TWI339057B - Transmit diversity processing for a multi-antenna communication system - Google Patents

Transmit diversity processing for a multi-antenna communication system Download PDF

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TWI339057B
TWI339057B TW092129817A TW92129817A TWI339057B TW I339057 B TWI339057 B TW I339057B TW 092129817 A TW092129817 A TW 092129817A TW 92129817 A TW92129817 A TW 92129817A TW I339057 B TWI339057 B TW I339057B
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transmitted
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TW200417214A (en
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Rodney Walton Jay
W Ketchum John
S Wallace Mark
J Howard Steven
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602Signal structure
    • H04L27/261Details of reference signals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0667Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0669Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal using different channel coding between antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0697Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using spatial multiplexing
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    • H04B7/08Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • H04B7/0842Weighted combining
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    • H04L1/0002Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
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    • H04W28/00Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
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Description

1339057 玖、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 根據35美國法典§119節之優先權 本專利申請案主張對轉讓給本文之受讓人之臨時專利_ 請案序列第60/42 1,309號的優先權,該申請案係於2〇02年1〇 月25曰申請,標題為「多重輸入多重輸出(ΜΙΜΟ)無線區域 網路(WLAN)系統」,其經引用併入本文。 領域 本發明一般係關於通信,更明確而言,係關於多重天線 通信系統内之傳遞多元化的資料處理技術。 【先前技術】 多重天線通信系統利用多重(Ντ)傳遞天線及一或多個 (NR)接收天線進行資料傳送。藉由自該等天線傳遞獨立之 資料流’可使用Ντ個傳遞天線提高系統之輸出量。藉由自 該等天線冗餘地傳遞單一資料流,也可使用Ντ個傳遞天線 提高可靠性。 ^重天線系統也可利用正交分頻多工技術(〇rth〇g〇nai frequency division multiplexing ; OFDM)。OFDM係一調變 技術’可將整個系統之頻寬有效地劃分成多個(Nf)正交子 頻帶。各子頻帶係與可使用資料調變之個別之子載子相關 聯。子頻帶通常也稱為音頻' 子載子、位元及頻率通道。 對於多重天線系統,各對傳遞與接收天線之間存在一傳 播路徑。因而在NT傳遞天線與]^接收天線之間即可形成 NT.NR個傳播路徑《該等傳播路徑可能經受不同之通道條件
〇\88\88997 D0C 1339057 (如不同的衰落、多路徑及干擾效果),因而可能實現不同的 4。號對雜訊及干擾比(signal-to-noise-and-interfe renceratios ; SNR)。因此,NT.NR個傳播路徑之通道回應可 旎隨路徑不同而不同。對於分散之通信通道,所有NF子頻 帶之各傳播路徑的通道回應也不同。因通道條件可隨時間 變化’故傳播路徑之通道回應也可同樣變化。 傳遞多元化係指透過空間、頻率、時間或該三維之組合 冗餘地傳送資料,以提高資料傳送之可靠性。傳遞多元化 的係在盡可月b夕之維度上使資料傳送之多元化最大 化以貫現強固性能。另一目的係簡化發射器與接收器之傳 遞多:化處理。因此’需要能為多重天線系統中之傳遞多 元化南效處理資料的技術。 【發明内容】 本文提L在對重天線〇FDM系統中實施傳遞多元化處理 之技#。發射器根據編碼方案編碼流量資料以獲取編石馬資 料。編碼方案可包括旧 ' ^ 口疋逮率基本編碼與系統支持之編碼 率組的重複及/或螌φ η 編碼之資料以獲取交錯資料 军乂錯所 付唬映射交錯資料 支万案 OFDM符號大小 持夕個 η 進效率。不同OFDM符號大小可使 同或類似的編碼、交 便用相 器之處理。 ^及調邊方案’以簡化發射器與接收 發射器處理每— ,供 式。 自-對傳遞天線傳、、广 以獲得兩對傳遞夠 逆。各傳遞符號係資料符號之一
〇 \88\88997 〇〇C 1339057 可自(1)空間-時間傳遞多元化(space_time transmit diversity ; STTD)之兩個0FDM符號週期之同一子頻帶上之 天線對或(2)空間-頻率傳遞多元化(space_frequency transmit diversity ; SFTD)之同—〇FDM符號週期内之兩個 子頻帶之天線對傳送該兩對傳遞符號。若有Ντ個傳遞天線 可用於資料傳送,則不同天線對]^1_.(]^1__1)/2可用於傳送資 料符號流。發射器根據選定之〇FD]y^^號大小為各傳遞天線 傳迗(如實施OFDM調變)傳遞符號流,以獲取傳遞天線之對 應的OFDM符號流。 如下所述,接收器則實施互補處理以恢復流量資料。在 以下進一步詳細說明本發明的多個方面及具體實施例。 【實施方式】 在此使用的術語「範例性」指「作為一範例、實例或說 明」。在此况明的作為任一「範例性」的具體實施例不必解 釋為較佳具體實施例或優於其他具體實施例。 本文說明之傳遞多元化技術可用於(丨)具有多重傳遞天 線及單一接收天線之多重輸入單一輸出(multiple input single-output; MISO)系統與(2)具有多重傳遞天線及多重接 收天線的多重輸入多重輸出 mukiple-output ; ΜΙΜΟ)系統。該等技術也可用於下行鏈路 及上行鏈路。下行鏈路(即正向鏈路)係自接取點(如基地台) 至使用者終端(如行動台)的通信鏈路,而上行鏈路(即反向 鏈路)係自使用者終端至接取點的通信鏈路。為簡明起見, 僅在使用Ο F D Μ的範例性多重天線系統中說明下行鏈路之
