C)N、Ta、W或WN。該等膜與多變的後續處理步驟例如,舉例來說,化學機械平坦化(CMP)和各向異性蝕刻製程皆相容。
所沉積的膜具有多數應用,其包括,但不限於,電腦晶片、光學裝置、磁性資料儲存、於支撐材料或基材上的塗層、微電機系統(MEMS)、奈米電機系統、薄膜電晶體(TFT)、發光二極體(LED)、有機發光二極體(OLED)、IGZO及液晶顯示器(LCD)。結果產生的氧化矽或摻碳的氧化矽的潛在可能應用包括,但不限於,淺溝絕緣層、層間介電質、鈍化層、蝕刻阻擋層、雙重間隔物的零件及用於圖案化的犧牲
層(sacrificial layer)。
本文所述的方法提供高品質氧化矽或摻碳的氧化矽膜。該措辭“高品質”意指顯示下述特性中的一或多者的膜:約2.1g/cc或更高的密度;於1:100稀HF(dHF)酸的溶液中測量時低於<2.5Å/s的濕式蝕刻速率;約1或更低e-8A/cm2上達6MV/cm的漏電量;藉由SIMS測量時約5e20 at/cc或更少的氫雜質;及其組合。關於該蝕刻速率,熱長成的氧化矽膜於1:100dHF具有0.5Å/s的蝕刻速率。
在某些具體實施例中,具有本文所述的式A和B的矽前驅物能用以形成是固態而且非多孔性或實質上不含細孔的氧化矽膜。
以下的實施例舉例說明用於沉積本文所述的氧化矽膜之方法而且無意依任何方式限制彼。
除非另行指明,否則在以下實施例中所有電漿強化ALD(PEALD)沉積皆仰賴藉著使電漿之間保持3.5毫米(mm)固定間隔而具備27.1MHz直接電漿性能的商業型側流反應器(lateral flow reactor)(由ASM International製備的300mm PEALD設備)進行。該設計利用具有獨立壓力設定的外艙和內艙。該內艙係於歧管中混合所有反應物氣體(例如矽前驅物、Ar)並且將其運送至製程反應器的沉積反應器。氬(Ar)氣係用以保持該外艙中的反應器壓力。所有前驅物皆為液體,其係保持於室溫下放在不銹鋼起泡器中並且以典型調設於200標
準立方釐米(sccm)流量的Ar載送氣體運送至該艙。經過最初一或二回之後稱取前驅物起泡器的重量而且消耗量係為約每回1.6至2.1克(g)或約每回0.01莫耳(mol)。
此研究時記載的所有沉積皆在8至12Ohm-cm的含矽(Si)的自然氧化物基板上完成。用Rudolph FOCUS Ellipsometer FE-IVD(旋轉補償片式橢圓測厚儀(Rotating Compensator Ellipsometer))來測量膜厚度及折射率(RI)。所引用的厚度不均勻度%係由下述公式計算出來:((最大厚度-最小厚度)/2*平均厚度))*100。所有密度測量皆利用X-射線反射率(XRR)來進行。XRR係於所有樣品上使用低解析度光學裝置來進行。所有樣品皆利用0.001°的步階值(step size)和1秒/步階的計數時間掃描經過此範圍0.2002θ0.650°。數據將該基板定義為Si利用單層或多層模型來分析。該等氧化矽層的質量密度係利用SiO2當成化學組成來計算。AFM係利用界接於Nanoscope IIIa控制器的Digital Instruments Dimension 3000來進行。所有測量結果皆以間歇接觸式(tapping mode)(0.6至0.75Hz掃描速率)藉由單懸臂蝕刻矽SPM探針(Bruker,NCHV)獲得。應用的掃描面積是2.5μm x 2.5μm。捕捉多數形貌影像以了解表面形態學的差異並且計算表面粗糙度。
濕式蝕刻速率(WER)係利用49%氫氟酸(HF)於去離子水中的1%溶液。拿熱氧化物晶圓當成各批次的參考物使用以確認溶液濃度。關於1:99 dHF水溶液的典型熱氧化物晶圓濕式蝕刻速率係0.5Å/s。蝕刻前後的膜厚度係用以計算
濕式蝕刻速率。保形性研究係於使用矽承載晶圓於100℃沉積於圖案化矽晶圓上的氧化矽膜上完成。該沉積於基板上的膜係利用場致發射掃描式電子顯微術(FESEM)Hitachi SU 8010 FESEM來測量。樣品係安裝於截面固持件中並且利用於2kV加速電壓下運轉的SEM檢查。於凹溝的頂部、側壁和底部進行樣品截面的氧化矽厚度測量。
