TWI304321B - Layered products, electromagnetic wave shielding molded articles and method for production thereof - Google Patents

Layered products, electromagnetic wave shielding molded articles and method for production thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI304321B
TWI304321B TW92136689A TW92136689A TWI304321B TW I304321 B TWI304321 B TW I304321B TW 92136689 A TW92136689 A TW 92136689A TW 92136689 A TW92136689 A TW 92136689A TW I304321 B TWI304321 B TW I304321B
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
thermoplastic resin
laminate
molded article
resin
electromagnetic wave
Prior art date
Application number
TW92136689A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
TW200421968A (en
Inventor
Masato Honma
Souichi Ishibashi
Yoshiki Takebe
Haruo Obara
Takeshi Nishizawa
Kosuke Shiho
Seiichiro Eto
Takashi Hasegawa
Hideaki Tanisugi
Original Assignee
Toray Industries
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Publication of TW200421968A publication Critical patent/TW200421968A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of TWI304321B publication Critical patent/TWI304321B/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/82Testing the joint
    • B29C65/8207Testing the joint by mechanical methods
    • B29C65/8215Tensile tests
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3032Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30321Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of protrusions belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30322Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of protrusions belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined in the form of rugosity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3034Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of additional elements, e.g. meshes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141Fibres of continuous length
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73115Melting point
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73117Tg, i.e. glass transition temperature
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7316Surface properties
    • B29C66/73161Roughness or rugosity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73751General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized
    • B29C66/73752General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being uncured
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B29C66/73941General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset characterised by the materials of both parts being thermosets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/003Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised by the matrix material, e.g. material composition or physical properties
    • B29C70/0035Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised by the matrix material, e.g. material composition or physical properties comprising two or more matrix materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/04Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as impregnant, bonding, or embedding substance
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Description

1304321 玖、發明說明: (一) 發明所屬之技術領域 本發明係有關於一種以由多條連續的單絲所成強化纖 維群強化的纖維強化樹脂之積層體及其製造方法。本發明係 有關一種對其他構造構件、即其他熱塑性樹脂所成的構造構 件而言可堅固地一體化積層體。本發明係有關於使積層體與 其他構造構件藉由一體化形成的成形品廢棄時,使該成形品 每個零件容易分解、分開,各零件可再利用的積層體。 本發明係有關一種使以由多條連續的單絲所成強化纖 維群強化的纖維強化樹脂之積層體與其他構造構件藉由一 體化形成的電磁波屏蔽成形品。 此等之一體化成形品以使用於電氣·電子機器、辦公室 自動化機器、家電機器、醫療機器之零件、構件或框體、以 及車輛構件、飛機構件、建築構件等較佳。 (二) 先前技術 以由多條連續的單絲所成強化纖維群強化的樹脂形成 之成形體(FRP)廣泛作爲各種零件或形成構造體之構件使用 。以熱固性樹脂爲基體之成形體可使含浸熱固性樹脂之預漬 體藉由壓製成形、或樹脂轉移模塑(RTM)等之成形方法形成 成形體製造。 然而,由熱固性樹脂所成的FRP,無法以單一成形步驟 製造具有複雜形狀之零件或構造體。因此,具有複雜形狀之 零件或構造體係藉由作成該由FRP所成的數種構件,然後使 此等構件一體化予以製造。 -6 - 1304321 該一體化手法可使用瓶子、鉚釘、珠子等之機械接合方 法、或使用黏合劑黏合的方法。以機械接合方法由於必須預 先使接合部分加工之加工步驟,故不易降低生產成本,而且 就外觀而言在使用用途上受到限制的問題。使用黏合劑之黏 合方法由於必須準備黏合劑或含有黏合劑之塗覆作業之黏 合步驟,故有不易降低生產成本的問題,而且,會有黏合強 度之可靠性無法得到滿足的問題。 使以熱塑性樹脂形成的構件與由熱固性樹脂所成FRP 形成的構件一體化方法,有jp i 01 3 8 3 54 A提案。該方法係 由強化用碳纖維群與熱固性樹脂所成預漬體片板表面上積 層熱塑性樹脂薄膜且形成第1積層體之第1步驟,與形成在 所得第1積層體上使熱固性樹脂硬化、薄膜不會流動的條件 下施加熱壓、貼附熱塑性樹脂薄膜之碳纖維強化熱固性樹脂 所成第2積層體之第2步驟,與使所得第2積層體加入模具 中、對第2積層體之熱塑性樹脂薄膜表面而言使熱塑性樹脂 射出成形且藉由射出成形形成的熱塑性樹脂構件(芯構件) 與第2積層體(表面構件)接合的第3步驟所成。藉由該方法 ’由於使由熱塑性樹脂所成芯構件與表面構件經由表面構件 之熱塑性樹脂薄膜接合,故對該接合部之接合強度沒有特別 的限制。 然而’表面構件之熱固性樹脂與熱塑性樹脂薄膜之接合 部中接合強度有不充分的問題。該後者之接合部係藉由熱固 性樹脂與熱塑性樹脂接合形成。換言之,係因藉由不同材料 間之接合形成之故。 7- 1304321 (三)發明內容 本發明目的之一係提供該異種材料間之接合強度中降 習知不安性的積層體。 、 纖維強化樹脂(FRP)廣泛作爲各種製品之形成材料。另 夕% ’要求此等製品輕量化。換言之,促進以筆記部電腦、攜 帶型電腦、攜帶型資訊終端機爲典型之普及化,市場上強烈 企:求薄型、輕量的製品。伴隨於此,構成製品之框體或內部 構件要求具有薄型性、輕量化、以及高剛性。 對該要求而言,係活用鎂合金。要求高剛性更爲提高, 檢討活用鋁合金等具更高剛性之金屬材料。然而,此等金屬 材料不易以良好量產性且生產複雜形狀之構件或製品。 在JP 200卜298 277A中提案使金屬製成形品與射出成形 的肋部以環氧樹脂系塗料黏合、一體化所成的框體。於 JP06-029684 A中提案使金屬板與合成樹脂成形體一體化所 成的電磁波屏蔽框體。然而,此等框體即使可滿足薄型性與 高剛性,惟由於金屬材料之比重大,結果無法滿足輕量性。 使由異種材料形成的構件一體化之此等製品,就考慮製 品回收性而言會有各構件不易分離•分開,產生不同材料沾 污情形,且無法使各構件再利用,伴隨回收會有成本提高的 問題。 本發明有鑑於習知技術之問題,係以提供可容易實施與 其他構件一體化,且具有優異黏合強度之積層體及其製法。 使用該積層體的一體化成形品可使用於不僅具有優異的力 學特性、輕量性、電磁波蔽屏性,且兼具創意性、回收性之 -8 - 1304321 電氣·電子機器、攜帶型資訊終端機等之框體或汽車、飛機 等之輸送機器之構造材。 本發明積層體之第1形態: 本發明之積層體,其特徵爲由熱固性樹脂層、熱塑性樹 脂層、及多條連續的單絲所成強化纖維群形成,該熱固性樹 脂層與熱塑性樹脂層在此等層界面中熱固性樹脂層之樹脂 與熱塑性樹脂層之樹脂具有凹凸形狀、予以一體化,該強化 纖維群中一群單絲至少接合於熱固性樹脂層之樹脂,及強化 纖維群中其餘的單絲至少接合於熱塑性樹脂層之樹脂所成 的成形體,且熱塑性樹脂層界面的反側面位於該成形體的表 面。 於本發明之積層體中,以多條連續的單絲成一方向配列 ’熱固性樹脂層與熱塑性樹脂層之界面存在於強化纖維群中 較佳。 於本發明之積層體中,以形成熱固性樹脂層之樹脂的玻 璃轉移溫度爲60 °C以上較佳。 於本發明之積層體中,以於熱塑性樹脂層中存在連續的 單絲範圍之最大厚度爲ΙΟμπι以上較佳。該最大厚度爲 Ι,ΟΟΟμιη以下較佳。 於本發明之積層體中,以熱塑性樹脂層之表面積爲積層 體表面積之0.1〜50 %較佳。 於本發明之積層體中,可以位於與熱塑性樹脂層反面的 積層體面上形成有與由熱固性樹脂、熱塑性樹脂、及多條連 續的單絲所成強化纖維群形成者相同構造所成的層。 -9- 1304321 於本發明之積層體中,以說明書中所定義的積層體試驗 片以IS〇45 87爲基準、黏合強度在室溫下以6MPa以上較佳 〇 於本發明之積層體中,以構成強化纖維群之多條連續的 單絲爲碳纖維較佳。 於本發明之積層體中,以熱固性樹脂爲以環氧樹脂爲主 成份之樹脂較佳。 於本發明中,熱塑性樹脂以至少一種選自於聚醯胺系樹 脂、聚酯樹脂、聚碳酸酯系樹脂、苯乙烯系樹脂、Eva樹脂 、胺基甲酸酯系樹脂、丙烯酸系樹脂、聚烯烴系樹脂、PPS 系樹脂較佳。 本發明積層體之第2形態: 本發明之積層體,其特徵爲由在熱固性基體樹脂中配置 有多條連續的單絲所成強化纖維群之熱固性樹脂組成物、與 至少部分熱固性樹脂組成物表面上所形成的熱塑性樹脂組 成物所成被膜形成的積層體,且該積層體與經由被膜黏合的 其他成形品之以說明書定義的垂直黏合強度於溫度40°C爲 lOMPa以上,且於溫度140°C爲低於lOMPa。 