TWI354386B - - Google Patents
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- TWI354386B TWI354386B TW094141001A TW94141001A TWI354386B TW I354386 B TWI354386 B TW I354386B TW 094141001 A TW094141001 A TW 094141001A TW 94141001 A TW94141001 A TW 94141001A TW I354386 B TWI354386 B TW I354386B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B20/00—Read-only memory [ROM] devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B63/00—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices
- H10B63/30—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices comprising selection components having three or more electrodes, e.g. transistors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B63/00—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices
- H10B63/80—Arrangements comprising multiple bistable or multi-stable switching components of the same type on a plane parallel to the substrate, e.g. cross-point arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B69/00—Erasable-and-programmable ROM [EPROM] devices not provided for in groups H10B41/00 - H10B63/00, e.g. ultraviolet erasable-and-programmable ROM [UVEPROM] devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/011—Manufacture or treatment of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/061—Patterning of the switching material
- H10N70/068—Patterning of the switching material by processes specially adapted for achieving sub-lithographic dimensions, e.g. using spacers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/20—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors
- H10N70/231—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors based on solid-state phase change, e.g. between amorphous and crystalline phases, Ovshinsky effect
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/821—Device geometry
- H10N70/826—Device geometry adapted for essentially vertical current flow, e.g. sandwich or pillar type devices
- H10N70/8265—Device geometry adapted for essentially vertical current flow, e.g. sandwich or pillar type devices on sidewalls of dielectric structures, e.g. mesa or cup type devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/881—Switching materials
- H10N70/882—Compounds of sulfur, selenium or tellurium, e.g. chalcogenides
- H10N70/8828—Tellurides, e.g. GeSbTe
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
- G11C2213/50—Resistive cell structure aspects
- G11C2213/52—Structure characterized by the electrode material, shape, etc.
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/033—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers
- H01L21/0334—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers characterised by their size, orientation, disposition, behaviour, shape, in horizontal or vertical plane
