TW201723024A - 樹脂、感光性樹脂組成物及使用該等之電子零件、顯示裝置 - Google Patents
樹脂、感光性樹脂組成物及使用該等之電子零件、顯示裝置 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 214
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 214
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 title claims description 79
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 97
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- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 40
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[6-(trimethylazaniumyl)hexyl]azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 33
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
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- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 15
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- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
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- QWUSZGIKGARVEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-amino-3-bromophenyl)-2-bromoaniline Chemical group C1=C(Br)C(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C(Br)=C1 QWUSZGIKGARVEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCN DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalimide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005544 phthalimido group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940086066 potassium hydrogencarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- RZWZRACFZGVKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanoyl chloride Chemical compound CCC(Cl)=O RZWZRACFZGVKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004134 propofol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004309 pyranyl group Chemical group O1C(C=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRDBISOHUUQXHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)N=C1C(O)=O JRDBISOHUUQXHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000985 reactive dye Substances 0.000 description 1
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- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- XGVXKJKTISMIOW-ZDUSSCGKSA-N simurosertib Chemical compound N1N=CC(C=2SC=3C(=O)NC(=NC=3C=2)[C@H]2N3CCC(CC3)C2)=C1C XGVXKJKTISMIOW-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XHFLOLLMZOTPSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hydrogen carbonate;hydrate Chemical class [OH-].[Na+].OC(O)=O XHFLOLLMZOTPSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OAXARSVKYJPDPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-prop-2-ynylpiperazine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCN(CC#C)CC1 OAXARSVKYJPDPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XDLNRRRJZOJTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiohypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClS XDLNRRRJZOJTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLQWRXYOTXRDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophen-2-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CS1 GLQWRXYOTXRDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical group SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBOMNTLFRHMDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiosalicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S NBOMNTLFRHMDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMYRWZFENFIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonamide Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 LMYRWZFENFIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005409 triarylsulfonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003627 tricarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006000 trichloroethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MYMLGBAVNHFRJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethanamine Chemical compound NC(F)(F)F MYMLGBAVNHFRJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLAUFOGMVZDAFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethanesulfinamide Chemical compound NS(=O)C(F)(F)F DLAUFOGMVZDAFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAKQVSNHTBLJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethanesulfonimidic acid Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F KAKQVSNHTBLJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001834 xanthenyl group Chemical group C1=CC=CC=2OC3=CC=CC=C3C(C12)* 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/022—Quinonediazides
- G03F7/023—Macromolecular quinonediazides; Macromolecular additives, e.g. binders
- G03F7/0233—Macromolecular quinonediazides; Macromolecular additives, e.g. binders characterised by the polymeric binders or the macromolecular additives other than the macromolecular quinonediazides
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/68—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton from amines, by reactions not involving amino groups, e.g. reduction of unsaturated amines, aromatisation, or substitution of the carbon skeleton
- C07C209/74—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton from amines, by reactions not involving amino groups, e.g. reduction of unsaturated amines, aromatisation, or substitution of the carbon skeleton by halogenation, hydrohalogenation, dehalogenation, or dehydrohalogenation
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- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
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- C07C233/43—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a hydrogen atom or to a carbon atom of a saturated carbon skeleton
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- C07C269/00—Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
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- C07C39/373—Halogenated derivatives with all hydroxy groups on non-condensed rings and with unsaturation outside the aromatic rings
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- C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
- C07C41/18—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds
- C07C41/22—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds by introduction of halogens; by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
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- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/307—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by introduction of halogen; by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
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- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
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- C07D209/48—Iso-indoles; Hydrogenated iso-indoles with oxygen atoms in positions 1 and 3, e.g. phthalimide
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Abstract