本發明之積層體中以由熱塑性樹脂組成物所成的被膜 之平均厚度爲0.1〜1,〇〇〇μπι較佳。 本發明之積層體中以構成強化纖維群之多條連續的單 絲爲碳纖維較佳。 本發明之積層體中以熱固性樹脂爲以環氧樹脂爲主成 份之樹脂。 -10- 1304321 本發明之積層體中以熱塑性樹脂爲至少一種選自於聚 醯胺系樹脂、聚酯系樹脂、聚碳酸酯系樹脂、苯乙烯系樹脂 、EVA樹脂、胺甲酸酯系樹脂、丙烯酸系樹脂、聚烯烴系樹 脂、PPS系樹脂較佳。 本發明積層體之製法: 本發明之積層體製法,其特徵爲在多條連續的單絲所成 強化纖維群中含浸硬化前之熱固性樹脂形成的預漬體表面 上’配置由熱塑性樹脂所成的熱黏合用基材,於該熱固性樹 脂之硬化反應時、或於硬化反應前之預熱時,使該熱黏合用 基材之熱塑性樹脂含浸於強化纖維群中所成。 本發明積層體之製法中以在強化纖維群中含浸熱塑性 樹脂時,使壓力0.1 MPa以上之加壓力作用所成較佳。 本發明之一體化成形品: 本發明之一體化成形品’其特徵爲使本發明之積層體所 成第1構件、與由其他構造構件所成的第2構件,經由第1 構件之熱塑性樹脂黏合所成。 本發明之一體化成形品中以弟2構件爲至少一種選自 於本發明積層體所成構件、由熱塑性樹脂組成物所成的構件 、由金屬材料所成的構件較佳。 本發明一體化成形品之具體例有電氣·電子機器、Ο A機 器、家電機器、醫療機器之零件、構件或框架,以及汽車、 摩托車、腳踏車、飛機、建材用零件、構件或平板。 本發明一體化成形品之製法: 本發明一體化成形品之製法’其特徵爲使本發明之積層 1304321 體所成第1構件、與由其他構造構件所成的第2構件,以至 少一種選自於熱熔融、振動熔融、超音波熔融、雷射熔融、 內部射出成形、外部射出成形之一體化方法予以一體化。 本發明之熱黏合用基材: 本發明之熱黏合用基材,其係於爲使同種及/或異種被 附體熱黏合時之基材中,其特徵爲以說明書中定義的積層體 試驗片以 IS 04 5 87爲基準、黏合強度在溫度 100 °c下爲 5.0MPa以上、且於溫度200°C下爲l.OMPa以下。 本發明之熱黏合用基材中以溫度t(°C)時之黏合強度爲 St(MPa)、溫度(t + 30)(t:)時黏合強度爲 S(t+ 30)(MPa)時,滿 足Stg 3xS(t+ 3G)之關係的溫度t爲100〜200°C較佳。 本發明之熱黏合用基材中,以基材爲由共聚合聚醯胺系 樹脂組成物所成較佳。該共聚合聚醯胺以含有3元共聚合聚 醯胺6/66/610作爲構成成份較佳。 本發明之熱黏合用基材中基材具有不織布或薄膜形態 ,單位面積重量爲1〜100g/m2較佳。 本發明之熱黏合用基材以使用作爲本發明積層體製法 之熱黏合用基材較佳。 本發明之電磁波屏蔽成形品: 本發明之電磁波屏蔽成形品,其係於使配置有多條連續 的單絲所成導電性纖維群之樹脂組成物形成的第i構造體、 與由熱塑性樹脂組成物所成的第2構造體一體化所得成形品 中,其特徵爲第1構造體以KEC法測定的頻率數1GHz之電 磁波屏蔽性爲40dB以上。 1304321 本發明之電磁波屏蔽成形品中以第1構造爲構成強化 纖維群之多條連續的單絲爲碳纖維之本發明積層體較佳。 本發明之電磁波屏蔽成形品中以第1構造體以 ASTM-D7 90爲基準的彎曲彈性率於下述定義的試驗片中爲 8GPa以上較佳。 本發明之電磁波屏蔽成形品中以第1構造體之平均厚 度爲1.6mm以下較佳。 本發明之電磁波屏蔽成形品中以自外部觀察時多條連 續的單絲之配列狀態爲基準觀察型式較佳。 本發明之電磁波屏蔽成形品中第1構造體之樹脂組成 物視成形品用途而定以選自於熱固性樹脂、或熱塑性樹脂較 佳。 本發明之電磁波屏蔽成形品中第2構造體之熱塑性樹 脂組成物以包含不連續碳纖維,以該碳纖維之重量平均纖維 長Lw爲0.4mm以上且重量平均纖維長Lw與數平均纖維長 Ln之比爲Lw/Ln爲1.3〜2.0較佳。 本發明之電磁波屏蔽成形品中成形品爲電氣·電子機器 、OA機器、家電機器、醫療機器之零件、構件或框架。而 且,本發明之電磁波屏蔽成形品,其中至少部分框架之頂面 部上設置第1構造體,且在包含框體之框架、主架、肋部、 折葉部、線及此等之構件上設置第2構造體所成。 本發明電磁波屏蔽成形品之製法: 本發明之電磁波屏蔽成形品的製法,其特徵爲由預先成 形的第1構造體放置於模具內部之第1步驟,然後形成第2 - 1 3 - 1304321 構造體之熱塑性樹脂組成物對內部的第1構造體而言射出於 模具,使該第2構造體與第1構造體一體化之第2步驟所成 〇 本發明之電磁波屏蔽成形品的製法’其特徵爲使預先成 形的第1構造體、與預先藉由射出成形所成形的第2構造體 以超音波熔融一體化所成。 (四)實施方式 實施發明之最佳形態 本發明積層體之第1形態: 第1圖係表示積層體5。積層體5係由下面4a朝向上面 4b順序積層5層所成。換言之,積層體5係由第1層1 a、 第2層2a、第3層3、第4層2b、第5層lb所成。 第2層係表示第1層la之部分截面的擴大圖。第2圖 係爲使用掃描型電子顯微鏡(SEM)攝影第1層la之部分截面 所得照片爲基準作成的圖。 第1層la係爲本發明積層體A1之一例。積層體A1(第 1層1 a)係由熱固性樹脂層1 1、與熱塑性樹脂層1 2、與由多 條連I買單絲1 3 a、1 3 b所成強化纖維群所成。熱固性樹脂層 11與熱塑性樹脂層12係於此等層n、12之界面ι4中具有 凹凸形狀予以一體化。強化纖維群1 3內一群單絲丨3 a至少 接合於熱固性樹脂層1 1,且強化纖維群1 3內其餘的單絲1 3 b 至少接5於熱塑性樹脂層1 2之樹脂。與熱塑性樹脂層1 2之 界面I4反面設於積層體A1(第1層ia)表面上。 積層體A 1 (第1層1 a )係爲在由多條連續的單絲丨3 a、丨3 b 1304321 所成強化纖維群1 3中,含浸硬化前之熱固性樹脂所成預漬 體表面上配置由熱塑性樹脂所成熱黏合用基材,於熱固性樹 脂硬化反應時、或於硬化反應前之預熱時,使熱黏合用基材 之熱塑性樹脂含浸於強化纖維群1 3予以製成者。 於所製造的積層體A 1 (第1層1 a)中,熱固性樹脂形成 熱固性樹脂層1 1,且熱塑性樹脂形成熱塑性樹脂層1 2。熱 塑性樹脂含浸於強化纖維群1 3中,換言之,藉由在形成強 化纖維群13之多條單絲13a、13b間浸透熱塑性樹脂,以形 成熱固性樹脂層1 1與熱塑性樹脂層1 2之界面1 4的凹凸形 狀。 上述預漬體係爲視其所需由數個強化纖維群1 3所成’ 此等強化纖維群使用朝預漬體之寬度方向配列、或朝預漬體 之厚度方向積層的預漬體。於第2圖中,係表示預漬體中爲 於最外層之強化纖維群1 3。 積層體A 1之強化纖維群1 3係由至少一方向上連續經過 1 0mm以上長度之多條單絲構成。強化纖維群1 3可在積層體 A1之長度方向全長、或在積層體A1之寬度方向全長、不一 定必需連續,亦可在途中分斷。 強化纖維群1 3之形態例爲由多條單絲所成單絲束(纖維 束),由該纖維束構成的交叉、多條單絲朝一方向配列的單 絲束(一方向性纖維束)、由該一方向性纖維束構成的一方向 性交叉。就預漬體或積層體之生產性而言,以交叉、一方向 性纖維束較佳。積層體A 1之強化纖維群可以由同一形態的 數條纖維束構成、或可以由不同形態的數條纖維束構成。視 - 1 5 - 1304321 其所需,可使用在積層的強化纖維群之積層間積層其他基材 所成的三明治形態。 第1圖之積層體5係如所述由5層所成的積層體。第1 層la與第5層lb具有相同構造。第5層lb之表面4b相當 於第1層la之表面4a。第2層2a與第4層2b具有相同構 造。此等層2a、2b係由基體樹脂(例如環氧系樹脂)與強化纖 維群(例如碳纖維群)所構成。第3層3相同地由基體樹脂( 例如環氧系樹脂)與強化纖維群(例如碳纖維群)所構成。第1 圖之積層體A1中,爲控制全體之力學特性,故各層1 a、2 a 、3、2b、1 b中強化纖維群之配列方向被改變。特別是就有 效地提高積層體A 1之彈性率或強度而言,以使用一方向性 纖維束較佳。積層體A1爲薄物、限制層數時,積層體A1 之長尺方向爲〇度方向時最外積層1 a、1 b之強化纖維群的 配向方向以約4 5度積層較佳。 由積層體A 1所形成的成形品,爲賦予交叉外觀時積層 體A 1之最外積層的強化纖維群以使用平織、緞紋織、或斜 紋織等交叉較佳。 構成一個強化纖維群之單絲數,通常爲300〜48,000。 單絲數以300〜12,000較佳、更佳者爲1,000〜6,000。就具 有優美交叉外觀而言該範圍之單絲數較佳。 以往,在強化纖維群強化的熱固性樹脂層表面上附著熱 塑性樹脂層而成的積層體係爲已知。該習知積層體經由附著 於表面之熱塑性樹脂,接合於其他被附體上。藉由該接合製 造企求的成形品。 -16- 1304321 習知的積層體係藉由以在熱固性樹脂硬化的強化纖維 群強化的熱固性樹脂層表面上使用黏合劑附著熱塑性樹脂 層予以製造。或習知積層體在含有強化纖維群之未硬化的熱 固性樹脂層表面上形成熱塑性樹脂層,然後於熱固性樹脂硬 化時使熱塑性樹脂層熔融,該熔融的熱塑性樹脂不會使強化 纖維群配列混亂的狀態,即熔融的熱塑性樹脂不會進入強化 纖維群中的狀態下,使熱塑性樹脂附著於熱固性樹脂層表面 予以製造。習知的積層體可使用製造於其表面經由熱塑性樹 脂接合於其他被附體的成形品。然而,視成形品而定,有受 外力作用者,此時熱塑性樹脂層與被附體之接合部會產生破 損問題,或有熱固性樹脂層與熱塑性樹脂層之接合部會產生 破損問題。 該問題可藉由本發明積層體A1解決。積層體A1之特 徵係爲熱固性樹脂層之樹脂與熱塑性樹脂層之樹脂界面具 有凹凸形狀予以一體化,強化纖維群內一群單絲至少接合於 熱固性樹脂層之樹脂,強化纖維群內其餘的單絲至少接合於 熱塑性樹脂層之樹脂的成形體。該特徵亦包含強化纖維群之 單絲於其長度方向中部分接合於熱固性樹脂層之樹脂,且其 他部分接合於熱塑性樹脂層之樹脂。該特徵係習知積層體中 所沒有的特徵。 檢測本發明積層體A 1之構造與習知積層體構造之3種 試驗方法,使用第3〜7圖說明。 第1試驗方法係使積層體表層部之截面藉由掃描型電 子顯微鏡(SEM)或透過型電子顯微鏡(Tem)觀察爲基準。截 1304321 面之觀察視其所需可以攝影的截面照片爲基準予以進行。觀 察的試驗片係爲使用自積層體切出的表層部分作成的薄切 片。該做成會有強化纖維群之單絲部分脫落情形,惟在不會 影響觀察時沒有關係。試驗片爲調整觀察之對照時,視其所 需可以被染色。 構成強化纖維群之單絲通常作爲圓形截面觀察。單絲脫 落時,通常作爲圓形脫落痕跡觀察。位於構成強化纖維群之 單絲部分外的部分,作爲熱固性樹脂層與熱塑性樹脂層兩個 不同對照範圍觀察。 本發明積層體A1之觀察結果如第3圖所示。於第3圖 中熱塑性樹脂層22之樹脂呈現進入構成強化纖維群23之多 條單絲23a、23b間之間隙中的狀態,另外,熱固性樹脂層 2 1與熱塑性樹脂層22之界面24呈具有凹凸形狀之狀態。藉 由該含有多條單絲之凹凸形狀的介面24存在,可使熱固性 樹脂層2 1與熱塑性樹脂層22堅固地接合。 習知積層體PA之觀察結果如第4圖所示。於第4圖中 熱塑性樹脂3 2之樹脂呈現沒有進入構成強化纖維群3 3之多 條單絲33a、33b中的狀態,另外,呈現熱固性樹脂層3丨與 熱塑性樹脂層3 2之界面3 4具有大約直線形狀的狀態。該界 面3 4之形狀有大約直線形狀,該界面3 4由於實質上沒有設 置多條單絲,故習知積層體P A中熱固性樹脂層3 1與熱塑性 樹脂層3 2之黏合力與本發明之積層體A 1相比,對來自外部 之作用而言相當弱。 第2之試驗方法以使積層體表層部分之熱塑性樹脂以 -18- 1304321 溶劑萃取除去狀態之截面藉由掃描型電子顯微鏡(S EM)或透 過性電子顯微鏡(TEM)觀察爲基準。截面之觀察視其所需以 截面照片爲基準進行。使積層體切成長度10mm、寬度10mm 之試驗片。於該試驗片中使熱塑性樹脂層以構成該物之樹脂 的良溶劑充分洗淨,除去熱塑性樹脂,作成觀察用試驗片。 所作成的試驗片之截面使用SEM(或TEM)觀察。 本發明積層體A1之觀察結果如第5圖所示。於第5圖 中熱固性樹脂層41具有構成強化纖維群43之單絲43a存在 '具有熱固性樹脂層4 1與凹凸形狀之界面44存在的熱塑性 樹脂層,爲於試驗片作成時藉由溶劑除去而不存在。觀察界 面44之凹凸形狀、且在存在熱塑性樹脂層之位置上觀察構 成強化纖維群43之單絲43b,在此等單絲43b之間觀察空隙 45。藉此證明在積層體A 1之熱塑性樹脂層中存在有構成強 化纖維群4 3之單絲4 3 b。 以相同試驗片爲基準習知積層體PA之觀察結果如第6 圖所示於習知積層體PA中熱塑性樹脂層之樹脂沒有浸透 至位於熱固性樹脂層5 1中之構成強化纖維群5 3的單絲5 3 a ' 5 3b。於試驗片製作時,除去熱塑性樹脂層,與硬化性樹 脂層51之界面54實質上以直線形狀觀察,在存在該界面54 之熱塑性樹脂層側上沒有觀察到如第5圖所示單絲43與此 等間之空隙4 5。 第3之試驗方法係以觀察在積層體A 1上接合其他構件 作爲被附體B1(圖中沒有顯示)一體化的成形品C1(圖中沒有 顯示)中自一方強制剝離另一方時製得的狀態爲基準。該試 -19- 1304321 驗方法係使一體化成形品c 1在積層體A 1與被附體B 1之間 遭受破壞下,在室溫下藉由強制剝離進行。剝離的被附體 B 1上附著部分積層體A 1表層作爲殘份。該殘份以顯微鏡觀 察。 實施第3試驗方法所得的試驗片之狀態例如第7圖所示 。於第7圖中呈現在被附體B 1之端部接合積層體A 1表面之 接合部61,在部分該接合部分61上觀察有積層體A1之表 層部的部分殘份62。該殘份62係存在有自位於積層體A1 表層之強化纖維素脫落的數條單絲。