O:\88\88997 D0C 1339057 該等技術。對於該範例性系統,接取點係配備四個天線, 各使用者終端配備一或多個天線。 圖1顯示多重天線OFDM系統1 〇〇之接取點丨丨〇與兩個使用 者終端150x與150y之具體實施例的方塊圖。使用者終端 150x係裝備一單一天線丨52x,使用者終端15〇y係裝備多重 天線1 5 2 a至1 5 2 r。 在下行鏈路上,傳遞(τχ)資料處理器120於接取點11〇接 收來自資料源1 1 2的流1資料(即資訊位元),控制來自控制 器130的資.料及可能來自排程器134的其他資料。各種類型 的資料可在不同傳輸通道上發送。τχ資料處理器12〇根據 一或多個編碼與調變方案處理(成框、攪亂、編碼、交錯及 符號映射)不同類型的資料’以獲取調變符號流。在本文 中,「資料符號」指資料的調變符號,「先導符號」指先導 之調變符號。ΤΧ空間處理器i 22接收ΤΧ資料處理器1 20的資 料符號流’為傳遞多元化而對該等資料符號實施空間處 理、多工先導符號’並為各傳遞天線提供一傳遞符號流。 以下說明TX資料處理器1 20及TX空間處理器1 22的處理。 各調變器(MOD) 1 26接收並處理相應傳遞符號流’以獲取 OFDM符號流,並進一步調節(如放大、濾波及升頻)〇fdm 符號流以產生下行鏈路信號。來自四個調變器丨26&至丨26d 的四個下行鏈路信號係分別自四個天線丨2 8 a至1 2 8 d傳送至 使用者終端。 在各使用者終端1 50 ’ 一或多重天線1 52接收所傳送之下 行鏈路信號,各天線向各自的解調變器(DEMOD) 154提供
0 \88\88997 OOC -10· 1339057 妾收的號。各解調變器1 5 4所實施之處理係於調變器 1 26貝把處理之互補,並提供接收符號流。接收⑽)空間處
理器160對自所有解調變器154接收的符號流實施空間處 以獲取恢復之貧料符號流,其係接取點丨1 〇傳送之資料 符號流的估計。Rx資料處理器17〇接收並所恢復的資料符 號JL解夕工至其各自的傳輸通道。然後處理(如解映射、解 又錯、解碼及解㈣)各傳輸通道之恢復資料符號以獲取該 傳輸通道之解碼請。各傳輸通道之解碼資料可包括所恢 復之使用者貝_、控制資料等等,其可提供至資料槽1 Μ 儲存及/或提供至控制器180進行進一步處理。
―在各使用者終端150中,通道估計器(圖1未顯示)估計下 订鍵路之E7應並提供通道料,料通道料可包括通道 增&(或路徑增益)估計、㈣估計等。RX資料處理器170還 可提供於下行鏈路所接收之各封包/訊框之狀態。控制器 接收通道估汁及封包/訊框狀態,並為接取點m组裝回 饋資訊。回饋資訊及上行鏈路資料由τχ資料處理器190處 =’並由ΤΧ空間處理器192(若使用者終端15〇有的話)進行 空間處理’使用先導符號多工化,由一或多個調變器154 調節,並透過-或多個天線152傳送至接取點11〇。 在接取點11〇,所傳送之上行鏈路信號係由天線128接 收,由解調變器解調變,由RX空間處理器14〇arx資料 處理器142以互補使料終端15()之處理的方式進行處理。 所恢復之回饋資訊係提供至控制器130及排程器134。排程 裔13何使用回饋資訊實施數個功能,如⑴為下賴路及上
0 \88\88997 DOC 1339057 行鏈路上之資料傳送排程使用者終端組及⑺為所排程之終 端分配可用之下行鏈路與上行鏈路資源。 &制為130與180分別控制接取點11〇及使用者終端15〇之 各種處理單元之運作°例如’控制器180可決定使用者終端 150之下行鏈路可支持的最大速率。控制器⑽可選擇各排 ί王使用者終端之速率、#包承載大小及〇fdm符號大小。 接取點11 0與使用者終端1 5 〇之上行鏈路處理可與下行鏈 路的處理相同或不同。 系、’充1 0 0矛]用組傳輸通道傳遞不同類型的資料。在範例 性叹at中,在上行鏈路上,接取點11 0在一廣播通道 (broadcast channe丨;BCH)上傳送系統資訊,控制正向控制 通道(forward Contr〇i channe丨;FCCH)上的資料並於正向 通道(forward channel ; FCH)上向特定使用者終端傳輸資 料。在上行鏈路,使用者終端15〇在隨機接取通道(rand〇m access channel ; RACH)上傳送接取資料及訊息,並在反向 通道(reVersec channe丨;RCH)上傳送資料。其他系統設計可 使用不同及/或其他傳輸通道。傳遞多元化可用於各傳輸通 道。 圖2顯示接取點丨1〇之發射器部分之方塊圖。在τχ資料處 理1§ 120内,例如,藉由產生一循環冗餘檢查(qdk redundancy check; CRC)值並為封包附加標題,成框單元2 i 2 成框各資料封包。接收器可使用CRC值決定封包之解碼是 否正確。可為某些傳輸通道實施成框,其他傳輪通道則可 省略。不同傳輸通道的成框也可不同。各封包係在特定時
0 \88\88997 CK)C •12· 1339057 間期間内(如一 碼、調變及指定 資料隨機化。 或多個〇軸符?虎週期)為傳送 。搜亂器214㈣成框/未成框資 而分別編 料,以使 碼益叫根據編碼方案編碼攪亂 該編碼可增加該資料傳送的可靠度。然後 穿早心18重複或擊穿(即刪除)某些編瑪位元 包的預期編碼率。在—具體實施例中,編碼器216係= 率捲積編碼器。重複各編碼位元—次可獲取Μ編碼 碼器2丨⑭刪除某些編碼位元可獲得大於Μ的編 。父錯益220根據交錯方案交錯(即重新排序)重複/擊穿 早元218的編碼位元。交錯為編碼位元提供時間、頻率及/ 或空間多元化。 一符號映射單元222根據一選定調變方案映射交錯資 料,並提供資料符號。符號映射可由如下方法實現若 B21,群集B位元組以形成B_位元二進制值,及〇將各b_ 位元二進制值映射至對應於選定調變方案的一單一分佈。 各映射信號點係一複數值,並對應於資料符號。符號映射 單元222向TX空間處理器122提供資料符號流。 以下說明編碼器216、重複/擊穿單元218、交錯器22〇及 符號映射單元222的範例性設計。可根據控制器1 3 〇提供的 控制信號實施編碼、交錯及符號映射。 如下所述,TX空間處理器1 22接收TX資料處理器i 2〇的資 料符號流,並為傳遞多元化貫施空間處理。τχ空間處理巧 122為四個傳遞天線向丨263至126d之四個調變器各提供—
O:\88\88997 DOC -13- 1339057 傳遞符號流。 圖3顯示為系統貫施基本編碼之編碼器2 1 6之具體實施 例。在該具體實施例中,基本編碼係1/2速率、約束長度 7(K-7)之捲積編碼,具有產生器133與171(八進制)。 在編碼器2 16内,多工器312自攪亂器214接收各封包之已 攪亂的位元及尾部位元(如零)’並提供首先由六個尾部位元 跟隨的已搜亂的位元。編碼器216也包括串聯耦合之六個延 遲元件314a至314f。四個加法器316a至316d也係串聯耦 合,用於實施第一產生器(133)。同樣,四個加法器318a至 318d也係串聯耦合,用於實施苐二產生器(171)。如圖3所 示,加法器係進一步耦合至延遲元件314,以實施兩個產生 器 133與 171。 攪亂位το係提供至第一延遲元件314a及加法器316&與 318a。對於各時脈週期,加法器316a至316d實施進入位元 與儲存於延遲元件3I4b、314c、314e與314f的四個先行位 兀的modulo-2加法,以獲取該時脈週期的第—編碼位元。 同樣,加法器3 1 8a至3 1 8d實施進入位元與儲存於延遲元件 314b、314c' 3 14e與3l4f的四個先行位元的m〇du丨〇_2加法, 以獲取該時脈週期的第二編碼位元。多工器32〇接收兩個產 生器的兩個編碼位元流,並將其多工成單一編碼位元流。 對於各攪亂位元qn(其中n係位元指數),產生兩個編碼位元 C I η與c2n ’其導致1 /2編碼率。 系統100支持資料傳送之一组「速率」。表1列出系統支持 的14速率範例組,由速率指數0至13表示n為㈣速率 Ο \88\88997 〇〇〇 •14· 1339057 係表示零資料速率(即無資料傳送)。夂非—± μ 谷非零速率係與實現非 衰落AWGN通道之理想性能水準(如〗。7 a七 Ν + (如1°/。的封包誤差率 (packet e而⑽;PER))所需的特定頻譜效率、特定編碼 率、特定調變方案及特定SNR關聯。料效率指由系統頻 寬標準化的資料速率(即資訊位元速率),以每秒每❼似之 率的頻譜效率係由該速率的編碼方案與調變方案決定。表i 之各速率的編碼方案與調變方案係、特定於範例系統的。 表1 -
ί表1中’BPSKU二進制相移密繪’QPSK表示正交相移 也錄,QAM表示正交振幅調變。 編碼器川編瑪各封包,並根據單—基本編碼產生Μ速 。扁馬位兀。系統支持的所有其他編碼率(如表^之列示)可