經由加料漏斗在1小時之內將二氯甲基矽烷(110g,0.956mol)加於己烷(200mL)中的溶液逐滴加於第二丁基胺(308g,4.21mol)於己烷類(1.5L)中的攪拌溶液。將結果產生的白色漿料暖化至室溫並且使其攪拌過夜。藉由真空過濾在玻璃熔塊上面移除固體並且利用己烷類清洗兩次。於1大氣壓(atm)下將合併的濾液蒸餾以移除大部分溶劑及過量的胺。接著藉由真空蒸餾(92℃/30托耳)將粗製產物純化而獲得111g的雙(第二丁基胺基)甲基矽烷(沸點=192℃,氣體層析-質譜(GC-MS)峰:188(M+)、173(M-15)、159、143、129、114、100、86、72)。將約2.0g的雙(第二丁基胺基)甲基矽烷填入氮氣手套箱中的3個不銹鋼管各者當中。將該等管子密封並且放在60℃的烘箱中經過4天。分析樣品顯示0.046%的化驗重量下滑,證實雙(第二丁基胺基)甲基矽烷具有安定性而且有可能能當成工業用的氣相沉積程序的前驅物使用。
經由加料漏斗在1小時之內將二氯甲基矽烷(109
g,0.0.948mol)加於己烷(200mL)中的溶液逐滴加於異丙基胺(243g,4.11mol)於己烷類(1.5L)中的攪拌溶液。將結果產生的白色漿料暖化至室溫並且使其攪拌過夜。藉由真空過濾在玻璃熔塊上面移除固體並且利用己烷類清洗兩次。於1大氣壓(atm)下將合併的濾液蒸餾以移除大部分溶劑及過量的胺。接著藉由真空蒸餾(70℃/53托耳)將粗製產物純化而產生93g的雙(異丙基胺基)甲基矽烷(沸點=150℃;GC-MS峰:160(M+)、145(M-15)、129、117、100、86、72)。將約1.5g的雙(異丙基胺基)甲基矽烷填入氮氣手套箱中的2個不銹鋼管各者當中。將該等管子密封並且放在80℃的烘箱中經過3天。分析樣品顯示下滑約0.14%的化驗結果,證實雙(異丙基胺基)甲基矽烷具有安定性而且有可能能當成工業用的氣相沉積程序的前驅物使用。
經由加料漏斗在1小時之內將二氯甲基矽烷(100g,0.869mol)加於己烷(200mL)中的溶液逐滴加於二乙基胺(280g,3.83mol)於己烷類(1.5L)中的攪拌溶液。將結果產生的白色漿料暖化至室溫並且使其攪拌過夜。藉由真空過濾在玻璃熔塊上面移除固體並且利用己烷類清洗兩次。於1大氣壓(atm)下將合併的濾液蒸餾以移除大部分溶劑及過量的胺。接著藉由真空蒸餾(78℃/16托耳)將粗製產物純化而產生103g的雙(二乙基胺基)甲基矽烷(沸點=189℃;GC-MS峰:188(M+)、173(M-15)、159、145、129、116、102、87、72)。
以BDEAS當成Si前驅物(其沒有任何Si-Me基團)及O2電漿在表6提供的參數之下完成沉積。藉由氬(Ar)當成載送氣體將BDEAS運送至該反應器中。
重複步驟b至e 500次以得到度量衡學的期望厚度的氧化矽膜。關於BDEAS用於前驅物脈衝輸送1秒,每一循環的生長量係為1.25埃/周期。膜折射率(RI)係為1.46。使用相同製程條件但是沒用氧電漿沒觀察到沉積,證實被吸附的前驅物與氧之間沒有發生反應。
藉由蒸氣吸入(vapor draw)於周遭溫度(25℃)下將該含矽前驅物二甲基胺基三甲基矽烷(DMATMS)運送至反應器中。給該容器裝備直徑為0.005”的孔口以限制前驅物流量。除了該Si前驅物脈衝輸送介於0.4至4秒以外,該等製程參數與表6中的參數類似。就不同前驅物脈衝輸送時間(介於0.5至4秒)測量膜生長速率係為0.8埃/周期左右,確認有自限性ALD生長性質。此實施例顯示可實行的膜係藉由PEALD利用DMATMS前驅物製造出來。DMATMS具有比BDEAS更低的沸點及更高的蒸氣壓,使其更易於運送。