另外,該殘份沒有附著 於被附體B 1時,或於殘份中沒有觀察到單絲時,於積層體 中表面熱塑性樹脂層之樹脂沒有浸透至強化纖維群中,該積 層體不具本發明之作用、效果。 本發明積層體之構造特徵可以上述至少一種之試驗方 法驗證。 本發明之積層體A 1以提高與其他被附體b〗之黏合強 度爲目的時,於熱塑性樹脂層1 2中存在連續的單絲1 3 b範 圍之最大厚度Tpf以ΙΟμιη以上較佳、更佳者爲20μχη以上 、最佳者爲40μιη以上。該最大厚度Tpf-max定義爲於熱塑 性樹脂層1 2之厚度方向中,接合於熱塑性樹脂層1 2之樹脂 的最外側(表面側)之單絲1 3 b - 〇 u t、與自熱塑性樹脂層1 2之 樹脂表面深入的厚度爲最大部分時,接合於熱塑性樹脂層i 2 之樹脂的最內側單絲1 3b-in-max間之距離(Tpf-max)。最大 厚度Tpf-max於藉由第1試驗方法或第2試驗方法所得的 SEM或TM照片中可測得。最大厚度Tpf_max在最大爲 -20- 1304321 1,000μπι時,可充分達成本發明之效果。 最小厚度Tpf-min係定義爲熱塑性樹脂層12之厚度方 向中接合於熱塑性樹脂層1 2之樹脂之最外側(表面層)的單 絲1 3 b - 〇 u t、與自熱塑性樹脂層1 2之樹脂表面深入的厚度爲 最小部份時,接合於熱塑性樹脂層1 2之樹脂的最內側的單 絲 13b-in-miri 間之距離(Tpf-min)。 於積層體A 1中熱固性樹脂層1 1與熱塑性樹脂層1 2之 界面如第2圖所示,以存在於朝一方向延伸的多條單絲1 3 a 、1 3 b所成強化纖維群1 3中較佳。於積層體a 1中強化纖維 群13朝厚度方向數層積層存在時,界面14只要是存在於最 外層之強化纖維群1 3中,一般即爲充分。 形成本發明積層體A 1之熱固性樹脂層1 1的樹脂,爲製 得力學特性優異的積層體A1時,以硬化反應者較佳,其玻 璃轉移溫度以60°C以上較佳、更佳者爲80°C以上、最佳者 爲100°C以上。玻璃轉移溫度係藉由示差掃描熱量測定(Dsc) 之習知測定方法測定。例如使積層體A1之熱固性樹脂層1 1 在沒有使強化纖維群1 3分離下切出,作成測定片,由該測 定片之吸熱波峰特定玻璃轉移溫度。伴隨熱固性樹脂之硬化 反應進行’其玻璃轉移溫度移至高溫側,且有吸熱波峰變小 的傾向。
本發明之積層體A 1與其他被附體B1接合形成一體化 成形品時’爲製得優異的黏合效果時在積層體A 1之表面上 設置的熱塑性樹脂層1 2與被附體B 1,必須以相向的狀態接 合。在積層體A 1表面上設置的熱塑性樹脂層丨2之面積S ~ 21 - 1304321 係視可確保與預定接合的被附體B 1之接合力面積予以決定 。面積S不一定必須爲必要以上之値。然而,就製造一體化 成形品之步驟性而言,積層體A 1與被附體B 1相接面亦可以 全部存在熱塑性樹脂層1 2。 熱塑性樹脂層1 2於積層體A 1表面上部分形成時,積層 體A1之表面積中佔有熱塑性樹脂層12之面積以0.1〜50 % 較佳、更佳者爲10〜30%。另外,就積層體A1之理想觀點 而言如第1圖所示熱塑性樹脂層1 2亦可以形成於積層體A 1 兩面上。此時,爲使積層體A1之積層構造對稱,積層體A1 之尺寸安定性佳。 本發明之積層體A 1在室溫狀態下不具與其他被附體B 1 之積極黏合力,惟藉由加熱等可使熱塑性樹脂層1 2形成熔 融狀態時,可與其他被附體B 1容易黏合,且積層體A 1與被 附體B 1 —體化。 本發明積層體A1以IS 045 87所規定的黏合強度AS於 室溫中以6MPa以上較佳、更佳者爲8MPa以上、最佳者爲 l〇MPa以上。黏合強度AS之上限沒有特別的限制,爲30MPa 以下時可充分達成本發明之效果。 爲進行測定黏合強度AS時之試驗片可藉由下述說明的 方法準備。 試驗片TPI之形狀及尺寸大小可以IS 045 87之規定爲基 準,如第8圖所示。試驗片TP1之長度TP1L爲100mm、寬 度TPIW爲25mm。試驗片TP1由2片作成。由積層體A1 之形狀不易切成此等尺寸所成的試驗片時,以使第8圖所示 -22- 1304321 形狀比例性縮小的尺寸所成試驗片代用。 使用的2片試驗片TP 1間各朝向接合熱塑性樹脂層! 2 接合。該接合部B P之長度B P L爲1 2.5 m m。熱塑性樹脂層 1 2之樹脂直至充分熔融的溫度下使雙方試驗片TP 1加熱, 使兩者黏合、夾壓且冷卻,使兩者接合者作爲拉伸試驗片。 將該拉伸試驗片提供給拉伸試驗。確認在接合位置附近(邊 界附近)之破壞情形,且使該強力除以接合部表面積之値作 爲黏合強度(MPa)。於拉伸試驗片作成時,雙方試驗片TP1 間可黏合時’該接合方法沒有特別的限制。接合方法可藉由 振動熔融或超音波熔融等之黏合方法。夾壓方法沒有特別的 限制。接合面BP可使用在0.1〜IMPa之壓力予以壓製的方 法等。 本發明積層體之第2形態: 第9圖係爲一體化成形品C2。於第9圖中成形品C2係 以形成頂板1 0 1之本發明積層體A 2與形成框體1 〇 2之構造 材B2形成。第9圖所示成形品係頂板101 (積層體A2)與框 體102 (構造構件B2)之直立壁部分上面一體化所成,例如電 腦框架等電磁波屏蔽成形品C2之例。 第9圖中構成電磁波屏蔽成形品C2之本發明積層體 A2 (頂板1 〇 1)係由熱固性樹脂所成基體樹脂與樹脂中配置的 具有導電性之連續的強化纖維群所成,且在至少部分積層體 A2 (頂板〗〇〗)表面上形成由下述說明的熱塑性樹脂組成物所 成被膜形成者(該表面由於在積層體A2(頂板1〇1)之下面, 於第9圖中沒有圖示該被膜)。 -23 - 1304321 積層體A 2爲達成力學特性時,係指由含有配列方向 同的強化纖維之樹脂組成物片板以數層朝厚度方向積層 。具有導電性之強化纖維於積層體 A2中至少朝一方向 l〇mm以上長度配列。然而,強化纖維並不需積層體A2 體爲連續的纖維,可在途中分斷者。 導電性纖維之形態係有單絲束、由該單絲束所形成的 叉、一方向性單絲束、該一方向性單絲所形成的一方向性 叉等。可使用交叉或一方向性單絲束。強化纖維可以爲單 使用各種纖維形態所成者、或倂用2種以上形態所成者。 本發明之積層體A2係爲經由熱塑性樹脂組成物所成 膜’與其他構件、例如構造構件B 2 (框體1 〇 2 )黏合予以一 化的一體化成形品時,黏合部之垂直黏合強度設計於可得 °C爲lOMPa以上、且14〇。(:爲低於10MPa之黏合強度。 一體化成形品由於其用途主要收容發熱體之框架, 4〇°C附近爲一般的使用環境,就在該環境下可耐使用的黏 強度而言,40°C之垂直黏合強度以1〇Mpa以上較佳、更佳 爲13MPa以上、更佳者爲18MPa以上。在…它之垂直黏 強度小於1 OMPa時,使用於電腦時受到落下等之強衝擊時 積層體A2與構造構件B2之接合部一體化成形品〇破壞 4〇 C之垂直黏合強度之上限沒有特別的限制,爲3〇Mpa以 時可充分達成本發明之效果。 另外,本發明之積層體A2,其特徵爲在14〇。〇下垂直 合強度較40°C之垂直黏合強度降低很多。在MOt時垂直 合強度爲低於lOMPa,較佳爲5MPa以下,更佳爲iMpa 不 者 、 全 交 交 獨 被 體 40 在 合 者 合 在 〇 下 黏 黏 以 -24- 1304321 下。 通常’積層體A2之熱固性樹脂係使用在大氣氣氛下( 常壓、5 0 % R Η )玻璃轉移溫度(T g )爲1 3 〇〜1 5 〇它之熱固性樹 脂。此係積層體A2之主要用途爲攜帶型電腦,該用途之成 形品不是在大於1 5 0 °C之溫度環境所使用者。此係著重於本 發明積層體A2在140°C下垂直黏合強度小於i〇MPa。本發 明之積層體A2藉由滿足該要件,使積層體A2與其他構件 B 2經由在積層體A2表面上形成的熱塑性樹脂組成物接合、 形成的成形品C2廢棄處理時,零件例如頂板1 〇丨與框體1 〇2 各在l4〇°C附近之溫度環境下可容易分解,結果零件具有容 易分開作業之作用、效果。藉此促進零件之再利用。 垂直黏合強度之測定方法使用第i 〇圖說明。由一體化 成形品C2之積層體A2與構造構件B2黏合一體化的部分切 取測定用試驗片TP2。使試驗片TP2之上下端部固定於一般 的拉伸試驗裝置之工具1 1 la、1 1 lb,且對試驗片TP2之黏 合面112而言以垂直(90度)方向(箭頭U3a、113b)進行拉伸 試驗。藉由使黏合面1 1 2斷裂時之最大荷重除以黏.合面1 1 2 之面積,求取拉伸強度(T)MPa,以該値作爲垂直黏合強度。 實際使用的拉伸試驗裝置係爲”殷史頓龍(譯音)”(商標)5 5 65 型萬能材料試驗機(殷史頓龍·日本(股)製),試驗時之拉伸速 度爲1 · 27 mm/分。 拉伸試驗在氣氛溫度可調節的試驗室中,在4 〇 °C及1 4 〇 °C之2點氣氛溫度下進行。在試驗開始前試驗片TP2於試驗 室內在沒有拉伸試驗之負荷狀態下至少維持5分鐘。在試驗 -25- 1304321 片TP2上配置熱電對,確認與氣氛溫度同等後,進行拉伸試 驗更佳。 成形品C 2可以拉伸試驗裝置之工具1 i 1 a、1 1 1 b把持時 ,使成形品C 2在工具1 1 1 a、1 i〗b夾住下進行拉伸試驗。無 法把持時,在成形體C2上塗覆丙烯酸系黏合劑(史里伯頓( 譯音)1 7 8 2、史里伯頓股份有限公司製),且在2 3 ±5 °C、 5 0 ± 5 % R Η下放置4小時,與工具!丨丨a、i丨丨b黏合。試驗結 果在工具與成形品之黏合部不會引起破壞,積層體A2與構 造構件B2之接合部分僅採用剝離時之値。工具與成形品之 黏合部剝離時’係爲無法求得正確的黏合強度値之故。 本發明積層體A2上形成的被膜之平均厚度以〇」〜 1,000μιη較佳、更佳者爲1〜200μπι、最佳者爲10〜50μιη。 被膜之平均厚度係爲第2圖所示最大厚度Tpf之厚度,被膜 之平均厚度可藉由與最大厚度Tpf之測定方法相同的方法測 定。被膜之厚度沒有一定時,以任意數點測定且以所得測定 値之平均値作爲被膜之厚度。平均厚度爲上述較佳範圍時, 在40 °C之垂直黏合強度可更確實地達成。 本發明積層體A 1及本發明積層體A2所使用的強化纖 維群之纖維原料例如玻璃纖維、碳纖維、金屬纖維、芳香族 聚醯胺纖維、聚芳族聚醯胺纖維、氧化鋁纖維、碳化矽纖維 、硼纖維。此等可以單獨使用或2種以上倂用使用。此等纖 維原料可以施予表面處理者。表面處理可以爲金屬之附著處 理、藉由偶合劑之處理、藉由上漿劑處理、添加劑之附著處 理等。此等纖維原料中包含具有導電性之纖維原料。纖維原 1304321 料以使用比重小、高強度、高彈性率之碳纖維較佳。 本發明積層體A 1及本發明積層體A2所使用的熱固性 樹脂’使用積層體Al、A2成形爲成形品Cl、C2時,以可 使成形品C 1、C2具有優異剛性或強度之熱固性樹脂較佳。 熱固性樹脂例如不飽和聚酯、乙烯酯、環氧基、苯酚(間苯 二酣型)、尿素•蜜胺、聚醯亞胺、此等之共聚物、改性體、 及次等至少2種混合的樹脂。爲提高耐衝擊性時,可於熱固 性樹脂中添加彈性體或橡膠成份。特別是環氧樹脂就成形品 C 1、C2之力學特性而言較佳。 本發明積層體A1之熱塑性樹脂層12、及本發明積層體 A2之形成被膜的熱塑性樹脂例如聚醯胺樹脂、聚酯樹脂、 聚碳酸酯樹脂、苯乙烯系樹脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)共聚 物、聚胺甲酸酯樹脂、丙烯酸系樹脂、聚烯烴樹脂、聚伸苯 基硫醚(P P S )苯乙烯樹脂、此等之共聚物、改性體、及此等 至少2種混合的樹脂。視其所需,可添加添加劑、塡充材等 。熱塑性樹脂以考慮與被一體化的被附體B 1、B2之黏合性 、且選自於接近被附部之組成的樹脂較佳。例如由聚烯系樹 脂所成被附體Bl、B2黏合於積層體Al、A2時,在積層體 A 1、A2表面上設置的熱塑性樹脂層或被膜以聚醯胺樹脂較 佳。 所使用的熱塑性樹脂之熔點或軟化點,就成形品之實用 性、製造積層體時之步驟性而言以50°C以上較佳,或由於在 熱固性樹脂硬化的溫度下必須熔融或軟化時以3 0 0 °C以下較 佳。熱塑性樹脂之熔點或軟化點以100〜250°c更佳,最佳者 1304321 爲125〜220°C。熔點係爲以JIS-K7121爲基準,藉由DSC 在升溫速度l〇°C /分下測定的値。軟化點係爲以JIS-K7206 爲基準測定維卡軟化溫度之値。 本發明積層體A 1、及本發明積層體A2中連續的導電性 強化纖維之含率,就成形性、力學特性與電磁波屏蔽性兩立 而言以5〜75體積%較佳,更佳爲30〜75體積%,最佳爲50 〜7 〇體積%。 構成一體化成形品C 1、C2之構造構件B 1、B 2,與積層 體A 1、A2之接合部中只要是由具有熱黏合性之原料所成者 即可,沒有特別的限制。亦可以爲在鋁、鐵、鎂、鈦及此等 之合金等上施予熱黏合性之表面處理的金屬材料。 構造構件B 1、B 2以由含有強化纖維之熱塑性樹脂組成 物所成較佳。強化纖維例如聚丙烯腈系、雷縈系、木質素系 、原毛系之碳纖維、黑鉛纖維、玻璃纖維、鋁纖維、黃銅纖 維、不銹鋼纖維等之金屬纖維、碳化矽纖維、氮化矽纖維等 之無機纖維。