0 \88\88997 DOC -15· 1339057 藉由重複或擊穿編碼位元獲得。 圖4顯示重複/擊穿單元218之具體實施例’其可用於根據 1/2基本編碼率產生各種編碼率。在重複/擊穿單元218内, 編碼器216的1/2速率編碼位元係提供至重複單元412或擊 穿早το 414。重複單元412對各丨/2速率編碼位元各重複一次 以獲仔有效之1/4編碼率。擊穿單元414根據特定擊穿圖案 刪除某些1 /2速率編碼位元以獲得所需之編碼率。表2列示 ;系’·先支持之編碼率的範例性擊穿圖案。也可使用其 他擊穿圖案》 ~ 編碼率· 擊穿圖案 1/2" ΓΓ~ 7/12 11111110111110 3 / S 1110111011 2/3 1110 3/4 111001 ' 5/6 1110011001 7/8 1110101001100Ϊ 對於k/n編碼率,每_kf訊位元具有打編媽位元。μ速率 基本編碼為每訊位元提㈣1/2速率編碼位元。為獲 得編碼率k/n,擊穿單元218為自編碼器216收到之各以Μ 速率編碼位元輸人群組輸出η編碼位元。因此,即從各2k 1/2 速率編碼位元群組刪除2k_n編碼位元,以獲知速率k/n編碼 在擊穿圖案中’將自各群組刪除的編碼位元係由零 表示。例如’如擊穿圖案「⑴1U1川iug」所示為獲得 川2之編碼率’需從編碍器216之各群_編碼位元中刪除 兩個編碼位元,刪除的位㈣群組中的以與第Μ位元。若 〇 \88\88997 D〇〇 -16 - 1339057 所需編碼率為1/2即無需實施擊穿。 多工器416接收重複單元412的編碼位元流與擊穿單元 川的編碼位元流。若所需編碼率為1/4,則多工器川提供 f複單元412的編碼位元,若所需編碼率為"2或更高’則 提供擊穿單元4丨4的編碼位元。 — k輯早7〇 4 1 8接收編碼控制 益為擊穿單元414產生擊穿控制,為多工器416 工哭 控制。 °° 也可使用上述m卜之其L馬方案與擊穿圖案,這屬於 本發明之範圍。例如’可使用Turb〇碼、低密度奇偶校驗檢 查(low density parity check ; LDPC)碼、區塊碼、某些其他 碼或上述碼之任何組合編媽資料。而且’不同的傳輪通道 可使用不同的編碼方案。例如,捲積碼可用於載送系統資 Λ與控制資料的傳輸通道,丁urb〇碼可用於載送流量資料的 傳輸通道。 ’ 藉由上述編碼與擊穿方案,透過在接取點之同—編碼器 與在使用者終端之同一編碼器可支持多編碼率。因而可2 大簡化接取點與使用者終端的設計。 系統100利用兩個0FDM符號大小實現更高效率。在—範 例性設計中,一「短」0FD]vui號係由64個子頻帶組成,一 長」OFDM符號係由256個子頻帶組成。對於短符 號,64個子頻帶之分配指數為-32至+31,48個子頻帶(如护 數為KS=±{1’ .·.,6, 8, ,2〇, 22, ,26}之頻帶)係用於資料 傳送,並稱為資料子頻帶,4個子頻帶(如指數為±丨7, 2丨丨之 子頻帶)係用於先導傳送,不使用DC子頻帶(指數為〇之頻
0 \88\88997 〇〇C 17 1339057 帶)’其餘的子頻帶也不使用,並當作防護子頻帶。對於長 OFDM符號’ 256個子頻帶之分配指數為·128至+ 127, I” 個子頻帶(如指數為KL = ±{1,...,24,29,,8〇,85,,i叫之 頻帶)係用於資料傳送,16個子頻帶(如指數為士⑺,Μ 81,…,84}之子頻帶)係用於先導傳送,不使用dc子頻帶, 其餘的子頻帶也不使用,並當作防護子頻帶。 長OFDM符號的先導與資料子頻帶可根據以下等式映射 至短OFDM符號的先導與資料子頻帶: 等式(1) k, = 4-ks -sgn(ks).kos » 其中ks係短OFDM符號之子頻帶的指數 kos係子頻帶指數偏移(k。#丨〇,1,2,3 Η sgn(ks)提供ks之標號(即「+」或「_」); Μ係長OFDM符號之子頻帶的指數e &) 短OFDM符號之各資料/先導子頻帶係與長〇FDM符號之四 個資料/先導子頻帶關聯,後者與子頻帶指數偏移之四個 值關聯。 表1還列出各非零速率之可於各短與長〇{7]〇]^符號中發 送之資料位元數目。可使用任何數目之長〇FDM符號與小數 目之短OFDM符號發送資料封包。例如,可使用Nl|〇fdm 符號與Ns短OFDM符號發送資料封包,其中N^〇且 3之Ns20。在NL長OFDM符號末端之Ny^〇FDM符號可減少未 使用之容量。因而,可使用不同大小之〇FDM符號以使 OFDM符號的資料載送容量更好地匹配封包承載,從而最大 化封包效率。 0 \88\88997 DOC •18· 1339057 在一具體實施例中,同一交錯方案用於短與長〇F£)m符 號。各短OFDM符號中將傳送之編碼位元係在所有48個資料 子頻可中父錯。各長OFDM符號中將傳送之編碼位元係分隔 成四個區塊,各區塊中的編碼位元係於各自的4 8資料子頻 T群組中父錯。對於二者而言,交錯均係在一 〇FDM符號週 期霄施。 圖4還顯示交錯器220的具體實施例’其可用於短與長 OFDM符號。在交錯器22〇中,解多工器422為各〇fdm符號 接收重複/擊穿單元21 8的編碼位元序列。編碼位元序列表 示為{ci},其中對於短〇FDM符號,丨£{〇,…,,對 於長OFDM指’ ie{G,..·,,B為各調變符號之編 碼位元數目。 對於短OFDM#《,多工器422向區塊交錯器424a提供序 ^之所有48韻碼位元。然後,交錯H424根據表3之頻率 父錯方案,交錯(即重新排序)短〇fdm符號之所有W資料子 頻帶的編碼位元。對於該交錯方案,序列⑹中的各編碼位 凡的分配位S指數為im()dulQ_48e序列中之編媽位元係有效 地分割成B群組,各群組包括分配位元指數為〇至7的a個編 碼位元。各位元指數與各自資料子頻帶關聯。同一位元指 數,所有編碼位元均於與該位元指數關聯之資料子頻帶上 侈1如’各群組之第一編碼位元(位元指數為0)係於子 上上傳送’第:編碼位元(位元指數為丨)係於子頻帶1 、兵达’第三編碼位元(位元指數為2)係於子頻帶_17上傳 、依人類推。在交錯整個序列之編碼位元後,區塊交錯 〇 \88\88997 〇〇c -19- 1339057 器424a向多工器426提供交錯位元。對於短〇fdM符號,不 使用區塊交錯器424b、424c與424 d,.多工器426僅提供來自 區塊交錯器424a的交錯位元。 表3 子頻 帶指 數ks 位元 指數 子頻 帶指 數ks 位元 指數 子_頻 帶指 數ks 位元 指數 子頻 帶指 數^ 位元 指數 - - -13 26 1 1 15 33 -26 0 -12 32 2 7 16 39 -25 ~~~6~~ -11 38 3 13 17 45 -24 12 -10 44 4 19 18 5 -23 18 -9 4 5 25 19 11 -22 \24~ -8 Γ 10 6 31 20 17 -21 -7 - 7 21 -20 30 -6 「16 8 37 22 23 -19 36 -5 22 9 43 23 29 -18 42 -4 28 10 3 24 35 -17 2 -3 34 11 9 25 41 -16 8 -2 40 12 15 26 47 -15 14 -1 46 13 21 • -14 20 0 - 14 27 - - 對於長OFDM符號,解多工器422向區塊交錯器424a提供 序列中之48.B編碼位元第一區塊,向區塊交錯器42朴提供 48·Β編碼位元第二區塊,向區塊交錯器424c提供48B編碼 位το第三區塊,向區塊交錯器424d提供48.B編碼位元之最 後區塊。交錯器424a至424d之四個編碼位元區塊之分配子 頻可才曰數偏移分別為kos = 〇、1、2與3。各區塊交錯器424以 上述方法為短OFDM符號在48資料子頻帶交錯其編碼位 元。在交錯整個序列之編碼位元後,多工器426接受區塊交 錯器424a至424d的交錯位元,並以合適順序將該等位元映 射至長OFDM符號之對應子頻帶。具體而言,如等式(〖)所 Ο \88\88997 DOC -20- 1339057 示,各區塊交錯器424之短OFDM符號子頻帶指數匕與子頻 帶指數偏移係用於產生對應之長〇FDM符號子頻帶指數 ki。邏輯單元428接受控制器13〇的〇?〇1^符號大小,並為解 多工器422及多工器426產生控制。 圖4顯示通道交錯器22〇之範例性設計。也可使用能夠支 持短與長OFDM符號的其他設計。例如,可使用交錯器儲存 將交錯之所有編碼位元。然後,多工器426或解多工器化 將該交錯器的編碼位元映射至合適之子頻帶。 表3顯示.之頻率交錯方案將具有偶數指數(在擊穿後)編 碼位元分配至具有負指數之子頻帶,將具有奇數指數的編 碼位元分配至具有正指數的子頻帶。對於1/2編碼率,第一 產生器133之編瑪位元係於具有負指數之子頻帶上傳送第 一產生器171之編碼位元係於具有正指數之子頻帶上傳 送。也可攪亂編碼位元’使各產生器之編碼位元分佈於所 有資料子頻帶。 可以各種其他方式實施交錯。例如,在交錯所有資料 頻帶後,可在多個_符號週期内進一步交錯各子頻帶 編碼位元以實現時間多元化。 對於短與長OFDM符號,交铒^ > 叮恥乂錯窃220為各〇FDM符號提 父錯編碼位元序列。序列#紅 一 ㈣^括各資料子頻帶之B交錯編碼 22根據選定速率決 之調文方案將交錯編碼位元 •7 m 映射至資料符號。 表4顯示系統支持之六個調 # 支方案的付唬映射。對於各. 复方案(BPSK除外),Β/2編碼 位70係映射至同相⑴成份,: 0 \88\88997 〇〇〇 -21 · 丄 他B/2編碼位元係映射至正 φ夂蛾古安 乂(⑺成仏。在一具體實施例 ^ x __上 糸根據格雷映射定義。藉由格 雷映射’ ίέ號分佈(在I盘〇志/八 — 1 成份中)中之鄰近點僅相差一位 元位置。格雷映射減少可能性釦 此性較大之錯誤事項的位元誤差 數目,該數目對應於映射至靠近正砝 非处止確位置之一位置的接收 符號,在此情形下,僅可能錯誤偵測_個編碼位元。 