本發明提供一種熱線膨脹係數小且吸光度低的樹脂。一種樹脂,其特徵為包含選自下述通式(1)、(2)所示的結構之至少1個結構。□□
Description
本發明係關於一種含有特定結構的樹脂。更詳細而言,係關於適合電子零件或電路基板的表面保護膜或層間絕緣膜、電路基板用阻焊劑、有機電場發光元件的絕緣層、使用有機電場發光元件的顯示裝置之驅動用薄膜電晶體基板的平坦化膜、薄膜電晶體的層間絕緣膜、固體攝影元件的晶載顯微透鏡或各種顯示器.固體攝影元件用平坦化膜等之用途的樹脂、及使用其之感光性樹脂組成物。
再者,本發明係關於一種可使用於該等樹脂、樹脂組成物、醫藥中間物之5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物及其製造方法、及使用於其之二溴聯苯衍生物之合成方法。
在電子零件或電路基板的表面保護膜或層間絕緣膜、有機電場發光元件的絕緣層、及使用有機電場發光元件的顯示裝置之驅動用薄膜電晶體基板的平坦化膜中係應用包含絕緣特性佳之有機高分子的樹脂。尤其可廣泛使用耐熱性、耐藥品性、機械特性等均佳之聚醯亞胺系樹脂、聚苯并唑系樹脂。
近年來伴隨裝置之小型化、薄化而有起因於裝置基板之翹曲的步驟良率之惡化或對裝置的可靠性之不良影響的疑慮。因此,樹脂也需要減小基板之翹曲的特性之賦予。
作為減小裝置基板之翹曲的手法,可舉出減小在基板上製膜的樹脂與基板其本身的熱線膨脹係數之差,減小根據熱膨脹差產生的應力。一般的樹脂之熱線膨脹係數較基板之熱線膨脹係數大10ppm以上,因此為了減低上述應力,減小樹脂之熱線膨脹係數係為有效。為了達成本課題,有報導在主鏈包含剛直的結構之熱線膨脹係數小的聚醯亞胺樹脂(例如,參照專利文獻1~6)、聚醯亞胺-聚苯并唑樹脂(例如,參照專利文獻7)等。
再者,使用上述樹脂形成的樹脂膜,有需要在電極部分之開口等形成貫穿孔等之圖案。至今為止藉由在未具有感光性的樹脂膜上製膜正型的光阻等並進行蝕刻而形成圖案。但是,該方法中,伴隨裝置之高密度化、高速大容量化而難以細微化圖案,因此進行探討兼具感光性的樹脂。
例如,關於正型感光性樹脂組成物,有報導包含酚性羥基的聚醯胺酸酯與包含o-醌二疊氮化合物的組成物(例如,參照專利文獻8)或包含可溶於溶劑之閉環的聚醯亞胺與萘醌二疊氮化合物之組成物(例如,參照專利文獻9),或者,包含聚苯并唑前驅物與萘醌二疊氮化合物的組成物(例如,參照專利文獻10)。關於負型感光性樹脂組成物,有報導在側鏈上鍵結有丙烯酸系化合
物的聚醯亞胺前驅物(例如,參照專利文獻11)、在聚醯亞胺混合丙烯酸系化合物者(例如,參照專利文獻12)。
又,用以合成該等聚醯亞胺的單體,對於聚醯亞胺聚合物之性能具有非常重要的作用。聚醯亞胺的單體,主要具有二胺單體與二酸酐單體之2種類。藉由改變該2種類的單體結構,可顯著提升聚醯亞胺之各方面的性能,例如熱膨脹係數、光穿透性、彈性係數等。研究的結果揭露:在單體導入羥基,可顯著改變聚醯亞胺之熱膨脹係數、光穿透性或彈性係數(例如,參照非專利文獻1)。在工業生產過程中,為了減低聚合物單體之成本而得到低成本之含羥基的二胺單體非常重要。另一方面,4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物單體,已於聚醯亞胺之合成泛用化,且其成本非常低(例如,參照專利文獻13、14)。
再者,使用於其的二溴聯苯衍生物為常用的化工原料、醫藥中間物、電子用材料。同時二溴聯苯化合物中的溴基可進一步轉化為羥基、胺基、氰基、烷氧基、雙鍵、參鍵或有機金屬化合物等,因此在精細化工、聚合物中間物等之領域中具有非常廣泛的應用。二溴聯苯衍生物之常用的合成方法,如下述。亦即,將聯苯類化合物作為原料,可在溴化試劑之作用下得到二溴聯苯衍生物。但是,聯苯衍生物的苯環中之多個位置有經溴取代的可能性,且選擇性不佳,因此反應的產率低。為了解決前述,有揭露僅使用液態溴及質子性溶媒乙醇的溴化反應(例如,參照專利文獻15)。又,也揭露藉由將
液態溴作為溴化試劑,並將乙酸作為溶媒,且添加乙酸鈉而促進反應(例如,參照非專利文獻2)。
專利文獻1 日本特開平2-283762號公報
專利文獻2 日本特開平8-48773號公報
專利文獻3 日本特開平8-253584號公報
專利文獻4 日本特開平11-158279號公報
專利文獻5 日本特開2002-363283號公報
專利文獻6 日本特開2003-212996號公報
專利文獻7 日本特開2007-177117號公報
專利文獻8 日本特開平4-204945號公報
專利文獻9 日本特開平3-209478號公報
專利文獻10 國際公開第10/092824號
專利文獻11 日本特開2011-191749號公報
專利文獻12 國際公開第04/109403號
專利文獻13 日本特開2007-106859號公報
專利文獻14 美國專利第5378420號說明書
專利文獻15 中國專利申請公開第200780002686.6號說明書
非專利文獻1 Progress in Polymer Science (2012), 37(7), 907-974
非專利文獻2 Synthesis, 2000, 383-388
然而,上述熱線膨脹係數小的樹脂,根據在主鏈導入之剛直的骨架,因為吸光度,特別是目前廣泛用於將感光性樹脂進行圖案加工的i射線(波長365nm的光)之吸光度高,且樹脂本身的吸收導致之能量損失,所以有難以賦予良好的感光特性之問題。
又,作為用以合成聚醯亞胺的單體,製造在4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物單體導入羥基的低成本之含羥基的二胺單體係為課題。
再者,關於前述所使用的二溴聯苯衍生物,專利文獻15揭露的方法中,有產率非常低,且不適於量產化的問題。又,非專利文獻2揭露的方法中,根據酸性溶媒與鹽的使用,有相對於設備的腐蝕相較大,難以回收溶媒,且後處理之難度增加,成為環境汙染的問題。
本發明有鑑於上述以往技術的課題,目的在於提供一種熱線膨脹係數小,且吸光度低的樹脂。
又,本發明之目的在於提供一種製造方法,在使用於該等樹脂的5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物與5,5’位置高選擇性地導入溴原子,同時將溴化反應的後處理過程簡便化,得到5,5’-二溴-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物後,以唑環及開環之反應將溴原子轉換為羥基。再者,本發明之目的在於提供一種使用於其之高產率、低成本、容易實現量產化、對於環境之汙染小的二溴聯苯衍生物合成方法。
為了解決上述課題而進行仔細探討的結果發現本發明。
亦即,本發明為一種樹脂,其特徵為包含選自下述通式(1)、(2)所示的結構之至少1個結構。
(通式(1)為2價有機基,R1、R2各自獨立地表示鹵素原子或碳數1~3的1價有機基。R3、R4表示選自羥基、羧基、磺酸基的有機基。X1為單鍵、O、S、NH、SO2、CO或碳數1~3的2價有機基或該等連結2個以上而成之2價交聯結構。n1為0或1。n1=0時,a1為1~3的整數,b1為1~3的整數,a1+b1為2~4的整數。n1=1時,a1為1~4的整數,b1為0~3的整數,a2為0~4的整數,b2為0~4的整數,a1+b1為1~4的整數,a2+b2為0~4的整數,b1、b2中之至少1個為1以上的整數。)
(通式(2)為3價或4價的有機基,R5、R6各自獨立地表示鹵素原子或碳數1~3的1價有機基。R7、R8表示選自羥基、羧基、磺酸基的有機基。X2為單鍵、O、S、NH、SO2、CO或碳數1~3的2價有機基或該等連結2個以上而成之2價交聯結構。a3、a4、b3、b4為0~3的整數,a3+b3為0~3的整數,a4+b4為0~3的整數,a3、a4中之至少1個為1以上的整數,b3、b4中之至少1個為1以上的整數。m1、m2為0或1的整數且m1+m2為1或2的整數。)
根據本發明,可得到熱線膨脹係數小且吸光度低的樹脂。
1‧‧‧矽晶圓
2‧‧‧Al墊
3‧‧‧鈍化膜
4‧‧‧絕緣膜
5‧‧‧金屬(Cr、Ti、Ni、TiW等)膜
6‧‧‧金屬(Al、Cu、Au等)配線
7‧‧‧絕緣膜
8‧‧‧障壁金屬
9‧‧‧切割道
10‧‧‧焊料凸塊
11‧‧‧矽晶圓
12‧‧‧Al墊
13‧‧‧鈍化膜
14‧‧‧絕緣膜
15‧‧‧接著薄膜
16‧‧‧金屬線(Cu、Au等)
21‧‧‧矽晶圓
22‧‧‧貫穿電極(Cu等)
23‧‧‧墊(Al、Cu等)
24‧‧‧鈍化膜
25‧‧‧絕緣膜
26‧‧‧障壁金屬
27‧‧‧焊料凸塊
28‧‧‧接著薄膜
29‧‧‧切割道
31‧‧‧TFT
32‧‧‧配線
33‧‧‧絕緣膜
34‧‧‧平坦化膜
35‧‧‧ITO
36‧‧‧基板
37‧‧‧接觸孔
第1圖為表示具有凸塊的半導體裝置之墊部分的擴大剖面之圖。
第2圖為表示具有凸塊的半導體裝置之詳細的作成方法之圖。
第3圖為表示晶片積層型之半導體裝置的電極部分之擴大剖面的圖。
第4圖為表示晶片積層型之半導體裝置的電極部分之擴大剖面的圖。
第5圖為表示晶片積層型的半導體裝置之詳細的作成方法之圖。
第6圖為表示晶片積層型的半導體裝置之詳細的作成方法之圖。
第7圖為表示TFT基板之剖面圖的圖。
本發明為一種樹脂,其特徵為包含選自下述通式(1)、(2)所示的結構之至少1個結構。
(通式(1)為2價有機基,R1、R2各自獨立地表示鹵素原子或碳數1~3的1價有機基。R3、R4表示選自羥基、羧基、磺酸基的有機基。X1為單鍵、O、S、NH、SO2、CO或碳數1~3的2價有機基或該等連結2個以上
而成之2價交聯結構。n1為0或1。n1=0時,a1為1~3的整數,b1為1~3的整數,a1+b1為2~4的整數。n1=1時,a1為1~4的整數,b1為0~3的整數,a2為0~4的整數,b2為0~4的整數,a1+b1為1~4的整數,a2+b2為0~4的整數,b1、b2中之至少1個為1以上的整數。)
(通式(2)為3價或4價的有機基,R5、R6各自獨立地表示鹵素原子或碳數1~3的1價有機基。R7、R8表示選自羥基、羧基、磺酸基的有機基。X2為單鍵、O、S、NH、SO2、CO或碳數1~3的2價有機基或該等連結2個以上而成之2價交聯結構。a3、a4、b3、b4為0~3的整數,a3+b3為0~3的整數,a4+b4為0~3的整數,a3、a4中之至少1個為1以上的整數,b3、b4中之至少1個為1以上的整數。m1、m2為0或1的整數且m1+m2為1或2的整數。)
通式(1)為2價有機基,R1、R2各自獨立地表示鹵素原子或碳數1~3的1價有機基。從得到的樹脂之耐熱性的觀點,可舉出甲基、甲氧基、乙基、乙氧基、氟基、
三氟甲基、五氟乙基、三氟甲氧基、五氟乙氧基等作為較佳的具體例,但並沒有限定於該等。從可減低得到的樹脂之吸光度的觀點,氟基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、三氟甲氧基、五氟乙氧基更佳,三氟甲基、五氟乙基最佳。又,從可減低得到的樹脂之吸光度的觀點,R1、R2相對於聚合物鏈於鄰位較佳。再者,從可減低得到的樹脂之熱線膨脹係數的觀點,R1、R2鍵結於2位、2’位的位置更佳。
R3、R4表示選自羥基、羧基、磺酸基的有機基。較佳為羥基。又,從可減低得到的樹脂之吸光度的觀點,R3、R4相對於聚合物鏈於鄰位較佳。X1為單鍵、O、S、NH、SO2、CO或碳數1~3的2價有機基或該等連結2個以上而成之2價交聯結構。從可減低得到的樹脂之熱線膨脹係數的觀點,較佳為單鍵。
n1為0或1。從可減低得到的樹脂之吸光度的觀點,n1為1較佳。n1=0時,a1為1~3的整數,b1為1~3的整數,a1+b1為2~4的整數。n1=1時,a1為1~4的整數,b1為0~3的整數,a2為0~4的整數,b2為0~4的整數,a1+b1為1~4的整數,a2+b2為0~4的整數,b1、b2中之至少1個為1以上的整數。從可減低得到的樹脂之熱線膨脹係數的觀點,n1=0時,a1、b1為1或2較佳,a1=b1=2更佳。同樣地從可減低得到的樹脂之熱線膨脹係數的觀點,n1=1時,a1=a2=1,b1、b2為1或2較佳,a1=a2=b1=b2=1更佳。再者,從可減低得到的樹脂之熱線膨脹係數的觀點,通式(1)所示的結構之芳香環相對於聚合物主鏈,全部以對位鍵結較佳。
在本發明中,作為通式(1)所示之較佳的結構,可舉出以下的結構,但並沒有限定於該等。
[化7]
通式(2)中,R5、R6各自獨立地表示鹵素原子或碳數1~3的1價有機基。從得到的樹脂之耐熱性的觀點,可舉出甲基、甲氧基、乙基、乙氧基、氟基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、三氟甲氧基、五氟乙氧基等作為較佳的具體例,但並沒有限定於該等。從可減低得到的樹脂之吸光度的觀點,氟基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、三氟甲氧基、五氟乙氧基更佳,三氟甲基、五氟乙基最佳。
又,從可減低得到的樹脂之吸光度的觀點,R5、R6相對於聚合物鏈於鄰位較佳。再者,從可減低得到的樹脂之熱線膨脹係數的觀點,R5、R6鍵結於2位、2’位的位置更佳。R7、R8表示選自羥基、羧基、磺酸基的
有機基。較佳為羥基。又,從可減低得到的樹脂之吸光度的觀點,R7、R8相對於聚合物鏈於鄰位較佳。X2為單鍵、O、S、NH、SO2、CO或碳數1~3的2價有機基或該等連結2個以上而成之2價交聯結構。從可減低得到的樹脂之熱線膨脹係數的觀點,較佳為單鍵。
a3、a4、b3、b4為0~3的整數,a3+b3為0~3的整數,a4+b4為0~3的整數,a3、a4中之至少1個為1以上的整數,b3、b4中之至少1個為1以上的整數。從可減低得到的樹脂之熱線膨脹係數的觀點,a3=a4=1、b3、b4為1或2較佳,a3=a4=b3=b4=1更佳。m1、m2為0或1的整數且m1+m2為1或2的整數。較佳為m1=m2=1。
在本發明中,作為通式(2)所示之較佳的結構,可舉出以下的結構。
作為包含選自下述通式(1)、(2)所示的結構之至少1個結構的樹脂,可舉出聚胺甲酸酯、聚脲、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、多胺、聚偶氮甲鹼、聚醯胺、聚醯胺醯亞胺、聚醯胺醯亞胺前驅物、聚醯亞胺、聚醯亞胺前驅物、聚苯并唑、聚苯并唑前驅物、聚苯并噻唑、聚苯并噻唑前驅物、聚苯并咪唑、聚苯并咪唑前驅物、聚醚酮、
聚苯醚、聚苯硫醚、聚醚醚酮、聚醚碸或該等之無規共聚合物、嵌段共聚合物等,並沒有限定於該等。從在加熱處理後得到的被膜之耐熱性、耐藥品性、機械特性的觀點,選自聚醯亞胺、聚醯胺醯亞胺、聚苯并唑、聚醯亞胺前驅物、聚醯胺醯亞胺前驅物、聚苯并唑前驅物、或該等之無規共聚合物、嵌段共聚合物的至少1種較佳。從可降低加熱處理溫度的觀點,聚醯亞胺、聚醯胺醯亞胺更佳,從耐熱性之觀點,聚醯亞胺最佳。
如前述的樹脂,例如,可藉由將二羧酸、三羧酸、四羧酸或該等之衍生物或酐與二胺、二異氰酸酯、或將該等以羥基取代、以羧基取代的化合物或該等之衍生物,於-30℃~300℃的範圍進行反應而合成。例如,聚醯亞胺前驅物、聚醯亞胺,可藉由將四羧酸、四羧酸衍生物或四羧酸二酐與二胺進行反應而得到。聚醯胺醯亞胺前驅物或聚醯胺醯亞胺,可藉由將三羧酸、三羧酸衍生物或三羧酸酐與二胺進行反應而得到。聚苯并唑前驅物或聚苯并唑,可藉由將雙胺酚與二羧酸或其羥基苯并三唑酯或咪唑烷(imidazolide)化合物等之二羧酸衍生物進行反應而得到。
聚合溶媒,只要可溶解生成的樹脂即可,其種類並沒有特別限定。可舉出例如N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮、γ-丁內酯、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啶酮、二甲亞碸等之極性的非質子性溶媒、四氫呋喃、二烷、丙二醇單甲醚、丙二醇單乙醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇乙基甲醚