構造構件B 1、B 2所使用的熱塑性樹脂沒有特別的限制 。熱塑性樹脂例如聚對酞酸乙二酯(PET)、聚對酞酸丁二酯 (PBT)、聚對酞酸萘二酯(PEN)、液晶聚酯等之聚酯、或聚乙 烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚丁烯等之聚烯烴、或苯乙烯系樹脂 、以及聚環氧乙烷(POM)、聚醯胺(PA)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚 甲基丙烯酸乙二酯(PMMA)、聚氯化乙烯基(PVC)、聚伸苯基 硫醚(PPS)、聚伸苯醚(PPE)、改性PPE、聚醯亞胺(PI)、聚 醯胺醯亞胺(PAI)、聚醚醯亞胺(PEI)、聚楓(PSU)、改性PSU -28- 1304321 、聚醚颯、聚酮(PK)、聚醚酮(PEK)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚 醚酮酮(PEKK)、聚丙烯酸酯(Par)、聚醚腈(PEN)、苯酚系 樹脂、苯氧樹脂、聚四氟乙烯基等之氟系樹脂、以及聚苯乙 烯系樹脂、聚烯烴系、聚胺甲酸酯系、聚酯系、聚醯胺系、 聚丁二橋系、聚異戊烯系、氟系等之熱塑性彈性體等、或此 等之共聚物、改性體、及此等中至少2種以上混合的樹脂。 熱塑性樹脂中就提高耐衝擊性而言可添加彈性體或橡膠成 份。就耐熱性、耐藥品性而言以使用PPS樹脂,就成形品外 觀、尺寸安定性而言以使用聚碳酸酯樹脂或苯乙烯系樹脂, 就成形品之強度、耐衝擊性而言以使用聚醯胺樹脂較佳。在 熱塑性樹脂中亦可添加塡充材或添加劑。添加劑之一有導電 性賦予劑。導電性賦予劑例如碳黑、非晶質碳粉末、天然黑 鉛粉末、人造黑鉛粉末、膨脹黑鉛粉末、瀝青微珠、氣相成 長碳纖維、碳毫微管。導電性賦予劑在成形品C 1、C 2爲電 腦框體時以更爲提高電磁波屏蔽性爲目的時使用。 使用本發明積層體Al、A2之一體化成形品C1、C2的 製法’沒有特別的限制。例如其製法係由在構成積層體A i 、A 2之熱塑性樹脂1 2或被膜之熔點或軟化點以上溫度下使 構成構件B 1、B 2接合、貼附、冷卻所成。 使積層體A 1、A 2與構造構件b 1、B 2接合的順序,沒 有特別的限制。例如(i)於預先形成積層體A 1、A2時,構造 構件Bl、B2成形的同時使兩者接合、一體化的方法,(Η) 於構造構件B 1 ' B 2預先成形時,在積層體a 1、A 2成形的 同時使兩者接合、一體化的方法,或(i i i)各使積層體a 1、 -29- 1304321 A2與構造構件B丨、B 2預先成形時使兩者接合、一體化的方 法。 一體化的方法有使積層體A1、A2與構造構件Bl、B2 機械性嵌合、一體化的方法,使兩者使用加壓、螺絲等機械 性組合方法予以一體化的方法,使兩者使用黏合劑等之化學 結合方法予以一體化的方法。此等一體化方法視其所需亦可 以併用。 上述一體化方法⑴之具體例如使積層體Al、A2壓製成 形’視其所需加工或後處理成所定尺寸,且內置於射出成型 模具中’再使形成構造構件B i、b 2之材料射出成形於模具 的方法。 上述一體化方法(i i)之具體例如使構造構件B i、B 2射出 成形’視其所需加工或後處理成所定尺寸,再內置於壓製模 具中’使壓製模具在所定步驟溫度下在形成積層體A 1、A2 之未硬化的熱固性樹脂與多條連續的單絲所成導電性纖維 群所形成預漬體表面上形成有熱塑性樹脂層之基材鋪疊,然 後在熱塑性樹脂之熔點以上溫度下真空袋成形的方法。 上述一體化方法(iii)之具體例如使積層體Al、A2壓製 成形’視其所需加工或後處理成所定尺寸、使用的積層體 A1、A2與另外藉由射出成形預先使構造構件Bi、B2成形 ,各以熱黏合或超音波熔融等與上述一體化方法(ii)相同地 予以一體化的方法。 就一體化成形品C 1、C2之量產性而言,以使用上述一 體化方法(1)中內部射出成形或外部射出成形較佳。就形狀安 -30- 1304321 定性或黏合部分之精密性而言以使用上述一體化方法(π〇 較佳,亦可使用熱熔融、振動熔融、超音波熔融、雷射熔融 〇 以該方法一體化的成形品c 1、C2,可得以與習知金屬 材料一體化所無法實現的成形品之輕量性。該一體化方法於 積層體Al、A2與構造構件Bl、B2間具有優異的黏合力、 且可解決與熱固性樹脂組成物一體化時習知問題的材料間 剝離問題。 爲維持成形品C 1、C2之形態時,在至少部分積層體A 1 、A2與構造構件Bl、B2之黏合面上存在有黏合部爲(黏合 層),惟黏合部位(黏合層)之面積以黏合面面積之5 0 %以上較 佳、更佳者爲70%以上、最佳者爲與接合面之全面積相同者 〇 一體化成形品C 1、C2係爲使積層體A 1、A2與構造構 件B 1、B2 —體化所成者,惟對成形品C 1、C2之形狀沒有 特別的限制。形狀可以爲彎曲面、肋部、折葉部、主架、具 有中空部者。成形品C 1、C2可以藉由電鍍、塗覆、蒸鍍、 內部、模壓、雷射照射等施予表面加工處理。
該一體化成形品C 1、C 2之用途有要求電磁波屏蔽性範 圍之製品。例如使用於各種齒輪、各種箱子、感應器、LED 燈、接觸器、套筒、電阻器、繼電箱、開關、螺旋繞線管、 電容器、光拾取器、發振子、各種端子板、轉換器、插頭、 印刷配線板、調頻器、音響、麥克風、耳機、小型引擎、磁 氣基座、能量組件、半導體、顯示器、FDD滑架、底盤、HDD 1304321 、Μ Ο、馬達刷固定器、天線、手提電腦、攜帶型電話、數 位照相機、PDA、攜帶型MD、電漿顯示器等電氣或電子機 器零件、構件、及框體、電話、傳真機、V T R、影印機、電 視、熨斗、吹風機、電鍋、微波爐、音響機器、吸塵器、衛 浴用品、雷射光碟、C D、照明、電冰箱、中央空調、打字機 、文字處理機等之典型家庭或辦公室製品零件、構件及框體 、小鋼珠、割縫器、遊戲機等遊戲或娛樂製品零件、構件及 框體、顯微鏡、望眼鏡、照相機、時中等之光學機器、精密 機械相關零件、構件及框體、X光線等之醫療用品、引擎零 件、交替終端機、交替連接器、1C調節器、基座、懸浮零件 、排氣氣閥等各種閥、燃料關係、排氣系或吸氣系各種閥、 空氣內部接收噴嘴計測器、指數固定器、各種桿臂、各種框 架、各種折葉、各種軸受、燃料幫浦、汽油筒、C N G筒、引 擎冷卻水接口、毛細管主體、毛細管間距器、排氣感應器、 冷卻水感應器、油溫感應器、煞車熱水感應器、節流閥位置 感應器、曲柄移動位置感應器、氣體流動儀表、煞車帶磨損 感應器、空調用熱啓動基體、暖氣溫風氣體控制閥、電阻引 擎用閃動固疋器、水幫浦壓縮器、渦輪、雨刷引擎關係零件 、導向裝置、啓動開關、啓動底盤、傳遞用鋼絲踏盤、窗戶 洗淨噴嘴、空調板開關基板、燃料關係電磁氣閥用線圈、保 險絲用接觸器、電池盤、AT支架、頭燈支持物、天秤式箱 、方向盤、門束、保護器、底盤、框架、臂架、喇叭、階段 引擎旋轉器、燈套、燈反射器、燈箱、煞車活塞、噴嘴屏蔽 、散熱器、備胎套、座椅套、螺線管、引擎油過濾器、點火 -32- 1304321 裝置箱、底套、嵌接板、螺旋槳升降器、車輪、緩衝器、緩 衝束、外罩、平台、天窗、車頂、安裝板、尾翼及各種組件 等汽車、摩托車相關零件、構件及外板、齒輪孔、機翼、尾 翼、邊部、梯子、電梯、肋部等飛機相關零件、構件及外板 、各種拍子、高爾夫球桿、帆船、船、滑雪用具、釣竿、汽 車等之運動相關零件、構件及人工衛星相關零件、板等之建 材用途等各種用途極爲有用。 於上述中以使用於輕量且高剛性、具有複雜形狀且要求 電磁波屏蔽能量的電腦、顯示器、攜帶型電話、攜帶型資料 終端機等電氣或電子機器、0A機器、家電機器、醫療機器 之用途較佳。 另外,由於可容易成形成力學特性優異的大型成形品之 複雜形狀部,故亦可使用於汽車、摩托車、腳踏車、或飛機 、建材用零件、構件或平板外板。 由本發明積層體所形成的電磁波屏蔽成形品,由於具有 優異的電磁波屏蔽性,故可作爲電氣•電子機器用框體、或 作爲外部構件,而且,可使用作爲必須薄且廣泛投影面積之 筆記型電腦或攜帶型資料終端機等之框體。使用作爲該框體 時,就電磁波屏蔽性而言以積層體A2構成至少部分成形品 C2之框體頂面較佳,更佳者構成頂面投影面積之50%以上 ,最佳者爲構成頂面投影面積之70%以上。 本發明積層體Al、A2之製法以一體化成形品Cl、C2 之較佳用途的電子機器框體之製法爲例,使用第1卜1 2圖說 明。 -33 - 1304321 第1 1圖係爲例如第1圖所示本發明積層體5之製法例 積層體A係藉由使由多條連續的單絲所成強化纖維束 6 3中含浸作爲基體樹脂之熱固性樹脂6 1的預漬體6 〇切成所 定尺寸大小(步驟7 1 ),使此等以所定角度積層,例如5張以 角度〇度、+45度、90度、-45度、0度積層,在全部或部 分表面上配置由熱塑性樹脂組成物所成的熱黏合用樹脂基 材6 2之積層步驟7 2,與與熱固性樹脂組成物之硬化反應並 行或硬化反應前預熱,使熱黏合用樹脂基材6 2之熱塑性樹 脂組成物熔融且加壓,形成熱塑性樹脂層及熱塑性樹脂之被 膜的加熱成形步驟73製造(積層體成形步驟70)。換言之, 在由硬化前之熱固性樹脂組成物與強化纖維束所成的預漬 體60表層上以膜狀配置熱塑性樹脂組成物62後,在熱塑性 樹脂組成物62之熔點以上溫度下使熱固性樹脂組成物硬化 者,藉此使熱固性樹脂組成物6 1與熱塑性樹脂組成物62經 由強化纖維束63,製得黏合狀態良好的積層體A。該黏合性 高的理由係因對硬化過程之熱固性樹脂組成物而言熔融過 程之熱塑性樹脂組成物通過、浸透形成強化纖維束之多條單 絲間,經由多條單絲使熱固性樹脂組成物與熱塑性樹脂組成 物之界面具有凹凸形狀予以形成。然而,於熱固性樹脂組成 物硬化後,即使熱塑性樹脂組成物熔融、積層,仍無法製得 本發明之積層體。 積層體A之具體製法,沒有特別的限制,可使用手動鋪 疊成形法、噴霧鋪疊法、真空袋成形法、加壓成形法、熱壓 -34- 1304321 製成形品、壓製成形法、轉移成形、模壓成形法等之使用熱 塑性樹脂的習知成形方法。就步驟性、力學特性而言可使用 真空袋成形法、壓製成形法、轉移成形法爲宜。 爲使一體化成形品C中積層體A與構造構件B之黏合 強度更爲提局時,在強化纖維束6 3之單絲間含浸熔融的熱 塑性樹脂組成物62時,以使用〇· 1 MPa以上之加壓較佳。該 加壓以〇.5MPa以上更佳,最佳者爲lMPa以上。 由所得積層體A製造一體化成形品C時,使積層體A 以穿孔法等切成所定尺寸大小後進行加工(步驟74),使用成 形品C製造用積層體A。 然後,使積層體A內置於射出成形用模具中(步驟8 1) ,於其中射出主架、肋部、折葉部、框體等構造構件B之形 成材料的熱塑性樹脂組成物83射出,且外部成形(步驟82) 。使藉由該簡單一體化步驟80所得的成形品C,視其所需 經由修補的修補步驟91,形成製品92(後處理步驟90)。所 得的製品92爲完成的一體化成形品C。 第1 2圖係爲使用習知積層體時製造一體化成形品PC的 方法。使熱固性樹脂組成物與由強化纖維束所成的預漬體積 層,且以與第i丨圖所示積層體成型步驟70相同的成形方法 使積層體PA成形。在該積層體PA中沒有存在第11圖之熱 塑性樹脂組成物62。所得積層體PA由於不具熱黏合性,故 一體化成形品PC必須具有例如藉由黏合劑等之一體化步驟 〇
另外,使主架、肋部、折葉部、框體等之構造構件p B - 35- 1304321 成形。該構造構件PB例如使熱塑性樹脂組成物1 2 1經由射 出成型步驟122,製得成形的構件123(射出成形步驟120) 。所得構造構件PB視其所需在主要處理(步驟131)的積層體 PA被黏合的部位上塗覆黏合劑(步驟丨32)。在塗覆黏合劑之 構造構件PB上黏合積層體pa(步驟133)。兩者之黏合可藉 由以工具固定進行(步驟i 34)。然後,一體化製品PC在長時 間下乾燥(步驟135)。其次,自工具取出製得製品136(—體 化步驟130)。該製品136爲一體化成形品PC,視其所需另 經由補修步驟141,形成製品142 (後處理步驟140)。該製品 1 42爲最終的一體化製品。如此習知積層體pa之製造與本 發明積層體A之製造相比時,需要很多的勞力與時間與成本 。所得一體化成形品PC之積層體PA與構造構件PB間之黏 合強度,與藉由本發明所得的一體化成形品相比時不佳。 本發明熱黏合用基材之形態: 本發明之熱黏合用基材係爲使同種及/或異種被附體熱 黏合之基材。換言之,熱黏合用基材藉由使2種以上被附體 熱黏合時使用的任何加熱方法,在被附體之界面上形成由熱 黏合用基材所成的黏合層。 熱黏合用基材係以IS04587(JIS規格K6850)所示黏合 劑-剛性被附體之拉伸切變黏合強度試驗方法爲基準,黏合 強度S於試驗溫度1〇〇。〇時具有5.0MPa以上之値。黏合強度 S以7MPa以上較佳,更佳者爲8MPa以上。 試驗溫度係指與上述垂直黏合強度時相同地使用熱黏 合用基材,測定熱黏合的構件之黏合強度時之氣氛溫度。試 -36- 1304321 驗片配置於恆溫槽中,確認與氣氛溫度相等後,把持於格子 中進行拉伸試驗。 黏合強度s於試驗溫度100°C時小於5.0MPa時黏合的 製品,在實用高溫環境下受到負荷時,會產生因應力致使被 附體容易剝離等之問題。 另外,熱黏合用基材之黏合強度S於試驗溫度200 °C時 爲l.OMPa以下,較佳者爲0.8MPa以下、更佳者爲〇.7MPa 以下。 黏合強度S於試驗溫度200°C下大於1 .OMPa時被附體 容易分離、進行解體時之勞力與成本大,回收時之分離困難 ,材料之分辨精度降低,且容易引起異種材料之沾污情形。 說明有關黏合強度S之測定用試驗片的調製方法。黏合 的試驗片形狀以IS 〇4 5 87爲基準,如第8圖所示之尺寸。自 強化纖維之一方向性碳纖維束中含浸熱固性樹脂之預漬體 ,採取以:F IS 6850之黏合劑-剛性被附體之拉伸切變黏合強度 試驗方法爲基準的試驗片。使該採取的試驗片使用2組朝〇 度/9 0度/9 0度/0度之方向積層的第2試驗片。在其中一方 之第2試驗片進行熱黏合的接合面部位上配置熱黏合用基材 。於其上重疊另一方之第2試驗片,作成IS04587中記載的 形狀之預成型體。使該預成型體固定於壓製成形模具,且視 其所需使用工具或間距器,維持該形狀下進行壓製成形。該 壓製以加熱壓製成形機施加1 MPa之壓力約5分鐘,預熱壓 製後繼續在含浸於預漬體之樹脂的硬化溫度下施加1 MPa之 壓力3 0分鐘,以完成硬化反應。預熱溫度係爲使熱黏合用 -37 - 1304321 基材之主成份的熱塑性樹脂熔融之溫度。具體而言,預熱溫 度以選自於熱塑性樹脂之熔點或較軟化點溫度以上高30°C 以下之溫度範圍較佳。