TWI375709B - - Google Patents

Download PDF

Info

Publication number
TWI375709B
TWI375709B TW095148545A TW95148545A TWI375709B TW I375709 B TWI375709 B TW I375709B TW 095148545 A TW095148545 A TW 095148545A TW 95148545 A TW95148545 A TW 95148545A TW I375709 B TWI375709 B TW I375709B
Authority
TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
circuit
particles
conductive particles
insulating
connecting material
Prior art date
Application number
TW095148545A
Other languages
English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
TW200728430A (en
Inventor
Takashi Tatsuzawa
Kouji Kobayashi
Tohru Fujinawa
Naoki Fukushima
Original Assignee
Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd
Publication of TW200728430A publication Critical patent/TW200728430A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of TWI375709B publication Critical patent/TWI375709B/zh

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/30Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistors
    • H05K3/32Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistors electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
    • H05K3/321Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistors electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by conductive adhesives
    • H05K3/323Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistors electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by conductive adhesives by applying an anisotropic conductive adhesive layer over an array of pads
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J11/00Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
    • C09J11/02Non-macromolecular additives
    • C09J11/04Non-macromolecular additives inorganic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J9/00Adhesives characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced, e.g. glue sticks
    • C09J9/02Electrically-conducting adhesives
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/22Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02Elements
    • C08K3/04Carbon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02Elements
    • C08K3/08Metals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/02Fillers; Particles; Fibers; Reinforcement materials
    • H05K2201/0203Fillers and particles
    • H05K2201/0206Materials
    • H05K2201/0209Inorganic, non-metallic particles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10WGENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W72/00Interconnections or connectors in packages
    • H10W72/071Connecting or disconnecting
    • H10W72/073Connecting or disconnecting of die-attach connectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10WGENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W72/00Interconnections or connectors in packages
    • H10W72/071Connecting or disconnecting
    • H10W72/073Connecting or disconnecting of die-attach connectors
    • H10W72/07331Connecting techniques
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10WGENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W72/00Interconnections or connectors in packages
    • H10W72/30Die-attach connectors
    • H10W72/321Structures or relative sizes of die-attach connectors
    • H10W72/325Die-attach connectors having a filler embedded in a matrix
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10WGENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W72/00Interconnections or connectors in packages
    • H10W72/30Die-attach connectors
    • H10W72/351Materials of die-attach connectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10WGENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W72/00Interconnections or connectors in packages
    • H10W72/30Die-attach connectors
    • H10W72/351Materials of die-attach connectors
    • H10W72/352Materials of die-attach connectors comprising metals or metalloids, e.g. solders
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10WGENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W72/00Interconnections or connectors in packages
    • H10W72/30Die-attach connectors
    • H10W72/351Materials of die-attach connectors
    • H10W72/353Materials of die-attach connectors not comprising solid metals or solid metalloids, e.g. ceramics
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10WGENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W72/00Interconnections or connectors in packages
    • H10W72/30Die-attach connectors
    • H10W72/351Materials of die-attach connectors
    • H10W72/353Materials of die-attach connectors not comprising solid metals or solid metalloids, e.g. ceramics
    • H10W72/354Materials of die-attach connectors not comprising solid metals or solid metalloids, e.g. ceramics comprising polymers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10WGENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W90/00Package configurations
    • H10W90/701Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts
    • H10W90/731Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of die-attach connectors
    • H10W90/734Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of die-attach connectors between a chip and a stacked insulating package substrate, interposer or RDL

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Wire Bonding (AREA)
  • Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
  • Non-Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Combinations Of Printed Boards (AREA)
  • Electric Connection Of Electric Components To Printed Circuits (AREA)
TW095148545A 2005-12-26 2006-12-22 Adhesive composition, circuit connecting material and connecting structure of a circuit member TW200728430A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2005373042 2005-12-26
JP2006213230 2006-08-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
TW200728430A TW200728430A (en) 2007-08-01
TWI375709B true TWI375709B (https=) 2012-11-01