BPSK b〇 I Q 0 -1 0 1 1 0 QPSK b〇 I bi Q ~0 ] -1 0 -1 1 1 1 nr 1 6 OAM b〇b, I b7bi Q 00 -3 00 -3 01 -1 01 1 -1 11 1 11 1 10 3 10 3 64 OAM b〇bi I b^b4t>5 Q 000 -7 000 -7 001 -5 001 -5 Oil Λ -J Oil -3 010 -1 010 -1 110 1 110 1 1 111 3 111 3 101 5 101 5 100 7 100 7 表4 ----256 OAM Pp b ί 〇2 〇3^ I b4b5b6b7 ----- 〇 4 0000 -15 0000 - 0001 -13 0001 -—_! -13 0011 1 -11 0011 -1 1 0010 0010 -9 0110 -7 0110 0111 -5 0111 -5 0101 -3 0101 -3 0100 -1 0100 -1 1100 1 1100 1 1101 3 1101 3 1111 5 1111 5 1110 7 1110 7 1010 9 1010 9 1011 11 1011 ITPj 1001 13 1001 1000 15 1000 15~~ 才示準化因子 調變方案 數值 BPSK 1.0 QPSK 1/V2 — 16 QAM l/Vio 64 QAM Ι/λ/42 256 QAM Ι/λ/170 對於表4顯示的四個Q AM調變方案之各方案,最不可能錯 〇\W\SS9<)7 OQC ·τι· 1339057 誤接收各元件最左邊之位元’而最可能錯誤接收各元件最 右邊的位7G。為實現各位元位置之同等錯誤可能性,可搜 亂組成各QAM符號之B位元。&舉實際等於在qam符號之 各維度實施交錯’使形成qam符號之編碼位元映射至qam 符號之不同位元位置。 表4顯示之各調變方案之1與Q值係由一標準化因子 縮放,使關聯信號分佈之所有信號點之平均功率等於和諧 值。表4顯示各調變方案之標準化因子。標準化因子之量化 值也可使用。各資料子頻帶之資料符號s(k)將具有以下形 式: s(k)=(I+jQ).Kmod, 其中k e Ks用於短OFDM符號 等式(2) keKL用於長OFDM符號; I與Q係表4中選定調變方案之值;以及
Km()d取決於選定調變方案。 糸統1 00賞施空間處理以實現二維之傳遞多元化。在一具 體實施例中.,系統100(1)以每一子頻帶及每一 0FDM符號對 為基礎貫施空間-時間傳遞多元化(Space_time transmit diversity ; STTD),以為短0FDM符號實現空間與時間多元 化及(2)以每一子頻帶對與每一 ofdm符號為基礎實施空間 -頻率傳遞多元化(space-frequency transmit diversity ; SFTD) ’以實現長OFDM符號的空間與頻率多元化。 短OFDM符號之一範例性STTd方案運作如下。假定,要 於特定子頻帶上傳送兩個資料符號,分別表示為Si與S2。接
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O:\88\88997 D0C -23- 1339057 示複共扼’「」表示轉置。 旦 ^ - OFDM- ^ « 。里匕括兩個傳遞符號,將 隹UFDM付唬週期自兩個 〇卿符號週期自兩個μ 向量玉係於第一 …自兩個天線傳送,向 號週期自兩個天唆㈣、L T 0FDM^
饵啼、S #口推, 谷貝枓符遽係於兩個OFDM 符唬週期傳送(傳遞符號 绩值…# “ M_M週期自一天 線傳达,傳遞符號.係 傳送)。 就w於下—〇職符號週期自另一天線 若使用者終端配備一輩_ $ A Qt
天線,則所接收之符號可表示 如下: 。4 π I 等式(3) η = h,s, + h2s2 + η, > ^ r2 = ~ ^2S\ + n2 9 其中’ r·,與1*2係兩個連續0FDM符號週期之兩 係相關子頻帶之自㈣傳遞天線至接收天^路 徑增益;以及 η 1與η?分別係接收符號r i與Q的雜訊 使用者了導出兩個資料符號~與&之估計如下 i1 = V;-^ = ^i+J^Wv^W2,2 W2+N2w ν2· W2+hl2 "'ΐΐΜ^Γ 及 專式(4) 或者,接取點可產生兩個向量& _5;]r與心=[〜, 並在兩個OFDM符號週期依次傳該兩個向量。使用者終端可 導出兩個資料符號之估計為|i=Wr|+v;)/a與 幺 ,其中 α,ΐΉ2。 以上說明可延用於具有兩個或更多傳遞天線、多個接收 0 \88\88997 〇〇〇 •24- 1339057 天線及—多個子頻帶的系統。各資料子頻帶使用兩個傳遞天 線。假疋,要於特定子頻帶k上傳送兩個資料符號,分別表 不為S丨(k)與s2(k) β接取點產生 rj 里 = ί,(々)]Γ 盥 ’或同等地,產生兩個符號电 刚咖與吵)}=⑽一侧。各符號,组包括兩個傳 遞符號,將於兩個◦圈符號週期自各自天線於子頻帶k上 依次傳送(即’符號組⑽}係於兩個0FDM符號週期内自天 線i於子頻帶k上傳送,符號組⑽}係於同—之兩個0應 符號週期内自天線j於子頻帶k上傳送)。 若使用者終端配備多個天線,則所接收之符號可表示如 下: 【养柳州+M^)+幽,及 等式(5) r2 (k) = ht {k)s[ (k) - h] (k)s^ (k) + n2 (k) > 其中GWand 〇㈨係使用者終端於子頻帶k上於兩個連續 OFDM符號週期接收的兩個符號向量,各向量包括接收 天線的NR接收符號; 色⑷與匕⑷分別係傳遞天線i與」·對於子頻帶k的路獲增益 向量’各向量包括自關聯傳遞天線至各>^接收天線的通道 增益;以及 &⑷與&⑷分別係兩個所接收符號向量ii〇t)與匕⑷的雜訊 向量。 使用者終端可導出兩個資料符號Sl(k)與S2(k)的估計如 下: 0 \88\88997 DOC -25- h (ΙΛ i U iL·、 ) 2 Λ 2 久 .-,2 A 2 一 气(、允)+ 二 ~ y , 76 JM 幻卜 Ml |M、IMf 州-nUk 成(k) h(k)\h(k)2 -sM^r{; ^-% 等式(6) -人)h,k) h,(k) +^(d 或者,接取點可產生兩個符號組i W,(幻切與 /㈧-(、⑷彳㈨} ’並自天線丨與』傳遞該等符號組。使用者終 〇導出兩個資料付號之估計為&(幻=^(々)^⑷+^(幻&⑽μ 與= ‘处2(幻-"(从㈣Μ,其中々 = p,(幻|2+||£W||2。 STTD方案為各資料子頻帶利用一對傳遞天線。若接取點 配備兩個傳遞天線,則兩個天線均用於短〇FDM符號的所有 48個資料子頻帶。若接取點配備四個傳遞天線,則各天線 用於48個資料子頻帶之半數。 表5列出短OFDM符號之STTD方案的範例性子頻帶天線分 配方案。 表5 子頻 帶指 數1^ 傳遞 天線 子頻 帶指 數ks 傳遞 天線 子頻 帶指 數ks 傳遞 天線 子頻 帶指 數1^ 傳遞 天線 - - -13 _Μ__ 1 3,4 15 -ΤΤ- -26 1,2 -12 __Μ__ 2 1,2 16 ~χτ^ -25 3,4 -11 _Μ__ 3 2,4 17 1,3 -24 1,3 -10 __2Λ^ 4 1,3 18 2,3 -23 2,4 -9 _Μ__ 5 Γ 2,3 19 1 1,4 -22 1 1,4 -8 _^3__ 6 1,4 120~~ 3,4 -21 - Γ~^7~~ - 7 - ΓΤϊ~~ -20 2,3 -6 1,2一 8 3,4 22 1,2 -19 1,2 -5 _Μ__ 9 1,2 23 2,4 -18 3,4 -4 _1ι1- 10 2,4 24 1,3 -17 1,3 -3 _Μ___ 11 1,3 25 2,3 -16 2,4 -2 1,4 12 2,3 26 1,4 -15 1,4 -1 13 ~1,4 ----— -14 2,3 0 - 14 3,4 - - 0\88\88997.DOC -26· 1339057 圖5說明表5顯示的子頻帶天線分配方案。對於該方案, 傳遞天線1與2係用於指數為卜26、_i9、_13、6、2Y9m、5’、 22}的子頻帶,傳遞天線3與4係用於指數為卜。、-a、]]、 5 1 8、14、2〇}的子頻帶,依次類推。四個傳遞天線可 有六組不同的天線配對。六組天線配對之各配對係用於8 個資料子頻帶,該等子頻帶在48個資料頻帶内係大約均勻 間隔。子頻帶分配之天線配對係使不同天線用於鄰近之子 頻▼,因而可提供更大的頻率與空間多元化。例如,天線1 與2係用於子頻帶_26 ’天線3與4係用於子頻帶_2s。 表5之天線子頻帶分配也使所有四個傳遞天線均用於最 低編碼率1/4之各編碼位元,因而最大化空間多元化。對於 編碼率1/4,各編碼位元係重複並於映射至兩個非連接天線 對的兩個子頻帶上發送,從而使所有四個天線均用於傳送 該編碼位元。例如,表3顯示的位元指數〇與丨對應於同—重 複編瑪位元,具有指數〇之編碼位元係於子頻帶_26上自天 線1與2傳送,具有指數丨之編碼位元係於子頻帶丨上自天線3 與4傳送。 ’ 長〇FDM符號約為短OFDM符號週期之四倍。為最小化處 理延遲及緩衝要求,空間頻率傳遞多元化係用於自兩個天 線同時於兩個子頻帶上傳送兩個長〇FDm符號。 長OFDM符號之—範例性SFTD方案運作如下。假定表示 為s(ki)與的兩個資料符號係產生並映射至長ofdm 符號的兩個鄰近子頻帶。接取點自子頻帶、上的兩個天線傳 送符號s(k|)與s(k|+1),並於子頻帶上自同兩個天線傳遞