等之二醇醚類、丙酮、甲基乙酮、二異丁酮、二丙酮醇等之酮類、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸異丁酯、乙酸丙酯、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、二醇醚乙酸酯、3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁基乙酸酯等之酯類、乳酸乙酯、乳酸甲酯、二丙酮醇、3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁醇等之醇類、甲苯、二甲苯等之芳香族烴類等。亦可含有該等2種以上。聚合溶媒,相對於得到的樹脂100重量份而言使用100~1900重量份較佳,150~950重量份更佳。藉由在該範圍,聚合後之溶液係成為容易處理的黏性物。
作為本發明中的樹脂之具體的結構,可舉出在下述通式(3)~(5)舉出的樹脂。
(上述通式(3)中,R9表示碳數2~50的2價有機基。R10表示碳數2~50之3價或4價的有機基。又,R9表示選自通式(1)或下述通式(6)的結構,及/或R10表示選自通式(2)或下述通式(7)的結構。R11表示氫、或碳數1~10的有機基。m3為1或2的整數。n2表示10~100,000的範圍。)
(上述通式(4)中,R12表示碳數2~50的2價有機基。R13表示碳數2~50之3價或4價的有機基。又,R12表示選自通式(1)或下述通式(6)的結構,及/或R13表示選自通式(2)或下述通式(7)的結構。m4為0或1的整數,c1為0或1的整數;m4=0時,c1=1;m4=1時,c1=0。n3表示10~100,000的範圍。)
(上述通式(5)中,R14、R15表示碳數2~50的4價有機基,R14及/或R15表示選自通式(1)或下述通式(6)的結構。n4表示10~100,000的範圍。)
(通式(6)為2價有機基,R16~R19各自獨立地表示鹵素原子或碳數1~3的1價有機基。R20、R21表示選自羥基、羧基、磺酸基的有機基。X3為單鍵、O、S、NH、SO2、CO或碳數1~3的2價有機基或該等連結2個以上而成之2價交聯結構。X4、X5表示選自醯胺鍵、偶氮甲鹼鍵的結構。a5為1~4的整數,b5為0~3的整數,a6為0~4的整數,b6為0~4的整數,b7、b8為0~4的整數,a5+b5為1~4的整數,a6+b6為0~4的整數,b5、b6中之至少1個為1以上的整數。)
(通式(7)為3價或4價的有機基,R22~R25各自獨立地表示鹵素原子或碳數1~3的1價有機基。R26、R27表示選自羥基、羧基、磺酸基的有機基。X6為單鍵、O、S、NH、SO2、CO或碳數1~3的2價有機基或該等連結2個以上而成之2價交聯結構。X7、X8表示選自醯胺鍵、偶氮甲鹼鍵的結構。a7為1~4的整數,b9為0~3的整數,a8為0~4的整數,b10為0~4的整數,b11、b12為0~3的整數,a7+b9為1~4的整數,a8+b10為0~4的整數,b9、b10中之至少1個為1以上的整數。m5、m6為0或1的整數且m5+m6為1或2的整數。)
通式(3)、(4)、(5)中,R9、R12、R14表示二胺、矽烷化二胺、或二異氰酸酯的殘基,且表示碳數2~50的2價有機基。其中尤以含有芳香族環或環狀脂肪族基的碳原子數5~40之有機基較佳。作為較佳的具體例,可舉出雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)六氟丙烷、雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)碸、雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)丙烷、雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)甲烯(bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylene)、雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)醚、雙(3-胺基-4-羥基)聯苯、雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)茀、3,5-二胺基安息香酸、3-羧基-4,4’-二胺基二苯基醚、3-磺酸-4,4’-二胺基二苯基醚、二硫代羥基苯二胺、3,4’-二胺基二苯基醚、4,4’-二胺基二苯基醚、3,4’-二胺基二苯基甲烷、4,4’-二胺基二苯基甲烷、3,4’-二胺基二苯碸、4,4’-二胺基二苯碸、3,4’-二胺基二苯基硫醚、4,4’-二胺基二苯基硫醚、1,4-雙(4-胺基苯氧基)苯、1,3-雙(4-胺基苯氧基)苯、聯苯胺、m-苯二胺、p-苯二胺、1,5-萘二胺、2,6-萘二胺、雙(4-胺基苯氧基苯基)碸、雙(3-胺基苯氧基苯基)碸、雙(4-胺基苯氧基)聯苯、雙{4-(4-胺基苯氧基)苯基}醚、2,2’-二甲基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯、2,2’-二乙基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯、3,3’-二甲基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯、3,3’-二乙基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯、2,2’,3,3’-四甲基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯、3,3’,4,4’-四甲基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯、2,2’-二(三氟甲基)-4,4’-二胺基聯苯、9,9-雙(4-胺基苯基)茀的殘基、在該等之化合物的芳香族環以烷基或鹵素原子取代之化合物的殘基、該等之化合物的氫化物之殘基、及通式(1)、(6)所示的結構等。該等可單獨使用或組合2種以上而使用。
通式(3)、(4)中,R10、R13表示四羧酸、三羧酸、四羧酸二酐或三羧酸酐的殘基,且表示碳數2~50之3價或4價的有機基。其中尤以含有芳香族環或環狀脂肪族基之碳原子數5~40的有機基較佳。作為較佳之具體的例,可舉出苯均四酸酐、3,3’,4,4’-聯苯四羧酸二酐、2,3,3’,4’-聯苯四羧酸二酐、2,2’,3,3’-聯苯四羧酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-二苯基酮四羧酸二酐、2,2’,3,3’-二苯基酮四羧酸二酐、2,2-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)丙烷二酐、2,2-雙(2,3-二羧基苯基)丙烷二酐、1,1-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)乙烷二酐、1,1-雙(2,3-二羧基苯基)乙烷二酐、雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)甲烷二酐、雙(2,3-二羧基苯基)甲烷二酐、雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)碸二酐、雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)醚二酐、2,2-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)六氟丙烷二酐、2,2-雙(2,3-二羧基苯基)六氟丙烷二酐、9,9-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)茀酸二酐、9,9-雙{4-(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)苯基}茀酸二酐、1,2,5,6-萘四羧酸二酐、2,3,6,7-萘四羧酸二酐、3,4,9,10-苝四羧酸二酐、2,3,5,6-吡啶四羧酸二酐、苯偏三酸酐、苯均三酸酐、二苯基醚三羧酸酐、聯苯三羧酸酐的殘基、或將該等之芳香族環以烷基或鹵素原子取代的化合物之殘基、1,2-二甲基-1,2,3,4-環丁烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-四甲基-1,2,3,4-環丁烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,4,5-環己烷四羧酸二酐、3,4-二羧基-1,2,3,4-四氫-1-萘琥珀酸二酐、5-(2,5-二側氧基四氫呋喃基)-3-甲基-3-環己烯-1,2-二羧酸二酐、2,3,5-三羧基-2-環戊烷乙酸二酐、雙環[2.2.2]辛-7-烯-2,3,5,6-四羧酸二酐、2,3,4,5-四氫呋喃四羧酸二酐、
3,5,6-三羧基-2-降莰烷乙酸二酐的殘基、及通式(2)、(7)所示的結構等。該等可單獨使用或組合2種以上而使用。
從可減低得到的樹脂之熱線膨脹係數的觀點,R10、R13包含源自苯均四酸酐的殘基較佳。再者,從可減低熱線膨脹係數,同時減低吸光度的觀點,所含的苯均四酸酐為酸酐中30莫耳%~80莫耳%更佳。
通式(5)中,R15表示源自二羧酸的殘基,且表示碳數2~50的2價有機基。作為較佳的二羧酸之具體的例,可舉出對苯二甲酸、間苯二甲酸、二苯基醚二羧酸、萘二羧酸、雙(羧基苯基)丙烷、雙(羧基苯基)六氟丙烷、聯苯二羧酸、二苯基酮二羧酸、三聯苯二羧酸等之芳香族二羧酸的殘基、環己烷二羧酸、己二酸、癸二酸、十二烷二酸等之脂肪族二羧酸的殘基、或將該等之芳香族環以烷基或鹵素原子取代的化合物之殘基、及通式(1)、(6)所示的結構等。該等可單獨使用或組合2種以上而使用。
在通式(3)、(4)中,R9、R12表示選自通式(1)或(6)的結構,及/或R10、R13表示選自通式(2)或(7)的結構較佳。
在通式(5)中,R14、R15之至少一方表示選自通式(1)或(6)的結構較佳。
在通式(3)、(4)、(5)中,為了提升加熱處理後之耐熱性被膜的矽系基板、與玻璃基板之接著性、或為了提高相對於用於清洗等之氧電漿、UV臭氧處理的耐性,在不使耐熱性下降的範圍,亦可在R9、R10、R12、
R13、R14將矽氧烷結構共聚合。作為具體的R9、R12、R14之例,可舉出雙(3-胺丙基)四甲基二矽氧烷、雙(p-胺基-苯基)八甲基五矽氧烷等之殘基。該等共聚合R9、R12、R14全體之1~10莫耳%較佳。作為具體的R10、R13之例,可舉出二甲基矽烷二鄰苯二甲酸二酐、1,3-雙(鄰苯二甲酸)四甲基二矽氧烷二酐等之殘基。該等可單獨使用或組合2種以上而使用,且共聚合R10、R13全體之1~10莫耳%較佳。
在通式(3)、(4)、(5)中,為了提升加熱處理後的耐熱性被膜與金屬基板之接著性,在不使耐熱性下降的範圍,亦可在R9、R12、R14將具有聚環氧烷基的脂肪族結構共聚合。作為具體的結構,可舉出JEFFAMINE(註冊商標)KH-511、JEFFAMINEED-600、JEFFAMINEED-900、JEFFAMINEED-2003、JEFFAMINEEDR-148、JEFFAMINEEDR-176、JEFFAMINED-200、JEFFAMINED-400、JEFFAMINED-2000、JEFFAMINED-4000(以上商品名、HUNTSMAN(股)製)等之殘基。該等可單獨使用或組合2種以上而使用,且共聚合R9、R12、R14全體之1~30莫耳%。
通式(3)中,R11表示氫、或碳數1~10之有機基。從得到的感光性樹脂組成物溶液之安定性的觀點,R11為有機基較佳,但從鹼水溶液之溶解性來看,氫較佳。在本發明中,可混雜氫原子與烷基。藉由調整該R11之氫與有機基的量,因為對於鹼水溶液之溶解速度產生
變化,所以根據該調整,可得到具有適當的溶解速度之感光性樹脂組成物。較佳的範圍,R11之各自10莫耳%~90莫耳%為氫原子。又,R11之碳數為20以下的話,可得到足夠的鹼可溶性。根據前述,R11含有至少1個碳數1~20之烴基,其他為氫原子較佳。作為R11為烴基時之較佳的例,可舉出甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基等。m3表示1或2的整數。較佳為2。
通式(4)中,m4為0或1的整數,c1為0或1的整數;m4=0時,c1=1;m4=1時,c1=0。從可減低得到之樹脂的熱線膨脹係數之觀點,m4=1且c1=0較佳。
通式(6)為2價有機基,R16~R19各自獨立地表示鹵素原子或碳數1~3的1價有機基。從得到的樹脂之耐熱性的觀點,可舉出甲基、甲氧基、乙基、乙氧基、氟基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、三氟甲氧基、五氟乙氧基等作為較佳的具體例,但並沒有限定於該等。從可減低得到的樹脂之吸光度的觀點,氟基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、三氟甲氧基、五氟乙氧基進一步較佳,三氟甲基、五氟乙基最佳。又,從可減低得到的樹脂之吸光度的觀點,R16~R19相對於聚合物鏈於鄰位較佳。再者,從可減低得到的樹脂之熱線膨脹係數的觀點,R16~R19鍵結於2位、2’位之位置更佳。
R20、R21表示選自羥基、羧基、磺酸基的有機基。較佳為羥基。又,從可減低得到的樹脂之吸光度的觀點,R20、R21相對於聚合物鏈於鄰位較佳。
X3為單鍵、O、S、NH、SO2、CO或碳數1~3的2價有機基或該等連結2個以上而成之2價交聯結構。從可減低得到的樹脂之熱線膨脹係數的觀點,較佳為單鍵。X4、X5表示選自醯胺鍵、偶氮甲鹼鍵的結構。從可減低得到的樹脂之吸光度的觀點,較佳為醯胺鍵。
a5為1~4的整數,b5為0~3的整數,a6為0~4的整數,b6為0~4的整數,b7、b8為0~4的整數,a5+b5為1~4的整數,a6+b6為0~4的整數,b5、b6中之至少1個為1以上的整數。從可減低得到的樹脂之熱線膨脹係數的觀點,a5=a6=1,b5、b6為1或2,b7、b8為0~2較佳,a1=a2=b5=b6=1,b7、b8為0~2更佳,a1=a2=b5=b6=1、b7=b8=0最佳。再者,從可減低得到的樹脂之熱線膨脹係數的觀點,通式(6)所示之結構的芳香環相對於聚合物主鏈,全部以對位鍵結較佳。
在本發明中,作為通式(6)所示之較佳的結構,可舉出如下述的結構,但並沒有限定於該等。
(通式(8)中,X9表示[化5]~[化7]所示的結構。)
通式(7)為3價或4價的有機基,R22~R25各自獨立地表示鹵素原子或碳數1~3的1價有機基。從得到的樹脂之耐熱性的觀點,可舉出甲基、甲氧基、乙基、乙氧基、氟基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、三氟甲氧基、五氟乙氧基等作為較佳的具體例,但並沒有限定於該等。從可減低得到的樹脂之吸光度的觀點,氟基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、三氟甲氧基、五氟乙氧基進一步較佳,三氟甲基、五氟乙基最佳。又,從可減低得到的樹脂之吸光度
的觀點,R22~R25相對於聚合物鏈於鄰位較佳。再者,從可減低得到的樹脂之熱線膨脹係數的觀點,R22~R25鍵結於2位、2’位之位置更佳。