熔點及軟化點之溫度藉由上述測定法 測定。 使用的預漬體沒有特別的限制,以使用在碳纖維束中含 浸環氧樹脂(熱固性樹脂),且碳纖維之含量(Wf)爲70wt%、 厚度爲0.11 mm之預漬體(東麗(股)製、頓雷卡UD預漬體 3053S-12)較佳。使用該物時之硬化溫度以13〇〜150°C爲宜 。所得試驗片提供給黏合強度S之評估。 本發明之熱黏合用基材係以使同種及/或異種被附體容 易藉由加熱分解爲目的時,其黏合強度S以具有特定的溫度 相關性較佳。換言之,任意試驗溫度t(°C )時之黏合強度St 與試驗溫度(t+ 3 0)(°C)時之黏合強度Su + 3())滿足St23xSo + 30) 關係之試驗溫度t以1〇〇〜2〇〇。(:之溫度範圍存在較佳。該溫 度範圍以120〜180 °C較佳、更佳者爲130〜170 °C。 本發明之熱黏合基材係爲使熱塑性樹脂組成物加工成 基材的形狀者。所使用的熱塑性樹脂組成物沒有特別的限制 ’以溫度相關性或在室溫下可得高黏合強度爲目的時,以含 有至少一種選自於聚醯胺樹脂、聚酯樹脂、聚碳酸酯樹脂作 爲構成成份之樹脂較佳。特別是以聚醯胺樹脂較佳。聚醯胺 樹I係爲以胺基酸、內酯或二胺與二竣酸爲主的成份之聚合 物’亦可使用其均聚物或共聚物作爲熱黏合用基材之成份。 就黏合強度S之溫度相關性而言以共聚合聚醯胺樹脂更佳。 有用的聚醯胺樹脂之具體例如有聚醯胺n、聚醯胺1 2 -38- 1304321 、聚醯胺610、聚醯胺612、聚醯胺66/6、聚醯胺6/66/610 、聚醯胺6/66/612、聚醯胺6/66/610/612、聚醯胺6/61。此 等之2種或以上倂用。其中,以含有3元共聚合聚醯胺 6/6 6/6 10爲構成成份之熱黏合性基材爲較佳的形態。 熱塑性樹脂組成物中以對要求難燃性之構件展開爲目 的時,以添加難燃性成份較佳。難燃性成份可使用鹵素化合 物、銻化合物、磷化合物、氮化合物、矽化合物、氟化合物 、苯酚化合物、金屬氫氧化物等習知難燃劑。就環境負荷而 言以使用聚磷酸銨、聚膦脂、磷酸酯、亞磷酸酯、膦酸酯、 氧化膦、紅磷等之磷化合物較佳。熱塑性組成物中視所要求 的特性而定,在不會損害本發明目的之範圍內含有塡充材、 添加劑、其他熱塑性樹脂等。 添加劑可使用結晶核劑、紫外線吸收劑、抗氧化劑、制 振劑、抗菌劑、殺蟲劑、防臭劑、防止著色劑、熱安定劑、 脫模劑、抗靜電劑、可塑劑、平滑劑、著色劑、顏料、染料 、致泡劑、偶合劑等。 本發明熱黏合劑用基材之形態,沒有特別的限制,例如 不織布形態、薄膜形態、片板形態。就處理性而言以不織布 形態或薄膜形態較佳。 熱黏合用基材於與具有複雜形狀之被附體黏合使用時 ,要求熱黏合用基材具有賦型性。此時,熱黏合用基材以具 有不織布形態較佳。不織布考慮使用的形態時,可以習知製 造方法所製造者。 在被附體中配置較均勻的熱黏合用基材而言,熱黏合用 -39 - 1304321 基材之形態以薄膜形態較佳。薄膜之特性沒有特別的限制, 使用以習知方法製造的薄膜。薄膜之厚度就對複雜形狀之賦 型性而S以0.01〜0.5mm較佳、更佳者爲0 03〜〇.2mm。 本發明熱黏合用基材之單位面積重量,就其處理性而言 以1〜100g/m2較佳、更佳者爲3〜8〇g/m2、最佳者爲5〜 60g/m2 。 本發明之熱黏合用基材可使用選自於熱固性樹脂、熱塑 性樹脂、金屬材料、碳系材料、纖維、木材、紙等廣範圍材 料之被附體的黏合。被附體較佳形態之一係爲多條連續的強 化纖維群層狀配置的熱固性樹脂組成物所成的積層體。該熱 固性樹脂例如環氧樹脂、馬來醯亞胺樹脂、苯酚樹脂、乙烯 酯樹脂、不飽和聚酯樹脂、具有氰酸酯末端之樹脂、具有烯 丙基末端之樹脂、具有乙炔末端之樹脂、具有那吉酸末端之 樹脂、在末端具有苯并環丁烯之樹脂。就被附體之力學特性 而言以環氧樹脂較佳。 使用的強化纖維例如碳纖維、金屬纖維、玻璃纖維、有 機纖維、無機纖維、在此等纖維被覆導電性之纖維。此等之 中就被附體之輕量性與力學特性的平衡性而言以使用碳纖 維較佳。 本發明之熱黏合用基材以使用作爲上述本發明積層體 之製法中熱黏合用基材62較佳。 本發明之電磁波屏蔽成形品: 使用第1 3圖說明本發明之電磁波屏蔽成形品C3。於第 1 3圖中電磁波屏蔽成形品C3係爲由多條單絲所成連續的導 -40- 1304321 電性纖維群以層狀配置的樹脂組成物所成第1構造體A3與 由熱塑性樹脂組成物所成第2構造體B2 —體化所成。 第1構造體A3所使用的導電性纖維例如鋁纖維、黃銅 纖維、不銹鋼纖維等之金屬纖維、聚丙烯腈系、雷縈系、木 質素系、原毛系之碳纖維、黑鉛纖維等單獨具有導電性之纖 維、及此等另被覆有導電體之纖維。而且,玻璃纖維等之絕 緣性纖維、聚芳族醯胺纖維、PBO纖維、聚伸苯基硫醚纖維 、聚酯纖維、丙烯酸纖維、聚醯胺纖維、聚乙烯纖維等之有 機纖維、及碳化矽纖維、氮化矽纖維等無機纖維上被覆導電 體之纖維。導電體之被覆方法例如鎳、鏡、金、銀、銅、鋁 等之金屬以電鍍法(電解、無電解)、CVD法、PVD法、離子 分布法、蒸鍍法等,藉此形成至少一層導電層。此等之導電 性纖維可單獨使用、或至少2種倂用。就比強度、比剛性、 輕量性之平衡性而言以使用碳纖維較佳,就實現低生產成本 而言以使用聚丙烯腈系碳纖維較佳。 第1構造體A3使用的樹脂成份可使用熱固性樹脂及熱 塑性樹脂中任何一種。爲熱固性樹脂時,成形品C3之剛性 、強度優異、熱塑性樹脂時,成形品C 3之衝擊強度、回收 性優異。 熱固性樹脂例如不飽和聚酯、乙烯酯、環氧、苯酚(甲 酚型)、縮脲·蜜胺、聚醯亞胺,此等共聚物、改性體、及此 等至少二種混合的樹脂。爲提高衝擊性時,亦可添加彈性體 或橡膠成份。 熱塑性樹脂例如聚對酞酸乙二酯(PET)、聚對酞酸丁二 -41 - 1304321 酯(ΡΒΤ)、聚對酞酸三甲二酯(ΡΤΤ)、聚萘酸乙二酯(PEN)、 液晶聚酯等之聚酯、或聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(pp)、聚丁烯等 之聚烯烴、或苯乙烯系樹脂、以及聚環氧乙烷(POM)'聚醯 胺(PA)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚氯 化乙烯基(PVC)、聚伸苯基硫醚(PPS)、聚伸苯醚(PPE)、改 性PPE、聚醯亞胺(PI)、聚醯胺醯亞胺(PAI)、聚醚醯亞胺(PEI) 、聚颯(PSU)、改性PSU、聚醚颯、聚酮(PK)、聚醚酮(PEK) 、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚醚酮酮(PEKK)、聚丙烯酸酯(PAR)、 聚醚腈(PEN)、苯酚樹脂、苯氧樹脂。聚四氟乙烯等之氟系 樹脂、以及聚苯乙烯系、聚烯烴系、聚胺甲酸酯系、聚酯系 、聚醯胺系、聚丁二烯系、聚異戊烯系、氟系等之熱塑性彈 性體等、或此等之共聚物、改性體、此等中至少2種混合的 樹脂。爲提高耐衝擊性時,亦可添加彈性體或橡膠成份。 構成第1構造體A3之樹脂組成物中導電性纖維之含有 比例,就成形性、力學特性與電磁波屏蔽性而言以20〜90 體積%較佳、更佳者爲30〜80體積%。 第1構造體A3之形態例如導電性纖維以層狀積層的積 層體、或以樹脂組成物、不連續的纖維強化的樹脂、金屬、 發泡體等之芯材與導電纖維層狀配列的表層材之三明治材 、或以導電性纖維層狀配置者爲芯材的三明治材,惟藉由使 用上述本發明之積層體作爲第1構造體A3,電磁波屏蔽成 形品C3容易製造,故較佳。 電磁波屏蔽成形品C3爲適合電器•電子機器之框體形 狀時,第1構造體A3以至少具有一個大約平面部較佳。第 -42 - I3〇432i 1構造體A3之最大面積的50%以上大約爲平面較佳。 就設定電器•電子機器之框體、且薄型、輕量性而言, 橇造體A3之平均厚度以1.6mm以下較佳、更佳者爲l.2mm 以下、尤佳者爲1.0mm以下、最佳者爲〇.8mm以下。第1 橇造體A3之平均厚度係爲上述大約平面部中平均分布的至 少5點厚度測定値之平均値。測定平均厚度時,除去賦予肋 部、折葉部、凹凸部等企求形狀之部位。 第1構造體A3之投影面積爲適合於電磁波屏蔽成形品 C3之大小時,沒有特別的限制,就更爲提高一體化時之電 磁波屏蔽性而言,以企求的電子機器框體之頂面大小爲基準 的尺寸大小較佳。設定使用於筆記型電腦(laptop)之框體時 ,第1構造體A3之投影面積以200cm3以上較佳、更佳者爲 400cm3以上、最佳者爲600cm3以上。投影面積係爲表示由 成形品C3之外型尺寸求得的成形品C3面之尺寸大小的尺度 〇 本發明之電磁波屏蔽成形品C3由於具有優異的電磁波 屏蔽性,故第1構造體A3以KEC法測定的頻率數1GHz之 電磁波屏蔽性爲40dB以上。該電磁波屏蔽性之値以45 dB 以上較佳、更佳者爲50dB以上。 KEC法以(財)關西電子工業振興中心設定的測定方法 ,上下或左右對稱分割的屏蔽箱中夾住試驗片,以光譜分析 器測定電磁波之衰減度。試驗時自第1構造體A3部分切出 適當面積之平板,使用該物作爲測定片。 電磁波屏蔽成形品C3設定爲使用於電氣•電子機器之 一 43 - 1304321 框體時,由於成形品C 3之破損、彎曲、變形,就保護實裝 於該物之構件而言構成第1構造體A3之至少一個約平面部 以ASTM-D790爲基準的彎曲彈性以8GPa以上較佳、更佳者 爲lOGPa以上、最佳者爲12GPa以上。一般而言,電氣•電 子機器之框體係爲保護對內部接收的衝擊、荷重、電氣短路 而言精細電子電路或容易破損的構件等者,設想曝曬於過嚴 酷的荷重下。該用途中雖不會影響所謂的破損問題,對因荷 重彎曲或變形之內部電子電路或構件而言會有致命的傷害。 第1構造體A3之彎曲彈性率係爲具有藉由配置的導電 性纖維(強化纖維)之配置方向而不同的値,此處所指的彎曲 彈性率係指於此等之中之最小値。具體而言,彎曲彈性率測 定用試驗片係使用自第1構造體A3之約平面部,以第1構 造體A3之長度方向爲基準,以0度、45度、90度、135度 之不同角度切出的至少4張、較佳者爲6張試驗片。此等試 驗片提供給AS TM-D7 90爲基準彎曲彈性率測定。試驗片之 切出以迴避賦予肋部、折葉部、凹凸部等企求形狀之部位進 行較佳。試驗片中含有此等企求形狀部位時,試驗片之厚度 測定係除去該部位予以進行。此等試驗片中所得彎曲彈性率 內之最小値採用作爲此處之彎曲彈性率。 構成電磁波屏蔽成形品C3之第2構造體B3所使用的 熱塑性樹脂組成物可使用與第1構造體A3所使用的熱塑性 樹脂組成物相同者。所使用的熱塑性樹脂組成物以含有不連 續的強化纖維較佳。 此處使用的強化纖維沒有特別的限制,可使用與上述本 -4 4 一 1304321 發明積層體A中使用的強化纖維相同者。第2構造體B2所 含的強化纖維以導電性纖維較佳。該導電性纖維就所得電磁 波屏蔽成形品C3之輕量性與力學特性而言以碳纖維較佳。 強化纖維可以由至少2種強化纖維構成。 於第2構造體B2中以在熱塑性樹脂組成物中均勻分散 強化纖維較佳,就成形性、強度、輕量性之平衡性而言熱塑 性樹脂組成物與強化纖維之比例,熱塑性樹脂組成物以25 〜95重量%較佳、更佳者爲35〜85重量%,強化纖維以5〜 75重量%較佳、更佳者爲15〜65重量%。 不連續的強化纖維之纖維長度愈長時,可提高強度、剛 性之效果,特別是衝擊強度之顯著提高效果係爲已知。含有 不連續的強化纖維之樹脂組成物中樹脂組成物中所含的不 連續的強化纖維之長度可以惟全部同一長度、亦可以不同長 度分布。表示該狀態之強化纖維的纖維長度時,使用數平均 纖維長度Ln或重量平均纖維長度Lw。 數平均纖維長度Ln係爲對測定數而言纖維長度之單純 平均値,敏感反映具有短纖維長度之纖維。以纖維長度爲基 準之補強效果係纖維長度愈長,補強效果愈大。由於纖維長 度長的纖維與纖維長度短的纖維所具有的效果不同,故使此 等同列處理時不爲企求。重視具有纖維長度長的纖維之補強 效果時,以考慮重量平均纖維長度Lw較佳。判斷成形品C3 之機械特性時,以觀察第2構造體B 2中所含的不連續強化 纖維之重量平均纖維長度較佳。 藉由重量平均纖維長度Lw與數平均纖維長度Ln之比 一 45- 1304321