〇\88\88W7DOC -27· 1339057 符號S*(kl+1)與^•(k!)。鄰近子頻帶係用於資料符號對,因 為假定兩個子頻帶之通道回應大約係恒定的。 下 今+sgn(A:,)l 4 若接取點配備兩個傳遞天線,則兩個天線均用於長 OFDM符號的所有i 92個資料子頻帶。若接取點配備四個傳 遞天線’則表5顯示之同一子頻帶天線分配方案也可用於長 OFDM符號。在此情形下,長〇FDM符號之指數匕的子頻帶 係首先映射至短OFDM符號之指數ks的對應子頻帶如 k.. 等式(7) 其中[Z]係提供z之最接近的小整數的現場操作者,以及 kos係長OFDM子頻帶指數k,的子頻帶指數偏移,(k()se{〇, 1, 2, 3}) 〇 對應於映射短0FDM符號子頻帶指數匕的天線對係根據表5 決定,並用於具有指數k!的長OFDM符號子頻帶。 對於SFTD方案,在使用者終端獲取兩個資料符號之估計 的處理可實施為等式(4)與(6)之所示。不過,計算係於兩個 子頻帶上獲得之所接收符號上實施而非於兩個〇FDM符號 週期内實施。 圖6顯示TX空間處理器122a的方塊圖,該處理器實施短 OFDM符號之STTD方案。TX空間處理器122a係圖iiTxs 間處理器1 22之一項具體實施例。 在TX空間處理器1 22a内,解多工器6 1 2接收τχ資料處理 器120之資料符號流(s(k)},並為短OFDM符號之48個資料 子頻帶將該資料符號流解多工成48個資料符號子流,並向 個別的空間時間編碼器620提供各子流。各子流包括各短
0\88\88997.DOC •28- 1339057 0FDM符號週期的一資料符?虎,其對應於^的符號速率, 其中TS係一短OFDM符號的週期。 在各空間時間編碼器620内,解多工器622解多工資料符 號:流成兩個符號序列’各序列具有一町,符號速率。第 一符唬序列係提供至開關628a與單元62讣的「〇」輸入,其 倒轉亚結合序列中之各符號。第二符號序列係、提供至開關 628b與早兀624&的r〇j輸入,其結合序列中之各符號。延 遲單元626a延遲單元624a之符號一個短〇FDIv^f號週期,並 向開關62 8_a之「1」輸入提供該等延遲符號。延遲單元α α 延遲單元624b之符號一個短OFDM符號週期,並向開關62扑 之「1 J輸入提供該等延遲符號。開關628a以短〇fdm符號 速率觸發,並為兩個OFDM符號週期之各週期之一傳遞天線 k么、符號且{'⑷卜以⑷〜⑷}。同樣,開關Μ化以短〇fdm符 號速率觸發,並為兩個0FDM符號週期之各週期之另一傳遞 天線提供符號組{&⑷卜丨&⑷⑷}。 緩衝/多工器630a至630d緩衝並多工化空間時間編碼 态620的傳遞符號。如表5之決定,各緩衝器/多工器63〇接 收相應空間時間編碼器6 2 〇的先導符號與傳遞符號。具體而 έ,緩衝器/多工器630a接受映射至天線1的所有子頻帶(如 子頻帶-26、-24 ' -22、-19等)的傳遞符號,緩衝器/多工器 630b接受映射至天線2的所有子頻帶(如子頻帶%、j]、 -20、-19等)的傳遞符號,緩衝器/多工器63〇c接受映射至天 線3的所有子頻帶(如子頻帶-25、-24、-20、-18等)的傳遞符 號,緩衝器/多工器630d接受映射至天線4的所有子頻帶(如
〇 \88\8SW7 DOC -29- 1339057 子頻页-25、-23、-22、_1 8等)的傳遞符號。 然後,各緩衝器/多工器63〇為各短〇{71)]^符號週期多工化 四個先導子頻帶的四個先導符號、24個資料子頻帶的24個 , 傳遞符號、36個未用子頻帶之36個零信號值(或零符號),以 开/成64個全部子頻帶的64傳遞符號序列。雖然短符號 有48個資料子頻帶,僅有24個子頻帶用於各傳遞天線之 STTD方案,因為各子頻帶僅使用兩個天線,因此,各天線. 之未用子頻帶的有效數目為36而非12。序列中的各傳遞符 號可為自塢碼器620的傳遞符號、先導符號或零符號,並於 $ 一短OFDM符號週期内在一子頻帶上發送。各緩衝器,多工 器63 0為傳遞天線提供傳遞符號流{X|(Jc)}。各傳遞符號流 匕括64個傳遞符號之連鎖序列,其中一序列各為符號 週期。 圖7顯不TX空間處理器丨22b的方塊圖,該處理器實施長 OFDM符號之SFTD方案。TX空間處理器mb係圖kTx空 間處理器122之另一項具體實施例。 j 在丁X空間處理器122b内,解多工器712接收τχ資料處理^ 器12〇之資料符號流{S(k)},並為長0FDM符號之192個資料 子頻帶將該資料符號流解多卫成192個資料符號子流,並向* 一對應之空間頻率編碼器720提供各對子流。各子流包括各 長OFDM符號週期的一資料符?虎,其對應於γ的符號速 率’其中叭係一長〇FDM符號的週期。 各空間頻率編碼器720為兩個子頻帶匕與叫接收一對資 料符號子流。在各編碼器720内’單元724a為子頻帶叫結 0 \88\88997 DOC -30- 1339057 。子w中的各符號,單元724b為子頻帶^倒轉並結合子流中 的各符號。各編媽器72G⑴為兩個關聯天線在子頻帶^上進 行傳送,提供兩個資料符號子流至兩個緩衝器/多工器 73〇’及(2)為在同兩個天線子頻帶^丨上進行傳送,提供來 自單元724a與724b的兩個子流。進出各空間頻率編碼器72〇 之所有子流的符號速率為尺-|。 如等式(7)與表5之決定,各緩衝器/多工器73〇接收相應空 間頻率編碼器72〇的先導符號與傳遞符號。具體而言,緩衝 器/多工器730a、730b、730c與730d為映射至天線i、2、3 與4的所有子頻帶分別接收傳遞符號。然後,各緩衝器/多 器730為各長OFDM符號週期多工化1 6個先導子頻帶的j 6 個先導符號、192個資料子頻帶的192個傳遞符號、48個未 用子頻帶之48個零符號,以形成256個全部子頻帶的256傳 遞符號序列。對於SFTD方案,所有192個資料子頻帶均用 於資料傳送。各緩衝器/多工器730為一傳遞天線提供傳遞 符號流{x;(k)}。 圖8顯示可用作圖}之1263至126d之各調變器之調變器 126x之具體實施例的方塊圖。調變器126x包括耦合至發射 器單元(transmitter unit ; TMTR)820之 OFDM調變器 81〇。 OFDM調變器810包括可變大小反轉快速富利葉(inverse fast Fourier transform ; IFFT)單元812及循環前置碼產生器 814。IFFT單元812接收傳遞符號流{Xi(k)},在流{Xi(k)}内 之L傳遞符號之各序列上實施l —點IFFT,並為變換符號提供 L時域碼片之對應序列。OFDM符號大小L係由控制器13〇提 0 \88\S8997 00C -3卜 1339057 供之控制信號指;^,對於短〇FDM符號,為l=64,對於長 FDM符號,為L = 256。循環前置碼產生器8丨4重複IFF丁單 元8 1 2之各轉換苻5虎之部分’以形成對應之符號。 OFDM付號週期對應於一⑽⑽符號的期@。循環前置碼產 生器8 1 4的輸出係具有由控制信號決定之大小的應符號 叫。發射器單元82〇將〇FDM符號流轉換成一或多個類比信 號,並進一步調節(如放大、濾波及升頻)類比信號以產生適. 於自關聯天線128x傳送之下行鏈路信號。 · 圖9顯不具有多重天線(Nr>1)之使用者終端㈣的方塊^ 圖。自接取點110的下行鏈路信號係由1523至152r的各天線 接收。各天線向各自的解調變器丨54提供所接收的信號。 在各解調變器154内,接收器單元(RCVR) 912調節(如降 頻、放大及濾波)並數位化其所接收的信號,並向 調變器提供樣本流^ 0FDM解調變器包括循環前置碼移除單 元914及可變大小快速富利葉轉換(&以]?〇111^1^1>扣玎。1^; FFT)單元916。單元914移除各〇FDM符號令的循環前置 # 碼,並提供包括L樣本之對應之所接收轉換符號,其中,l W 取決於OFDM符號大小。可變大小奸丁單元916接收單元914 , 的樣本流,為所接收的轉換符號對該流中的各L樣本序列實· 施L點FFT,並為轉換符號提供L接收符號的對應序列。解 調變器空間處理器丨6〇y提供^^流之接收 符號(用於資料)’向通道估計器96〇提供所接收的先導符號。 例如,如等式(6)所示,RX空間處理器16〇y利用通道估計 器960的通道增益估計對Nr流接收符號實施空間處理。 Ο \88\88997 DOC •32· 1339057 空間處理器1 60y向RX資料處理器丨7〇y提供恢復資料符號 流{纟⑷},這是接取點Π0傳送之資料符號流(s(k))之估計。