Family

ID=38217873

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
TW100117777A TW201132736A (en) 2005-12-26 2006-12-22 Adhesive composition, circuit connecting material and connecting structure of circuit member
TW099135570A TW201114878A (en) 2005-12-26 2006-12-22 Adhesive composition, circuit connecting material and connecting structure of circuit member
TW099135569A TW201114877A (en) 2005-12-26 2006-12-22 Adhesive composition, circuit connecting material and connecting structure of circuit member
TW095148545A TW200728430A (en) 2005-12-26 2006-12-22 Adhesive composition, circuit connecting material and connecting structure of a circuit member

Family Applications Before (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
TW100117777A TW201132736A (en) 2005-12-26 2006-12-22 Adhesive composition, circuit connecting material and connecting structure of circuit member
TW099135570A TW201114878A (en) 2005-12-26 2006-12-22 Adhesive composition, circuit connecting material and connecting structure of circuit member
TW099135569A TW201114877A (en) 2005-12-26 2006-12-22 Adhesive composition, circuit connecting material and connecting structure of circuit member

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20120085579A1 (https=)
EP (3) EP1967564A4 (https=)
JP (3) JPWO2007074652A1 (https=)
KR (3) KR20110036777A (https=)
CN (5) CN101346449B (https=)
TW (4) TW201132736A (https=)
WO (1) WO2007074652A1 (https=)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI663957B (zh) * 2016-05-09 2019-07-01 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. 生物體電極及其製造方法
TWI702033B (zh) * 2016-03-03 2020-08-21 日商信越化學工業股份有限公司 生物體電極及其製造方法

Families Citing this family (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102206480A (zh) * 2007-10-02 2011-10-05 日立化成工业株式会社 连接材料作为电路连接材料的应用
US20100221533A1 (en) * 2007-10-15 2010-09-02 Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. Circuit connecting adhesive film and circuit connecting structure
WO2009057376A1 (ja) * 2007-10-29 2009-05-07 Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. 回路接続材料、接続構造体及びその製造方法
JP5140816B2 (ja) * 2009-03-31 2013-02-13 デクセリアルズ株式会社 接合体及びその製造方法
US8319339B2 (en) * 2009-07-10 2012-11-27 Stmicroelectronics (Tours) Sas Surface-mounted silicon chip
KR101162890B1 (ko) * 2010-03-17 2012-07-05 세키스이가가쿠 고교가부시키가이샤 도전성 입자, 도전성 입자의 제조 방법, 이방성 도전 재료 및 접속 구조체
US9412717B2 (en) * 2011-11-04 2016-08-09 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. Apparatus and methods for molded underfills in flip chip packaging
JP5972564B2 (ja) * 2011-12-14 2016-08-17 デクセリアルズ株式会社 接続方法、接続構造体、異方性導電フィルム及びその製造方法
JP5936882B2 (ja) * 2012-03-02 2016-06-22 デクセリアルズ株式会社 回路接続材料、及びそれを用いた実装体の製造方法
JP5749680B2 (ja) * 2012-04-26 2015-07-15 信越化学工業株式会社 ペリクル
CN103294248B (zh) * 2012-08-17 2016-04-20 上海天马微电子有限公司 触控液晶显示装置的电连接结构
US20150181702A1 (en) * 2013-03-05 2015-06-25 Eastman Kodak Company Micro-wire connection pad
KR101568659B1 (ko) * 2013-03-29 2015-11-12 제일모직주식회사 도전성 접착층을 포함하는 이방 도전성 필름 및 상기 필름에 의해 접속된 반도체 장치
JP6069153B2 (ja) * 2013-09-27 2017-02-01 デクセリアルズ株式会社 アンダーフィル材、及びこれを用いた半導体装置の製造方法
TWI508258B (zh) * 2013-12-19 2015-11-11 矽品精密工業股份有限公司 半導體封裝件及其製法
JP6329014B2 (ja) * 2014-06-19 2018-05-23 積水化学工業株式会社 接続構造体及び接続構造体の製造方法
WO2016052664A1 (ja) * 2014-10-01 2016-04-07 ナミックス株式会社 樹脂組成物
KR102428149B1 (ko) * 2015-02-04 2022-08-02 나믹스 가부시끼가이샤 열전도성 페이스트 및 그의 제조 방법
CN107251253B (zh) * 2015-02-24 2019-11-05 株式会社村田制作所 压电振动部件和涂布方法
GB2539684B (en) * 2015-06-24 2018-04-04 Dst Innovations Ltd Method of surface-mounting components
TWI690580B (zh) * 2015-09-16 2020-04-11 日商日立化成股份有限公司 接著劑組成物、異向導電性接著劑組成物、電路連接材料及連接體
JP6859077B2 (ja) * 2015-11-11 2021-04-14 積水化学工業株式会社 粒子材料、接続材料及び接続構造体
EP3428600B1 (en) * 2016-03-10 2023-05-24 Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. Adhesive for semiconductor sensor chip mounting, and semiconductor sensor
WO2018047690A1 (ja) * 2016-09-09 2018-03-15 積水化学工業株式会社 導電材料、接続構造体及び接続構造体の製造方法
US11522114B2 (en) 2016-12-13 2022-12-06 Lintec Corporation Thermoelectric conversion material and method for producing same
JP7185252B2 (ja) 2018-01-31 2022-12-07 三国電子有限会社 接続構造体の作製方法
JP7160302B2 (ja) 2018-01-31 2022-10-25 三国電子有限会社 接続構造体および接続構造体の作製方法
JP7046351B2 (ja) 2018-01-31 2022-04-04 三国電子有限会社 接続構造体の作製方法
US11224131B2 (en) * 2018-04-04 2022-01-11 Lenovo (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Systems and methods for surface mounting cable connections
US20190355277A1 (en) * 2018-05-18 2019-11-21 Aidmics Biotechnology (Hk) Co., Limited Hand-made circuit board
CN113365412B (zh) * 2020-03-05 2022-06-24 宏启胜精密电子(秦皇岛)有限公司 复合电路板及其制作方法
KR20210122359A (ko) * 2020-03-30 2021-10-12 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 표시 장치 및 표시 장치 제조 방법