藉由蒸氣吸入於周遭溫度(25℃)下運送該含矽前驅物二甲基胺基三甲基矽烷(DMATMS)。給該容器裝備直徑為0.005”的孔口以限制前驅物流量。表7提供沉積步驟及製程參數。
將結果產生的膜性質列於表8中。該沉積膜的折射率(RI)及厚度利用該膜的橢圓測厚儀來測量。膜結構及組成利用FTIR和XPS來分析,而密度利用X-射線反射率(XRR)來測量。如表8舉例說明的,獲得高品質氧化矽膜。獲得低
WER(熱SiO2的WER在類似條件之下係0.43Å/s)。圖1和2分別提供實施例6沉積的膜之FTIR光譜及洩漏特性。
表7中提供的製程參數與5秒的Si前驅物脈衝輸送和介於425至800W的電漿功率和8秒的電漿時間類似。所有沉積膜皆具有高密度及低WER;低表面粗糙度(於儀器雜訊水準)及低SIMS雜質含量。於室溫下沉積的膜顯示稍高的SIMS碳含量。關於所有這些膜每一循環的生長率(GPC)係為約0.8埃/周期。當藉著2秒前驅物脈衝輸送代替步驟b的5秒前驅物脈衝輸送重複該實驗時該GPC並沒有改變。表9A彙總結果產生的氧化矽膜性質而且表9B彙總SIMS結果。
一系列的氧化矽膜係利用BDEAS前驅物使用表10提供的程序步驟和100sccm的連續氧化劑流量來沉積。表11提供4種不同的PEALD程序。程序編號1和2是分別利用於室溫(例如,約25℃)及於100℃的基板而列於表10的記錄程序(POR)方法。程序編號3和4是POR方法的變化例但是於100℃的基板溫度下進行,可是使用不同的前驅物脈衝輸送時間和電漿功率。將結果產生的膜特徵化發現其厚度、每一循環生長量、不均勻度(%)、折射率、濕式蝕刻速率(WER)及利用AFM儀器測量而以奈米表示的均方根表面粗糙度(RMS)。將該4個沉積的特徵化結果彙總於表12。
參照表12,該等BDEAS沉積膜具有良好的GPC(>1埃/周期)、優良的均勻度(<1%不均勻度)、良好的密度(>2.1g/cc)及低RMS粗糙度(於0.2mm的AFM儀器偵測極限下)。該等膜適用於低溫高品質氧化物應用。
一系列的SiO2膜係利用BDEAMS前驅物來沉積。將用以沉積該等SiO2膜的記錄程序(POR)方法步驟列於表11。該方法使用100sccm的連續氧化劑流量。同樣地在表12中,進行四個不同PEALD程序。將該4個沉積的結果彙總
於表13。獲得的膜具有良好的GPC(1埃/周期),及良好的均勻度(<2%不均勻度)。該等膜適用於低溫高品質氧化物應用。
一系列的氧化矽膜係利用BSBAMS前驅物來沉積。將用以沉積該等氧化矽膜的記錄程序(POR)方法步驟列於表11。同樣地在表12中,進行四個不同PEALD程序。將該4個沉積的結果彙總於表14。獲得的膜具有良好的GPC(1埃/周期)、優良的均勻度(<1%不均勻度)、良好的密度(>2.1g/cc)及低RMS粗糙度(於0.2nm的AFM儀器偵測極限)。該等膜適用於低溫高品質氧化物應用。如圖3所示,具有二N-H基團的BSBAMS在所有製程條件之下具有比BDEAMS更高許多的GPC,暗示就矽原子具有類似環境,亦即二Si-N鍵、一Si-Me鍵及一Si-H鍵,的矽前驅物而言一級胺基的反應性比二級胺基更高。
利用BDEAS前驅物使用表12的程序2將氧化矽膜沉積於空白Si試樣及圖案化Si試樣上。獲得的BDEAS膜具有良好的GPC(1.31埃/周期)。該膜的保形性非常良好,而且沿著1:20的深寬比結構上的頂部、側壁和底部的厚度測量結果分別為121、127和127nm。
利用BSBAMS前驅物使用表12的程序2將氧化矽膜沉積於空白Si試樣及圖案化Si試樣上。獲得的BSBAMS膜具有良好的GPC(1.27埃/周期)。該膜的保形性非常良好,而且沿著1:20的深寬比結構上的頂部、側壁和底部的厚度測量結果分別為119、123和111nm。
Claims (3)
- 一種沉積選自氧化矽膜或摻碳的氧化矽膜的矽前驅物,該矽前驅物包含雙(第二丁基胺基)二甲基矽烷。