藉控制器1 80y提供的解調變控制之指示,在rx資料處理 器1 70y内’符號解咪射單元972根據用於資料流的調變方案 解調變恢復資料符號。藉控制器丨80y提供的解交錯控制之 指示,通道解交錯器974然後解交錯已解調變的資料,以互 補於接取點11 0實施的交錯。對於短〇Fdm符號,解交錯係 於各短OFDM符號之所有48個資料子頻帶上實施,互補上述 之交錯。也如上所述,對於長0FDM符號,解交錯係於48 個資料子頻帶之四個區塊的各區塊實施。然後,藉控制器 1 80y提供的解碼控制之指示,解碼器976解碼已解交錯的資 料,以互補於接取點110實施的編碼。Viterbi解碼器可用於 上述捲積編碼方案之解碼器976。解攪亂器978解攪亂解妈 資料,以互補於接取點110實施的攪亂。雖然圖9未顯示, 但CRC檢驗器可根據封包中包括的CRC值檢驗各封包,以 決定封包之接收是否正確。封包狀態可由使用者終端丨5〇y 用於啟動重新傳送接收有誤的封包。 通道估計器960根據所接收的先導符號估計各種通道特 性(如路徑增盈與雜訊變化)。如等式(6)所示,通道估計器 960向RX空間處理器丨6〇y提供各接取點天線之路徑增益估 計之向量△,(々),該空間處理器則使用該等路徑增益估計恢復 傳送之資料符號。通道估計器96〇還向控制器丨8〇)^提供通道 估計。控制器180y可於使用者終端15〇y實施與傳遞多元化 處理相關的各種功能。控制器丨8〇y還可根據通道估計及/或
0 \88\88997 D〇C -33- 1339057 其他考置選擇用於資料傳送之合適的速率與沉⑽符號大 /J、 〇 對於裝備單一天線152x的使用者終端150x,解調變器 154X提供—所接收符號流。RX空間處理器l60x利用通道增 益估計對接收符號流實施空間處理(如等式(4)所示),並^ 供恢復資料符號流’⑽}。然後,Rx資料處理器ΐ7〇χ按上 述使用者終端150y之方式符號解映射、解交錯、解碼及解、 授I恢復資料符號流。 為簡明起見,以上在範例性多重天線〇FDM系統中說日月| :下行鏈路之傳遞多元化處理技術。該等技術也可由配備 多重天線之使用者終端用於上行鏈路。同樣為簡明起見’ 僅說明OFDM系統之該等技術。〇FDM系統可支持一個 OFDM符號大小、兩個0FDM符號大小(如上所述),或兩個 以上的OFDM符號大小。該等技術中之許多技術也可用於單 一載子多重天線系統。 圖1 〇顯示於多重天線〇 F D Μ系統之發射器上實施傳遞多 元化處理之程序1000的流程圖。發射器根據編碼方案編碼# 抓i :貝料以獲取編碼資料(區塊丨〇〗2)。編碼方案可包括固定' 速率基本編碼與系統支持之編碼率組的重複及/或擊穿圖· 案組。然後,發射器根據交錯方案交錯所編碼之資料以獲 取交錯資料(區塊101 4)。接著,發射器根據調變方案符號映 射交錯資料以獲取資料符號流(區塊1〇丨6)。之後,發射器處 理各對資料符號,以獲得兩對傳遞符號,供自一對傳遞天 線傳送(區塊101 8)。各傳遞符號係資料符號之一形式。兩對 -34- 1339057 傳遽符號可自天線對於兩個OFDM符號週期或於兩個子頻 帶傳送。若有Ντ個傳遞天線可用於資料傳送,則不同天線 對Ντ·(Ντ-1)/2可用於傳送資料符號。若系統支持多個〇FDM 符號大小’則發射器根據選定之OFDM符號大小為各傳遞天 線轉換(如對其實施OFDM調變)傳遞符號流,以獲取傳遞天 線之對應OFDM符號流(區塊1 〇2〇)。 圖11顯示於多重天線OFDM系統之接收器上實施傳遞多 元化之資料接收之程序1100的流程圖。,接收器根 據選定之QFDM符號大小為Nr個接收天線之每個天線轉換 樣本流,以獲取該接收天線之對應所接收符號流(區塊 1112)。接收器獲得所接收符號之向量流,其中各向量包括 NR個天線的Nr個所接收符號,並係用於一個〇FDM符號週 期的一個子頻帶(區塊1114)。如等式(4)或(6)所示,接收器 以通道估計處理所接收符號的各對向量,以獲取兩個恢復 資料符號(區塊11 1 6) »兩個向量係用於STTD方案之兩個 OFDM符號週期及SFTD方案之兩個子頻帶。恢復資料符號 流係為所接收符號之向量流而獲得。然後,接收器根據解 調變方案符號解映射恢復資料符號流,以獲得解調變資料 (區塊111 8) ’根據解父錯方案解交錯資料以獲取解交錯資料 (區塊11 20) ’根據解碼方案解碼解交錯資料以獲取解碼資料 (區塊im)。解調變、解交錯及解碼方案均係分別用於發射 器之調變、交錯及編碼方案之互補。 本文中說明的傳遞多元化技術可藉由各種構件實施。舉 例而言’料技術可在硬體、軟體或其組合中實施。針對
0 \88\88997 OOC -35- 1339057 硬體實施,用以於各接取點及使用者終端實施傳遞多元化 處理的處理單元實施於一或多個特定應用積體電路 (application specific integrated circuits ; ASICs)、數位信號 處理器(digital signal processors ; DSPs)、數位信號處理元 件(digital signal processing devices ; DSPDs)、可程式邏輯 元件(programmable logi devices ; PLDs)、場可程式閉極陣 列(field programmable gate arrays ; FPGAs)、處理器、控制 器、微控制器、微處理器、其他設計來實施此處所述功能 的電子裝覃、或其組合。 針對軟體實施’該等處理技術可利用執行本文所說明之 功能的模組(例如,程式、函數等等)來實施。軟體編碼可儲 存於記憶體單元(如圖1之記憶體單元132、182x或182y)内, 由處理器執行(如控制器130、180x或18〇y)。記憶體單元可 實施在處理器内部或處理器外部,在此情況丁,記憶體單 元可經由技術中熟知的各種構件以通信方式耦合至處理 器。 月|j面對該尊已揭露之具體實施例所作的說明可讓熟習技 術者製造或利用本發明。熟悉技術者應明白該等具體實施 例可進订各種修改’而且在此定義的—般原理可應用於其 他具體實施例而不背離本發明之精神或範疇。因此,本發 明並不意味著受限於在此所示的該等具體實施例,而係符 合與在此揭示的該等原理及新賴特徵相一致的最廣範脅。 【圖式簡單說明】 …顯示多重天線0歷系統中的一接取點及兩個使用 〇 \88\88997 OOC -36- 1339057 者終端; 圖2顯示接取點的發射器部分; 圖3顯示一編碼器; 圖4顯示一重複/擊穿單元及一通道交錯器; 圖5顯示子頻帶天線分配方案; 圖6顯示STTD方案之傳遞(TX)空間處理器; 圖7顯示SFTD方案之TX空間處理器; 圖8顯示一調變器; 圖9顯示具有多重天線之使用者終端; ; 圖1 0顯示於發射器實施傳遞多元化處理之程序;以及 圖11顯示於接收器實施具有傳遞多元化之資料接收的程 序。 【圖式代表符號說明】 100 多重天線OFDM系統 110 接取點 112 資料源 120 TX資料處理器 122 TX空間處理器 130 控制器 132 記憶體單元 134 排程器 140 RX空間處理器 142 RX資料處理器 212 成框單元 0 \88\88997 DOC - 37 - 1339057 2 14 攪亂器 216 編碼Is 218 重複/擊穿單元 220 交錯器 222 符號映射單元 3 12 多工器 320 多工器 412 重複單元 414 . 擊穿單元 416 多工器 418 邏輯單元 422 解多工器 426 多工器 428 邏輯單元 612 解多工器 622 解多工器 712 解多工器 720 空間頻率編碼器 810 OFDM調變器 812 可變大小反轉快速富利葉單元 814 循環前置碼產生器 820 發射器單元 912 接收器單元 914 循環前置碼移除單元 Ο \8S\88997 DOC - 3 8 1339057 916 可變大小快速富利葉單元 972 符號解映射單元 974 通道解交錯器 976 解碼器 978 解攪亂器 1000 傳遞多元化處理程序 1100 傳遞多元化之資料接收程序 122a TX空間處理器 122b . TX空間處理器 126a-126d 調變器 128a-128d 天線 1 28x 天線 150x 使用者終端 150y 使用者終端 152a-152r 多重天線 152a-152r 多重天線 152x 天線 154a-154r 解調變器 154a-154r 解調變器 154x 解調變器 1 60x RX空間處理器 1 60y RX空間處理器 170x RX資料處理器 170y RX資料處理器 0、觀8997 DOC -39- 1339057 180x 180y 1 82x 182y 314a-314f 316a-316d 318a-318d 424a-424d 624a-624b 626a-626b 628a-628b 630a-630d 724a 724b 730a-730d 控制器 控制器 記憶體單元 記憶體單元 延遲元件 加法器 加法器 區塊交錯器 〇〇 一 早兀 延遲單元 開關 緩衝器/多工器 早兀 一 早兀 緩衝器/多工器 O \88\88997 DOC -40 -