Family Cites Families (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5120941A (ja) 1974-08-14 1976-02-19 Seikosha Kk Dodenseisetsuchakuzai
JPS59120436A (ja) 1982-12-27 1984-07-12 Seikosha Co Ltd 異方導電性ゴムシ−トの製造方法
JPS60191228A (ja) 1984-10-29 1985-09-28 Seiko Epson Corp 表示装置の接続構造
CA1337700C (en) 1985-10-15 1995-12-05 Anthony Revis Process for preparation of silyl ketene acetals
JPH07103331B2 (ja) * 1987-10-30 1995-11-08 イビデン株式会社 樹脂系導電ペースト
JPH01251787A (ja) 1988-03-31 1989-10-06 Toshiba Corp 電子部品の接続装置
US5001542A (en) 1988-12-05 1991-03-19 Hitachi Chemical Company Composition for circuit connection, method for connection using the same, and connected structure of semiconductor chips
US4999460A (en) * 1989-08-10 1991-03-12 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Conductive connecting structure
JPH04174980A (ja) 1990-11-07 1992-06-23 Hitachi Chem Co Ltd 回路の接続部材
JPH077607B2 (ja) * 1990-12-27 1995-01-30 イナバゴム株式会社 変形導電性エラストマー
US5371327A (en) * 1992-02-19 1994-12-06 Shin-Etsu Polymer Co., Ltd. Heat-sealable connector sheet
JP3048197B2 (ja) 1992-08-05 2000-06-05 シャープ株式会社 異方性導電膜
JP3907217B2 (ja) 1993-07-29 2007-04-18 日立化成工業株式会社 回路接続材料とその接続材料を用いた回路の接続方法
KR0179802B1 (ko) * 1995-12-29 1999-03-20 문정환 반도체 패키지
JPH108006A (ja) * 1996-06-26 1998-01-13 Three Bond Co Ltd 導電性接着剤組成物及び当該組成物で接続した電子部品
JP3719471B2 (ja) * 1997-09-02 2005-11-24 日立化成工業株式会社 Icチップ接続用接着フィルム
JP3120837B2 (ja) * 1998-03-18 2000-12-25 日本電気株式会社 電気的接続用の樹脂フィルムおよび樹脂フィルムを用いた電気的接続方法
JP3477367B2 (ja) 1998-05-12 2003-12-10 ソニーケミカル株式会社 異方導電性接着フィルム
JPH11345517A (ja) * 1998-06-02 1999-12-14 Toshiba Chem Corp 異方性導電接着剤
JP2001214149A (ja) * 2000-01-31 2001-08-07 Shin Etsu Polymer Co Ltd 異方導電接着剤
DE60119270T2 (de) * 2000-02-29 2007-04-19 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Kadoma Leitfähiger klebstoff, apparat zum fertigen einer elektronischen komponente und verfahren zu deren fertigung
JP2001271053A (ja) * 2000-03-24 2001-10-02 Toshiba Chem Corp 異方性導電接着剤
JP3792554B2 (ja) * 2001-03-26 2006-07-05 シャープ株式会社 表示モジュール及びフレキシブル配線板の接続方法
KR100398314B1 (ko) * 2001-07-19 2003-09-19 한국과학기술원 고접착력 3층 구조 aca 필름
US20060035036A1 (en) * 2004-08-16 2006-02-16 Telephus Inc. Anisotropic conductive adhesive for fine pitch and COG packaged LCD module