Lw/Ln,可知纖維長度之分布。Lw/Ln之値大於1時,含有 多數纖維長度長的纖維。第2構造體B 3中不連續的強化纖 維以纖維長度長者較佳,更佳者爲含有更多纖維長度長的纖 第2構造體B 3之不連續強化纖維係以重量平均纖維長 度Lw爲0.4mm以上,且重量平均纖維長度Lw與數平均纖 維長度Ln之Lw/Ln爲1.3〜2.0較佳。重量平均纖維長度Lw 以0.4〜1.0mm更佳。 數平均纖維長度Ln、重量平均纖維長度Lw、及Lw/Ln 可藉由下述方法求得。換言之,使部分第2構造體B3切成 長度1 0 m m、寬度1 0 m m大小且作成試驗片。使作成的試驗 片浸漬於可溶解熱塑性樹脂之溶劑中24小時,使樹脂成份 溶解。使樹脂成份被溶解的試驗片以顯微鏡1 0〜1 00倍之倍 率觀察。於該觀察中,測定視野內強化纖維中任意400條之 纖維長度。所測得的纖維長度爲Li、數平均纖維長度Ln與 重量平均纖維長度Lw以下式爲基準求得。 數平均纖維長度Ln=(ELi)/(N) 其中,N係表示測定條數(400條) 重量平均纖維長度Lw = (Sli2)/(SLi) 在含有重量平均纖維長度Lw爲0.4mm以上且Lw/Ln爲 1 · 3〜2 · 0之強化纖維的第2構造體B 3之成形中,例如使用 JP63-3 7 694B中揭示的長纖維粒料。該長纖維粒料係由具有 粒料長度實質上相等的長度,且朝粒料之長度方向配列的強 化纖維與熱塑性樹脂組成物所成。亦可使用JU60-629 1 2A揭 -4 6 一 1304321 示的塗覆粒料。該塗覆粒料係使連續的強化纖維束周圍以熱 塑性樹脂組成物被覆後,切成所定長度所製造者。第2構造 體B2之成形可藉由使長度1〜20mm之5條短纖維樹脂組成 物所成粒料混合、且射出成形予以進行,以該成形方法較佳 〇 由長纖維粒料所形成的成形品與由短纖維粒料所形成 的成形品相比,於成形品中由於以強化纖維爲長的狀態存在 ,且存在多數纖維長度長的纖維,故機械特性優異。長纖維 粒料之長度爲1〜2 0 m m時,可得藉由長纖維之補強效果與 對成形時使用的押出機之螺旋等防止纖維滲入的效果,故爲 所企求。長纖維粒料之長度以3〜10mm更佳。 構成第2構造體B 3之熱塑性樹脂組成物中,視所要求 的特性而定可含有塡充劑或添加劑。塡充劑或添加劑有無機 塡充劑、難燃劑、導電性賦予劑、結晶核劑、紫外線吸收劑 、抗氧化劑、制振劑、殺蟲劑、防蟲劑、防臭劑、防止著色 劑、熱安定劑、脫模劑、抗靜電劑、可塑劑、平滑劑、著色 劑、顏料、發泡劑、偶合劑等。 導電性賦予劑例如碳黑、非晶質碳粉末、天然黑鉛粉末 、人造黑鉛粉末、膨脹黑鉛粉末、焦煤微粒珠、氣相成長碳 纖維、碳毫微管。此等以更爲提高電磁波屏蔽成形品C3之 電磁波屏蔽效果爲目的,故較佳。 本發明之電磁波屏蔽成形品C3可使第1構造體A3與 第2構造體B3 —體化。使第1構造體A3與第2構造體B3 一體化的方法,沒有特別的限制。方法之一例如預先使第i _ 4 7 - 1304321 構造體A3成形,在第2構造體B 3成形的同時使兩者一體化 的方法。另一方法係爲預先使第2構造體B 3成形,在第1 構造體A3成形的同時使兩者一體化的方法。另一方法係預 先使弟1構造體A 3與預先使第2構造體B 3個別成形,然後 使兩者一體化的方法。使兩者一體化的方法有黏合、熔融、 嵌入的方法等。更佳的一體化方法係爲使預先成形的第1構 造體A 3內置於模具中,然後使成形第2構造體B 3之熱塑性 樹脂組成物射出,以使第2構造體B3在第1構造體A3中一 體化的方法。另一較佳的一體化方法係爲使預先成形的第i 構造體A3與預先成形的第2構造體B 3以超音波熔融予以一 體化的方法。藉由此時使用的第1構造體A3作爲上述本發 明之積層體A,可得優異的黏合強度。 另外的一體化方法係爲使預先射出成形的、後處理的第 2構造體B3內置於壓製模具中,然後鋪疊在形成第i構造 體A3的連續導電性纖維之基材中含浸樹脂組成物之預漬體 ,再藉由真空袋成形使第1構造體A3與第2構造體B3 —體 化的方法。 其他的一體化方法係爲使預先以壓製成形予以成形的 、後處理的第1構造體A3、與預先藉由射出成形予以成形 的、後處理的第2構造體B3使用習知的黏合劑接合、一體 化的方法。 第1構造體A3之製法沒有特別的限制,第1構造體A3 之製法例如有使用手動鋪疊成形法、噴霧成形法、真空袋成 形法、加壓成形法、熱壓製成形法、壓製成形法、轉移成形 一48 - 1304321 法等之熱固性樹脂組成物的習知方法。就步驟性、力學特性 而言以使用真空袋成形法、壓製成形法、轉移成形法較佳。 第2構造體B3之製法沒有特別的限制,第2構造體B3 之製法有射出成形法、押出成形法、壓製成形法等之習知方 法。射出成形法由於生產性高、且容易量產具有肋部、第1 3 圖所示之折葉部1 5 1、主架部1 52之複雜形狀的第2構造體 B3,故較佳。 藉由第1構造體A3與第2構造體B3 —體化所製造的 電磁波屏蔽成形品C3,由於一體化後必須維持該一體化構 造,故以在第1構造體A3與第2構造體B3之接合面上至少 部分具有黏合層較佳。接合面面積之50 %以上面積具有黏合 層更佳,接合面面積之70 %以上面積具有黏合層尤佳,接合 面全面上具有黏合層最佳。 黏合層之原料可以爲與構成第1構造體A3或第2構造 體B 3之原料不同成份所成者,亦可以爲類似成份所成者。 黏合層之原料就與第2構造體B3之黏合強度而言以與構成 該物之熱塑性樹脂組成物同類的樹脂所成較佳。 電磁波屏蔽成形品C3之形狀沒有特別的限制。電磁波 屏蔽成形品C3亦可以具有彎曲面、肋部、折葉、主架、中 空部。電磁波屏蔽成形品C3亦可藉由電鍍、塗覆、蒸鍍、 內置、模壓、雷射照射等,在其表面上施予裝飾處理。特別 是第1構造體A3中強化纖維之型式自外部觀察時,藉由可 觀察可創造電磁波屏蔽成形品C3之創意效果。
電磁波屏蔽成形品C3之用途係爲上述本發明積層體A 一 49- 1304321 例不的用途。較佳的用途有電腦、〇 A機器、攜帶型電話、 攜帶型資料終端機、傳真機' C D、攜帶型μ D、攜帶型收音 機、PDA(電子手冊等之攜帶型資料終端機)、錄影機、數位 照相機、光學機器、影像機、空調、照明機器、娛樂用品、 玩具用品、其他家電製品等電氣•電子機器之框體、以及盤 子或底盤等之內部構件或其外箱、機構零件、汽車或飛機之 電裝構件、內部零件等。 電磁波屏蔽成形品C 3由於其優異的電磁波屏蔽性,故 適合使用作爲電氣·電子機器用框體或外部構件,適合使用 作爲薄型且必須具廣泛投影面積之筆記型電腦或攜帶型資 料終端機等之框體。使用電磁波屏蔽成形品C3作爲該框體 時,就電磁波屏蔽性而言至少一面框體之頂面以藉由第1構 造體A3形成較佳,更佳者頂面之投影面積50%以上藉由第 1構造體A3形成,最佳者爲頂面之投影面積70%以上藉由 第1構造體A3形成。電磁波屏蔽成形品C3之內部必須爲複 雜形狀時,使框體、主架、肋部、折葉部、線部、及含此等 之構件以第2構造體B3形成較佳。 【實施例】 以實施例及比較例爲基準,更具體地說明本發明。實施 例及比較例中所示的配合比例(%)除另外特定外,全部爲以 重量%爲基準之値。 實施例-1 :積層體及一體化成形品: 實施例1-1 :積層體A4 自以基體樹脂爲環氧樹脂(熱固性樹脂)、朝一方向配列 -50- 1304321 的多條碳單絲所成強化纖維群所成,強化纖維群之含量以重 量比例(Wf)爲70%、體積比例(Vf)爲61%之預漬體(東麗(譯 音)(股)製頓雷卡(譯音預漬體P6053-12))切出6張具有所定 尺寸之長方形預漬體片。於第14圖中係爲此等6片161-166 之斜視圖。各片在兩端面上爲彎曲、加工成凹形狀。 壓製成形機之母模具(圖中沒有表不)上,長方形之長邊 方向爲 〇°、纖維方向爲 45。、-45。、90。、-90。、-45。、45。 由下至上順序積層6片預漬體161-166(以箭頭160表示)。 另外,由於下述實施例3 - 1中說明的熱黏合用基材作成 具有所定寬度之熱黏合用基材膠帶。使2張熱黏合用基材膠 帶171重疊,在預漬體片166上面之外周約20mm寬度及彎 曲的端面上積層(以箭頭170表示)。 然後’使公模具(圖中沒有表示)固定,進行壓製成形。 以壓製成形機、在160 °C下預熱5分鐘,使熱黏合用基材171 熔融後,施加6MPa之壓力且在150 °C下加熱30分鐘以使熱 固性樹脂硬化。於硬化完成後,在室溫下冷卻、脫模、製造 平均厚度0.7mm之積層體A4。 自積層所製造的積層體A4之熱黏合用基材171的部分 切出lOmmx 10mm之正方形試驗片,且以甲醇進行超音波洗 淨30分鐘,除去熱黏合用基材171之熱塑性樹脂。以SEM 觀察所得試驗片。在試驗片表面上有纖維束露出的狀態。另 外,在試驗片之截面上有在積層體A4之表面方向上具有空 隙之纖維群層、與積層體A4之內部方向上不具空隙之纖維 群層等二層構造。該二層構造如第5圖所示。確認熱固性樹 -5 1- 1304321 脂層與熱塑性樹脂層之界面44具有凹凸形狀。具有空隙45 之纖維群43b層係爲熱塑性樹脂層中配置的連續單絲之範圍 。在該範圍中測定存在單絲43b範圍之最大厚度Tpf-max與 最小厚度Tpf-min。最小厚度Tpf-min爲30μιη,最大厚度 Tpf-max 爲 50μηι 〇 切出沒有積層所得積層體Α4之熱黏合用基材膠帶的部 分,且以伯清耶魯麻(譯音)公司製DSC測定熱固性樹脂層之 樹脂的玻璃轉移溫度。測定的玻璃轉移溫度爲1 3 0 °C。 爲自所得積層體A4之長方形底面測定長方形之長邊方 向爲(T時測定〇°、45°、90°、135°方向之彎曲彈性率時,以 各角度切出試驗片。測定的彎曲彈性率在45°方向、即最外 層之纖維方向爲最大,其値爲1 1 6GPa。所測定的彎曲彈性 率在13 5°方向、即最外層纖維之90°方向爲最小値,其値爲 25GPa 〇 由所得的積層體A4切出以IS 045 87之被附體爲基準的 形狀之積層板。使積層體A4之熱黏合用基材膠帶所積層的 部分之間接合下予以貼合,施加6MPa之壓力且在180°C下 壓製5分鐘,作成試驗片。使用所得的試驗片,測定室溫之 黏合強度。黏合強度爲20MPa。觀察強度試驗後試驗片之黏 合面時,觀察自積層體A4剝離的單絲附著情形。 實施例卜2 : —體化成形品C5 製造第15圖所示之一體化成形品C5。使用積層體(1-1) 作爲積層體5。該積層體A5內置於射出成形用模具(圖中沒 有表示)。基體樹脂使用由聚醯胺系樹脂所成,碳纖維含有 -52- 1304321 率以重量比例(Wf)爲 20%之長纖維粒料(東麗(股)製 TLP1 M6)。使用該粒料,對內置的積層體A5而言使外周框 體部分、主架、具有折葉部之被附構件B 5以射出成形法形 成’製造一體化成形品C5。內置的積層體A5上預先在與被 附構件B 5之接合面上貼附於下述實施例3 _ 1中說明的由熱 黏合用基材所得熱黏合用基材膠帶。射出成形使用日本製鋼 所(股)製:T3 5 0EIII射出成形機進行,料筒溫度爲280°C。 實施例1-3 :積層體A6 首先,使聚醯胺12樹脂(宇部興產(股)製、熔點180°C) 之粒料熱壓製,作成厚度70μπι之薄膜狀熱黏合用基材。然 後,以與實施例i - ;1說明的相同要領積層預漬體,在最後積 層的預漬體上積層體全體上積層一張作成的熱黏合用基材。 然後,以熱板、在190 °C下預熱5分鐘,使熱黏合用基 材熔融後,以壓製成形機施加3MPa之壓力,且在150 °C下 加熱30分鐘,製造平均厚度〇.8mm之積層體A6。 使所得的積層體A6使用甲酸除去熱塑性樹脂,測定在 熱塑性樹脂中配置連續的單絲範圍之厚度。最小厚度 Tpf-min爲20μιη、最大厚度Tpf-max爲30μιη。熱固性樹脂 層之樹脂的玻璃轉移溫度爲1 3 4 °C。 積層體A6之彎曲彈性率在135°方向爲最小,此時之 値爲2 6 G P a。 在與實施例1-1時相同的要領下,施加6MPa之壓力且 在195 °C下壓製5分鐘,作成試驗片。使用該試驗片,以 IS045 87爲基準,測定室溫之黏合強度時爲14MPa。觀察黏 1304321 合強度試驗後之試驗片的黏合面時,觀察自積層體A6剝離 的單絲之附著情形。 實施例1-4 : 一體化成形品C7 以與實施例1 -2時相同的要領下,使積層體A6內置於 模具內,製造一體化成形品C 7。 實施例1-5 :積層體A7 以與實施例1 - 1時相同的要領下,製造積層體A7。惟 積層預漬體前,預先在母模積層面之全面上預先配置聚醯胺 6薄膜(東麗合成薄膜(股)製雷法(譯音)NO1401、厚度50 μιη 、熔點2 1 0°C )。然後,基體樹脂爲環氧樹脂,一方向配列的 碳纖維群之含有量以重量比例(Wf)60%之織物預漬體(東麗( 股)製頓雷卡(譯音)預漬體F634 3B-05P)以0°/90°配置。另外 ,基體樹脂爲環氧樹脂,使一方向配列的碳纖維群之含有量 以重量比例(Wf)60%之一方向性預漬體(東麗(股)頓雷卡預 漬體 P6053-12)以 45。、-45。、-4 5。、45。下積層 4 張,再使 上述織物預漬體(F6343B-05P)以(0°/90°)積層。最後,在積 層的預漬體上再使聚醯胺6薄膜(雷法NO1401)作爲熱黏合 用基材積層於積層體全體上。 然後,在預漬體成形前以熱板在225 °C下預熱3分鐘, 使熱黏合用基材熔融後,以壓製成形機施加6MPa之壓力, 且在15CTC下加熱30分鐘,製造平均厚度0.9 mm之積層體 A7。 使所得積層體A7以與實施例1 -3時相同的要領,測定 熱塑性樹脂層中配置的連續單絲範圍之厚度。最小厚度 一 5 4 - 1304321