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1339057 第092129817號專利申請案 中文申請專利範圍替換本(99年7月) 9%· h· Mmm 拾、申請專利範圍: ----」 1. 一種在一無線多重天線正交分頻多工(〇FDM)通信系統中 之傳送處理資料的方法,該方法包括: 根據一編碼方案編碼流量資料以獲取編碼資料; 根據一交錯方案交錯該等編碼資料以獲取交錯資料; 根據凋I方案付號映射該等交錯資料以獲取一資料 符號流; 自該資料符號流形成至少一對資料符號;以及 處理各對資料符號以獲取兩對傳遞符號供自一對天線 傳送’其中各傳遞符號係一資料符號之一形式,此外,其 中該兩對傳遞符號將在至少—0FDM子頻帶上傳送,且更 進-步中該OFDM通信系統可以調整指定子頻帶之總 數。 2.如申請專利範圍第!項之方法,其中各對資料符號之該兩 對傳遞符號係於兩個〇FDM符號週期内自一對天線於該 同一子頻帶上傳送。 如申請專利範圍第㈣之方法,其中各對資料符號之該兩 對傳遞符號係於—個〇聰符號週期内自—對天線於兩 個子頻帶上傳送。 4.如申:專利範圍第i項之方法其中若Me,Ντ個天線可 用於貝料傳送,Ντ.(Ντ_1 V2個不同對天線用於傳遞該流中 的資料符號對。 5. 如申請專利範圍第1項 資料傳送,其中不同對 之方法’其中複數個子頻帶係用於 天線係用於使用於資料傳送之鄰近 88997-990730.doc 1339057 子頻帶。 fMTI 6·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該系統支援具有s個子 頻帶之一第一 OFDM符號大小及具有L個子頻帶之一第二 OFDM符號大小,其中s係一大於一的整數,[係s之一整 數倍。 7.如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其進一步包括: 為複數個天線形成複數個傳遞符號流;以及 根據該第一或第二OFDM符號大小轉換各傳遞符號流 以獲取一對應的OFDM符號流。 8_如申請專利範圍第〗項之方法,其中該編碼包括: 根據基本編碼來編碼該流量資料以於一固定編碼率 獲取編碼位元;以及 /該固定編碼率擊穿該等編碼位元以獲取於該系統支 援之複數個編碼率之—編碼率的編碼位元組成之該等編 碼資料。 9. 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法 碼率捲積編媽。 10. 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法 複數個擊穿圖案關聯。 11_如申請專利範圍第1項之 疋 八丨吨娜,a祜: 根據一基本編碼來編 獲取編碼位元;以及 里貝科以於-固定編碼 於該固定編碼率番 歿4等編碼位元以獲取 固定編碼率之編 ⑬取由低於 的蝙碼位兀組成的編碼資料。 其中該基本編碼係 1/2. 其中該等複數個編碼率 其中該編碼包括: 88997-990730.doc •2- 1339057 单月曰修正替- 12·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該交錯包括: 自該等編碼資料形成編碼位元序列,以及 根據該交錯方案為各該等序列,將該序列中之各編碼位 元映射至複數個子頻帶之一。 士申叫專利範圍第12項之方法,其中各編碼位元序列係指 疋於- OFDM符號週期内於該複數個子頻帶上傳送。 14_如申請專利範圍第㈣之方法,其中該交錯包括: 自該等編碼資料形成編碼位元序列, 若M^2,將各該等序列分隔成M區塊之編碼位元用於子 頻帶之Μ個非連接群組上傳送,其中一編碼位元區塊用於 各群組子頻帶,以及 對於各序列之Μ區塊之各區塊,根據該交錯方案映射該 區塊之各編碼位元至該區塊之該群組之該等子頻帶之一。 15. 如申請專利範圍第丨項之方法,其中該符號映射包括: 若Β21 ’群集該等交錯資料中之β位元組以形成β位元二 進制值,以及 根據該調變方案將各該等Β位元二進制值映射至一資料 符號,其中該調變方案係以格雷映射加以定義,使得在Β 位元中s玄調變方案之一信號分佈中之兩個鄰近資料符號 最多相差一個位元。 16. 如申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中該符號映射進一步 包括: 為各該等組重新排序該等Β位元,其中該等重新排序之 Β位元組係用於形成該等β位元二進制值。 88997-990730.doc y\jj / y\jj / ..ΤΤΓ . 月日修正替換頁I 1 7. —種無線多重天線正办八此夕 .〜_, « ’ 刀頻夕工(0FDM)通信系統之發射 益’其包括: =碼S ’其^運作俾根據—編瑪方案來編碼流量資料 獲取已編竭的資料; 又錯益’其可運作俾根據一交錯方案來交錯該等編碼 負料以獲取交錯資料; —符號映射單t其可運作俾根據—調變方案來符號映 射β寺交錯資料以獲取—f料符號流;以及 ,、傳遞空間處理器,其可運作俾自該資料符號流形成至 ^對資料符號’以及處理各對f料符號以獲取兩對傳遞 符就供自-對天線傳送,其中各傳遞符號係一資料符號之 弋此外其中s亥兩對傳遞符號將在至少一 〇fdM子 頻π上傳送,且更進一步,其中該〇fdm通信系統可以調 整指定子頻帶之總數。 1 8.如申s月專利乾圍第丨7項之發射器,其中該傳遞空間處理器 。系可運作以貫轭空間_時間傳遞多元化並於兩個〇fDM符 號週期内為各對資料符號提供該兩對傳遞符號。 19·如申請專利範圍第17項之發射器其中該傳遞空間處理器 係運作以β鈿空間頻率傳遞多元化,並於兩個子頻帶上為 各對資料符號提供該兩對傳遞符號。 2〇.如申吻專利範圍第1 7項之發射器,其中該系統支援具有S 個子頻帶之一第一 OFDM符號大小與具有L個子頻帶之一 第二OFDM符號大小,其中s係一大於一的整數,匕係3的 —整數倍。 88997-990730.doc ,ϋ正替換頁 21‘如申請專利範圍第2〇項之發射器’其進一步包括: 用於複數個天線之複數個調變器,各調變器為一關聯天 線運作轉換一傳遞付號流以獲取該天線之一對應 符號流。 22. —種無線多重天線正交分頻多工(〇fdm)通信系統之裝 置,其包括: 用於根據一編碼方案來編碼流量資料以獲取編碼資料 之構件; 用於根據一交錯方案來交錯該等編碼資料以獲取交錯 資料之構件; 用於根據一調變方案來符號映射該等交錯資料以獲取 一資料符號流之構件; 用於自該貢料符號流形成至少一對資料符號之構件; 以及 用於處理各對資料符號以獲取兩對傳遞符號供自一對 天線傳送之構件,其中各傳遞符號係一資料符號之一形式 此外,其中戎兩對傳遞符號將在至少—子頻帶上 傳送,且更進一步,其中該〇]?1)1^通信系統可以調整指定 子頻帶之總數。 23. 如申請專利範圍第22項之裝置’其中各對資料符號之該兩 對傳遞符號係於兩個0FDM符號週期内自一對天線上傳 达。 如申《月專利|巳圍第22項之裝置,其中各對資料符號之該兩 對傳遞符號係自-對天線上於兩個子頻帶上傳送。 88997-990730.doc 1339057 年月日ί!正替換頁 25·如申:專利範圍第22項之裝置,#中該系統支援具有§個 子頻γ之第一0FDM符號大小與具有L個子頻帶之一第 二OFDM符號大小,其中s係一大於一的整數,Μ』的一 整數倍。 26. 如申請專利範圍第25項之裝置,其進一步包括: 用於為複數個天線形成複數個傳遞符號流之構件;以及