R26、R27表示選自羥基、羧基、磺酸基的有機基。較佳為羥基。又,從可減低得到的樹脂之吸光度的觀點,R26、R27相對於聚合物鏈於鄰位較佳。X6為單鍵、O、S、NH、SO2、CO或碳數1~3的2價有機基或該等連結2個以上而成之2價交聯結構。從可減低得到的樹脂之熱線膨脹係數的觀點,較佳為單鍵。X7、X8表示選自醯胺鍵、偶氮甲鹼鍵的結構。從可減低得到的樹脂之吸光度的觀點,較佳為醯胺鍵。
a7為1~4的整數,b9為0~3的整數,a8為0~4的整數,b10為0~4的整數,b11、b12為0~3的整數,a7+b9為1~4的整數,a8+b10為0~4的整數,b9、b10中之至少1個為1以上的整數。從可減低得到的樹脂之熱線膨脹係數的觀點,a7=a8=1,b9、b10為1或2,b11、b12為0或1較佳,a7=a8=b9=b10=1,b11、b12為0或1更佳,a7=a8=b9=b10=1、b11=b12=0最佳。m5、m6為0或1的整數且m5+m6為1或2的整數。較佳為m5=m6=1。
在本發明中,作為通式(7)所示之較佳的結構,可舉出如下述的結構,但並沒有限定於該等。
(通式(9)中,X9各自獨立地表示[化5]~[化7]所示的結構。)
在通式(3)、(4)、(5)中,n2、n3、n4表示10~100,000的範圍。
再者,為了進一步提升加熱處理後的耐熱性被膜與基板之接著特性,本發明之樹脂的兩末端中之至少一方亦可包含酚基及/或硫酚基。對末端之鹼可溶性基的導入,可藉由使封端劑具備鹼可溶性基而進行。封端劑,可使用單胺、酸酐、單羧酸、單酸氯化物化合物、單活性酯化合物等。
作為封端劑使用的單胺之具體例,可舉出5-胺基-8-羥基喹啉、4-胺基-8-羥基喹啉、1-羥基-8-胺基萘、1-羥基-7-胺基萘、1-羥基-6-胺基萘、1-羥基-5-胺基萘、1-羥基-4-胺基萘、1-羥基-3-胺基萘、1-羥基-2-胺基萘、1-胺基-7-羥基萘、2-羥基-7-胺基萘、2-羥基-6-胺基萘、2-羥基-5-胺基萘、2-羥基-4-胺基萘、2-羥基-3-胺基萘、1-胺基-2-羥基萘、1-羧基-8-胺基萘、1-羧基-7-胺基萘、1-羧基-6-胺基萘、1-羧基-5-胺基萘、1-羧基-4-胺基萘、1-羧基-3-胺基萘、1-羧基-2-胺基萘、1-胺基-7-羧基萘、2-羧基-7-胺基萘、2-羧基-6-胺基萘、2-羧基-5-胺基萘、2-羧基-4-胺基萘、2-羧基-3-胺基萘、1-胺基-2-羧基萘、2-胺基菸鹼酸、4-胺基菸鹼酸、5-胺基菸鹼酸、6-胺基菸鹼酸、4-胺基水楊酸、5-胺基水楊酸、6-胺基水楊酸、3-胺基-o-甲苯甲酸、三聚氰酸一醯胺(ammelide)、2-胺基安息香酸、3-胺基安息香酸、4-胺基安息香酸、2-胺基苯磺酸、3-胺基苯磺酸、4-胺基苯磺酸、3-胺基-4,6-二羥基嘧啶、2-胺酚、3-胺酚、4-胺酚、5-胺基-8-巰基喹啉、4-胺基-8-巰基喹啉、1-巰基-8-胺基萘、1-巰基-7-胺基萘、1-巰基-6-胺基萘、1-巰基-5-胺基萘、1-巰基-4-胺基萘、1-巰基-3-胺基萘、1-巰基-2-胺基萘、1-胺基-7-巰基萘、2-巰基-7-胺基萘、2-巰基-6-胺基萘、2-巰基-5-胺基萘、2-巰基-4-胺基萘、2-巰基-3-胺基萘、1-胺基-2-巰基萘、3-胺基-4,6-二巰基嘧啶、2-胺基硫酚、3-胺基硫酚、4-胺基硫酚等。
該等之中,5-胺基-8-羥基喹啉、1-羥基-7-胺基萘、1-羥基-6-胺基萘、1-羥基-5-胺基萘、1-羥基-4-胺基萘、2-羥基-7-胺基萘、2-羥基-6-胺基萘、2-羥基-5-胺基萘、1-羧基-7-胺基萘、1-羧基-6-胺基萘、1-羧基-5-胺基萘、2-羧基-7-胺基萘、2-羧基-6-胺基萘、2-羧基-5-胺基萘、2-胺基安息香酸、3-胺基安息香酸、4-胺基安息香酸、4-胺基水楊酸、5-胺基水楊酸、6-胺基水楊酸、2-胺基苯磺酸、3-胺基苯磺酸、4-胺基苯磺酸、3-胺基-4,6-二羥基嘧啶、2-胺酚、3-胺酚、4-胺酚、2-胺基硫酚、3-胺基硫酚、4-胺基硫酚等較佳。該等可單獨使用或組合2種以上而使用。
作為封端劑使用的酸酐、單羧酸、單酸氯化物化合物、單活性酯化合物之具體例,可舉出鄰苯二甲酸酐、馬來酸酐、納迪克酸、環己烷二羧酸酐、3-羥基鄰苯二甲酸酐等之酸酐、2-羧基酚、3-羧基酚、4-羧基酚、2-羧基硫酚、3-羧基硫酚、4-羧基硫酚、1-羥基-8-羧基萘、1-羥基-7-羧基萘、1-羥基-6-羧基萘、1-羥基-5-羧基萘、1-羥基-4-羧基萘、1-羥基-3-羧基萘、1-羥基-2-羧基萘、1-巰基-8-羧基萘、1-巰基-7-羧基萘、1-巰基-6-羧基萘、1-巰基-5-羧基萘、1-巰基-4-羧基萘、1-巰基-3-羧基萘、1-巰基-2-羧基萘、2-羧基苯磺酸、3-羧基苯磺酸、4-羧基苯磺酸等之單羧酸類及該等之羧基酸氯化的單酸氯化物化合物、及對苯二甲酸、鄰苯二甲酸、馬來酸、環己烷二羧酸、3-羥基鄰苯二甲酸、5-降莰烯-2,3-二羧酸、1,2-二羧基萘、1,3-二羧基萘、1,4-二羧基萘、1,5-
二羧基萘、1,6-二羧基萘、1,7-二羧基萘、1,8-二羧基萘、2,3-二羧基萘、2,6-二羧基萘、2,7-二羧基萘等之二羧酸類之僅單羧基酸氯化的單酸氯化物化合物、利用單酸氯化物化合物與N-羥基苯并三唑或N-羥基-5-降莰烯-2,3-二羧基醯亞胺之反應得到的活性酯化合物等。
該等之中,鄰苯二甲酸酐、馬來酸酐、納迪克酸、環己烷二羧酸酐、3-羥基鄰苯二甲酸酐等之酸酐、3-羧基酚、4-羧基酚、3-羧基硫酚、4-羧基硫酚、1-羥基-7-羧基萘、1-羥基-6-羧基萘、1-羥基-5-羧基萘、1-巰基-7-羧基萘、1-巰基-6-羧基萘、1-巰基-5-羧基萘、3-羧基苯磺酸、4-羧基苯磺酸等之單羧酸類及該等之羧基酸氯化的單酸氯化物化合物及對苯二甲酸、鄰苯二甲酸、馬來酸、環己烷二羧酸、1,5-二羧基萘、1,6-二羧基萘、1,7-二羧基萘、2,6-二羧基萘等之二羧酸類之僅單羧基酸氯化之單酸氯化物化合物、利用單酸氯化物化合物與N-羥基苯并三唑或N-羥基-5-降莰烯-2,3-二羧基醯亞胺之反應得到的活性酯化合物等較佳。該等可單獨使用或組合2種以上而使用。
上述單胺、酸酐、酸氯化物、單羧酸等之封端劑的含量,酸成分單體或二胺成分單體之加入莫耳數的0.1~70莫耳%之範圍較佳,5~50莫耳%更佳。藉由成為如前述的範圍,可得到塗布樹脂組成物之際的溶液之黏性為適當,且具有優異的膜物性之樹脂組成物。
又,亦可在樹脂之末端具有聚合性官能基。作為聚合性官能基的例,可舉出乙烯性不飽和結合基、
乙炔基、羥甲基、烷氧甲基等。具有封端劑的樹脂,在上述種種之公知的合成方法中,於選擇地組合二胺、或四羧酸二酐進行反應之際,可藉由與該等同時或較該等稍慢,添加封端劑而得到。
本發明的樹脂,其特徵為吸光度低。利用本發明之樹脂形成的樹脂膜之每1μm厚度在波長365nm中之吸光度為0.005以上0.3以下較佳,0.008以上0.2以下更佳,0.01以上0.1以下最佳。0.3以下時,藉由抑制樹脂其本身之吸收而在具有感光性的樹脂組成物使用時可減小能量損失,且0.005以上時,不會產生來自基板之光反射導致的圖案形成不良。吸光度,例如,通式(4)所示之聚醯亞胺的情況中,進行R12與R13的結構之選擇、共聚合比之調整而設定。特別是從作為感光性樹脂組成物之際的感光性能,尤其是感度變高的觀點,宜使用具有如前述的特性之樹脂。
再者,上述樹脂膜,浸漬於2.38%氫氧化四甲銨水溶液之際的膜厚減少速度為10nm/分鐘以上、30000nm/分鐘以下較佳。更佳為50nm/分鐘以上、20000nm/鐘分以下,最佳為100nm/分鐘以上、15000nm/分鐘以下。30000nm/分鐘以下的話,在使用於具有感光性的樹脂組成物時,於圖案形成不良不會產生的程度,樹脂之顯影性變高;10nm/分鐘以上的話,可賦予利用顯影僅可得到凸紋圖案之溶解性。膜厚減少速度,例如,通式(3)所示之聚醯亞胺前驅物的情況中,藉由進行R9與R10的結構之選擇、共聚合比之調整、調整R11中氫之
比例、及變更n2並調整分子量等而設定。特別是從作為感光性樹脂組成物之際的感光性能,尤其是感度變高的觀點,宜使用具有如前述的特性之樹脂。再者,在此所言之樹脂膜為將樹脂之γ-丁內酯溶液(樹脂濃度40%)塗布於「Pyrex(註冊商標)」玻璃基材,以120℃的熱板(DAINIPPON SCREEN製造(股)製SKW-636)烘烤2~4分鐘之厚度3~10μm的膜。
再者,在將本發明的樹脂於250℃加熱處理後測定之50~200℃的平均熱線膨脹係數為-10~40ppm/℃較佳。更佳為0~30ppm/℃,進一步較佳為1~25ppm/℃,最佳為3~20ppm/℃。較該範圍大或小,與基板之熱膨脹係數差均變大,涉及裝置的樹脂起因之應力變大,有對裝置製造時之良率、製品之可靠性造成不良影響的可能性。平均熱線膨脹係數,例如,通式(4)所示之聚醯亞胺的情況中,進行R12與R13的結構之選擇、共聚合比之調整而設定。從可使裝置之翹曲減小的觀點,宜使用具有如前述之特性的樹脂。
本發明的樹脂為在聚合結束後於甲醇或水等之相對於樹脂的貧溶媒中沉澱化後,進行清洗、乾燥而得者更佳。藉由再沉澱,可除去在聚合時使用的酯化劑、縮合劑、及酸氯化物導致的副生成物、或樹脂前驅物之低分子量成分等,因此有大幅提升樹脂組成物的加熱硬化後之機械特性的優點。
本發明的樹脂組成物,亦可在本發明的樹脂包含溶劑、及視需要包含為了機能化的添加劑。作為宜
使用於本發明之樹脂組成物的溶劑,具體而言,可舉出乙二醇單甲醚、乙二醇單乙醚、丙二醇單甲醚、丙二醇單乙醚、乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇二乙醚、乙二醇二丁醚、二乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇甲基乙醚等之醚類、乙二醇單乙醚乙酸酯、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸異丁酯、乙酸3-甲氧基丁酯、乙酸3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁酯、乳酸甲酯、乳酸乙酯、乳酸丁酯等之乙酸酯類、乙醯丙酮、甲基丙酮、甲基丁酮、甲基異丁酮、環戊酮、2-庚酮等之酮類、丁醇、異丁醇、戊醇、4-甲基-2-戊醇、3-甲基-2-丁醇、3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁醇、二丙酮醇等之醇類、甲苯、二甲苯等之芳香族烴類、N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮、N-環己基-2-吡咯啶酮、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、二甲亞碸、γ-丁內酯等。該等可單獨使用或混合而使用。
本發明的樹脂組成物,亦可含有本發明的樹脂以外之其他的鹼可溶性樹脂。具體而言,可舉出將丙烯酸共聚合的丙烯酸聚合物、酚樹脂、矽氧烷樹脂、聚羥基苯乙烯樹脂、或在該等導入羥甲基、烷氧甲基或環氧基等之交聯基的樹脂、該等的共聚合聚合物等。較佳為酚樹脂、聚羥基苯乙烯樹脂、或在該等導入羥甲基、烷氧甲基或環氧基等之交聯基的樹脂、該等之共聚合聚合物。如前述的樹脂為溶解於氫氧化四甲銨、膽鹼、三乙胺、二甲胺基吡啶、單乙醇胺、二乙胺基乙醇、氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鈉等之鹼的水溶液者。藉由含有該等之鹼可溶性樹脂,可保持耐熱性被膜之密合性或優異的感度,同時賦予各鹼可溶性樹脂的特性。
作為較佳的酚樹脂,有酚醛樹脂或可溶酚醛樹脂,藉由將種種的酚類之單獨或該等之多種的混合物以福馬林等之醛類聚縮合而得到。
作為構成酚醛樹脂及可溶酚醛樹脂的酚類,可舉出例如酚、p-甲酚、m-甲酚、o-甲酚、2,3-二甲酚、2,4-二甲酚、2,5-二甲酚、2,6-二甲酚、3,4-二甲酚、3,5-二甲酚、2,3,4-三甲酚、2,3,5-三甲酚、3,4,5-三甲酚、2,4,5-三甲酚、亞甲基雙酚、亞甲基雙p-甲酚、間苯二酚、兒茶酚、2-甲基間苯二酚、4-甲基間苯二酚、o-氯酚、m-氯酚、p-氯酚、2,3-二氯酚、m-甲氧酚、p-甲氧酚、p-丁氧酚、o-乙酚、m-乙酚、p-乙酚、2,3-二乙酚、2,5-二乙酚、p-異丙酚、α-萘酚、β-萘酚等,該等可單獨使用、或作為多個的混合物使用。
又,作為醛類,除了福馬林以外,可舉出聚甲醛(paraformaldehyde)、乙醛、苯醛、羥苯甲醛、氯乙醛等,該等可單獨使用、或作為多個的混合物使用。
又,本發明所使用的酚樹脂,亦可為將在芳香族環加成的氫原子之一部分利用碳數1~20的烷基、氟烷基、烷氧基、酯基、硝基、氰基、氟原子、或氯原子取代1~4個的結構等。
本發明所使用的酚樹脂之較佳的重量平均分子量,使用膠體滲透層析(GPC),以聚苯乙烯換算為2,000~50,000,較佳在3,000~30,000之範圍。分子量為2,000以上時,圖案形狀、解析度、顯影性、耐熱性均佳,分子量為50,000以下時,可保持足夠的感度。
作為較佳的聚羥基苯乙烯樹脂,可舉出例如在將p-羥基苯乙烯、m-羥基苯乙烯、o-羥基苯乙烯、p-異丙烯酚、m-異丙烯酚、o-異丙烯酚等之具有酚性羥基的芳香族乙烯化合物單獨或將2種以上以公知的方法聚合而得到的聚合物或共聚合物,及將苯乙烯、o-甲基苯乙烯、m-甲基苯乙烯、p-甲基苯乙烯等之芳香族乙烯化合物單獨或將2種以上以公知的方法聚合而得到的聚合物或共聚合物之一部分,以公知的方法藉由將烷氧基進行加成反應而得到的聚合物或共聚合物。
具有酚性羥基的芳香族乙烯化合物,宜使用p-羥基苯乙烯及/或m-羥基苯乙烯,芳香族乙烯化合物,宜使用苯乙烯。
又,本發明所使用的聚羥基苯乙烯樹脂,亦可為將在芳香族環加成的氫原子之一部分利用碳數1~20的烷基、氟烷基、烷氧基、酯基、硝基、氰基、氟原子、或氯原子取代1~4個的結構等。
本發明所使用的聚羥基苯乙烯樹脂之較佳的重量平均分子量,使用膠體滲透層析(GPC),以聚苯乙烯換算為3,000~60,000的範圍較佳,3,000~25,000的範圍更佳。分子量為3,000以上時,圖案形狀、解析度、顯影性、耐熱性均佳,分子量為60,000以下時,可保持足夠的感度。
該等酚樹脂、聚羥基苯乙烯樹脂之樹脂組成物中的含量,相對於本發明之樹脂100重量份為5~50重量份,特別是10~40重量份較佳。40重量份以下的話,
可維持加熱處理後的耐熱性被膜之耐熱性或強度,10重量份以上的話,可提升樹脂膜之圖案形成性。
本發明的樹脂組成物,亦可含有光酸產生劑,且可賦予正型的感光性。光酸產生劑,可舉出醌二疊氮化合物、鋶鹽化合物、鏻鹽化合物、重氮鹽化合物、錪鹽化合物等,但醌二疊氮化合物較佳,特別是o-醌二疊氮化合物較佳。作為醌二疊氮化合物,可舉出在多羥基化合物以酯鍵結醌二疊氮之磺酸者、在多胺基化合物磺醯胺鍵結醌二疊氮之磺酸者、在多羥基多胺基化合物酯鍵結及/或磺醯胺鍵結醌二疊氮之磺酸者等。該等多羥基化合物或多胺基化合物之全部的官能基也可沒有被醌二疊氮取代,但官能基全體之50莫耳%以上被醌二疊氮取代較佳。藉由50莫耳%以上被醌二疊氮取代,有相對於樹脂膜之鹼顯影液的溶解性變良好,且可得到與未曝光部之對比高的精細圖案之優點。藉由使用如前述之醌二疊氮化合物,可得到在作為一般的紫外線之汞燈的i射線(365nm)、h射線(405nm)、g射線(436nm)感光之具有正型的感光性之樹脂組成物。
多羥基化合物,可舉出Bis-Z、BisP-EZ、TekP-4HBPA、TrisP-HAP、TrisP-PA、TrisP-SA、TrisOCR-PA、BisOCHP-Z、BisP-MZ、BisP-PZ、BisP-IPZ、BisOCP-IPZ、BisP-CP、BisRS-2P、BisRS-3P、BisP-OCHP、亞甲基參-FR-CR、BisRS-26X、DML-MBPC、DML-MBOC、DML-OCHP、DML-PCHP、DML-PC、DML-PTBP、DML-34X、DML-EP,DML-POP、二羥甲基