- 一種沉積於一基板上之選自氧化矽膜和摻碳的氧化矽膜,該膜係藉由包含下述步驟的方法所製備:a.將該基板提供於反應器中;b.將至少一矽前驅物引進該反應器,該至少一矽前驅物包含雙(第二丁基胺基)甲基矽烷;c.利用洗淨氣體洗淨該反應器;d.將含氧來源引進該反應器;及e.利用洗淨氣體洗淨該反應器;而且其中重複步驟b至e直到沉積出期望厚度的膜為止;而且其中該方法係於介於約25℃至300℃的一或更多溫度下進行。
- 一種沉積於一基板上之選自氧化矽膜和摻碳的氧化矽膜,該膜係藉由包含下述步驟的方法所製備:a.將該基板提供於反應器中;b.將至少一矽前驅物引進該反應器,該至少一矽前驅物包含雙(第二丁基胺基)二甲基矽烷;c.利用洗淨氣體洗淨該反應器;d.將含氧來源引進該反應器;及e.利用洗淨氣體洗淨該反應器;而且其中重複步驟b至e直到沉積出期望厚度的膜為止;而且其中該方法係於介於約25℃至300℃的一或更多溫度下進 行。
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TW104109250A TWI557259B (zh) | 2014-03-26 | 2015-03-23 | 用於沉積氧化矽膜的組合物及方法 |
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EP (1) | EP2924143B1 (zh) |
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CN (2) | CN104962877A (zh) |
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- 2015-03-24 SG SG10201502280PA patent/SG10201502280PA/en unknown
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TW201202466A (en) * | 2010-06-02 | 2012-01-16 | Air Prod & Chem | Organoaminosilane precursors and methods for depositing films comprising same |
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TWI557259B (zh) | 2016-11-11 |
EP2924143B1 (en) | 2024-08-28 |
SG10201502280PA (en) | 2015-10-29 |
KR20150111874A (ko) | 2015-10-06 |
TW201708593A (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
CN104962877A (zh) | 2015-10-07 |
JP2015188087A (ja) | 2015-10-29 |
TW201536946A (zh) | 2015-10-01 |
US20150275355A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 |
KR20180069769A (ko) | 2018-06-25 |
EP2924143A1 (en) | 2015-09-30 |
KR102242461B1 (ko) | 2021-04-19 |
KR20170106272A (ko) | 2017-09-20 |
CN113088927A (zh) | 2021-07-09 |
JP6219870B2 (ja) | 2017-10-25 |
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