- H01L21/0337—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers characterised by their size, orientation, disposition, behaviour, shape, in horizontal or vertical plane characterised by the process involved to create the mask, e.g. lift-off masks, sidewalls, or to modify the mask, e.g. pre-treatment, post-treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/033—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers
- H01L21/0334—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers characterised by their size, orientation, disposition, behaviour, shape, in horizontal or vertical plane
- H01L21/0338—Process specially adapted to improve the resolution of the mask
Description
1354386 2010/5/19 修正 九、發明說明: 【相關的申請資料】 本發明主張申请於2004年11月22曰之美國臨時申請案 號60/63 0,123之優先權,其名稱為「側壁主動相變化之 及其製造方法(SIDE WALL ACTIVE PHASE CHAN(}E RAM AND MANUFACTURING METHOD)」。 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是有關於一種積體電路之小型接腳之形成方法, 且特別是有關於極小型接腳狀之構造之形成方法。 【先前技術】 目前對用以製造極小型接腳之積體電路製程已經出現需 求。舉例而言,包含硫屬材料或其他相變化材料之小型元件 可藉由施加電流而產生相變化。此種特性已經使吾人對於使 用相變化材料以形成非揮發性記憶電路產生興趣。 目刖之發展方向已朝向小數量之可規劃式電阻式材料之 使用,尤其是在小毛細孔中。闡明朝向小毛細孔之發展之專 利包含:Ovshinsky之發證於1997年u月u日之美國專利 第5,687,1 12號’其名稱為「具有推拔接點之多位元單一單元 記憶體元件(Multibit Single unit Memory Element Having Tapered Contact)」; Zahodk等人之發證於1998年8月4日之 美國專利號第5,789,277號’其名稱為「硫化物記憶裝置之製 造方法(Method of Making Chalc〇genide Mem〇ry Device)」; 5 1354386 ,,2010⑸19修正
Doan等人之發證於2〇〇〇年u月Η曰之美國專利號第 6,150,253號’其名稱為「可控制雙向開關半導體元件相變化 半導體s己憶裝置及其製造方法(c〇ntr〇iiable 〇vonic Phase-Change Semiconductor Memory Device and Methods of Fabricating the Same)」。 本案發明人之美國專利申請公開號US-2004-0026686-A1 揭路種相變化s己憶體單元,於其中相變化元件包含位於電 極/介電材料/電極之堆疊上之一側壁。資料係藉由使用電流而 導致在非晶系與結晶系狀態之間的相變化材料之轉變而得以 儲存。電流加熱此材料並導致在前述狀態之間之轉變。從非 晶系至結晶系狀態之變換一般而言是一種較低電流操作。從 結晶系至非晶系之變換(於此以重置表示)一般而言是一種較 咼電流操作。理想上是可將用以導致從結晶系狀態至非晶系 狀態之相變化材料之轉變的重置電流之大小予以最小化。藉 由降低單元中之相變化材料元件之尺寸與電極和相變化材料 之間的接觸面積,可降低重置所需要的重置電流之大小。 供小型接腳用之其他應用亦在積體電路製造中出現,且 理想上是可提供新的製造技術與構造來滿足此需求。 【發明内容】 本發明包含用以形成狹小側壁間隙壁或小型接腳之方 法。以下說明基於此一狹小側壁間隙壁或小型接腳來形成一 1,354386 2010/5/19 修正 以下步驟。形成一堆疊,此 電極上方之一絕緣層及位於 記憶體單元之方法,此方法包含 堆璺包含一第一電極、位於第— 絕緣層上方之筮-蕾技 乐一冤極,且—侧壁係位於至少此堆疊之絕緣 :I A側壁間隙壁’其包含與第-電極與第二電極電 广連之彳規劃式電阻式材料。側壁間隙壁具有沿著側壁 第t極延伸至第二電極之_長度、大致垂直於長度之一 ' 及由用以形成側壁間隙壁之一層可規劃式電阻式材料 之厚度所決疋之一厚度。側壁間隙壁係藉由以下動作而形 成:沈積一層可規劃式電阻式材料於堆疊之側壁上非等向 性姓刻該層可規劃式電阻式材料以將遠離側壁之在數個區域 中之材料予以移除’以及依據一圖案來選擇性蝕刻可規劃式 電阻式材料來界定側壁間隙壁之寬度。在說明於此之實施例 中’寬度係小於50奈米’更好是約4〇奈米或更少。 為了依據一圖案來選擇性地蝕刻可規劃式電阻式材料以 界定具有這樣狹小寬度之-㈣間隙壁’所使用的—項技術 包含形成具有一平版印刷圖案之一蝕刻光罩以界定一平版印 刷寬度,然後修整蝕刻光罩以提供一修整過的光罩來界定圖 案,用來界定侧壁間隙壁之寬度。於一例子中,蝕刻光罩包 含一光阻,其係藉由使用一氧基電漿蝕刻而被非等向性地蝕 刻以形成修整過的光罩。於另一例子中,蝕刻光罩包含使用 一平版印刷處理所界定之一硬性光罩,其係被蝕刻以縮小其 寬度並形成修整過的光罩。 7 說明於此之界定在 .t 2010⑸19修正 單元之小型接腳中之主動區域之尺寸 三種尺寸最好是小於 單元之平版印刷處理 5〇奈米,並可全邹小於被應用來製造此 之最小特徵部尺寸。這些尺寸係於說明 於此之技術中由相變化材料之薄膜厚度、電極間介電材料薄 膜厚度及修整過的光罩所界定。因此,單it尺寸(相變化材料 之體積小(小於F3,其中F是用以製造記憶體單元之處理 製 最】平版印刷特徵部尺寸)。所產生之相變化材料之單 兀匕3位於一電極堆疊之側壁上之一小型接腳。在上電極與 下電極之至少一者及小型接腳之間的接觸面積,亦由供這些 间度用之電極層厚度及供此寬度之接點用之光阻圖案修整處 理而以次平板印刷的方式被界定。小單元與小接觸區域允許 具有很小重置電流與低功率消耗之記憶體之實施。 本發明亦說明包含一堆疊之一種記憶裝置,這堆疊包含 第一電極、位於第一電極上方之一電極間絕緣構件及位於 電極間絕緣構件上方之一第二電極。這堆疊具有在至少絕緣 構件上方之側壁。