-BisOC-P、DML-PFP、DML-PSBP、DML-MTrisPC、TriML-P、TriML-35XL、TML-BP、TML-HQ、TML-pp-BPF、TML-BPA、TMOM-BP、HML-TPPHBA、HML-TPHAP(以上商品名、本州化學工業(股)製)、BIR-OC、BIP-PC、BIR-PC、BIR-PTBP、BIR-PCHP、BIP-BIOC-F、4PC、BIR-BIPC-F、TEP-BIP-A、46DMOC、46DMOEP、TM-BIP-A(以上商品名、旭有機材工業(股)製)、2,6-二甲氧基甲基-4-三級丁酚、2,6-二甲氧基甲基-p-甲酚、2,6-二乙醯氧基甲基-p-甲酚、萘酚、四羥基二苯基酮、沒食子酸甲酯酯、雙酚A、雙酚E、亞甲基雙酚、BisP-AP(商品名、本州化學工業(股)製)等,但並沒有限定於該等。
多胺基化合物,可舉出1,4-苯二胺、1,3-苯二胺、4,4’-二胺基二苯基醚、4,4’-二胺基二苯基甲烷、4,4’-二胺基二苯碸、4,4’-二胺基二苯硫醚等,但並沒有限定於該等。又,多羥基多胺基化合物,可舉出2,2-雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)六氟丙烷、3,3’-二羥基聯苯胺等,但並沒有限定於該等。
在本發明中,醌二疊氮,宜使用5-萘醌二疊氮磺醯基、4-萘醌二疊氮磺醯基之任一者。4-萘醌二疊氮磺醯酯化合物,在汞燈之i射線區域具有吸收,並適於i射線曝光。5-萘醌二疊氮磺醯酯化合物,至汞燈之g射線區域為止具有吸收,並適於g射線曝光。在本發明中,根據曝光的波長,選擇4-萘醌二疊氮磺醯酯化合物、5-萘醌二疊氮磺醯酯化合物較佳。又,也可得到在同一
分子中併用4-萘醌二疊氮磺醯基及5-萘醌二疊氮磺醯基之萘醌二疊氮磺醯酯化合物,且也可併用4-萘醌二疊氮磺醯酯化合物與5-萘醌二疊氮磺醯酯化合物。
又,醌二疊氮化合物的分子量為300以上較佳,350以上更佳。又,1500以下較佳,1200以下更佳。分子量為300以上的話,曝光感度變高,1500以下的話,有提升加熱處理後的耐熱性被膜之機械特性的優點。
光酸產生劑的含量,相對於作為樹脂組成物全體之樹脂100重量份而言為1重量份以上較佳,3重量份以上更佳。又,50重量份以下較佳,40重量份以下更佳。又,醌二疊氮化合物時的含量,相對於樹脂100重量份而言為1重量份以上較佳,3重量份以上更佳。又,50重量份以下較佳,40重量份以下更佳。在該範圍時,有加熱處理後的耐熱性被膜之機械特性變良好的優點。
在本發明使用的醌二疊氮化合物,根據特定的酚化合物,利用以下的方法進行合成。例如,有將5-萘醌二疊氮磺醯基氯與酚化合物於三乙胺存在下進行反應的方法等。酚化合物之合成方法,有在酸觸媒下將α-(羥苯基)苯乙烯衍生物與多元酚化合物反應的方法等。
由於本發明的樹脂組成物得到之加熱處理後的耐熱性被膜係作為永久膜使用,因此殘留磷等在環境上較不佳,而且因為也需要考慮膜之色調,所以光酸產生劑中,鋶鹽化合物、鏻鹽化合物、重氮鹽化合物之中,宜使用鋶鹽。作為特佳者,可舉出三芳基鋶鹽。
又,本發明的樹脂組成物,為了賦予負型之感光性,可在通式(3)中的R11使用甲基丙烯酸乙基、丙烯酸乙基、甲基丙烯酸丙基、丙烯酸丙基、乙基甲基丙烯酸醯胺基、丙基甲基丙烯酸醯胺基、乙基丙烯醯胺基、丙基丙烯醯胺基等之具有乙烯性不飽和雙鍵的基。又,為了提升樹脂組成物之感光性能,包含光聚合性化合物較佳。作為光聚合性化合物,可舉出2-羥基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、四乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、丙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、亞甲基雙甲基丙烯酸醯胺、亞甲基雙丙烯醯胺等,但並沒有限定於該等。相對於樹脂100重量份而言,光聚合性化合物在1~30重量份的範圍含有較佳。若在該範圍,感度高,且成為熱硬化後的膜之機械特性也良好的組成物。該等之光聚合性化合物,可單獨使用或使用2種以上。
再者,在本發明的樹脂組成物賦予負型之感光性時,亦可含有光聚合起始劑。作為適於本發明的光聚合起始劑,可舉出N-苯基二乙醇胺、N-苯基甘胺酸等之芳香族胺類、米其勒酮等之芳香族酮類、3-苯基-5-異唑啉酮所代表的環狀肟化合物、1-苯基丙二酮-2-(o-乙氧羰基)肟所代表的鏈狀肟化合物、二苯甲酮、o-苯甲醯基安息香酸甲酯、二苄基酮、茀酮等之二苯甲酮衍生物、噻噸酮、2-甲基噻噸酮、2-異丙基噻噸酮等之噻噸酮衍生物等,但並沒有限定於該等。
相對於樹脂100重量份,光聚合起始劑的含量為0.01重量份以上較佳,0.1重量份以上更佳。又,30重量份以下較佳,20重量份以下更佳。若在該範圍內,感度也高,且成為熱硬化後的膜之機械特性也良好的組成物。該等之光聚合起始劑,可單獨使用或使用2種以上。
再者,為了提升負型之感光特性,包含光增感劑更佳。作為適於本發明的光增感劑,可舉出疊氮蒽醌、疊氮苯亞甲基苯乙酮等之芳香族單疊氮、7-二乙胺基苯甲醯基香豆素、3,3’-羰基雙(二乙胺基香豆素)等之胺基香豆素類、苯并蒽酮、菲醌等之芳香族酮類等之如一般使用於光硬化性樹脂物。也可適當使用作為其他電子照片感光體的電荷轉移劑使用物。
相對於樹脂100重量份,光增感劑的含量為0.01重量份較佳,0.1重量份以上更佳。又,30重量份以下較佳,20重量份以下更佳。在該範圍內時,感度也高,且加熱處理後的耐熱性被膜之機械特性也變良好。該等之光增感劑,可單獨使用、或使用2種以上。
本發明的樹脂組成物,以控制由樹脂組成物形成的樹脂膜之鹼顯影性為目的,可含有具有酚性羥基的化合物。作為可在本發明使用之具有酚性羥基的化合物,可舉出例如Bis-Z、BisOC-Z、BisOPP-Z、BisP-CP、Bis26X-Z、BisOTBP-Z、BisOCHP-Z、BisOCR-CP、BisP-MZ、BisP-EZ、Bis26X-CP、BisP-PZ、BisP-IPZ、BisCR-IPZ、BisOCP-IPZ、BisOIPP-CP、Bis26X-IPZ、
BisOTBP-CP、TekP-4HBPA(肆P-DO-BPA)、TrisP-HAP、TrisP-PA、BisOFP-Z、BisRS-2P、BisPG-26X、BisRS-3P、BisOC-OCHP、BisPC-OCHP、Bis25X-OCHP、Bis26X-OCHP、BisOCHP-OC、Bis236T-OCHP、亞甲基參-FR-CR、BisRS-26X、BisRS-OCHP(以上商品名、本州化學工業(股)製)、BIR-OC、BIP-PC、BIR-PC、BIR-PTBP、BIR-PCHP、BIP-BIOC-F、4PC、BIR-BIPC-F、TEP-BIP-A(以上商品名、旭有機材工業(股)製)。
該等之中,作為較佳的具有酚性羥基之化合物,可舉出例如Bis-Z、BisP-EZ、TekP-4HBPA、TrisP-HAP、TrisP-PA、BisOCHP-Z、BisP-MZ、BisP-PZ、BisP-IPZ、BisOCP-IPZ、BisP-CP、BisRS-2P、BisRS-3P、BisP-OCHP、亞甲基參-FR-CR、BisRS-26X、BIP-PC、BIR-PC、BIR-PTBP、BIR-BIPC-F等。該等之中,特佳的具有酚性羥基之化合物為Bis-Z、TekP-4HBPA、TrisP-HAP、TrisP-PA、BisRS-2P、BisRS-3P、BIR-PC、BIR-PTBP、BIR-BIPC-F。藉由含有具有該酚性羥基之化合物而得到的樹脂組成物,曝光前容易溶解於鹼顯影液,且曝光時,變得難溶於鹼顯影液,且顯影導致的膜減少變少,在短時間顯影變容易。相對於樹脂100重量份,如前述的具有酚性羥基之化合物的含量較佳為1~60重量份,更佳為3~50重量份的範圍。
本發明的樹脂組成物,亦可含有熱交聯劑。作為熱交聯劑,可舉出羥甲基化合物、甲氧基羥甲基化合物、脲化合物、環氧化合物、環氧丙烷化合物等,且
尤可使用任一化合物。作為熱交聯劑的具體例,可舉出例如作為具有1個熱交聯性基者之ML-26X、ML-24X、ML-236TMP、4-羥甲基3M6C、ML-MC、ML-TBC(以上商品名、本州化學工業(股)製)、P-a型苯并環己烷(商品名、四國化成工業(股)製)等;作為具有熱交聯性基2個以上者之DM-BI25X-F、46DMOC、46DMOIPP、46DMOEP、TM-BIP-A(以上商品名、旭有機材工業(股)製)、DML-MBPC、DML-MBOC、DML-OCHP、DML-PC、DML-PCHP、DML-PTBP、DML-34X、DML-EP、DML-POP、DML-OC、二羥甲基-Bis-C、二羥甲基-BisOC-P、DML-BisOC-Z、DML-BisOCHP-Z、DML-PFP、DML-PSBP、DML-MB25、DML-MTrisPC、DML-Bis25X-34XL、DML-Bis25X-PCHP、2,6-二甲氧基甲基-4-三級丁酚、2,6-二甲氧基甲基-p-甲酚、2,6-二乙醯氧基甲基-p-甲酚、TriML-P、TriML-35XL、TriML-TrisCR-HAP、TML-BP、TML-HQ、TML-pp-BPF、TML-BPA、TMOM-BP、HML-TPPHBA、HML-TPHAP、HMOM-TPPHBA、HMOM-TPHAP(以上商品名、本州化學工業(股)製)、NIKALAC(註冊商標)MX-290、NIKALAC MX-280、NIKALAC MX-270、NIKALAC MW-390、NIKALAC MW-100LM(商品名、SANWA CHEMICAL(股)製)、B-a型苯并環己烷、B-m型苯并環己烷(以上商品名、四國化成工業(股)製)、Epolite 40E、Epolite 100E、Epolite 200E、Epolite 400E、Epolite 70P、Epolite 200P、Epolite 400P、Epolite 1500NP、Epolite 80MF、Epolite 4000、
Epolite 3002(以上商品名、共榮社化學(股)製)、DENACOL(註冊商標)EX-212L、DENACOL EX-214L、DENACOL EX-216L、DENACOL EX-850L、DENACOL EX-321L(以上商品名、Nagase ChemteX(股)製)、GAN,GOT、NC3000、EPPN502H、NC3000(以上商品名、日本化藥(股)製)、jER(註冊商標)828、jER1002、jER1750、jER1007、jERYX8100-BH30、jER1256、jER4250、jER4275(以上商品名、三菱化學(股)製)、EPICLON(註冊商標)EXA-9583、EPICLON HP4032、EPICLON N695、EPICLON HP7200(以上商品名、DAINIPPON INK化學工業(股)製)、TEPIC(註冊商標)S、TEPIC G、TEPIC P(以上、商品名、日產化學工業(股)製)、ETERNACOLL(註冊商標)EHO、ETERNACOLL OXBP、ETERNACOLL OXTP、ETERNACOLL OXMA(以上商品名、宇部興產(股)製)、環氧丙烷化酚系酚醛。
特別是從曝光後放置安定性之觀點,宜使用甲氧基羥甲基化合物。藉由含有該等之熱交聯劑,固化(cure)後之收縮率少,且成為高尺寸再現性之膜。又,組成物為感光性時,曝光前幾乎未溶於鹼顯影液,且曝光時,容易溶於鹼顯影液,因此有顯影導致的膜減少變少,且可在短時間顯影之優點。相對於樹脂100重量份,熱交聯劑的含量較佳為0.5重量份以上,更佳為3重量份以上,另一方面,較佳為50重量份以下,更佳為40重量份以下。若在該範圍,有提升組成物之耐藥品性的優點。
本發明的樹脂組成物,為了更提高加熱處理後之耐熱性被膜與矽、氮化矽、氧化矽、及磷矽酸鹽玻璃等之矽系基板、ITO基板、各種金屬基板之接著性,提高相對於用於清洗等之氧電漿、UV臭氧處理的耐性,也可含有作為接著改良劑之矽烷偶合劑、鈦螯合劑、鋁螯合劑、含烷氧矽烷的芳香族胺化合物、芳香族醯胺化合物等。作為較佳的矽烷偶合劑之具體例,可舉出N-苯胺基乙基三甲氧矽烷、N-苯胺基乙基三乙氧矽烷、N-苯基胺丙基三甲氧矽烷、N-苯基胺丙基三乙氧矽烷、N-苯胺基丁基三甲氧矽烷、N-苯胺基丁基三乙氧矽烷、乙烯基三甲氧矽烷、乙烯基三乙氧矽烷、乙烯基三氯矽烷、乙烯基參(β-甲氧基乙氧基)矽烷、3-甲基丙烯醯氧丙基三甲氧矽烷、3-丙烯醯氧丙基三甲氧矽烷、p-苯乙烯基三甲氧矽烷、3-甲基丙烯醯氧丙基甲基二甲氧矽烷、3-甲基丙烯醯氧丙基甲基二乙氧矽烷等。以下表示較佳之含烷氧矽烷的芳香族胺化合物及芳香族醯胺化合物之具體例。除此以外,亦可為使芳香族胺化合物與含烷氧基的矽化合物反應而得到的化合物,且可舉出例如使芳香族胺化合物及具有環氧基、氯甲基等之與胺基反應的基之烷氧矽烷化合物反應而得到的化合物等。
相對於樹脂100重量份,該等接著改良劑的含量為0.01~15重量份較佳。
又,藉由將作為塗布樹脂組成物之基板的矽系材料之表面預先進行前處理,也可進一步提升接著性。作為前處理的方法,例如,可舉出如下述的方法。將相對於異丙醇、乙醇、甲醇、水、四氫呋喃、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、丙二醇單甲醚、乳酸乙酯、己二酸二乙酯等之溶媒100重量份溶解0.5~20重量份上述所述的接著改良劑的溶液,以旋轉塗布、浸漬、噴灑塗布、蒸氣處理等進行表面處理。又,亦可將六甲基二矽氮烷蒸氣直接噴霧而進行處理。之後,視需要實施減壓乾燥處理,藉由加熱至50~300℃,進行矽系材料表面與上述接著改良劑之反應。
本發明的樹脂組成物,亦可含有界面活性劑,可提升與基板之塗覆性。作為界面活性劑,可舉出FLUORAD(商品名、住友3M(股)製)、MEGAFAC(註冊商標)(商品名、DIC(股)製)、SULFURON(註冊商標)(商品名、旭硝子(股)製)等之氟系界面活性劑、KP341(商品名、信越化學工業(股)製)、DBE(商品名、CHISSO(股)製)、GLANOL(商品名、共榮社化學(股)製)、BYK(BYK Chemie(股)製)等之有機矽氧烷界面活性劑、PolyFlow(商品名、共榮社化學(股)製)等之丙烯酸聚合物界面活性劑等。
本發明的樹脂組成物,亦可含有熱發色性化合物。熱發色性化合物,利用加熱處理發色,且為在
350nm以上、700nm以下具有吸收極大之熱發色性化合物,更佳為利用加熱處理發色,且為在350nm以上、500nm以下具有吸收極大的熱發色性化合物。熱發色性化合物,可為一般的感熱色素或感壓色素,亦可為其他的化合物。該等之熱發色性化合物,可舉出在因加熱處理時在系統中共存的酸性基之作用,藉由使其化學結構或電荷狀態變化而發色者、或是因空氣中的氧之存在引起熱氧化反應等而發色者等。作為熱發色性化合物的骨架結構,可舉出三芳基甲烷骨架、二芳基甲烷骨架、螢烷骨架、雙內酯骨架、酞內酯(phthalide)骨架、(xanthene)骨架、若丹明內醯胺骨架、茀骨架、啡噻骨架、吩骨架、螺吡喃骨架等。具體而言,可舉出4,4’,4”-參(二甲胺基)三苯基甲烷、4,4’,4”-參(二乙胺基)-2,2’,2”-三甲基三苯基甲烷、2,4’,4”-次甲基參酚、4,4’,4”-次甲基參酚、4,4’-[(4-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙(苯胺)、4,4’-[(4-胺基苯基)亞甲基]雙酚、4,4’-[(4-胺基苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5-二甲酚]、4,4’-[(2-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2,3,6-三甲酚]、4-[雙(4-羥苯基)甲基]-2-甲氧酚、4,4’-[(2-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-甲酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-甲酚]、4-[雙(4-羥苯基)甲基]-2-乙氧酚、4,4’-[(3-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2,6-二甲酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2,6-二甲酚]、2,2’-[(4-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5-二甲酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[2,6-二甲酚]、2,2’-[(2-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2,3,5-三甲酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2,3,6-三甲酚]、4,4’-[(2-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-環己基-5-