Tpf-min 爲 ΙΟμπι、最大厚度 Tpf-max 爲 40μηι。 切削除去熱塑性樹脂層之兩表面後,熱固性樹脂層之樹 脂的玻璃轉移溫度爲132°C。 自所得積層體A7之長方形底面,使長方形之長邊方向 爲 〇。,爲測定 〇。、22.5。、45。、90。、112.5。、135。方向之彎 曲彈性率時,以各角度切出試驗片。所測定的積層體A7之 彎曲彈性率在22.5°方向爲最小,此時之値爲20GPa。 在與實施例1 -1時相同的要領下,施加6MPa之壓力且 在225 °C下壓製5分鐘,作成試驗片。使用該試驗片,以 IS 045 87爲基準,測定室溫之黏合強度時爲16MPa。觀察黏 合強度試驗後之試驗片的黏合面時,觀察自積層體A 7剝離 的單絲之附著情形。 實施例1-6 : —體化成形品C8 以與實施例1 - 2時相同的要領下,使積層體A7內置於 模具內,製造一體化成形品C8。 而且,使上述長纖維粒料(東麗(股)製TLP1146)射出成 形,作成與第15圖所示被附體B 5相同的被附體B 8。在所 得一體化成形品C 8上藉由超音波熔融接合被附體b 8。超音 波熔融係使用精電舍電子工業(股)製超音波熔融機 SONOPET2- 1200S/R,頻率數爲 1 9kHz、加壓力爲 1 kN。 實施例1-7 :積層體A9 以與實施例1 -1說明的相同要領積層預漬體,在最後積 層的預漬體上積層體A9全體上積層一張聚碳酸酯薄膜(拜 耶魯(譯音)(股)製聚碳酸酯薄膜、厚度5〇 μπι)作爲熱黏合用 一 55- 1304321 基材。 然後,以熱板、在260 °C下預熱3分鐘,使熱黏合用基 材熔融後,以壓製成形機施加6MPa之壓力,且在150 °C下 加熱30分鐘,製造平均厚度0.7mm之積層體A9。 使所得的積層體A9使用氯化伸甲基除去熱塑性樹脂, 測定在熱塑性樹脂中配置連續的單絲範圍之厚度。最小厚度 Tpf-min 爲 ΙΟμιη、最大厚度 Tpf-max 爲 20μιη。 切削除去熱塑性樹脂層之兩表面後,測定熱固性樹脂層 之樹脂的玻璃轉移溫度。所測定的玻璃轉移溫度爲1 34 °C。 所測定的積層體A9之彎曲彈性率在135°方向爲最小, 此時之値爲25GPa。 在與實施例1-1時相同的要領下,施加6MPa之壓力且 在2 60 °C下壓製3分鐘,作成試驗片。使用該試驗片,以 ISCM5 87爲基準,測定室溫之黏合強.度時爲1 iMPa。觀察黏 合強度試驗後之試驗片的黏合面時,觀察自積層體A9剝離 的單絲之附著情形。 實施例1-8 : —體化成形品C10 使聚碳酸酯樹脂(日本GEP(股)製聚碳酸酯樹脂雷奇散( 譯音)121R)、與切片的碳纖維(東麗(股)製切片碳纖維TS-12) 使用2軸押出機(日本製鋼所(股)製2軸押出機ΤΕΧ-30α), 予以複合化,使用碳纖維含有量3 0重量%之射出成形用粒料 〇 使上述積層體A9內置於射出成形用模具,以使用的射 出成形用粒料,製造一體化成形品C 1 0。 -5 6 - 1304321 實施例1-2、實施例1-4、實施例1-6、及實施例1-8之 一體化成形品,係使具有優異剛性的積層體、與有利於複雜 形狀成形的射出成形構件所成的構造構件堅固地結合,可知 適合於筆記型電腦等之電氣•電子機器的框體。另外,積層 體之強化纖維所描繪的型式可自外部觀察,可確認商品價値 更爲提高。 比較例1-1 :積層體PA1 除沒有積層熱黏合性基材外,以與上述實施例1 -1時相 同的要領積層預漬體。 然後,施力tl 6MPa之壓力且在150°C下加熱30分鐘進行 壓製成形,製造平均厚度〇.7mm之積層體PA1。 所得積層體PA1由於熱塑性樹脂層沒有在成形品PC 1 之表面上形成,故不具與其他構件PB 1之熱黏合性。切出以 IS 04 5 87之被附體爲基準形狀之積層板,且使接合部使用2 液型環氧黏合劑(塔卡拉(譯音)化學製品(股)製史瓦伯頓(譯 音)4000)以25 °C、1 MPa之壓力、24小時接合,作成試驗片 。使用所得的試驗片,測定室溫之黏合強度。測定的黏合強 度爲4MPa。 比較例卜2 : —體化成形品PC2 以與實施例1 -2說明的相同要領,使比較例1 -1之積層 體PA1內置於射出成形用模具,使用長纖維粒料(東麗(股) 製長纖維粒料TLP1 146),使外周框體部分、主架、及折葉 部以射出成形法形成。然而,於脫模後積層體P A 1與射出成 形構件P B 1剝離’無法提供給黏合強度試驗。 一 57- 1304321 比較例1-3 :積層體PA3 於上述實施例1 - 5中,在沒有預熱下施加6 mp a之壓力 且在150 °C下加熱30分鐘進行壓製成形,製造平均厚度 0.9mm之積層體PA3。 使所得的積層體P A3以與實施例1 _ 3時相同的要領,使 用甲酸進行洗淨,惟不見具有空隙之纖維群層。以S EM觀 察截面時,可知熱塑性樹脂層中沒有配置連續的單絲。可確 知該狀態與第6圖所示狀態相同。 切削除去熱塑性樹脂層之兩表面後,測定熱固性樹脂層 之樹脂的玻璃轉移溫度。所測定的玻璃轉移溫度爲1 30°C。 在與實施例1-1時相同的要領下,施加6MPa之壓力且 在225 °C下壓製5分鐘,作成試驗片。使用該試驗片,以 IS 045 87爲基準,測定室溫之黏合強度時爲〇.6MPa,可知容 易剝離。 比較例1-4 : 一體化成形品PC4 以與實施例1-6時相同的要領下,使積層體PA4內置於 模具內,製造一體化成形品PC4。 自所得一體化成形品PC4進行積層體PA4與射出成形 部分PB4間之垂直黏合強度測定試驗。可知積層體PA4與 射出成形部分PB4之界面附近馬上分離,垂直黏合強度爲 1 MPa以下。觀察分解後射出成形零件PB4之黏合面時,沒 有自積層體PA4剝離的單絲之附著情形。 比較例1 - 2、及比較例1 - 4之一體化成形品,積層體與 射出成形構件之黏合強度不充分,作爲製品時會引起剝離問 一 5 8 - 1304321 題。因此,由比較例之積層體可確認以實施例之積層體生產 性、量產性優異的容易方法無法製造一體化成形品。 實施例2 :積層體及一體化成形品 使用第9圖所示電氣·電子機器用典型框體C2之斜視 圖說明實施例。 參考例2 -1 :射出成形材料 使聚醯胺6樹脂(東麗(股)製聚醯胺6樹脂CM 1001)、與 短碳纖維(東麗(股)製短碳纖維TS-12)使用日本製鋼所(股) 製2軸押出機TEX-3 0α,予以複合化,製造纖維含量30重 量%之射出成形用粒料。 實施例2-1 :積層體Α21 使基體樹脂爲環氧樹脂(熱固性樹脂),碳纖維之含有率 以重量比例(Wf) 63 %之預漬體(東麗(股)製頓雷卡預漬體 305 1 S-12)切成所定大小,製造長度350mmx寬度300mm之 積層體。 在壓製成形用模具中,使切斷的長方形預漬體之長邊方 向爲 〇。,纖維方向自上朝 45。、-4 5。、90。、90。、-45。、45。 下積層6張預漬體。在最後積層的預漬體上積層2張下述實 施例3 -1之熱黏合用基材。 然後,以壓製成形機在160 °C下預熱5分鐘,使熱黏合 用基材熔融後,施加6MPa之壓力且在150°C下加熱30分鐘 ,使熱固性樹脂硬化。於硬化完成後,在室溫下冷卻,製造 厚度0.7mm之積層體。以SEM觀察製造的積層體之截面時 ,表面上熱塑性樹脂熔融以膜狀附著,其膜厚爲1〇μπι。引 -59- 1304321 取所製造的積層體,以第9圖所示加工成積層體A2(頂板) 形狀者作爲積層體A21。 實施例2-2 : —體化成形品C22 以實施例2-1製造的積層體A21作爲積層體A22,使其 內置於射出成形用模具中,使用以上述參考例2- 1調製的射 出成形用粒料,使與第9圖所示構造構件B 2相同構造構件 B 22射出成形。於所得的一體化成形品C22中,積層體A22 與構造構件B22堅固地一體接合。該一體化成形品C22利用 作爲框體。 自所製造的一體化成形品C22之積層體A22與構造構 件B 22黏合的部分切出l〇mm xlOmm之試驗片,提供給垂直 黏合強度試驗。工具與試驗片以黏合劑(上述史里伯頓178 2) 黏合,進行垂直黏合強度試驗。試驗結果在40 °C之氣氛中不 會引起積層體與射出成型構件間之破壞情形,工具與積層體 固定的黏合劑部分會產生剝離。在1 4 0 °C之氣氛下垂直黏合 強度爲4MPa。 實施例2-3 :積層體A23 以與上述實施例2-1時相同的要領,使用平織碳纖維織 物(東麗(股)製頓雷卡(譯音)織物C06343)中含浸有環氧樹脂 之碳纖維量57體積%之預漬體,製造積層體A23。作爲積層 構成係長方形之長邊方向爲〇°、纖維方向爲〇°/9〇°下積層4 張預漬體,另外在最後積層的預漬體上積層作爲熱黏合用基 材之聚醯胺系不織布(吳羽化學公司(股)製聚醯胺系不織布 賴納克(譯音)LNS-0050、單位面積重量50g/m2、熔點135°C) -60- 1304321 其次,真空袋成形且在140 °C下加熱1小時予以硬化, 製造厚度〇.9mm之積層體A23。所製造的積層體A23之表面 上有不織布熔融以膜狀附著的情形,其膜厚爲25μιη。引取 所得積層體A 2 2,以加工成第9圖所示積層體A 2形狀者作 爲積層體A23(頂板)。 實施例2-4 : —體化成形品C24 以與上述實施例2-2時相同的要領,以積層體A23作爲 積層體A24,內置於模具中,使構造構件B24射出成形。於 所得的一體化成形品C24中積層體A24與構造構件B24之 垂直黏合強度以強制格子把持的方法測定結果,在40 °C之氣 氛中垂直黏合強度爲21MPa,且在140°C之氣氛中垂直黏合 強度爲2MPa。 實施例2_5:積層體A25 以與上述實施例2-3時相同的要領,使用在平織的碳纖 維織物(東麗(股)製頓雷卡織物C Ο 6 3 4 3 )中含浸有1 8 0 °C硬化 型環氧樹脂之碳纖維量57體積%預漬體,製造積層體A25 。積層一張作爲熱黏合用基材之聚醯胺薄膜(東麗合成薄膜( 股)製聚醯胺薄膜、型1401、厚度80μιη、熔點215°C)。 其次,真空袋成形且在22 0°C下加熱5分鐘使熱黏合用 基材熔融後,在1 8 0下使熱固性樹脂硬化4 5分鐘,製造厚 度0.9mm之積層體A25。所製造的積層體A25之表面上有不 織布熔融以膜狀附著的情形,其膜厚爲65μιη。引取所得積 層體Α25’以加工成第9圖所示積層體Α2形狀者作爲積層 1304321 體A25(頂板)。 實施例2-6 : —體化成形品A26 以與上述實施例2-2時相同的要領,以積層體A25作爲 積層體A 2 6,內置於模具中,使構造構件b 2 6射出成形。於 所得的一體化成形品C26中積層體A26與構造構件B26之 垂直黏合強度以與實施例2 - 4時相同的方法測定結果,在 4〇°C之氣氛中垂直黏合強度爲15MPa,且在140°C之氣氛中 垂直黏合強度爲8MPa。 比較例2-1:積層體PA21 除沒有積層熱黏合用基材外,以與上述實施例2 - 1時相 同的要領實施,製造積層體PA21。 比較例2-2 : —體化成形品PC22 以與上述實施例2 - 2時相同的要領,以比較例2 - 1之積 層體PA21作爲積層體PA22,內置於模具中,使構造構件 PB 22射出成形。於所得的一體化成形品pC 22中積層體PA22 與構造構件PB 22之垂直黏合強度以與實施例2-2時相同的 方法測定結果,在40°C之氣氛中垂直黏合強度爲0.2MPa, 且在140°C之氣氛中垂直黏合強度爲O.IMPa。 實施例2-2、實施例2-4、及實施例2-6之一體化成形品 ’係使具有優異剛性的積層體、與有利於複雜形狀成形的射 出成形構件所成的構造構件堅固地結合,適合於筆記型電腦 等之電氣•電子機器的框體。另外,積層體之強化纖維所描 繪的型式可自外部觀察,可確認商品價値更爲提高。 比較例2- 1之積層體,不具熱黏合力,即使形成一體化 - 62 - 1304321 成形品仍無法作爲實用的製品。 比較例2 -2之一體化成形品,積層體與射出成形構件之 黏合強度不充分,作爲製品時會引起剝離問題。因此,由比 較例之積層體可確認以實施例之容易方法無法製造一體化 成形品。 實施例3 :熱黏合用基材 實施例3 - 1 使用3元共聚合聚醯胺樹脂(東麗(股)製、3元共聚合聚 醯胺樹脂C Μ 4 0 0 0、聚醯胺6 / 6 6 / 6 1 0、熔點1 5 0 °C )之粒料, 以熔融流動法製造寬度l,〇〇〇mm之不織布狀基材。該熱黏合 用基材之單位面積重量爲30g/m2。 使用該物作爲熱黏合用基材,預熱壓製溫度爲1 6 〇它, 以IS 045 87爲基準進行黏合強度S之評估。 比較例3 - 1 使用聚丙烯樹脂(吉索(譯音)(股)製聚丙烯樹脂、熔點 17〇°C)作爲熱黏合用基材,同樣地製造不織布狀基材。使用 該物作爲熱黏合用基材,預熱壓製爲18〇 t、以與實施例3d 相同的方法進行黏合強度S之評估。 比較例3 - 2 使用聚醯胺6樹脂(東麗(股)製聚醯胺6樹脂、熔點215t:) 作爲熱黏合用基材,同樣地製造不織布狀基材。使用該物作 爲熱黏合用基材,預熱壓製爲2 2 〇它、以與實施例3 _ i相同 的方法進行黏合強度S之評估。 此寺之評估結果如表1所示。 1304321 表1 熱黏合用基材 拉伸黏合強度(MPa) 評估 100°C 130°C 160°C 200°C 實施例3-1 三元共聚合聚 醯胺樹脂 8.0 7.9 0.7 0.4 良 比較例3-1 聚丙烯樹脂 2.7 1.8 1.0 0.5 差 比較例3-2 聚醯胺樹脂 5.5 4.9 4.0 3.3 稍差 表1係如下述。換言之,實施例3-1之熱黏合用基材, 在130°C以下之溫度下具有優異的黏合強度,且在160°C以上 之溫度下可容易分離、可使用於回收性。另外’比較例3 -1 之熱黏合用基材,1〇〇 °C之黏合強度不充分,會有實質上的 問題。另外,比較例3-2之熱黏合用基材於200 °C下由於無 法容易分離,故不具有對應的回收性。 實施例4 :電磁波屏蔽成形品C4 1 實施例4-1 藉由上述實施例2-2可說明苯發明電磁波屏蔽成形品 C4 1之一形態。該電磁波屏蔽成形品C4 1係由第1 3圖之第1 構造體A3、與由熱塑性樹脂所成的第2構造體B3 —體化形 成。另外,第1構造體A3藉由KEC法之電磁波屏蔽性爲50dB 以上。 實施例4-2 以藉由上述比較例2-1所得的積層體作爲第1構造體 A3。然後,使用實施例2-2所使用的模具,且配置間距以取 一 6 4 一 1304321 代內置積層體,使參考例2-1之射出成形用粒料射出成形, 作成第2構造體B 3。 使所得的第1構造體A3與第2構造體B 3於接合面以 醇洗淨後使用上述史里伯頓(股)製2液型黏合材3 92 1 /3 926 黏合,製造一體化成形品C3。黏合後,在常溫下放置24小 第1構造體A3藉由KEC法之電磁波屏蔽性爲50dB以上 〇 實施例4 - 3 於第16圖中,係表示頂面181爲具有二層構造之第1 構造體A43與接合該構造體之第2構造體B43所成的電磁波 屏蔽成形品C43之分解斜視圖。 單獨使上述東麗(股)製頓雷卡之織物C06343中含浸有 環氧樹脂之碳纖維量57體積%的預漬體,以壓製成形機施加 6MPa之壓力,且在150°C下加熱30分鐘,使熱固性樹脂硬 化。硬化完成後,在室溫下冷卻,製造厚度0.2mm之第1 構造體A43。 其次,使長纖維粒料(東麗(股)製長纖維粒料TLP1146) 射出成形,作成第2構造體B43。 使所得的第1構造體A43與第2構造體B43於接合面 以醇洗淨後使用上述史里伯頓(股)製 2液型黏合材 392 1/3926黏合,製造一體化成形品C43。黏合後,在常溫 下放置2 4小時。 