用於根據該第-或第二_M符號大小轉換各傳遞符 號流以獲取對應之OFDM符號流的構件。 27. —種在一無線多重天線正交分頻多工(〇fdm)通信系統中 之處理傳送資料的方法,該方法包括: 根據一編碼方案來編碼流量資料以獲取編碼資料; 根據一交錯方案來交錯該等編碼資料以獲取交錯資料; 根據一調變方案來符號映射該等交錯資料以獲取—資 料符號流; 自該資料符號流形成至少一對資料符號;以及 解多工該資料符號流,使各對資料符號係自—對天線傳 送’並且連續對資料符號係自不同對天線傳送,此外,其 中該兩對傳遞符號將在至少一 OFDNI子頻帶上傳送,且更 進一步,其中該OFDM通信系統可以調整指定子頻帶之總 數。 28. 如申請專利範圍第27項之方法,其中該解多工係進一步以 使該等編碼資料之各編碼位元根據該編碼位元之一編碼 率自該編碼位元可用之最大數目之天線傳送。 29. 如申請專利範圍第27項之方法,其中該OFDM通信系統實 88997-990730.doc -6 - 丄 丄 U. 0-0—— 年月日修正替換頁 施正交分頻多工(OFDM)。 30.如申請專利範圍第29項之方 一 號係自-對天線於—子 ’、“⑽之各對貧料符 料符號傳送,其中鄰近子頻帶之資 枓符戒對係自不同對天線上傳送。 3 1 ·如申請專利範圍第 方法,其中該等編碼資料之各群 數目扁馬位元係經過交錯’其中s係用於資料傳送之子頻帶 32·:種,多重天線正交分頻多工(〇FDM)通信系統中之 傳达處理資料的方法’該方法包括: 據編碼方案來編碼流量資料以獲取編碼資料; 根據-X錯方案來交錯該等編碼資料以獲取交錯資料; 根據"周隻方案來符號映射該等交錯資料以獲取一資 料符號流,· 貝 自°玄貝料符號流形成至少-對資料符號;以及 解夕工5亥資料符號流使該流中之各對資料符號係自— 對天線於兩個子頻帶上傳送,此外,其中該OFDM通信系 統可以調整指定子頻帶之總數。 … η·如申請專利範圍第32項之方法,其令該流中之各對資料符 號係於用於資料傳送之兩個鄰近子頻帶上傳送。 34·如申請專魏圍第吻之方法,其進_步包括: Λ μ中的各對資料符號以獲取第一與第二對傳遞 符號,各傳遞符號係該對資料符號令之資料符號之一的— :式’其中該第一對傳遞符號係自該對天線於-第一子頻 帶上傳送’該第二對傳遞符號係自該對天線於-第二子頻 88997-990730.doc 1339057 殆:· 7 . 3 0-- 帶傳送。 年月日修正替換 35. 如申請專利範圍第34項之方法,其中該等第一與第二對傳 遞符號係同時於一 0FDM符號週期内分別於該第一與第 二子頻帶上傳送。 36. 種在一無線多重天線正交分頻多工(〇FDM)通信系統中 之一接收器處理資料的方法,該方法包括: 獲取所接收之符號的向量流,各向量包括N個接收天線 之N個接收符號’其宁n為一或更大; 自該所接收之符號的向量流形成至少一對向量; 處理各對向量以獲取兩個恢復資料符號,其係兩個資料 符號之估計當作自兩個傳遞天線之兩對傳遞符號傳送,各 傳遞符號係一資料符號之.一形式,其中一已恢復資料符號 流係用於接收符號之該向量流而獲得’此外,其中該兩對 傳遞符號將在至少一 0FDM子頻帶上傳送,且更進一步, 其中該OFDM通信系統可以調整指定子頻帶之總數; 根據一解調變方案來符號解映射該已恢復資料符號流 以獲取解調變資料; 根據一解交錯方案來解交錯該等解調變資料以獲取解 交錯資料;以及 根據一解碼方案來解碼該等解交錯資料以獲取解碼資 料。 37·如申請專利範圍第36項之方法,其中接收符號之各對向量 係用於兩個OFDM符號週期。 38.如申請專利範圍第36項之方法,其中接收符號之各對向量 88997-990730.doc 1339057 係用於兩個子頻帶。 ---- 39·如申請專利_第36項之方法,其中該系統支援具有_ 子頻帶之一第一0FDM符號大小與具有L·個子頻帶之一第 二0FDM符號大小,其中S係—大於一的整數,L係S的一 整數倍。 4〇·如申請專利範圍第39項之方法,其進一步包括: 根據。玄第一或第二〇FDM符號大小為N個接收天線之各 天線轉換一樣本流,以獲取該接收天線之一對應已接收符 號机其中已接收符號之該向量流係自N個接收天線之N 個接收符號流獲得。 41. 如申請專利範圍第36項之方法,其中N=l並且各向量包括 一接收天線之一接收符號。 42. 如申印專利範圍第36項之方法其中並且各向量包括 多重接收天線之多個接收符號。 43. —種無線多重天線正交分頻多工(〇fdm)通信系統之接收 器,其包括: 一接收空間處理器,其可運作以接收已接收到的符號之 一向量流,且自該所接收之符號的向量流形成至少一對向 置,並處理各對向量以獲取兩個恢復資料符號,其係兩個 資料符號之估計當作自兩個傳遞天線之兩對傳遞符號傳 送,各傳遞符號係一資料符號之一形式,其令各向量包括 N個接收天線之N個已接收到的符號,其中N為一或更大, 其中一已恢復資料符號流係用於已接收的符號之該向量 k而獲仔此外,其中s亥兩對傳遞符號將在至少一 〇fdm 8S997-990730.doc -9- 1339057 、另·替換頁 子頻帶上傳送,且更進一步,其中該〇FDM通信系統可以 調整指定子頻帶之總數; 一符號解映射單元,其可運作以根據一解調變方案來符 號解映射該已恢復資料符號流以獲取解調變資料; 解又錯益,其可運作以根據一解交錯方案解交錯該等 解調變資料以獲取解交錯資料;以及 一解碼器,其可運作以根據一解碼方案來解碼該等解交 錯資料以獲取解碼資料。 44. 如申請專利範圍第43項之接收器,其令已接收的符號之各 對向量係用於兩個OFDM符號週期。 45. 如申請專利範圍第43項之接收器,其中已接收的符號之各 對向量係用於兩個子頻帶。 46. 如申請專利範圍第43項之接收器,其中該系統支援具有s 個子頻帶之一第一OFDM符號大小與具有L個子頻帶之一 第二OFDM符號大小,其中s係一大於一的整數,[係5的 ^ 一整數倍。 47. 如申請專利範圍第46項之接收器,其進一步包括: 該N個接收天線之N個解調變器,各解調變器可運作以 根據該第一或第二0FDM符號大小為一關聯接收天線轉 換一樣本流以獲取該接收天線之一對應已接收的符號流 ,其中已接收的符號之該向量流係自該N個接收天線之N 個接收符號流獲得。 48. —種無線多重天線正交分頻多工(〇FDM)通信系統之裝 置,其包括: 88997-990730.doc -10- 1339057 用於獲取接收之符號的一向量流之错此々 里抓之構件,各向量包括N 個接收天線之N個接收符號,其中N為—或更大; 用於自該所接收之符號的向量流形成至少—對向直之 構件; 用於處理各對向量以獲取兩個恢復資料符號之構件該 等已恢復資料符號係兩個資料符號之估計#作自兩個傳 遞天線之兩對傳遞符號傳送,各傳遞符號係一資料符號之 -形式,其中-恢復資料符號流係、為接收符號之該向量流 而獲得,此外,其中該兩對傳遞符號將在 頻帶上傳送,且更進-步,盆"_子 乂 /、肀5亥OFDM通信系統可以調 整指定子頻帶之總數; 用於根據-解調變方案來符號解映射該已恢復資料符 號流以獲取解調變資料之構件; 用於根據一解交錯方案來解交錯該等 取解交錯資料之構件;以及 抖以獲 用於根據-解碼方案來解石馬該等解交錯資料以獲取解 碼資料之構件。 49.如申請專利範圍第48項之裝置,其中接收符號之各對向量 係用於兩個OFDM符號週期。 5〇·如申請專利範圍第48項之褒置,其中接收符號之各對向量 係用於兩個子頻帶。 Η•如申請專利範圍第48項之裝置,$中㈣統支援具有㈣ 子頻帶之—第一0FDM符號大小與具有L個子頻帶之一第 一 OFDM符旎大小’其中8係_大於一的整數,[係呂的— 88997-990730.doc iy^ V. -JiJ- 年月日修正替換頁I 整數倍。 52.如申請專利範圍第51項之裝置其進一步包括: 用於根據該第一或第二OFDM符號大小為N個接收天線 之各天線轉換一樣本流以獲取該接收天線之一對應接收 符號流之構件,其中接收符號之該向量流係自接收天 線之N個接收符號流獲取。
88997-990730.doc 12·
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US20040081073A1 (en) 2004-04-29
US8934329B2 (en) 2015-01-13
US20100208841A1 (en) 2010-08-19
CN1717889A (zh) 2006-01-04
EP1556983B1 (en) 2013-06-05
JP2006504366A (ja) 2006-02-02
IL167572A0 (en) 2009-02-11
AU2009201783A1 (en) 2009-05-28
BRPI0315520B1 (pt) 2017-03-07
BR0315520A (pt) 2005-09-27
AU2003284943C1 (en) 2009-07-23
CA2501449A1 (en) 2004-05-06
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HK1086123A1 (en) 2006-09-08
WO2004038987A2 (en) 2004-05-06
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KR101073331B1 (ko) 2011-10-12
AU2003284943A1 (en) 2004-05-13
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US7002900B2 (en) 2006-02-21
CA2501449C (en) 2012-11-27
MXPA05004194A (es) 2005-06-08
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AU2009201783B2 (en) 2011-04-21

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