甲酚]、4,4’-[(3-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-環己基-5-甲酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-環己基-5-甲酚]、4,4’-[(3-甲氧基-4-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-環己基-5-甲酚]、4,4’-[(3,4-二羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-甲酚]、4,4’-[(3,4-二羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2,6-二甲酚]、4,4’-[(3,4-二羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2,3,6-三甲酚]、4-[雙(3-環己基-4-羥基-6-甲基苯基)甲基]-1,2-苯二醇、4,4’,4”,4'''-(1,2-乙二亞基)肆酚(4,4’,4”,4'''-(1,2-ethanediylidene)tetrakisphenol)、4,4’,4”,4'''-(1,2-乙二亞基)肆[2-甲酚]、4,4’,4”,4'''-(1,2-乙二亞基)肆[2,6-二甲酚]、4,4’,4”,4'''-(1,4-苯二次甲基)肆酚、4,4’,4”,4'''-(1,4-苯二次甲基)肆(2,6-二甲酚)、4,4’-[(2-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[3-甲酚]、2,2’-[(3-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5-二甲酚]、4,4’-[(2-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[2,5-二甲酚]、4,4’-[(2-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[2,6-二甲酚]、2,2’-[(2-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5-二甲酚]、2,2’-[(3-羥基-4-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5-二甲酚]、4,4’-[(2-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-甲基乙酚]、4,4’-[(3-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-甲基乙酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-甲基乙酚]、2,2’-[(3-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5,6-三甲酚]、2,2’-[(4-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5,6-三甲酚]、2,2’-[(4-羥基-3-乙氧苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5-二甲酚]、4,4’-[(2-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-(甲基乙基)酚]、4,4’-[(3-羥基-4-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-(甲基乙基)酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-(甲基乙基)酚]、
2,2’-[(2-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5,6-三甲酚]、2,2’-[(3-羥基-4-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5,6-三甲酚]、2,2’-[(4-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5,6-三甲酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥基-3-乙氧苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-(甲基乙基)酚]、2,2’-[(4-羥基-3-乙氧苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5,6-三甲酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥基-3-乙氧苯基)亞甲基]雙[2,3,6-三甲酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-5-甲酚]、4,4’-[(2-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-環己基酚]、4,4’-[(3-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-環己基酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-環己基酚]、4,4’-[(2-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-環己基酚]、4,4’-[(3-羥基-4-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-環己基酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥基-3-乙氧苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-6-甲酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥基-3-乙氧苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-環己基-5-甲酚]、4,4’,4”-次甲基參[2-環己基-5-甲酚]、2,2’-[(3,4-二羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5-二甲酚]、4,4’-[(3,4-二羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-(甲基乙基)酚]、2,2’-[(3,4-二羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5,6-三甲酚]、4,4’-[(3,4-二羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-環己基酚]、3,3’-[(2-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[5-甲基苯-1,2-二醇]、4,4’-[4-[[雙(4-羥基-2,5-二甲基苯基)甲基]苯基]亞甲基]雙[1,3-苯二醇]、4,4’-亞甲基雙[2-[二(4-羥基-3-甲基苯基)]甲基]酚、4,4’-亞甲基雙[2-[二(4-羥基-2,5-二甲基苯基)]甲基]酚、4,4’-亞甲基雙[2-[二(4-羥基-3,5-二甲基苯基)]甲基]酚、4,4’-亞甲基雙[2-[二(3-環己基-4-羥基-6-甲基苯基)]甲基]酚、4,4’-(3,5-二甲基-4-羥苯基亞甲基)-雙(2,6-二甲
酚)、3,3-雙(p-二甲胺基苯基)-6-二甲胺基酞內酯、3,6-雙(二甲胺基)螢烷-γ-(4’-硝基)-胺基內醯胺、2-(2-氯苯胺基)-6-二乙胺基螢烷、2-(2-氯苯胺基)-6-二丁胺基螢烷、2-N,N-二苯甲胺基-6-二乙胺基螢烷、6-二乙胺基-苯并[a]-螢烷、2,2’-雙(2-氯苯基)-4,4’,5,5’-四苯基-1,2’-雙(咪唑)、1,3-二甲基-6-二乙胺基螢烷、2-苯胺基-3-甲基-6-二丁胺基螢烷、3,7-雙(二甲胺基)-10-苯甲醯基啡噻、3-二乙胺基-6-氯-7-(β-乙氧乙胺基)螢烷、3-二乙胺基-6-甲基-7-苯胺基螢烷、3-三乙胺基-6-甲基-7-苯胺基螢烷、3-環己胺基-6-甲基-7-苯胺基螢烷等。
該等之中,具有三芳基甲烷骨架之含羥基的化合物較佳。具體而言,可舉出2,4’,4”-次甲基參酚、4,4’,4”-次甲基參酚、4,4’-[(4-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙(苯胺)、4,4’-[(4-胺基苯基)亞甲基]雙酚、4,4’-[(4-胺基苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5-二甲酚]、4,4’-[(2-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2,3,6-三甲酚]、4-[雙(4-羥苯基)甲基]-2-甲氧酚、4,4’-[(2-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-甲酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-甲酚]、4-[雙(4-羥苯基)甲基]-2-乙氧酚、4,4’-[(4-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2,6-二甲酚]、2,2’-[(4-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5-二甲酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[2,6-二甲酚]、2,2’-[(2-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2,3,5-三甲酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2,3,6-三甲酚]、4,4’-[(2-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-環己基-5-甲酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-環己基-5-甲酚]、4,4’-[(3-甲氧基-4-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-環己基-5-甲酚]、4,4’-[(3,4-二羥苯
基)亞甲基]雙[2-甲酚]、4,4’-[(3,4-二羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2,6-二甲酚]、4,4’-[(3,4-二羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2,3,6-三甲酚]、4-[雙(3-環己基-4-羥基-6-甲基苯基)甲基]-1,2-苯二醇、4,4’,4”,4'''-(1,2-乙二亞基)肆酚、4,4’,4”,4'''-(1,2-乙二亞基)肆[2-甲酚]、4,4’,4”,4'''-(1,2-乙二亞基)肆[2,6-二甲酚]、4,4’,4”,4'''-(1,4-苯二次甲基)肆酚、4,4’,4”,4'''-(1,4-苯二次甲基)肆(2,6-二甲酚)、4,4’-[(2-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[3-甲酚]、4,4’-[(2-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[2,5-二甲酚]、4,4’-[(2-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[2,6-二甲酚]、2,2’-[(2-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5-二甲酚]、4,4’-[(2-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-甲基乙酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-甲基乙酚]、2,2’-[(4-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5,6-三甲酚]、2,2’-[(4-羥基-3-乙氧苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5-二甲酚]、4,4’-[(2-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-(甲基乙基)酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-(甲基乙基)酚]、2,2’-[(2-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5,6-三甲酚]、2,2’-[(4-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5,6-三甲酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥基-3-乙氧苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-(甲基乙基)酚]、2,2’-[(4-羥基-3-乙氧苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5,6-三甲酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥基-3-乙氧苯基)亞甲基]雙[2,3,6-三甲酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-5-甲酚]、4,4’-[(2-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-環己基酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-環己基酚]、4,4’-[(2-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-環己基酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥基-3-乙氧苯基)亞甲基]雙
[2-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-6-甲酚]、4,4’-[(4-羥基-3-乙氧苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-環己基-5-甲酚]、4,4’,4”-次甲基參[2-環己基-5-甲酚]、2,2’-[(3,4-二羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5-二甲酚]、4,4’-[(3,4-二羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-(甲基乙基)酚]、2,2’-[(3,4-二羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[3,5,6-三甲酚]、4,4’-[(3,4-二羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[2-環己基酚]、3,3’-[(2-羥苯基)亞甲基]雙[5-甲基苯-1,2-二醇]、4,4’-[4-[[雙(4-羥基-2,5-二甲基苯基)甲基]苯基]亞甲基]雙[1,3-苯二醇]、4,4’-亞甲基雙[2-[二(4-羥基-3-甲基苯基)]甲基]酚、4,4’-亞甲基雙[2-[二(4-羥基-2,5-二甲基苯基)]甲基]酚、4,4’-亞甲基雙[2-[二(4-羥基-3,5-二甲基苯基)]甲基]酚、4,4’-亞甲基雙[2-[二(3-環己基-4-羥基-6-甲基苯基)]甲基]酚、4,4’-(3,5-二甲基-4-羥苯基亞甲基)-雙(2,6-二甲酚)等。該等具有三芳基甲烷骨架之含羥基的化合物,熱發色溫度高且耐熱性佳,因此特佳。該等可單獨使用、或混合2種以上而使用。再者,具有三芳基甲烷骨架之含羥基的化合物,亦可在該化合物使萘醌二疊氮之磺酸酯鍵結,作為醌二疊氮化合物使用。
本發明的樹脂組成物中之熱發色性化合物的含量,相對於樹脂100重量份為5~80重量份較佳,特佳為10~60重量份。5重量份以上的話,可使耐熱性被膜的紫外可見光區域中之穿透率下降。又,80重量份以下的話,可維持耐熱性被膜之耐熱性或強度,並減低吸水率。
本發明的樹脂組成物,亦可含有染料及/或有機顏料。作為使用方法,可舉出例如使用1種染料或有機顏料的方法、混合2種以上之染料或有機顏料而使用的方法、組合1種以上之染料與1種以上之有機顏料而使用的方法等,本發明中,宜選擇在436~750nm具有吸收極大之染料及/或有機顏料。
本發明所使用的染料,可溶於溶解本發明的樹脂之有機溶劑且與樹脂相溶較佳。又,耐熱性、耐光性高的染料較佳。作為較佳的染料,可舉出例如油溶性染料、分散染料、反應性染料、酸性染料或直接染料等。作為染料的骨架結構,可舉出蒽醌系、偶氮系、酞菁系、次甲基系、系、喹啉系、三芳基甲烷系等,進一步該等各染料,可單獨使用,也可作為含金屬錯鹽系使用。具體而言,可舉出Sumilan、Lanyl染料(住友化學工業(股)製)、Orasol、Oracet、Filamid、Irgasperse染料(Ciba Specialty Chemicals(股)製)、Zapon、Neozapon、Neptune、Acidol染料(BASF(股)製)、Kayaset、Kayakalan染料(日本化藥(股)製)、Valifast Colors染料(ORIENT CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES(股)製)、Savinyl、Sandoplast、Polysynthren、Lanasyn染料(Clariant Japan(股)製)、Aizen Spilon染料(保土谷化學工業(股)製)、機能性色素(山田化學工業(股)製)、Plast Color染料、Oil Color染料(有本化學工業(股)製)等,但並沒有限定於該等。該等之染料,可單獨使用、或混合2種以上而使用。
本發明所使用的有機顏料,耐熱性及耐光性高的顏料較佳。將使用於本發明之有機顏料的具體例以顏色指數(CI)編號表示。作為紫色顏料之例,可舉出顏料紫19、23、29、32、33、36、37、38等。作為藍色顏料之例,可舉出顏料藍15(15:3、15:4、15:6等)、21、22、60、64等。作為綠色顏料之例,可舉出顏料綠7、10、36、47等。又,也可使用該等以外的顏料。
本發明的樹脂組成物中之有機顏料的含量,相對於樹脂100重量份為1~300重量份較佳,特佳為10~200重量份。使用量成為1重量份以上的話,可吸收對應的波長之光。又,藉由成為300重量份以下,可維持樹脂膜與基板之密合強度或加熱處理後的耐熱性被膜之耐熱性、機械特性,同時吸收對應的波長之光。
在本發明中使用的有機顏料,視需要亦可使用實施松香處理、酸性基處理、鹼性基處理等之表面處理者。又,根據情況也可同時使用分散劑。分散劑,可舉出例如陽離子系、陰離子系、非離子系、兩性、矽酮系、氟系之界面活性劑。
本發明的樹脂組成物,也可含有無機粒子,且可使樹脂膜及其加熱處理後的耐熱性被膜成為高彈性之強韌的膜。作為較佳的無機粒子,可舉出二氧化矽、二氧化鈦、氧化鋁等,但並沒有限定於該等。
本發明的樹脂組成物,可採用將上述樹脂,視需要將溶劑及其他添加劑加入玻璃製的燒瓶或不鏽鋼製的容器,藉由機械攪拌器等進行攪拌溶解的方法、以
超音波溶解的方法、以行星式攪拌脫泡裝置進行攪拌溶解的方法等混合而得到。關於攪拌混合之條件,沒有特別限定。得到的樹脂組成物之黏度為1~10,000mPa.s較佳。又,為了除去異物,亦可將樹脂組成物以0.01μm~5μm之孔隙尺寸的過濾器過濾。過濾器的材質中有聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、耐綸(NY)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)等,但聚乙烯或耐綸較佳。又,在樹脂組成物中含有有機顏料時,使用較該等之粒子徑更大的孔徑之過濾器較佳。
本發明的樹脂組成物,可經由塗布於支撐基板上,並形成塗布膜的步驟、將該塗布膜乾燥,並形成樹脂膜的步驟、將該樹脂膜曝光的步驟、將曝光的樹脂膜顯影的步驟及將顯影的樹脂膜加熱處理的步驟進行圖案形成。
首先,將樹脂組成物塗布於支撐基板上。基板係使用矽晶圓、陶瓷類、砷化鎵、金屬、玻璃、金屬氧化絕緣膜、氮化矽、ITO、IZO、非晶矽、微晶矽、多晶矽、IGZO等,但並沒有限定於該等。
塗布方法,可舉出使用旋轉器的旋轉塗布、噴灑塗布、輥塗布、縫模塗布、噴墨塗布或該等之組合等之方法。塗布膜厚,根據塗布手法、樹脂組成物之固體含量濃度、黏度等而不同,但一般使乾燥後之膜厚成為0.1~150μm而塗布。特別是基板為方型的大型基板時,從塗布膜的膜厚均一性之觀點,宜使用在縫模塗布或縫模塗布後進行旋轉而塗布的方法等。
其次,將塗布樹脂組成物的基板乾燥,得到樹脂膜。乾燥,使用烘箱、熱板、紅外線等,在50℃~150℃的範圍進行1分鐘~數小時較佳。視需要也可在80℃乾燥2分鐘之後,在120℃乾燥2分鐘等,以2階段或其以上的多階段乾燥。乾燥時之壓力,亦可為常壓,但從乾燥後之樹脂膜的膜厚均一性之觀點,宜使用最初於減壓進行乾燥後於常壓進行乾燥的步驟。
其次,在該樹脂膜上通過具有所需的圖案之遮罩照射化學射線。作為在曝光使用的化學射線,可舉出紫外線、可見光線、電子束、X射線等,但本發明中,使用汞燈之i射線(365nm)、h射線(405nm)、g射線(436nm)較佳。
未於樹脂組成物賦予感光性時,有需要進一步在樹脂膜上形成另1層光阻被膜。該光阻中,宜使用OFPR-800(東京應化(股)製)等之一般的酚醛系光阻。光阻被膜之形成係採用與樹脂組成物之形成同樣的方法進行。
在提升顯影時的圖案之解析度,增大顯影條件之容許幅度時,亦可在顯影前導入進行烘烤處理的步驟。作為該溫度,50~180℃的範圍較佳,特別是60~150℃的範圍更佳。時間為10秒~數小時較佳。該範圍內時,有反應良好地進行,且顯影時間也變短的優點。欲由樹脂膜形成樹脂組成物之圖案,係進行顯影處理。樹脂組成物具有負型感光性時,藉由以顯影液除去未曝光部,可得到凸紋圖案,具有正型感光性時,藉由以顯影液除去曝光部,可得到凸紋圖案。
顯影液,可配合樹脂組成物之結構選擇適當者,但尤能適用氨、四甲基銨、二乙醇胺、二乙胺基乙醇、氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鈉、碳酸鉀、三乙胺、二乙基胺、甲胺、二甲基胺、乙酸二甲胺基乙酯、二甲胺基乙醇、甲基丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯、環己胺、乙二胺、己二胺等之顯示鹼性的化合物之水溶液。根據情況,亦可在該等之鹼水溶液添加N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、二甲亞碸、γ-丁內酯、二甲基丙烯醯胺等之極性溶媒、甲醇、乙醇、異丙醇等之醇類、乳酸乙酯、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯等之酯類、環戊酮、環己酮、異丁酮、甲基異丁酮等之酮類等1種以上。
又,尤能適用作為顯影液之將本發明的樹脂組成物之良溶媒的N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮、N-乙醯基-2-吡咯啶酮、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、二甲亞碸、六甲基磷三醯胺等;或樹脂組成物之貧溶媒的甲醇、乙醇、異丙醇、水、甲基卡必醇、乙基卡必醇、甲苯、二甲苯、乳酸乙酯、丙酮酸乙酯、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、丙酸甲基-3-甲氧酯、丙酸乙基-3-乙氧酯、2-庚酮、環戊酮、環己酮、乙酸乙酯等單獨或組合數種的混合液。
顯影,可藉由將上述顯影液直接或使其成為霧狀而放射於樹脂組成物之塗膜面、在顯影液中浸漬、或是一邊浸漬一邊施加超音波等之方法而進行。
接著,利用沖洗液,將藉由顯影形成的凸紋圖案清洗較佳。作為沖洗液,在顯影液使用鹼水溶液時,
尤能適用水。此時,亦可以將乙醇、異丙基醇類、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯等之酯類、碳酸氣體、鹽酸、乙酸等之酸等加入至水的液體進行沖洗處理。
以有機溶媒沖洗時,宜使用與顯影液之混和性良好的甲醇、乙醇、異丙醇、乳酸乙酯、丙酮酸乙酯、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、丙酸甲基-3-甲氧酯、丙酸乙基-3-乙氧酯、2-庚酮、乙酸乙酯等。
未於樹脂組成物賦予感光性時,必須於顯影後進行在樹脂膜上形成的光阻被膜之去除。該去除,大多以利用乾式蝕刻之去除、或利用剝離溶劑之濕式蝕刻等進行。作為上述剝離溶劑,使用丙酮、乙酸丁酯、乳酸乙酯、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、丙酸甲基-3-甲氧酯、丙酸乙基-3-乙氧酯、2-庚酮、乙酸乙酯等之有機溶劑、或氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀之水溶液等,但沒有限定於該等。
使用聚醯亞胺前驅物、聚苯并咪唑前驅物等之利用加熱或觸媒形成環狀結構的樹脂作為樹脂組成物時,為了轉換為具有環狀結構的耐熱樹脂,在顯影後施加150℃~500℃之溫度而轉換為耐熱性被膜。該加熱處理,選擇溫度,階段性地升溫、或選擇某溫度範圍一邊連續地升溫一邊實施5分鐘~5小時較佳。作為一例,可舉出在130℃、200℃、350℃熱處理各30分鐘的方法、由室溫至320℃花費2小時直線地升溫的方法等。又,根據高溫之加熱或其重複,有元件之電氣特性變化的可能、或基板之翹曲變大的可能,因此加熱處理於250℃以下進行較佳。
上述加熱處理於250℃以下進行時,作為樹脂組成物所含的樹脂,較佳使用聚醯亞胺、聚醯胺醯亞胺,進一步較佳為包含通式(4)所示之結構的樹脂。從耐熱性之觀點,最佳為通式(4)所示之聚醯亞胺樹脂。通式(4)所示之聚醯亞胺樹脂,因為已具有環狀結構,所以不需要使加熱處理溫度成為高溫而脫水閉環,因此可於250℃以下之低溫處理為最大的優點。
再者,藉由上述製造方法得到的附耐熱性被膜基板之形成耐熱性被膜的樹脂起因之殘留應力為30MPa以下較佳。更佳為25MPa以下,最佳為15MPa以下。樹脂起因之殘留應力大時,有與包含附耐熱性被膜基板之裝置製造步驟中的良率惡化或製品之可靠性不良相關的可能性。
利用本發明的樹脂組成物形成的耐熱性被膜,可使用於半導體裝置或多層配線板等之電子零件。具體而言,可適當用於半導體之鈍化膜、半導體元件之表面保護膜、層間絕緣膜、高密度安裝用多層配線之層間絕緣膜、有機電場發光元件之絕緣層薄膜電晶體基板的平坦化膜、薄膜電晶體的層間絕緣膜等之用途,但並沒有限制於前述,可採取各式各樣的結構。又,樹脂組成物含有導電性填料時,也可作為配線材料使用。
其次,關於使用本發明的樹脂組成物之對具有凸塊的半導體裝置之應用例,使用圖式進行說明。第1圖為本發明之具有凸塊的半導體裝置之墊部分的擴大剖面圖。如第1圖所示,矽晶圓1上,於輸出入用之Al
墊2上形成鈍化膜3,並於其鈍化膜3形成通孔。再者,於其上形成利用本發明的樹脂組成物之圖案(絕緣膜)4,並且,使金屬(Cr、Ti、Ni、TiW等)膜5、及金屬(Cu、Au等)配線6依序與Al墊2連接而形成,且於其上形成第2層的絕緣膜7。其絕緣膜7,在焊料凸塊10之周邊開口,將各墊間絕緣。在絕緣的墊上形成障壁金屬8與焊料凸塊10。導入本發明的樹脂組成物時,晶圓之翹曲小,因此可以高精度進行曝光或晶圓之運送。又,本發明的樹脂,因為機械特性也佳,所以安裝時也可緩和來自密封樹脂的應力,因此防止low-k層之損壞而可提供高可靠性的半導體裝置。
其次,關於具有凸塊的半導體裝置之詳細的作成方法係記於第2圖。在2a塗布本發明的樹脂組成物,經由光微影步驟形成絕緣膜4。接著,在2b將金屬膜5以濺鍍法形成,在2c將金屬配線6以電鍍法形成。其次,在2d再度塗布本發明的樹脂組成物,經由光微影步驟,形成如2e所示的絕緣膜7。形成3層以上之多層配線結構時,重複進行上述步驟而可形成各層。
接著,如2f及2g所示,形成障壁金屬8、焊料凸塊10。然後,最後沿著切割道(scribe line)9進行切割,切開成每一個晶片。在該一連串之作成過程,樹脂起因之應力低的話,與減低基板之翹曲、提升半導體裝置之良率、提升可靠性相關,因此非常理想。
其次,關於使用本發明的樹脂組成物之對晶片積層型的半導體裝置之應用例,使用圖式進行說明。