包含位於側壁上之可規劃式電阻式材料之 一間隙壁,係與第一電極與第二電極電氣連通。間隙壁具有 著絕緣層之側壁而從第一電極延伸至第二電極之一長度, 而此絕緣層大致垂直於長度與厚度。於說明於此之技術之實 施例中’間隙壁之寬度與厚度係小於4〇奈米。可規劃式電阻 式材料包含一種可逆且可規劃之相變化材料。 說明於此之用以形成小型接腳之方法可被使用來在一積 1.354386 體電路或其他裝置上製造供其他奈米技術使用之小::修正 所使用的㈣可以是除相變化材料以外之材料,就像是金 屬、介電材料、有機物、半導俨 疋’’ 體等等。小型接腳可形成於此 構造上’而非說明於此之用來供相變化記憶體單元用之構造 上:例如包含其他型式之堆疊的薄膜之構造,例如薄膜介: 4#’而可具有或不具有_電極層以供接觸至小型接 腳。 為讓本發明之上述目的、特徵、和優點能更明顯易懂, 下文特舉一較佳實施例,並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下: 【實施方式】 /以下參考附圖進行下述詳細說明。所舉出之較佳實施例 係用以說明本發明,而非侷限本發明之由以下申請專利範圍 斤界又之範_。_習本項技藝者將明白到依照此說明所作的 種種的等效變化,皆落於本發明之範嘴内。 人圖1係為側*主動接腳記憶體單元1〇之立體圖。此單元 包含-狹小側壁間隙壁,其被稱為位於一電極堆疊之一側壁 上之一小型接腳5’此電極堆疊包含一第一電極6、一第二電 厂〃離第冑極6與第二電極7兩者之—電極間介電材 =層8。在所顯示的實施例中,—種介電材料9覆蓋於電極堆 疊上面。小型接腳5係由-可規劃式電阻式材料(例如一相變 化材料)所組成。小型接腳5具有一主動區域,此相變化在主 9 1354386 韌F A > &人 2010你19修正 動G域之内會被限制’小型接腳5在—第一電極6與一第二 之間具有的〗度L係由電極間介電材料層8之厚度 所決定。小型接腳5之主動區域具有厚度τ,其由形成於電 極堆疊之側壁上之薄膜之厚度所決定。電極堆疊係藉由使用 —光刻處理或其他型式之平版印刷處理而製成俾能使其寬 度約等於平版印刷處理所特有之最小特徵部尺寸。關於進階 之平版印刷處理,電極堆爲夕宫麻 电®笮壶之寬度W可能約90奈米。小型 接腳5之主動區域具有小於供用以界定電極堆疊之平版印刷 處理用之最小特徵部尺寸之寬度。在說明於此之實施例中, 小型接腳5之主動區域之寬度約4〇奈米或更少。 - 如所顯示地,小型接腳5之主動區域具有由電極間介/ 材料層8之薄膜厚度所界定之長度L,其本發明之實施例中 之範圍可以在約20盥50太半> ^ , 你』u /、⑽不未之間。同樣地,小型接腳$之 主動區域具有厚度T,其係由制以形成小型接腳之此材料 之薄膜厚度所界定,此厚度了在本發明之實施例中之範圍在 約⑺與5〇奈米之間。因此’小型接腳5之所有三個尺寸於 本發明之實施例中係小於50奈米,且最好是小於約4〇奈米 或更少。 在本發明之實施例t ’可規劃式電阻式材料包含一相變 化材料,例如Ge2Sb2Te5或下述其他材料。材料在小型接腳$ 内之體積因而是很小,於此體積中,相變化係於顯示於圖( 之構造中生成。關於小型接腳5之主動區域之長度L、該寬 1.354386 度w與厚度τ 於 64 χ 1〇 24 的 ..Λ . ? 2010/5/19 i^IE “卡之實施例,主動區域之體積係小 。因此’供相變換用所需要之重置電流是很小 記憶體單元之實施例包含供小型接腳5用之相變化基記 憶體材料,其包含硫屬基材料與其他材料。硫族元素 (Cha丨C〇gen)包含形成周期表之四族之一部份之氧硫續 (s)、碼(Se)與蹄(Te)之四種元素之任何一者。硫屬包含具有更 多正電性元件或原子團之一硫族元素之化合物。硫屬合金包 含硫屬與例如過渡金屬之其他材料之組合。硫屬合金通常包 含元素周期表之第六行之-個或多個元素,例如鍺(Ge)與錫 (Sn)。通常,硫屬合金包含含有一個或多個銻(sb)、鎵…幻、 氧化銦錫(In)與銀(Ag)之組合。多數的相變化基記憶體材料已 被說明於技術文獻中,包含以下合金:Ga/Sb、ln/sb、、
Sb/Te、Ge/Te、Ge/Sb/Te、In/Sb/Te、Ga/Se/Te、Sn/Sb/Te、
In/Sb/Ge ^ Ag/In/Sb/Te ^ Ge/Sn/Sb/Te ^ Ge/Sb/Se/Te 與 Te/Ge/Sb/S。在Ge/Sb/Te合金之家族中,寬廣範圍之合金組 成物可能可以工作。組成物可被特徵化為TeaGebSb⑽七,, 其中a與b表示將組成元素之1〇〇%之原子總計起來之原子百 分比。一研究者已經說明最有用的合金是於所沈積之材料中 具有Te之平均濃度是7〇%以下,一般約6〇%以下且其範圍 一般是從低達約23%至多達約58%的Te,更好約48%至58% 的Te。Ge之濃度係在約5%之上且範圍在此材料中是從約8〇/〇 1354386 ,2010以丨9修正 之低值至約30%之平均值,維持大致5〇〇/。以下。Ge之濃度的 範圍最好是從約8。/。至約40%。於此組成物中,主要組成元素 之其餘部分係為Sb(Ovshinsky之,1丨2專利,第1〇11欄)。由 另一研究者所評估之特定合金包含Ge2Sb2Te5、GeSb2Te4與 GeSb4Te7 (Nobom Yamada ’「高資料紀錄速率之 Ge_Sb_Te 相 變化光碟之電位(Potential ofGe_Sb_Te phase Change 〇pUcai
Disks for High-Data-Rate Recording)」,SPIE v‘3109, pp.28-37 (1997)。)更一般言之,例如鉻(Cr)、鐵(Fe)、鎳(Ni)、鈮(Nb)、 鈀(Pd)、白金(pt)及其混合物或合金之過渡金屬,係可能與 Ge/Sb/Te結合以形成具有可規劃式電阻特性之相變化合金。 可能有用的記憶體材料之特定例子係為〇vshinsky之,112專 利之第11 -13欄,此例子係藉此列入參考資料。 相變化材料係能在一第一構造狀態與一第二構造狀態之 間被轉換,於第一構造狀態中,此材料大致是呈非晶系固相, 而於第二構造狀態中’此材料於此單元之主動通道區中之局 部次序(local order)大致呈結晶系固相。這些相變化材料至少 是雙穩態的。專門用語「非晶系」係用以表示相當少有次序 的構造’其比具有可偵測的特徵(例如比結晶相來得高的電阻 係數)之單晶更沒有次序。專門用語「結晶系」係用以表示相 當更有序的構造,其比非晶系構造更有次序,而非晶系構造 具有例如比非晶相來得低之電阻係數之可偵測的特徵。一般 而言’相變化材料可能在橫越過在完全非晶系與完全結晶系 12 1.354386 2010/5/丨9修正 狀態之間之幅度中,於局部次序之不同的可偵測狀態之間作 電氣轉換。受在非晶系與結晶相之間之變換所影響之其他材 料特徵包含原子次序、自由電子密度與活化能。