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI702033B (zh) * 2016-03-03 2020-08-21 日商信越化學工業股份有限公司 生物體電極及其製造方法
US11911161B2 (en) 2016-03-03 2024-02-27 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Biological electrode and manufacturing method thereof
TWI663957B (zh) * 2016-05-09 2019-07-01 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. 生物體電極及其製造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN102153964A (zh) 2011-08-17
TWI379882B (https=) 2012-12-21
JP4998635B2 (ja) 2012-08-15
TW200728430A (en) 2007-08-01
EP1967564A4 (en) 2010-08-04
CN102244042A (zh) 2011-11-16
EP2322585A1 (en) 2011-05-18
CN101346449A (zh) 2009-01-14
EP1967564A1 (en) 2008-09-10
JP2011179006A (ja) 2011-09-15
TW201114877A (en) 2011-05-01
KR20110036778A (ko) 2011-04-08
US20120085579A1 (en) 2012-04-12
KR20110036777A (ko) 2011-04-08
KR101140088B1 (ko) 2012-04-30
WO2007074652A1 (ja) 2007-07-05
JP2011179004A (ja) 2011-09-15
CN102161873A (zh) 2011-08-24
CN102161866A (zh) 2011-08-24
TW201132736A (en) 2011-10-01
TW201114878A (en) 2011-05-01
JPWO2007074652A1 (ja) 2009-06-04
KR101139984B1 (ko) 2012-05-02
CN101346449B (zh) 2011-06-15
EP2348087A1 (en) 2011-07-27
KR20080081353A (ko) 2008-09-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
TWI375709B (https=)
TWI525166B (zh) 黏著劑組成物,薄膜狀黏著劑及電路構件之連接構造
KR101410108B1 (ko) 회로 접속 재료 및 회로 부재의 접속 구조
KR100559153B1 (ko) 전극의 접속방법, 그것에 사용되는 표면처리 배선판 및접착필름 및 전극의 접속구조
CN102598419B (zh) 电路连接材料以及使用其的电路构件的连接结构
JP7314801B2 (ja) 接続構造体及びその製造方法
WO2012169535A1 (ja) フィルム状回路接続材料及び回路接続構造体
JP2011037953A (ja) 接着剤組成物、回路接続構造体及び半導体装置
JP2011100605A (ja) 回路接続材料及び、これを用いた回路部材の接続構造
JP2012160546A (ja) 回路接続用接着フィルム及び回路接続構造体
JP5034494B2 (ja) 接着剤組成物、回路接続用接着剤、接続体及び半導体装置
JP2011119154A (ja) 接続方法及び接続構造体
JP4032345B2 (ja) 表面被覆導電性粒子、それを用いた回路用接続部材、接続方法及び接続構造体
JP2025029739A (ja) 接着剤組成物、回路接続用接着剤フィルム、回路接続構造体及びその製造方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
MM4A Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees