TWI289884B - RRAM memory cell electrodes - Google Patents

RRAM memory cell electrodes Download PDF

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TWI289884B
TWI289884B TW093135654A TW93135654A TWI289884B TW I289884 B TWI289884 B TW I289884B TW 093135654 A TW093135654 A TW 093135654A TW 93135654 A TW93135654 A TW 93135654A TW I289884 B TWI289884 B TW I289884B
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layer
depositing
refractory metal
memory cell
rram
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TW200529303A (en
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Sheng-Teng Hsu
Wei Pan
Feng-Yan Zhang
Wei-Wei Zhuang
Ting-Kai Li
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Sharp Kk
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10NELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N70/00Solid-state devices without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
    • H10N70/20Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G11INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11CSTATIC STORES
    • G11C13/00Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
    • G11C13/0002Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
    • G11C13/0007Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements comprising metal oxide memory material, e.g. perovskites
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10NELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N70/00Solid-state devices without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
    • H10N70/011Manufacture or treatment of multistable switching devices
    • H10N70/061Patterning of the switching material
    • H10N70/063Patterning of the switching material by etching of pre-deposited switching material layers, e.g. lithography
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10NELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N70/00Solid-state devices without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
    • H10N70/801Constructional details of multistable switching devices
    • H10N70/821Device geometry
    • H10N70/826Device geometry adapted for essentially vertical current flow, e.g. sandwich or pillar type devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10NELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N70/00Solid-state devices without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
    • H10N70/801Constructional details of multistable switching devices
    • H10N70/841Electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10NELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N70/00Solid-state devices without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
    • H10N70/801Constructional details of multistable switching devices
    • H10N70/881Switching materials
    • H10N70/883Oxides or nitrides
    • H10N70/8836Complex metal oxides, e.g. perovskites, spinels
    • GPHYSICS
    • G11INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11CSTATIC STORES
    • G11C2213/00Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
    • G11C2213/30Resistive cell, memory material aspects
    • G11C2213/31Material having complex metal oxide, e.g. perovskite structure
    • GPHYSICS
    • G11INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11CSTATIC STORES
    • G11C2213/00Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
    • G11C2213/70Resistive array aspects
    • G11C2213/77Array wherein the memory element being directly connected to the bit lines and word lines without any access device being used

Description

1289884 七 指定代表圖 (一) 、本案指定代表圖為:第(2)圖 (二) 、本代表圖之元件代表符號簡單說明: 10 多 層 電 極 12 基 板 14 介 面 16 金 屬 栓 塞 18 電 阻 式 隨 機 20 耐 氧 化 材 料 22 耐 火 金 屬 層 24 巨 磁 阻 抗 材 26 耐 火 金 屬 層 28 耐 氧 化 材 料 存取記憶體記憶胞 層 料層 層 八、本案若有化學式時,請揭示最能顯示發明特徵的化學 式: 1289884 (1) 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明關於用於非揮發記憶體陣列的薄膜電阻記憶 體元件,且特別地關於用於一電阻式隨機存取記憶體記 憶胞的一多層電極。 【先前技術】 現今仍無商業化利用的電阻式隨機存取記憶體 (RRAM)元件,然而已發展使用鉑(Pt)、金(Au)、銀(Ag) 、鋁(A1)、鈦(Ti)和氮化鈦(TiN)電極的實驗元件,鉛(Pt) 、金(An)、銀(Ag)電極元件顯出好的耐久性,然而使用 常用的積體電路蝕刻製程無法蝕刻由此些材料所形成的 電極,實驗元件利用淺遮罩(shallow mask)或化學機械硏 磨(chemical mechanical polishing,簡稱 CMP)製程來製 造,對次微米(sub-micron)大尺寸記憶體元件製造而言, 淺遮罩(shallow mask)或化學機械硏磨(chemical mechanical polishing,簡稱CMP)製程既不合適也不經濟 ,已使用於實驗元件中的其它電極材料證明可靠性差和 耐久性差。劉等人西兀兩千年五月於 Applied Physics Letters· Vlo.76,#19,P.2749-275 1 發表的”Electrical-pulse-induced reversible resistance change effect in magnetoresistive films”。本發明提供一可靠的電極架構 來改進元件可靠性、耐久性,同時降低製造成本。 (2) 1289884 【發明內容】 形成於一矽基板上的一電阻式隨機存取記憶體 (RRAM)記憶胞,具有於矽基板中的一操作介面和於矽基 板上的一金屬栓塞,包括一第一耐氧化(oxidation resistant)層、一第一耐火金屬(refractory metal)層、一巨 磁阻抗(Colossal Magnetoresistive,簡稱 CMR)層、一 第二耐火金屬(refractory metal)層及一第二耐氧化 (oxidation resistant)層。 一種製造一多層電極電阻式隨機存取記億體(RRAM) 記憶胞的方法包括:準備一矽基板;形成一由N +介面和 P +介面所組成的介面群中選出的介面於該基板中;沉積 一金屬栓塞於該介面上;沉積一第一耐氧化層於該金屬 栓塞上;沉積一第一耐火金屬層於該第一耐氧化層上; 沉積一巨磁阻抗層於該第一耐火金屬層上;沉積一第二 耐火金屬層於該巨磁阻抗層上;沉積一第二第一耐氧化 層於該第二耐火金屬層上;及完成該電阻式隨機存取記 憶體記憶胞。 本發明的一目的爲提供改進元件可靠性和元件耐久 性且能夠經濟地來製作的一可靠電極。 本發明的其它目的爲提供耐氧化的一多層電極。 本發明的另一目的爲提供一電阻式隨機存取記憶體 (RRAM)—金屬電極。 本發明的內容和目的爲提供能快速的認知本發明的 原理,更透徹的了解本發明藉由參照緊接著本發明較佳 (3) 1289884 實施例的實施方式並結合圖式可獲得。 【實施方式】 實驗數據證明在程式(programming)的時間內,接近 陰極的電阻式隨機存取記憶體(RRAM)材料電阻値轉換至 高電阻値態,同時接近陽極的電阻式隨機存取記憶體 (RRAM)材料電阻値轉換至低電阻値態,於當一窄電壓脈 衝加至元件情況的時間內,電阻値轉變發生,電阻値轉 變造成接近陰極的一電壓降,因爲電阻値改變,需要一 明確的注入電位(onset voltage),也實驗地發現材料需求 一特定的氧含量,因爲當氧含量太低,不會有電阻値改 變 0 假如電阻式隨機存取記憶體(RRAM)記憶胞電極並非 耐氧化的,電極在製程熱處理的時間內將氧化或在普通 操作的時間內藉由電流電壓所產生的熱逐漸地氧化,在 電極氧化發生的同時,氧從電阻式隨機存取記憶體 (RRAM)材料擴散至該電極,造成一缺氧(oxygen deficit) 區,氧化電極和缺氧(oxygen deficit)區域兩者皆具高電 阻値’此外如第1圖中所說明,缺氧(oxygen deficit)區 域不能藉由電脈衝改變爲低電阻値態,加至陰極的等效 電壓因此給定爲:其中I爲流經元件的 電流、R爲SB憶體材料的氧化電極和缺氧(oxygen deficit) 區域中的串聯電阻,QDS爲空乏區中的淨電荷,及C0D爲 缺氧(oxygen deficit)區域電容和氧化電極電容的串聯電 (4) 1289884 容,上述方程式證明等效程式(programming)電壓藉由電 極氧化可能顯注地減少。 如前面說明,一次微米(sub-mocron)尺寸的銷(Pt)電 極可藉由化學機械硏磨(chemical mechanical polishing, 簡稱 CMP)製程形成,缺點爲成本,化學機械硏磨 (chemical mechanical polishing,簡稱 CMP)需要晶圓 (wafer)表面平坦化(planarization)、一氧化物溝渠 (trench)形成和一化學機械硏磨(chemical mechanical polishing,簡稱CMP)製程,此外鉑(Pt)不能阻擋氧擴散 ,且失去氧且缺氧(oxygen deficit)區域的形成仍可能發 生。 一電阻式隨機存取記憶體(RRAM)記憶胞電極必須不 與電阻材料反應,貴金屬(Noble Metal)電極爲較佳的, 然而大多數的貴金屬(Noble Metal)電極不能阻擋氧擴散 ’因此需要如第2圖所顯不一般爲10的一*多層電極,第 2圖敘述具有一 N +或P +介面(junction)14形成於其中、 一金屬栓塞(metal plug)16從介面(junction)14向上延伸 通過一氧化物層至一多層電極電阻式隨機存取記憶體記 憶胞(RRAM memory cell)18 的一基板(substrate)12,電 阻式隨機存取記憶體記憶胞(R R A M m e m 〇 r y c e 11) 1 8包括 耐氧化材料層(oxidation resistant material layer) 20 和 28、耐火金屬層(refractory metal layer)22 和 26 及一層 金屬,在較佳實施例中特別地爲一巨磁阻抗材料層( Colossal Magnetoresistive,簡稱 CMR,material layer) 1289884
24 〇 耐氧化材料層(oxidation resistant material layer) 20 和28由如氮化鈦(TiN)、氮化鉬(TaN)、TiAlNx、TaAlNx 、氮化矽鉅(TaSiN)、氮化矽鈦(TiSiN)和氮化鈦釕 (RuTiN)的耐氧化材料所形成,此中也分別地參照爲第一 和第一耐氧化層的耐氧化材料層(oxidation resistant material layer) 20和28之厚度於約50奈米(nm)至300 奈米(nm)間,利用任何常用的乾蝕刻製程,耐氧化材料 層(oxidation resistant material layer) 20 和 28 可鈾刻。 耐火金屬層(refractory metal layer)22和26由如鉑 (Pt)、銥(Ir)、氮化銥(Ir〇2)、釕(RU)、氮化釕(Ru〇2)、金 (Au)、銀(Ag)、铑(Rh)、鈀(Pd)、鎳(Ni)和鈷(Co)的耐火 金屬所形成,此中也分別地參照爲第一和第二耐火金屬 層的耐火金屬層(refractory metal layer)22和 26之厚度 於約 3奈米(nm)至 50奈米(nm)間,因爲耐火金屬層 (refractory metal layer)22和 26非常薄,耐火金屬層 (refractory metal layer)22 和 26 利用在沒有遮罩(mask)材 料額外退化和已蝕刻材料的再沉積下之一部份濺鍍 (sputtering)製程可乾蝕刻,雖然如第2圖中所繪對陰極 和陽極兩者皆具雙金屬電極爲較佳地,對特定的應用, 一電阻式隨機存取記憶體胞只具一雙金屬電極爲可靠的 巨磁阻抗材料層(Colossal Magnetoresistive,簡稱 CMR,material layer) 24 由如 PCMO(Pr〇.7Ca〇.3Mn03)、 -10- (6) (6)1289884 LPCMO或高溫超導材料等的巨磁阻抗材料(c〇l〇ssai Magnetoresistive,簡稱 CMR,material)所形成,且藉 由濺鍍(sputtering)、金屬有機化學氣相沉積(metal organic chemical vapor deposition,簡稱 MOCVD)或包括 旋轉塗佈(spin coating)的金屬氧化物沉積(metal oxide deposition,簡稱 MOD)可沉積,巨磁阻抗材料層( Colossal Magnetoresistive,簡稱 CMR,material layer) 24具一約50奈米(nm)至3 00奈米(nm)間的厚度。 現在參照第3圖,一般地於3 0顯示本發明的方法, 且包括基板準備(PREPARE SUBSTRATES)32、於基板中 形成一 N +或 P +介面(FORM A N+ OR P+ JUNCTION)34, 藉由丨賤鍍(sputtering)來沉積一金屬栓塞(metal plug)16 (DEPOSIT METAL PLUG)36,且金屬栓塞(metal plug) 16 可由鎢或銅所形成,金屬栓塞(metal plug)16可圖案轉移 及餓刻,且然後以金屬栓塞(metal plug)16之後於周圍所 沉積的一氧化物層包圍。
沉積一第一耐氧化層(DEPOSIT 1ST OXDIATION RESISTANT LAYER)38,緊接著沉積一第一耐火金屬層 (DEPOSIT 1ST REFRACTORY METAL LAYER)40,然後 沉積巨磁阻抗層(DEPOSIT CMR LAYER)42,沉積一第二 耐火金屬層(DEPOSIT 2nd REFRACTORY METAL LAYER)44,緊接著沉積一第二耐氧化層(DEPOSIT 2nd OXDIATION RESISTANT LAYER)46,然後根據眾所周知 的技術完成電阻式隨機存取記憶體記憶胞(COMPLETE _ 11 - (7) (7)1289884 RRAM MEMORY CELL)48。 因此一製造電阻式隨機存取記憶體記憶胞(RRAM m e m 〇 r y c e 11)電極的方法已經揭露’可以瞭解的是額外的 變化和變更因此可依所申請的申請專利範圍所界定的本 發明範疇之至中而完成。 【圖式簡單說明】 (一)圖式部份 第1圖敘述電阻式隨機存取記憶體記億胞(RRAM m e m 〇 r y c e 11)的電阻特性。 第2圖敘述本發明之電阻式隨機存取記憶體(RRAM) 多層電極。 第3圖爲本發明方法的一區塊圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 0 多層電極 12 基板 14 介面 1 6 金屬栓塞 18電阻式隨機存取記億體記憶胞 20 耐氧化材料層 22 耐火金屬層 24 巨磁阻抗材料層 26 耐火金屬層 -12- (8) 1289884 2 8 耐氧化材料層 3 0 本發明的方法 32 基板準備 34 形成一 N +或P +介面 3 6 沉積金屬栓塞 3 8 沉積第一耐氧化層 40 沉積第一耐火金屬層
42 沉積巨磁阻抗層 44 沉積第二耐火金屬層 46 沉積第二耐氧化層 48 完成電阻式隨機存取記憶體記憶胞 -13-

Claims (1)

  1. (1) 1289884 十、申請專利範圍 1. 一種形成於矽基板上的電阻式隨機存取記憶體 (RRAM)記憶胞,具一操作介面於砍基板中及一金屬栓塞 (plug)於矽基板上,包含: 一第一耐氧化(oxidation resistive)層,形成在金屬栓 塞上; 一第一耐火金屬(refractory metal)層,形成在第一耐 氧化層上; 一巨磁阻抗(Colossal Magnetoresistive,簡稱 CMR )層,形成在第一耐火金屬層上; 一第二耐火金屬(refractory metal)層,形成在巨磁阻 抗層上;及 一第二耐氧化(oxidation resistive)層,形成在第二耐 火金屬層上。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之電阻式隨機存取記 憶體(RRAM)記憶胞,其中該耐氧化(oxidation resistive) 層可從由氮化鈦(TiN)、氮化鉅(TaN)、TiAlNx、TaAlNx 、氮化矽鉬(TaSiN)、氮化矽鈦(TiSiN)和氮化鈦釕 (RuTiN)所組成的材料群選出的材料所形成。 3 .如申請專利範圍第2項所述之電阻式隨機存取記 憶體(RRAM)記憶胞,其中該耐氧化層具一約50奈米 (nm)至3 00奈米(nm)間的厚度。 4.如申請專利範圍第1項所述之電阻式隨機存取記 憶體(RRAM)記憶胞,其中該耐火金屬(refractory metal) -14- (2) (2)1289884 層可從由鉑(Pt)、銥(Ir)、氮化銥(ir〇2)、釕(Ru)、氮化釕 (Ru02)、金(An)、銀(Ag)、鍺(Rh)、鈀(Pd)、鎳(Ni)和鈷 (Co)所組成的材料群選出的材料所形成。 5 ·如申請專利範圍第4項所述之電阻式隨機存取記 憶體(RRAM)記憶胞,其中該耐火金屬(refract〇ry metal) 層具一約3奈米(nm)至50奈米(nm)間的厚度。 6.如申請專利範圍第1項所述之電阻式隨機存取記 憶體(RRAM)記憶胞,其中該巨磁阻抗(colossal Magnetoresistive,簡稱 CMR )層可從由巨磁阻抗( Colossal Magnetoresistive,簡稱 CMR)材料和高溫超導 體所組成的材料群選出的材料所形成。 7·如申請專利範圍第6項所述之電阻式隨機存取記 憶體(RRAM)記憶胞,其中該巨磁阻抗(Colossai Magnetoresistive,簡稱 CMR)層具一約 50 奈米(nm)至 300奈米(nm)間的厚度。 8 · —種製造一多層電極電阻式隨機存取記憶體 (RRAM)記憶胞的方法,包含: 準備一砂基板; 在該基板中形成一由N +介面和P +介面所組成的介面 群中選出的介面; 於該介面上沉積一金屬栓塞(Plug); 於該金屬栓塞上沉積一第一耐氧化(oxidation resistive)層; 於該第一耐氧化層上沉積一第一耐火金屬(refractory -15- 1289884
    m e t a 1)層; 於該第一耐火金屬層上沉積一巨磁阻抗(Colossal Magnetoresistive,簡稱 CMR)層; 於該巨磁阻抗上沉積一第二耐火金屬(refractory metal)層; 於該第二耐火金屬層上沉積一第二耐氧化(oxidation resistive)層;且 完成電阻式隨機存取記憶體(RRAM)記憶胞。 9 ·如申請專利範圍第8項所述之方法,其中該沉積 耐氧化(oxidation resistive)層包括沉積從由氮化鈦(TiN) 、氮化鉅(TaN)、TiAlNx、TaAlNx、氮化矽鉅(TaSiN)、 氮化矽鈦(TiSiN)和氮化鈦釕(RuTiN)所組成的材料群選出 的一*材料。 1 〇 .如申請專利範圍第9項所述之方法,其中該沉積 耐氧化(oxidation resistive)層包括沉積該耐氧化 (oxidation resistive)層至一約 50 奈米(nm)至 3 00 奈米 (nm)間的厚度。 1 1 ·如申請專利範圍第8項所述之方法,其中該沉積 耐火金屬(refractory metal)層包括沉積從由鉑(pt)、錶 (Ir)、氮化銥(Ir02)、釕(RU)、氮化釕(ru〇2)、金(Au)、 銀(Ag)、铑(Rh)、鈀(Pd)、鎳(Ni)和鈷(Co)所組成的材料 群選出的一材料。 1 2 ·如申請專利範圍第1 1項所述之方法,其中該沉 積耐火金屬(refractory metal)層包括沉積該耐火金鏖 -16- (4) 1289884 (refractory metal)層至一約 3 奈米(nm)至 50 奈米(nm)間 的厚度。 1 3 .如申請專利範圍第8項所述之方法,其中該沉積 巨磁阻 ί几(Colossal Magnetoresistive,簡稱 CMR)層包 括沉積從由PCM0、LPCM0和高溫超導體所組成的材料 群選出的一材料。
    14·如申請專利範圍第13項所述之方法,其中該沉 積巨磁阻抗(Colossal Magnetoresistive,簡稱 CMR)層 包括沉積該巨磁阻抗(Colossal Magnetoresistive,簡稱 CMR)層至〜約5〇奈米(nm)至3 00奈米(nm)間的厚度。
    -17- 1289884 五、中文發明摘要 第憶 該記 於體 層憶 化記 氧取 耐存 一機 第隨 二式 第阻 一電 積該 沉成 ;ί元 上及 層·, 抗上 阻層 磁屬 巨金 該火 於耐。 層二胞 六、英文發明摘要
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