此材料可能 轉換成不同固相或具有兩個以上的固相之混合物,因而提供 在完全非晶系與完全結晶系狀態之間之灰階度。材料中之電 氣特性可能因此有所差異。 藉由施加電脈衝可能使相變化材料從一相狀態變換成另 一相狀態。吾人已觀察到較短且較高振幅脈衝易於將相變化 材料變換成大致非晶系狀態。較長且較低振幅脈衝易於將相 變化材料變換成大致結晶系狀態。較短且較高振幅脈衝之能 化合金 量係高到足夠允許結晶㈣造之鍵結被損壞,並短到足以避 免坆些原子對準成為一結晶系狀態。脈衝之適當的輪廓可根 據經驗來決定,而不需要過度實驗,其特別適合於特定相變 * ' 叫芡π打科你以GST表示, 且吾人將理解到亦可使用其他型式之相變化材料。括 材枓 種說明 有用於實施記憶體單元之材料係為Ge2Sb2Te5。 類似於相變化材料之可 在6人 了規劃式電阻式材料之有用特徵, 係包含具有可規劃之電阻 〜刊针’斌好是以可逆方 的電阻之材料,例如藉由 切規劃 ^ "被電流可逆地感應生成之i )兩固相。這至少兩個相包生成之至 在操作中,可規劃切 非曰曰相與-結晶相。然而,
了規劃式電阻式材料A …、法被元全轉換至非晶系或 13 1354386 t 2010/S,19 修正 結晶相。中間相或混合相在材料特徵方面可具有一可偵測的 差異。兩個固相一般而言是雙穩態的,且具有不同的電氣特 性。可規劃式電阻式材料可能是一種硫屬材料。一種硫屬材 料可包含GST。或者,其可能是說明於上面之其他相變化材 料之其中一者。 圖2係為記憶體陣列之示意圖,其可如說明於此地被實 施。於圖2之示意圖中,一共同電源線28、一字線與一字 線24係通常配置成平行於γ方向。位元線41與“係通常配 置成平行於X方向。因此’在方塊45中之一 γ解碼器與一 字線驅動器係連接至字線23'24。在方塊46中之一 χ解碼 器與-組感測放大器係連接至位元線41肖42。共同電源線 28係連接至存取電晶體5〇、51、52與53之源極端子。存取 電晶體50之閘極係、連接至字線23。存取電晶體51之間極係 連接至字線24。存取電晶體52之閘極係連接至字線23。存 取電晶體53之閘極係連接至字線24。存取電晶體5()之汲極 係連接至具有上電極構件34之側壁接腳記憶體單元Μ之下 電極構件32。上電極構件34係連接至位元線4ι。同樣地, 存取電晶體51线極係連接至具有上電極構件37之側壁接 腳。己隐體早το 36之下電極構件33。上電極構件37係、連接至 -亥位το線41。存取電晶體52與53亦連接至位元線a上之對 〜的側壁接腳s己憶體單元。由此可觀察到共同電源線Μ係由 兩歹j -己隐體早疋共用’其中一列在所顯示的概要中係配置於 γ方向。/ 20丨0/5/丨9修正 ^ B "他實知例中,存取電晶體可被二極體或於用以 /、··’貝料之陣列中用以控制電流流動至選定裝置之其 他構造所置換。 圖係為依據本發明之一實施例之積體電路之簡化方塊 ^積體電路75包含位於—個半導體基板上之-記憶體陣列 —e* 1*體陣列55係藉由使用側壁主動接卿相變化記憶體 Λ實轭列解碼器56係連接至複數條字線62,並沿著 s己憶體陣列55夕;5ι丨357 置。一行解碼器63係連接至沿著記憶 體陣列+ ί- 1 m 丁己置之複數條位元線64,用以讀取並規劃來自 陣列55中之側壁接腳記憶體單元的資料。位址係於匯流排μ 上被提供至行解碼器63與列解碼器56。在方塊59中之感測 放大器與資料輸人構造係經由㈣匯流排67而連接至行解碼 益63。資料係經由資料輸入線71而從積體電路乃上之輸入/ 輸出埠或從積體電路75之内部或外部之其他資料源提供至方 塊59中之資料輪入構造。在所顯示的實施例中’其他電路係 包s於=體電路中’例如一泛用處理器或特殊用途應用電 路,或提供被薄膜熔絲相變化記憶體單元陣列所支持之系統 整合晶片(System-on-a_chip)之功能的模組之一組合。資料係 ^由身料輪出線72而從方塊59中之感測放大器提供至積體 電路75上之輪入/輪出埠,或至積體電路75之内部或外部之 其他資料目標。 器 種於此例子使用偏壓配置狀態機69來實施之控制 15 1354386 ,2010/S/19 修正 係控制例如讀取、程式化、抹除、抹除確認與程式化確認電 壓之偏壓配置電源電壓68之施加。使用本項技術領域所熟知 之特殊目邏輯電路亦可實施控制器。在替代實施例中,控制 器包含一泛用處理器’其可能於同一積體電路上實施,此積 體電路執行一電腦程式以控制裝置之操作。在又其他之實施 例中’可能利用特殊用途邏輯電路與泛用處理器之一組合來 實施控制器。 圖4說明複數個侧壁主動接腳相變化隨機存取記憶體單 元100-103之剖面。單元100-103係形成於一個半導體基板 11〇上。例如淺渠溝隔離STI介電材料渠溝(trench)111與112 之隔離構造將記憶體單元存取電晶體之成對之列予以隔離。 存取電晶體係藉由基板110上之共源極區116及基板11〇上 之汲極區11 5與11 7而形成。多晶矽字線丨丨3與丨丨4形成存 取電晶體之閘極。介電材料填充層118係形成於多晶矽字線 113與114上方。接觸窗插塞構造141與12〇接觸個別的存取 電晶體汲極,而共同電源線119沿著陣列中之一列接觸源極 區。共同電源線119接觸共源極區116。插塞構造12〇接觸單 元101之一下電極12卜類似單元1〇〇、1〇2與1〇3之單元1〇1 包含一薄膜下電極121、一薄膜電極間介電材料層122、一薄 膜上電極123及含有GST或另一相變化材料之一小型接腳 124。一;|電材料填充層127係覆蓋於單元1〇〇1〇3上面。鎢 插塞126接觸上電極123。提供接點129、13〇、131、132之 16 丄乃4386 2010/5/Ί9 修正 圖案化之金屬層係覆蓋於介電材料填充層127上面。一般 而。,接點129-132係為延伸至解碼電路之一單一位元線之 部伤,如圖2所示。所顯示之一薄氧化層125覆蓋於上電 極123上。層125係供給處理裕度用,如下所述。 在代表實施例中,圖案化之金屬層(接點129 132)包含銅 金屬化物。亦可利用包含鋁與鋁合金之其他型式之金屬化 物。上電極與下電極(例如121,123)包含厚度為1〇至3〇nm 之錫或TaN。或者,這些電極可能是TiAm或TaA丨N,或可 包含選自於 Ti、W、Mo、A卜 Ta、Cu、Pt、Ir、La、Ni、Ru /、〇所組成之群組之一個或多個元素。電極間絕緣層可能是 氣化矽 '氮氧化矽、氮化矽、八丨2〇3、其他低κ介電材料或一 種ΟΝΟ或S ΟΝΟ多層構造。或者,電極間絕緣層可包含選自 於由Si、Ti、Α卜Ta、Ν、Ο與C所組成之群組之一個或多個 元素。電極間厚度可能是10至200 nm,更好50奈米或更少。 第一電極可能是錫或TaN。 