所得成形品C43之頂面18 1具有二層構造,其厚度爲 -65- 1304321 1.4mm,電磁波屏蔽性爲50dB以上。爲測定彎曲彈性率時 ,以頂面長度方向爲〇°,有關〇°、45°、90°方向以各角度切 出試驗片。惟除去含有主架、肋部、折葉部、熔接部之部分 。使用試驗片測定的彎曲彈性率在45°方向爲最小,其値爲 15GPa。 自第2構造體B43之一部份切出大小尺寸3mmx3mm之 試驗片,在溶劑(甲酸)約l〇〇ml中浸漬24小時使樹脂成份 溶解。然後,使用過濾紙過濾強化纖維成份,以顯微鏡觀察 過濾殘渣,測定隨意抽取的400條強化纖維之纖維長度(mm) 。重量平均纖維長Lw爲0.48mm、且重量平均纖維長Lw與 數平均纖維長Ln之比(Lw/Ln)爲1.8。 比較例4 - 1 使用參考例1調整的熱塑性樹脂,使模具框體射出成形 。所製造的成形品之頂面厚度爲1.2mm,電磁波屏蔽性爲 23dB。爲測定彎曲彈性率時,以頂面長度方向爲0°,有關 0°、3 0°、60°、90°方向以各角度切出試驗片。惟除去含有主 架、肋部、折葉部、熔接部之部分。使用試驗片測定的彎曲 彈性率在45°方向爲最小,其値爲6GP a。 實施例4-1、實施例4-2、及實施例4-3之一體化成形品 ,係使具有優異剛性的積層體、與有利於複雜形狀成形的射 出成形構件所成的構造構件堅固地結合,適合於筆記型電腦 等之電氣•電子機器的框體。 另外,比較例4-1之一體化成形品,電磁波屏蔽性、剛 性不充分,實裝於電氣•電子機器時,無法充分對應於電磁 一 6 6 - 1304321 波障害、內部電子電路之保護等近年來電氣·電子機器之框 體用途嚴格要求。 產業上之利用價値 本發明之積層體可容易與其他構造體一體化,且接合的 構件間具有優異的黏合強度。使用本發明積層體之一體化成 形品具有優異的力學特性、輕量性且於廢棄時可容易解體。 另外,本發明之電磁波屏蔽成形品,不僅具有優異的電磁波 屏蔽性,且具有薄型、輕量、高剛性,故可使用於電腦、顯 示器或攜帶型資料終端機等電氣•電子機器之框體。本發明 之熱黏合用基材具有優異的黏合強度,且可使用作爲於積層 體與其他構件一體化時之黏合材料。 (五)圖式簡單說明 第1圖係爲本發明積層體之一形態的典型斜視圖。 第2圖係爲弟1圖之積層體表層部之部分擴大截面圖。 第3圖係爲本發明積層體之實施例的構造藉由第1檢測 試驗所得試驗片之典型截面圖。 第4圖係爲積層體之比較例的構造藉由第1檢測試驗所 得試驗片之典型截面圖。 第5圖係爲本發明積層體之實施例的構造藉由第2檢測 試驗所得試驗片之典型截面圖。 第6圖係爲本發明積層體之比較例的構造藉由第2檢測 試驗所得試驗片之典型截面圖。 第7圖係爲本發明積層體之實施例的構造藉由第3檢測 試驗所得試驗片之典型斜視圖。 -67- 1304321 第8圖係爲說明積層體藉由IS 04 5 87進行黏合強度試驗 時試驗片之調整方法的斜視圖。 第9圖係爲本發明一體化成形品之一實施例的電氣·電 子機器用框架之典型斜視圖。 第1 0圖係爲測定積層體之垂直黏合強度時試驗機要部 之典型正面圖。 第1 1圖係爲說明本發明一體化成形品之製造步驟的流 程圖。 第1 2圖係爲說明習知一體化成形品之製造步驟的流程 圖。 第1 3圖係爲本發明一體化成形品另一實施例之電氣·電 子機器框架的典型分解斜視圖。 第1 4圖係爲本發明積層體另一實施例之分解斜視圖。 第1 5圖係爲本發明一體化成形品之另一實施例的電氣· 電子框架之典型斜視圖。 第1 6圖係爲本發明一體化成形品之另一實施例的電氣· 電子機器框架之典型分解斜視圖。 元件符號說明 la 第1層 2a 第2層 3 第3層 lb 第5層 2b 第4層 4 a 下面 -68- 1304321 4b 上面 5 積層體 la 第1層 4 a 下面 11 熱固性樹脂層 12 熱塑性樹脂層 13 強化纖維群 13a, 13b 單絲 1 3 b - o u t 單絲 13b-in-min 單絲 13b-in-max 單絲 1 3 b - o u t 單絲 14 界面 T p f - m i n 最小距離 Tp f - m ax 最大距離 A1 積層體 2 1 熱固性樹脂層 22 熱塑性樹脂層 23a, 23b 單絲 24 界面 A1 積層體 3 1 熱固性樹脂層 32 熱塑性樹脂層 3 3a, 33b 單絲 -69- 1304321 34 界面 PA 積層體 4 1 熱固性樹脂層 43 強化纖維群 43a, 43b 單絲 44 界面 45 空隙 A 1 積層體 6 1 接合部 62 部分殘份 B 1 被附體 TP1 試驗片 TP 1 W 試驗片寬度 BP 接合部 101 頂板 102 框體 A2 積層體 B2 構造材 C2 成形品 111a, 111b 工具 1 12 黏合面 113a, 113b 箭頭 TP2 試驗片 60 預漬體 -70- 1304321 6 1 熱 62 熱 63 強 70 積 7 1 步 72 步 73 步 74 步 80 一 8 1 步 82 步 83 熱 90 後 9 1 修 92 製 A 積 B 構 C 一 60P 預 70P 積 120 射 121 熱 122 射 123 構 固性樹脂層 黏合用樹脂基材 化纖維群 層體成形步驟 驟 驟 驟 驟 體化步驟 驟 驟 塑性組成物 處理步驟 補步驟 品 層體 造構件 體化成形品 漬體 層體成形步驟 出成形步驟 塑性樹脂組成物 出成形步驟 件 1304321 130 一體化步驟 13 1 步驟 132 步驟 133 步驟 134 步驟 135 步驟 136 製品 140 後處理步驟 14 1 修補步驟 142 製品 PA 積層體 PB 構造構件 PC 一體化步驟 72

Claims (1)

1304321 拾、申請專利範圍: 1 ·一種積層體,其係由熱固性樹脂層、熱塑性樹脂層、及多 條連續的單絲所成強化纖維群所形成,其中於該熱固性樹 脂層與熱塑性樹脂層的界面中,熱固性樹脂層之樹脂與熱 塑性樹脂層之樹脂具有凹凸形狀、予以一體化,該強化纖 維群中一群單絲至少接合於熱固性樹脂層之樹脂,及強化 纖維群中其餘的單絲至少接合於熱塑性樹脂層之樹脂所 成的成形體,且與熱塑性樹脂層界面的反側面位於該成形 體的表面。 2·如申請專利範圍第1項之積層體,其中多條連續的單絲成 一方向配列,熱固性樹脂層與熱塑性樹脂層之界面存在於 強化纖維群中。 3 ·如申請專利範圍第丨項之積層體,其中形成熱固性樹脂層 之樹脂的玻璃轉移溫度爲6 0 °C以上。 4·如申請專利範圍第1項之積層體,其中於熱塑性樹脂層中 存在連續的單絲範圍之最大厚度爲ΙΟμπι以上。 5·如申請專利範圍第4項之積層體,其最大厚度爲1,000μιη 以下。 6·如申請專利範圍第1項之積層體,其中熱塑性樹脂層之表 面積爲積層體表面積之0.1〜50%。 7 ·如申請專利範圍第1項之積層體,其中位於與熱塑性樹脂 層反側的積層體面上形成有與由熱固性樹脂、熱塑性樹脂 、及多條連續的單絲所成強化纖維群形成者相同構造所成 的層。 -73 - 1304321 8 .如申請專利範圍第1項之積層體,其中以說明書中所定義 的積層體試驗片之IS 〇45 87爲基準,黏合強度在室溫爲 6MPa以上。 9 · 一種積層體,其特徵爲由在熱固性基體樹脂中配置有多條 連續的單絲所成強化纖維群之熱固性樹脂組成物、與至少 部分熱固性樹脂組成物之表面上所形成的熱塑性樹脂組 成物所成被膜形成的積層體,且該積層體與經由被膜黏合 的其他成形品之以說明書定義的垂直黏合強度於溫度 40°C係l〇MPa以上,且於溫度140°C係低於lOMPa。 1〇·如申請專利範圍第9項之積層體,其中由熱塑性樹脂組成 物所成的被膜之平均厚度爲0.1〜1,000μιη。 1 1 ·如申請專利範圍第1或9項之積層體,其中構成強化纖維 群之多條連續的單絲爲碳纖維。 1 2 ·如申請專利範圍第1或9項之積層體,其中熱固性樹脂爲 以環氧樹脂爲主成份之樹脂。 1 3 ·如申請專利範圍第1或9項之積層體,其中熱塑性樹脂爲 至少一種選自於聚醯胺系樹脂、聚酯系樹脂、聚碳酸酯系 樹脂、苯乙烯系樹脂、EVA樹脂、胺甲酸酯系樹脂、丙烯 酸系樹脂、聚烯烴系樹脂、PPS系樹脂之族群。 1 4 · 一種製造如申請專利範圍第1或9項之積層體之方法,其 特徵爲在多條連續的單絲所成強化纖維群中含浸硬化前 之熱固性樹脂形成的預漬體表面上,配置由熱塑性樹脂所 成的熱黏合用基材,於該熱固性樹脂之硬化反應時、或於 硬化反應前之預熱時,使該熱黏合用基材之熱塑性樹脂含 一 7 4 - 1304321 浸於強化纖維群中所成。 1 5 ·如申請專利範圍第i 4項之方法,其中在強化纖維群中含 浸熱塑性樹脂時,使壓力O.IMPa以上之加壓力作用所成 〇 1 6 · —種一體化成形品,其特徵爲使如申請專利範圍第1或9 項之積層體所成第1構件、與由其他構造構件所成的第2 構件,經由第1構件之熱塑性樹脂黏合所成。 1 7 ·如申請專利範圍第1 6項之一體化成形品,其中第2構件 爲至少一種選自於如申請專利範圍第1或9項之積層體所 成構件、由熱塑性樹脂組成物所成的構件、由金屬材料所 成的構件。 1 8 ·如申請專利範圍第1 6項之一體化成形品,其中使如申請 專利範圍第1或9項之積層體所成第1構件、與由其他構 造構件所成的第2構件,以至少一種選自於熱熔融、振動 熔融、超音波熔融、雷射熔融、內部射出成形、外部射出 成形之一體化方法予以一體化。 1 9 ·如申請專利範圍第1 6項之一體化成形品,其中一體化成 形品爲電氣·電子機器、OA機器、家電機器、醫療機器之 零件、構件或框體。 20·如申請專利範圍第1 6項之一體化成形品,其中一體化成 形品爲汽車、摩托車、腳踏車、飛機、建材用零件、構件 或平板。 2 1 · —種熱黏合用基材,其係於爲使同種及/或不同種被附體熱 黏合時之基材,其特徵爲以說明書中定義的積層體試驗片 1304321 * 之IS04587爲基準,黏合強度在溫度i〇〇°c爲5.0MPa以上 、且於溫度200°C爲l.OMPa以下。 22·如申請專利範圍第21項之熱黏合用基材,其中溫度t(°C) 時之黏合強度爲St(MPa)、溫度(t+30)(°C)時黏合強度爲 S(t+3G)(MPa)時,滿足St^3xS(t+3G)之關係的溫度t爲100 〜200〇C。 2 3 ·如申請專利範圍第2 1項之熱黏合用基材,其中基材爲由 共聚合聚醯胺系樹脂組成物所成。 24·如申請專利範圍第23項之熱黏合用基材,其中共聚合聚 醯胺含有3元共聚合聚醯胺6/66/610作爲構成成份。 25·如申請專利範圍第21項之熱黏合用基材,其中基材具有 不織布或薄膜形態,單位面積重量爲1〜l〇〇g/m2。 26·如申請專利範圍第14項之方法,其中熱黏合用基材爲如 申請專利範圍第2 1項之熱黏合用基材。 27 · —種電磁波屏蔽成形品,其係爲使配置有多條連續的單絲 所成導電性纖維群之樹脂組成物形成的第1構造體、與由 熱塑性樹脂組成物所成的第2構造體一體化所得的成形品 ,其中第1構造體以KEC法測定的頻率數1GHz之電磁波 屏蔽性爲40dB以上。 28. 如申請專利範圍第27項之電磁波屏蔽成形品,其中第1 構造爲如申請專利範圍第1 1項之積層體。 29. 如申請專利範圍第27項之電磁波屏蔽成形品,其中第1 構造體以ASTM-D790爲基準的彎曲彈性率於說明書中定 義的試驗片中爲8GPa以上。 1304321 30.如申請專利範圍第27項之電磁波屏蔽成形品,其中第1 構造體之平均厚度爲1.6mm以下。 3 1 ·如申請專利範圍第27項之電磁波屏蔽成形品,其中以自 外部觀察時多條連續的單絲之配列狀態爲基準觀察型式。 32.如申請專利範圍第27項之電磁波屏蔽成形品,其中第1 構造體之樹脂組成物爲熱固性樹脂。 3 3 ·如申請專利範圍第27項之電磁波屏蔽成形品,其中第1 構造體之樹脂組成物爲熱塑性樹脂。 34.如申請專利範圍第27項之電磁波屏蔽成形品,其中第2 構造體之熱塑性樹脂組成物包含不連續碳纖維,該碳纖維 之重量平均纖維長Lw爲0.4mm以上且重量平均纖維長Lw 與數平均纖維長Ln之比爲Lw/Ln爲1.3〜2.0。 3 5 .如申請專利範圍第27項之電磁波屏蔽成形品,其中成形 品爲電氣•電子機器、OA機器、家電機器、醫療機器之零 件、構件或框體。 36. 如申請專利範圍第35項之電磁波屏蔽成形品,其中至少 部分框體之頂面部上設置第1構造體,且在包含框體之框 架、主架、肋部、折葉部、線部及此等之構件上設置第2 構造體所成。 37. —種製造如申請專利範圍第27項之電磁波屏蔽成形品之 方法,其特徵爲由預先成形的第1構造體放置於模具內部 之第1步驟,然後形成第2構造體之熱塑性樹脂組成物對 內部的第1構造體而言射出於模具,使該第2構造體與第 1構造體一體化之第2步驟所成。 一 77 - 1304321 38. —種製造如申請專利範圍第27項之電磁波屏蔽成形品之 方法,其特徵爲使預先成形的第1構造體、與預先藉由射 出成形所成形的第2構造體以超音波予以熔融一體化所成 -78
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TW200421968A (en) 2004-10-16
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US20060110599A1 (en) 2006-05-25
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US8092897B2 (en) 2012-01-10
KR101156516B1 (ko) 2012-06-18

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