圖5顯示在則端線處理以後之構造99,此前端線處理在 所顯示的實施例形成標準CMOS元件’並於顯示於圖2之陣 列中對應至字線、電源線及存取電晶體。在圖5中,電源線 119係覆蓋於半導體基板中之共源極區116上面,其中此共源 極區116對應到在圖中之左侧之一第一存取電晶體之源極端 子’以及圖中之右側之一第二存取電晶體。於本實施例中, 電源線119延伸至構造99之上表面。於其他實施例中,電源 1354386 ,2010⑼9修正 線並不是一直延伸至此表面。汲極區丨丨5對應到第一存取電 晶體之没極端子。包含多晶矽n 3與矽化物蓋體(未顯示)之— 字線係作為第一存取電晶體之閘極。介電材料層i i 8覆蓋於 多晶石夕字線113上面。插塞12〇接觸汲極區115,並提供—導 電路徑至構造99之表面,用以接觸至如下所述之記憶體單元 電極。第二存取電晶體之汲極端子係由汲極區117所提供。 包含多晶矽線114與矽化物蓋體(未顯示)之一字線係作為第 二存取電晶體之閘極。插塞141接觸汲極區117並提供一導 電路徑至構造99之上表面’用以接觸一記憶體單元電極如 下所述。隔離用渠溝1Π與112將連接至插塞12〇與i4i之 這兩個電晶體構造和鄰近的兩個電晶體構造予以分離。顯示 於圖5之構造99提供一基板,用以形成記憶體單元元件,詳 述如下。 在形成插塞120、141盗供播;止〇〇1„^_1;&„>, 畀供稱艳99用之電源線119之後, 形成-多層薄膜構造,其包含下電極薄膜15〇、上電極薄膜 152、電極間介電材料151及保護上介電材料153。下電極薄 膜150之厚度小於5〇奈米,最好的範圍是在^至^奈米之 間。上電極薄膜152之厚度小於5〇夺 笊木,戒好的範圍是在1() 至30奈米之間’並且可不同於下雷搞站时 ’下電㈣膜之厚度。舉例而古, 上電極薄膜i52之厚度可略大於下 。 电检之厚度,以便改善使 用鎢插塞技術等等之可靠接點之處理袼度。上介電㈣… 提供供平坦化用之化學機械抛光、側壁間隙壁钱刻之變化等 18 1.354386 2010/5Λ9 修正 等之使用的處理裕度。亦可實施不具有上介電材料153之替 代實施例。 圖6A顯示包含一第一矩形155與一第二矩形ι56之光罩 圖案的俯視圖’此光罩圖案係用以敍刻圖5之多層薄膜構造, 來形成電極堆疊60 ’ 65,如圖6B之剖面所示。電極堆疊⑼ 包含下電極121、電極間介電材料122與上電極ι23。電極堆 疊60具有側壁61。同樣地,電極堆疊65具有側壁%。反應 性離子蝕刻REI係被利用以便將側壁61與66建構成儘可能 垂直。雖然未顯示圖中,反應性離子姓刻RIE可能過切至介 電材料填充層118中。在代表處理中,此過切係約2〇奈米。 可使用BCI3及/或C12基之修整法之處理過程。 圖7顯示在沈積以後之構造,此沈積係藉由在此等堆疊 60 65上方濺鑛譬如GST之一保形層(conf〇rmai iayer) 17〇戋 其他可規劃式電阻式材料而實施。藉由使用不具有準直性之 濺鍍’可於約25(TC下沈積GST。當使用Gejbje5作為相變 化材料時,這導致一薄膜在電極堆疊之上端具有約6〇至 奈米之厚度,在側壁上具有約2〇至3〇奈米之厚度以及在 這些堆疊之間具有約60至80奈米之厚度。處理過程之各種 不同的實施例可將整個晶圓濺鍍成在平坦表面上具有4〇至 100奈米之厚度。 圖8A顯示藉由一蝕刻處理進行側壁蝕刻之結果之平面 視圖’該钱刻處理自平坦表面移除GST層,並留下於堆疊6〇 1354386 上之側壁 】71及堆叠65上之側壁 ,2010/4/丨9修正 1 72,侧壁1 7〗與1 72完全 園繞堆叠6〇與65。可使用非等向性卟及/或BCi3修整法之 處理襄程。® 8B顯示剖面中之側壁i 7!與】72。由於輕 微的過度蝕刻以確保全部移除離開構造99之表面⑺,側壁 具有略低於上介電材料層16〇之表面之頂端。 圖9顯不介電材料填人製程。此製程涉及到遍佈該相變 化材料側壁上之低溫度填料氧化物、一氮化石夕層或氧化石夕層 (未顯不)之形成,所使用之處理溫度低於約2〇〇<>c。一項適當 的處理係為使用電漿增強式化學氣相沈積pEcvD來塗敷二 氧化矽。在帛料形成以後,彳電材料填料18〇係藉由使用較 高溫度處理製程(例如二氧化矽或其他類似材料之高密度電 槳HDP CVD)來實施。 如圖10所示,應用至一氧化物化學機械拋光CMp處理 來將此構造予以平坦化,並暴露GST側壁171、172之頂端 181、182。在電極堆疊上之上介電材料層確保CMp不會碰觸 上電極材料(例如錫),並保護使其免受於RIE處理或其他蝕 刻步驟以後之損壞。 圖11顯示用以形成次平版印刷光罩以修整側壁171、172 之光阻圖案修整。一光阻圖案係藉由使用包括從一光罩或一 組光罩轉移一圖案至光阻層之平版印刷技術而形成,光阻層 包含位於堆疊60上方之一長方形延伸部185及位於該堆疊65 上方之一長方形延伸部186,如虛線輪廓所示。延伸部【Μ、 20 1354386 2010/5/19 修正 186之寬度Wi在光阻顯影之後係接近所利用之平版印刷處理 之最小特徵部尺寸’以形成圖案延伸部185、186。接著,延 伸部185、186之寬度W1藉由光阻修整而被縮小至次平版印 刷寬度W2,以留下狹小修整過的光罩! 87、丨88。舉例而言, 藉由使用一氧化物電漿來對光阻進行非等向性地蝕刻,以在 0.2微米(200奈米)之最小特徵部尺寸平版印刷處理環境下, 將圖案化光阻之寬度與厚度下修至例示實施例中之小於5〇奈 米之寬度W2’並將譬如約40奈米之寬度W2。 在替代實施例中,可將例如SiN* Si〇2之低溫度沈積層 之一硬性光罩層(未顯示)置放在光阻圖案與堆疊6〇、65之表 面之間,用以避免單元之蝕刻損壞,如果光阻在修整處理之 後並非足夠厚的話,或GST與硬性光罩之選擇㈣刻係由硬 性光罩加以改良。 圖12A顯示依據修整過的光罩187、188之側壁單元寬度 蝕刻之平面視圖,譬如使用氣基反應性離子蝕刻俾能使介電 材料填料180不被蝕刻。蝕刻動作移除露出之GST,而留下 小型接腳124於電極堆疊上,如圖12B之剖面所示。在堆 且6〇與堆疊65周圍之一接縫190係殘留於介電材料層1 80, 其最好是延伸至構造99之上表面173,且GST完全被移除。 在上述處理之實施例中,在接縫19〇中之所有gst不需被移 除反之,在接縫190中之GST之顯著部分能被移除就足夠 了,俾能使在下電極與上電極之間之電流集中於此堆疊之電 21 1354386 « 20UVV丨9修正 極間介電材料層之一小型接腳。 圖13以平面視圖顯示在前述處理之次一步驟,其涉及到 修整過之光阻光罩(187,188)與硬性光罩層(如果有的話)之移 除。在堆疊60上之小型接腳124與在堆疊65上之小型接腳 124A在處理過程之實施例中具有約4〇奈米或更少之一次平 版印刷寬度W。 圖14顯示小接縫填入與氧化物沈積步驟。可藉由使用原 子層沈積而以電氣及/或熱絕緣填料193、194來填滿藉由移 除側壁所留下之小接縫1 9〇(圖13B)。在代表實施例中,原子 層沈積係用以沈積介電材料材料,例如A丨〇2,Hf〇2等等。在 其他實施例中,藉由使用無機旋塗式玻璃或"低κ"材料來旋 轉塗佈氧化矽,可將這些接縫填滿。在另一實施例中,這些 接縫係被密封以形成實質上被排空之一孔洞,用以為這些單 疋提供良好隔熱效果。其次,一上氧化物沈積以介電材料之 一層195覆蓋電極堆疊,此層195在製備後來的金屬化物時 被平坦化。上氧化層最好是藉由PECVD或其他較低溫處理製 程而形成。 圖15顯不通道孔形成與供位元線與至記憶體單元之接點 用之金屬化。通道孔係於層丨95被蝕刻並以鎢或其他導體材 料填滿以形成插塞196與197,來達成接觸至堆疊6〇之上電 極層m及堆# 65之上電極層123A。一圖案化之金屬層198 提供在此圖之平面上延伸至解碼電路之數條位元線。如上所 22 1354386 *,· I ^\J 1 V»/ Jf Ϊ 7 |ί-<5· 11- 述’插塞120與14 1將在堆疊60與65之各下電極之間之接 點提供至存取電晶體之汲極區11 5與117。字線113、114係 藉由存取電晶體之多晶矽閘極而形成。共源極區116與電源 線119為感測電流提供之流動,係從位元線經由記憶體單元 而到存取電晶體並下至共同電源線。 圖16顯示依據一替代實施例之在GST層側壁蝕刻沈積以 後之例如堆疊60之電極堆疊之剖面,其中GST層只有在電 極堆登之周邊周圍被局部蝕刻,從而於接縫(190,參見圖12Β) 之底部留下一殘留層203圍繞此堆疊。於圖16之本實施例 中,小型接腳201具有一次平版印刷寬度,於此其接觸上電 極層202 ’並延伸至電極間介電材料層中,俾能使電流流動集 中於小型接腳之狹小區域2 1 〇。 上述小型接腳與用α製造此小型接腳之製孝呈,係代表使 用如說明於此之奈米規模構造之技術。圖1725顯示在用以 製造一小型接腳之另-代表製程之階段之财。圖Η顯示包 含一矽晶圓300之基板,矽晶 ^ 丹啕第一層301之材 料與形成於第—層301上之-第二層-之材料。於此實施 例中,第-層3(Π之材料包含,,材料Β„而第二層 ^ II Γ» Α Μ 4+ α, 2 之材料包 性地钱刻。代表性之材科包含積體電路、平 程中之氮化矽與二氧化矽一…興相關 /第層301之材科 範圍從約50至約500太半. 气表厚度 ⑽不水,與於顯示之例 T更特別是 L 兩種材料係被選擇成能使它們可被選擇 性地钱刻。徒差枓夕. 被選擇 面顯示與相關製 的 200 23 1354386 太丰忐本 · 2010/5/19修正 ,、 之氮化矽。於某些實際例子中之第二層302之材料 之代表厚度之範圍亦是從約5〇至約5〇〇奈米且在所顯示之 例子中更特別是約220奈米之二氧化矽。 圖丨8顯示代表製程之第二階段。於此階段中,第二層3〇2 之材料係依據一圖案而被蝕刻下至第一層3〇ι之材料之表面 3〇7而留下在第二層3〇2之材料中具有一側壁3〇5之構造Μ] 以及在第二層302之材料中具有一側壁遍之一構造3〇4。 圖19顯示代表製程之第三階段。於此階段中,一層扇 之側壁材料係形成於構造3〇3、3〇4與第一層3〇1之材料之表 上方並保有第二層3〇2之材料中之側壁3〇5、之 形狀。側壁材料包含—相變化材料,如上述之―實施例。在 其他實施射,側壁材料包含-金屬,例如H銅、鈦,' 氮化鈦、鈕、氮化鈕、金、白金及其他金屬,金屬化合物與 金屬合金。在其他實施例中,側壁材料包含—種半導體,例 如石夕錯,乳化鎵’及其他化合物。在又其他實施例中,側 壁材料包含—非金屬,例如氧化m化鈦,氧Μ,❹ 他高κ與熱之電氣絕緣材料。可錢作為㈣材料之材料包 含導體'半導體與絕緣體。可使用作為側壁材料之材料可已 疋結晶石夕、多晶碎與非晶f材料。可使用作為側壁之材料可 能是主動材料,例如用來製作記憶體^件、電晶體閘極雷 射—極體、量子井裝置等等。層期之側壁材料之厚度取決 於特定應用。於代表構造中,側壁305、306上之側壁材料的 24 1354386 2010/5/19 修正 ’可應用更大 範圍從約10奈米至約5〇奈来。在其他構造中 或更小厚度之侧壁材料。 圖20顯示代表製程之第四階段。於此階段中,一填充層 3〇9係形成此層308之側壁材料上。用來作填充層309之材料 於此例子可包含"材料A”或二氧切。在替代系、統中,用來 作填充層309之材料係不同於"材料A",其包含譬如與"㈣ B相同的材料。用來作填充層3()9之材料最好是適合使用於 下述之後來的製程之一回蝕與平坦化製程。 圖21與22顯示代表製程之第五階段。在第五階段中, 圖20之構造係被回钱與平坦化,所使用的程序例如化學機械 拋光。所產生之構造具有—平坦表面,其包含構造3〇3之一 表面310、側壁材料之表面312、填充材料之表面314、側壁 材料之表面313及構造3〇4之表面31卜如圖22所示,在由 層309充填之渠溝之末端之側壁,在化學機械抛光或其他回 姓與平坦化步驟以後係具有與填充材料之表面314及側壁材 料之表面312、313齊平之表面315、316。 圖23顯示代表程序之次一階段,其中對一層之光阻進行 沈積、圖案化與顯影,以於至少一侧壁間隙壁(例如具有露出 表面3〗3之側壁間隙壁)形成一平版印刷光罩32〜在構造3〇4 方之光罩320自填充層309之表面3 1 4上方延伸橫越過側 壁間隙壁之表面3!3。平版印刷光罩32〇之寬度係藉由使用一 平版印刷處理(例如是-光刻處理)來界定q最好是具有利用 25 1354386 平版印刷處理所特有的最小特 伋邵尺寸。舉例而言,現代化 的平版印刷處理可具有之最小牲 畀戒j特徵部尺寸範圍是從約90到約 2〇〇奈米。可能應用進階的平版^ ^ ^ ^ 部尺寸 啊乂理以達成小的最小特徵 圖24顯示代表程序之第七階段。在第七階段中,使用-非等向性㈣程序(例如被應用至光阻材料之氧基電漿㈣: 來修整平版印刷光罩320。因為平版印刷光罩32〇之蝕刻之結 果’形成-個次平版印刷之修整過的光罩⑵,其具有小於平 版印刷處理所特有之最小特徵部尺寸之寬度。代表實施例之 修整過的光罩321之寬度係約4〇奈米或更少,此處之最小特 徵部尺寸係約奈米或更少。如圖24所示,平版印刷光罩 320之寬度與厚度兩者係被修整過,俾能使修整過的光罩 比平版印刷光罩來得更狹小且更薄。在替代系統中,可利用 —硬性光罩材料與-光阻’或可利用—硬性光罩材料來取代 光阻。舉例而言,可使用平版印刷處理來形成與圖案化一層 氮化矽,用以提供包含氮化矽之一平版印刷光罩32〇。然後, 蝕刻氮化矽平版印刷光罩320以形成修整過的光罩32卜在形 成修整過的光罩321之後,所產生之構造係選擇性地被蝕刻 以移除不被修整過的光罩321所覆蓋之區域之側壁材料。因 為選擇性蝕刻之結果,留下接縫322圍繞具有一表面314之 填充層309。於一較佳實施例中,選擇性蝕刻移除了所有的填 充材料下至第一層301之材料之表面(未顯示),並導致側壁材 26 1.354386 20丨0/5/19修正 料之一補片(patCh)323,其位於填充層3〇9下方並與在構造 3〇4與填充層309之間殘留於側壁上之側壁材料之小型接腳 325呈連續。 圖25顯不前述程序之第八階段。於第八階段中修整過 的光罩32i係被移除以留下小型接腳325與在填充層3〇9與 構造304之間之接縫。小型接腳之長度係由在第二層斯之 材料之㈣後的薄膜厚度所決定。小型接腳之厚度係、由構造 304之側壁上之側壁材料之薄膜厚度所決定。小型接腳之寬度 係由次平版印刷、修整過的光罩321及用來依據由修整過的 光罩321所界定之圖案進行選擇性㈣之㈣處理所決定。 圖26顯示依據於此說明所製作之一小型接腳奶。小型 接腳325係由含有側壁材料之—補片⑵之構造別上之一 狹小側壁間隙壁及一層填充材料3〇9所組成。小型接腳325 之頂端326係與填充層3〇9砉 & <表面314齊平。在所顯示的構 ^ 所顯不之小型接脚? 2 , . 接腳325係位於包含填充層309之構造 33卜側。在替心統中’可將填充層移除,而留下小型 接腳325於第二層3〇2之材料之構造_之該側面。 综上所述,雖然本發明已 ^ ^ Θ已以一較佳貫施例揭露如上,然 其並非用以限定本發明,任 7I此技藝者,在不脫離本發 月之精神和範圍内,當 作各種之更動與濶飾,因此本發明 ^保S蒦範圍當視後附之太 甲吻專利範圍所界定者為準。 27 1354386 _ 20丨0/S.M9修正 【圓式簡單說明】 圖。 圖1係為側壁主動接腳記憶體單元之立體圖 圖2係為包含相變化記憶體元件之一 記憶體陣列之示意 Μ包含㈣㈣相變化記憶體陣列與其他電路之 積體電路裝置之方塊圖。 圖4係為依據本發明之一實施例之最終陣列構造之剖面。 、圖5係為在前端線處理與電極堆疊薄膜層之形成以後之 前述構造之剖面。 圖6Α與圖6Β顯示分別地在電極堆疊敍刻圖5之構造之 後的俯視圖與剖面圖。 圖7顯示沈積於圖6Β之構造上之相變化材料薄膜。 圖8Α與圖8Β分別顯示在GST薄膜間隙壁蝕刻以後之俯 視圖與剖面圖。 圖9顯示在介電材料填充層形成以後之剖面圓。 圖丨〇顯示在用以平坦化與曝光相變化材料侧壁之化學機 械拋光以後之剖面圖。 圖11顯示在光阻圖案之形成及供小型接腳寬度之界定用 之修整以後之俯視圖。 圖UA與圖12B分別顯示在相變化材料側壁之選擇性蝕 刻以界定一小型接腳寬度尺寸以後之俯視圖與剖面圖。 圖丨3顯示在移除光阻所產生之小型接腳以後之俯視圓。 28 1.354386 V t i 一 ^ 2〇j〇/5/19^ 圖14顯示在藉由移除相變化材料側壁所留下之小接縫中 之填充以及後來的氧化物沈積以後之剖面圖。 圖15顯示在通道孔形成與用以界定位元線之金屬化以後 的俯視圖與剖面圖。 圖16顯示一實施例,其中薄膜相變化材料側壁係部分被 钱刻。 圖I7顯示用以於一積體電路上製造一小型接腳之代表製 程之一第一階段。 圖18顯示用以於一積體電路上製造一小型接腳之代表製 程之一第二階段。 圖19顯示用以於一積體電路上製造一小型接腳之代表製 程之一第三階段。 圖20顯示用以於一積體電路上製造一小型接腳之代表製 程之一第四階段。 圖1與22分別地顯示用以於一積體電路上製造—小 接腳之-- XL·主4丨 气表製程之一第五階段之剖面與立體圖。 圖23齡- - 顯示顯示用以於一積體電路上製造一小型接腳 表製程之一第六階段。 Θ ·.·'員不用以於一積體電路上製造一小型接腳之代表製 程之一第七階段。 顯示用以於一積體電路上製造一小型接腳之代表製 程之一第八階段。 29 1354386 20i0/.5/19 修正 圖26顯示依據於此說明所製作之一小型接腳。 【主要元件符號說明】 L :長度 T :厚度 W :平版印刷寬度 5 :接腳 6 :第一電極 7 :第二電極 8 :電極間介電材料層 9 :介電材料 1 0 :側壁主動接腳記憶體單元 23、24 :字線 28 :共同電源線 3 2 :下電極構件 33 :下電極構件 34 :上電極構件 35 :側壁接腳記憶體單元 36 :側壁接腳記憶體單元 3 7 :上電極構件 41、42 :位元線 45、46 :方塊 30 1.354386 2010以19修正 50-53 :存取電晶體 55 :記憶體陣列 5 6 :列解碼器 5 8 .匯流排 59 :方塊 60 .電極堆豐 61 :側壁 62 :字線 63 :行解碼器 64 :位元線 65 :電極堆疊 66 :側壁 67 :資料匯流排 6 8 :偏壓配置電源電壓 69 :狀態機 71 :資料輸入線 72 :資料输出線 74 :其他電路 74 :積體電路 99 :構造 1 00- 1 03 :側壁主動接腳相變化隨機存取記憶體單元 110 :半導體基板 31 1354386 20J0/5/19 修正 111、112 :渠溝 11 3、114 :多晶矽字線 11 5 :汲極區 11 6 :共源極區 11 7 :汲極區 118 :介電材料層 119 :電源線 120 :插塞 121 :下電極 1 22 :薄膜電極間介電材料層 123 :上電極 124 :側壁接腳 125 :薄氧化層 126 :鎢插塞 127 :介電材料填充層 129、130、131、132 :接點 141 :插塞 150 :下電極薄膜 1 5 1 :電極間介電材料 152 :上電極薄膜 153 :上介電材料 155 :第一矩形 32 L354386 2010/5/19 修正 156 :第二矩形 160 :上介電材料層 170 :保形層(conformal layer) 171、172 :側壁 173 :上表面 180 :介電材料層 181、182 :頂端 185、186 :延伸部 187、188:修整過的光罩 190 :接缝 193、194 :填料 195 :層 196、197 :插塞 198 :金屬層 201 :接腳 202 :上電極層 203 :殘留層 2 1 0 :狹小區域 3 00 :矽晶圓 301 :第一層 302 :第二層 303-304 :構造 33 1354386 r 20J0/W19 修正 3 05、306 :側壁 307 :表面 308 :層 309 :填充層 310-316 :表面 320 :光罩 321 :修整過的光罩 3 22 :接縫 323 :補片 325 :接腳 326 :頂端 330 :構造 34
Claims (1)
1*354386 2〇10/5/丨9修正 、申請專利範圍: 以下步驟 構造; 1. 一種積體電路之小型接腳之形成方法勹人 ;土板之表面上形成具有一側壁之 之步:含成—側壁間隙壁,其中形成該側壁間隙壁 以界定該側壁 nm 沈積一層之該側壁材料於該側壁上,以及 依據一圖案來選擇性地蝕刻該側壁材料, 間隙壁之寬度,該寬度小於40 其中選擇性地蝕 以界定一平版印 2.如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法, 刻之該步驟包含: 形成具有一平版印刷圖案之一蝕刻光罩 刷寬度;以及 定該圖案以 t整該姓刻光罩以提供一修整過的光罩來界 界定該寬度。 3. 如申請專利範圍第i項所述之方法,其中選擇性㈣ 刻之該步驟包含: 形成具有一平版印刷圖案之一蝕刻光罩以界定一平版印 刷寬度;以及 非等向性地蝕刻該蝕刻光罩以提供—修整過的 工早果界 定該圖案以界定該寬度。 4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,更包含以下步驟. 在該沈積步驟之後,非等向性地蝕刻該層之側壁材料, 35 1354386 2αΐ()/Κΐ9 修正 以從除該構造之該側壁以外之福盔 複數個區域移除該側壁材料。 5.如申請專利範圍第1項所沭 1 π通之方法,更包含以下步驟: 在該沈積步驟之後,塗敷搶亡U丨丨6丄 双層填充材料遍佈該構造與該 層之側壁材料上;及 回姓在該構4之頂端上之該層填充材料與該層之側壁材 料’以留下一貫質上平坦的表面並於該實質上平坦的表面露 出該側壁上之該側壁材料。 6.如申請專利範圍第i項所述之方法,其中該回钱步驟 包含化學機械抛光。 7‘如中請專利範@第i項所述之方法,其中該構造具有 小於1微米之厚度,且側壁間隙壁沿著該側壁具有小於】微 米之長度。 8. 如申請專㈣圍第丨項所述之方法,其巾該構造具有 小於〇.5微米之厚度,且該側壁間隙壁沿著該側壁具有小於 0.5微米之長度。 9. 如申請專利範圍第i項所述之方法,其中該構造包含 複數個層,該等層包含至少—絕緣層與至少-導電層,且該 側壁材料包含與該至少一導電層電氣連通之一導電材料。 10’如申請專利範圍帛!項所述之方法其中該構造包 含複數個層’該等層包含至少—絕緣層與至少—導電層,且 該側壁材料包含與該至少-導電層電氣連通之-種半導體材 料。 36 1354386 2010/5/19 修正 包含以下步 ii. 一種積體電路之小型接腳之形成方法 驟: 之一平版印刷處 —構造; 使用具有一最小平版印刷特徵部尺寸 理,於一基板之一表面上形成具有一側壁之 其中形成該側壁間隙壁 於該側壁上形成一側壁間隙壁 之該步驟包含: 沈積一層之該側壁材料於該側壁上;及 依據一圖案選擇性地蝕刻該侧壁材料來界定該側壁間隙 壁之該寬度,該寬度小於該最小平版印刷特徵部尺寸。 12·如中請專利範圍第U項所述之方法,其中選擇性地 蝕刻之該步驟包含: 形成具有一平版印席帛之一银刻{罩以卩定一平版印 刷寬度;及 修整該餘刻光罩以提供一修整過的光罩來界《該圖案以 界定該寬度。 13. 如申請專利範圍第"項所述之方法,其中選擇性地 蝕刻之該步驟包含: 形成具有一平版印刷圖案之一蝕刻光罩以界定—平版印 刷寬度;以及 非等向性地蝕刻該蝕刻光罩以提供一修整過的光罩來界 定該圖案以界定該寬度。 14. 如申請專利範圍第u項所述之方法,更包含以下步 37 丄乃4386
驟: 在該沈積步驟之後’非等向性地触刻該層之側壁材料, 以從除該構造之該侧壁以外之複數個區域移除該侧壁材料。 15.如申請專利範圍第u項所述之方法,更包含以下步 在該沈積步驟之後,塗敷一 a搐古 默層填充材料遍佈該構造與該 層之側壁材料上;及 回钱在該構造之頂端上之該層填充材料與該層之側壁材 :,以留下一實質上平坦的表面並於該實質上平坦的表面露 出該側壁上之該側壁材料。 16.如申請專利範圍第15 返之方法,其中該回蝕步 驟包含化學機械拋光。 .如申請專利範園第11項所述 且側壁間隙壁沿著該側壁具有小於】 17 有小於1微米之厚度, 微米之長度。 之方法’其中該構造具 18.如申请專利範圍第u 所呔方法,其中該構造具 有小於0.5微米之厚度, 於。.5微米之長度。⑼壁間隙壁沿著該側壁具有小 19·如中請專利範圍第11項所述之方法, 含複數個層,料層包 ’…構 ^絕緣層與至少一導電層,且 該側壁材料包含與該至少—導電層 2〇 ^ φ . 電乳連通之一導電材料。 .申印專利範圍第11項所述 方去,其中該構造包 38 1,354386 ,1 r 2010/5/19 修正 含複數個層,該等層包含至少一絕緣層與至少一導電層,且 該側壁材料包含與該至少一導電層電氣連通之一種半導體材 料。 39
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-
2005
- 2005-11-21 US US11/285,473 patent/US7608503B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-21 US US11/285,525 patent/US20060108667A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-11-22 TW TW094141002A patent/TWI355045B/zh active
- 2005-11-22 CN CNA2005101248255A patent/CN1917248A/zh active Pending
- 2005-11-22 CN CN2005101248240A patent/CN1819297B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-22 CN CN2010105838799A patent/CN102088059A/zh active Pending
- 2005-11-22 TW TW094141001A patent/TW200623474A/zh unknown
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US20060108667A1 (en) | 2006-05-25 |
CN102088059A (zh) | 2011-06-08 |
TW200623474A (en) | 2006-07-01 |
CN1819297A (zh) | 2006-08-16 |
TWI355045B (en) | 2011-12-21 |
CN1819297B (zh) | 2013-08-21 |
US7608503B2 (en) | 2009-10-27 |
TW200633145A (en) | 2006-09-16 |
CN1917248A (zh) | 2007-02-21 |
US20060110878A1 (en) | 2006-05-25 |
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