第3圖及第4圖為本發明之晶片積層型的半導體裝置之電極部分的擴大剖面圖。如第3圖所示,矽晶圓11上,於輸出入用之Al墊12上形成鈍化膜13,並於其鈍化膜13形成通孔。再者,於其上形成利用本發明的樹脂組成物之圖案(絕緣膜)14,使該等晶片介由如晶粒接著薄膜之類的接著薄膜15積層為多層,由Al墊以金屬線(Cu、Au等)16連接至外部端子。又,如第4圖所示,在矽晶圓21中形成貫穿電極22與在其兩端於輸出入用的墊(Al、Cu等)23上形成鈍化膜24,並於該鈍化膜24形成通孔。再者,在其上形成利用本發明的樹脂組成物之圖案(絕緣膜)25,並依序形成障壁金屬26與焊料凸塊27。該等晶片介由如晶粒接著薄膜之類的接著薄膜28垂直地積層。導入本發明的樹脂組成物時,晶圓之翹曲小,因此可以高精度進行曝光或晶圓之運送。又,本發明的樹脂,因為機械特性也佳,所以安裝時也可緩和來自密封樹脂的應力,因此防止損壞low-k層之損壞而可提供高可靠性的半導體裝置。
其次,關於晶片積層型的半導體裝置之詳細的作成方法係記於第5圖及第6圖。在5a將本發明的樹脂組成物塗布於附有墊的裝置基板,經由光微影步驟形成如5b所示的圖案(絕緣膜14)。接著,視需要將基板研磨並薄化,在5c沿著切割道9切割,切開成每一個晶片。在5d使切開的晶片露出墊而介由接著薄膜15積層。在5e由露出的電極以金屬線與外部連接。在該一連串之作成過程,樹脂起因之應力低的話,與減低基板之翹曲、
提升半導體裝置之良率、提升可靠性相關,因此非常理想。
又,如6a所示,將本發明的樹脂組成物塗布於貫穿電極與附有墊的裝置基板,且經由光微影步驟形成如6b所示之圖案(絕緣膜25)。接著,如6c所示,沿著切割道29切割,切開成每一個晶片。其次,如6d所示,形成障壁金屬26、焊料凸塊27。如6e所示,使切開的晶片與貫穿電極垂直排列,介由接著薄膜28積層。在該一連串之作成過程,樹脂起因之應力低的話,與減低基板之翹曲、提升半導體裝置之良率、提升可靠性相關,因此非常理想。
又,由本發明的樹脂組成物得到之耐熱性被膜,可適當用於作為依序具有形成TFT(薄膜電晶體)的基板、平坦化膜及顯示元件的顯示裝置之平坦化膜。作為該構成的顯示裝置,可舉出液晶顯示裝置或有機EL顯示裝置等。主動式矩陣型的顯示裝置,在玻璃或各種塑膠等之基板上具有TFT及位於TFT之側向部且與TFT連接的配線,於其上覆蓋凹凸而具有平坦化膜,並且在平坦化膜上設置顯示元件。顯示元件與配線係介由在平坦化膜形成的接觸孔連接。在第7圖表示TFT基板的剖面圖。在基板36上設置底部閘極型或頂部閘極型之TFT31為行列狀,並以覆蓋該TFT31的狀態形成絕緣膜33。又,在該絕緣膜33上設置連接於TFT31的配線32。再者,在絕緣膜33上以埋入配線32的狀態設置平坦化膜34。平坦化膜34中係設置到達配線32的接觸孔37。
然後,介由該接觸孔37,以連接於配線32的狀態,在平坦化膜34上形成ITO(透明電極)35。在此,ITO35係成為顯示元件(例如有機EL元件)的電極。該有機EL元件,亦可為由與基板36相反側放出發光光的頂部發射型,也可為由基板36側取出光的底部發射型,但較佳為頂部發射型。如前述進行,得到在各有機EL元件連接用以驅動其之TFT31的主動式矩陣型之有機EL顯示裝置。
其次,在本發明中說明下述通式(10)表示的5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物。
上述通式(10)中,R28與R33相同,獨立地選自經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷氧基、羥基、鹵化烷基、經取代或未經取代之胺基、經取代或未經取代之醯胺基、經取代或未經取代之C6~C30的芳基、經取代或未經取代之C4~C30的雜環芳基、酯基或硝基中之1種。R29與R32相同,R30與R31相同,且選自氫、鹵素、經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷氧基、羥基、
鹵化烷基、經取代或未經取代之胺基、經取代或未經取代之醯胺基、經取代或未經取代之C6~C30的芳基、經取代或未經取代之C4~C30的雜環芳基、酯基或硝基中之1種,其中之取代基可各自相同,亦可不同,且表示鹵素、三氟甲基、三甲基矽基、C1~C6的烷氧基、C1~C6的烷基、芳烷氧基、C6~C30的芳基、或C4~C30的雜環基中之1種或多種。
前述記載的R28及R33中,經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷基為C1~C6的直鏈烷基、C1~C6的側鏈烷基或C1~C6的環烷基較佳,且甲基、三氟甲基、乙基、三氟乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、二級丁基、三級丁基、正戊基、異戊基、新戊基、正己基或環己基等更佳。前述經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷氧基,藉由醚基鍵結之C1~C6的直鏈烷基、C1~C6的側鏈烷基或C1~C6的環烷基較佳,且甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、二級丁氧基、三級丁氧基、正戊氧基、正己氧基或環己氧基更佳。前述鹵化烷基為三氟甲基、三氟乙基、三氯甲基、三氯乙基、三溴甲基、三溴乙基或三碘甲基等較佳,三氟甲基或三氟乙基更佳。前述經取代或未經取代之胺基為第一胺基、第二胺基或第三胺基較佳;胺基可利用1種或2種的基而取代;取代基可相同亦可不同,為C1~C6的烷基、C6~C30的芳基、或C6~C30的雜芳基較佳;胺基、甲胺基、乙胺基、二甲胺基、苯胺基、苯甲胺基、吡啶胺基或呋喃基胺基更佳。前述經取代或未經取代之醯胺基為烷基醯胺基、芳基醯
胺基、或烷氧基醯胺基等較佳,其中之取代基亦可與羰基連接,也可與胺基連接,且甲醯胺、乙醯胺、苯并醯胺、第三丁氧基醯胺、苯甲氧基羰基胺基、丙基乙醯胺、或乙醯苯胺等更佳。前述經取代或未經取代之C6~C30的芳基為苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、芘基、聯苯基、或三聯苯基等之經取代或未經取代之芳香族烴基較佳。前述經取代或未經取代之C4~C30的雜環芳基為呋喃基或吡啶基較佳,前述酯基為烷氧基碳酸酯基,其中之烷氧基,沒有特別限定,甲氧基碳酸酯、乙氧基碳酸酯、丙氧基碳酸酯、丁氧基碳酸酯、三級丁氧基碳酸酯、苯甲氧基碳酸酯、或茀基甲氧基碳酸酯等較佳。
在前述記載的R29、R30、R31及R32中,前述鹵素為氟、氯或碘較佳,前述經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷基、前述經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷氧基、前述鹵化烷基、前述經取代或未經取代之胺基、前述經取代或未經取代之醯胺基、前述經取代或未經取代之C6~C30的芳基、前述經取代或未經取代之C4~C30的雜環芳基、及前述酯基全部與前述相同。
在前述取代基中,前述鹵素為氟、氯或碘較佳。前述C1~C6的烷氧基為藉由醚基鍵結之C1~C6的直鏈烷基、C1~C6的側鏈烷基或C1~C6的環烷基較佳,甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、二級丁氧基、三級丁氧基、正戊氧基、正己氧基或環己氧基更佳。前述C1~C6的烷基為C1~C6的直鏈烷基、C1~C6的側鏈烷基或C1~C6的環烷基較佳,甲基、三
氟甲基、乙基、三氟乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、二級丁基、三級丁基、正戊基、異戊基、新戊基、正己基或環己基等更佳。前述芳基烷氧基為苯甲氧基、萘基甲氧基、蒽基甲氧基、茀基甲氧基、3,5-二三級丁基苯基-1-異丙氧基、苯基乙氧基、萘基乙氧基、或聯苯胺-3-甲氧基等較佳,苯甲氧基或茀基甲氧基更佳。
前述C6~C30的芳基為苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、芘基、聯苯基、或三聯苯基等之可取代的芳香族烴基較佳,前述C4~C30的雜芳基為吡啶基、咔唑基、咪唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、唑基、吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基較佳。
在前述記載的R29、R30、R31及R32中,R29、R30、R31及R32為氫較佳。
本發明係進一步說明5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物之製造方法。首先,藉由將通式(11)所示之4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物進行溴化反應而得到通式(12)所示之5,5’-二溴-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物。
上述通式(11)中,R34與R39相同,且各自獨立地選自經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷氧基、羥基、鹵化烷基、經取代或未經取代之胺基、經取代或未經取代之醯胺基、經取代或未經取代之C6~C30的芳基、經取代或未經取代之C4~C30的雜環芳基、酯基或硝基中之1種。R35與R38相同,R36與R37相同,且各自獨立地選自氫、鹵素、經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷氧基、羥基、鹵化烷基、經取代或未經取代之胺基、經取代或未經取代之醯胺基、經取代或未經取代之C6~C30的芳基、經取代或未經取代之C4~C30的雜環芳基、酯基或硝基中之1種。
上述通式(12)中,R40與R45相同,且各自獨立地選自經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷氧基、羥基、鹵化烷基、經取代或未經取代之胺基、經取代或未經取代之醯胺基、經取代或未經取代之C6~C30的芳基、經取代或未經取代之
C4~C30的雜環芳基、酯基或硝基中之1種。R41與R44相同,R42與R43相同,且各自選自氫、鹵素、經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷氧基、羥基、鹵化烷基、經取代或未經取代之胺基、經取代或未經取代之醯胺基、經取代或未經取代之C6~C30的芳基、經取代或未經取代之C4~C30的雜環芳基、酯基或硝基中之1種。
取代基可相同亦可不同,且各自獨立地表示鹵素、三氟甲基、三甲基矽基、C1~C6的烷氧基、C1~C6的烷基、芳烷氧基、C6~C30的芳基、或C4~C30的雜環基中之1種或多種。
在前述記載的R34與R39、R40與R45中,前述經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷基、前述經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷氧基、前述鹵化烷基、前述經取代或未經取代之胺基、前述經取代或未經取代之醯胺基、前述經取代或未經取代之C6~C30的芳基、前述經取代或未經取代之C4~C30的雜環芳基、及前述酯基全部與前述相同。
在前述記載的R35、R36、R37及R38、前述記載的R41、R42、R43及R44中,前述鹵素為氟、氯或碘較佳。前述經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷基、前述經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷氧基、前述鹵化烷基、前述經取代或未經取代之胺基、前述經取代或未經取代之醯胺基、前述經取代或未經取代之C6~C30的芳基、前述經取代或未經取代之C4~C30的雜環芳基、及前述酯基全部與前述相同。
在前述記載的取代基中,前述鹵素、前述經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷氧基、前述經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷基、前述芳基烷氧基、前述C6~C30的芳基、前述C4~C30的雜環基全部與前述相同。
在前述製造方法中,前述R35、R36、R37及R38為氫,且前述R41、R42、R43及R44為氫較佳。
在前述溴化反應使用的反應溶媒為非質子性有機溶媒較佳,乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙二醇二甲醚、四氫呋喃、1,4-二烷或前述溶媒的混合溶媒中之1種或多種更佳。
在溴化反應使用的溴化溶媒為液態溴或NBS較佳。在溴化反應過程中,反應溫度為-30℃~60℃間較佳,-20℃~60℃更佳。反應時間為1h~48h較佳,從反應速度及工業化成本之觀點,1h~12h更佳。
本發明進一步藉由將前述製造方法所得到的通式(12)所示之5,5’-二溴-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物,使用酸酐或醯氯進行醯胺化反應而得到通式(13)所示之5,5’-二溴-4,4’-二醯胺聯苯衍生物。
上述通式(13)中,R46與R51相同,且各自獨立地選自經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷氧基、羥基、鹵化烷基、經取代或未經取代之胺基、經取代或未經取代之醯胺基、經取代或未經取代之C6~C30的芳基、經取代或未經取代之C4~C30的雜環芳基、酯基或硝基中之1種。R47與R50相同,R48與R49相同,且各自獨立地選自氫、鹵素、經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷氧基、羥基、鹵化烷基、經取代或未經取代之胺基、經取代或未經取代之醯胺基、經取代或未經取代之C6~C30的芳基、經取代或未經取代之C4~C30的雜環芳基、酯基或硝基中之1種。其中之取代基可各自相同,亦可不同,且各自獨立地表示鹵素、三氟甲基、三甲基矽基、C1~C6的烷氧基、C1~C6的烷基、芳烷氧基、C6~C30的芳基、或C4~C30的雜環基中之1種或多種,R52選自經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷基或經取代或未經取代的芳基中之1種。前述R52的取代基為甲基、磺酸基、氟原子、胺基或甲氧基中之1種或多種。
在前述記載的R46及R51中,前述經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷基、前述經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷氧基、前述鹵化烷基、前述經取代或未經取代之胺基、前述經取代或未經取代之醯胺基、前述經取代或未經取代之C6~C30的芳基、前述經取代或未經取代之C4~C30的雜環芳基、及前述酯基全部與前述相同。
前述記載的R47、R48、R49及R50中,前述鹵素為氟、氯或碘較佳,前述經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷基、前述經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷氧基、前述鹵化烷基、前述經取代或未經取代之胺基、前述經取代或未經取代之醯胺基、前述經取代或未經取代之C6~C30的芳基、前述經取代或未經取代之C4~C30的雜環芳基、及前述酯基全部與前述相同。
在前述記載的取代基中,前述鹵素、前述C1~C6的烷氧基、前述C1~C6的烷基、前述芳基烷氧基、前述C6~C30的芳基、前述C4~C30的雜環基全部與前述相同。
在前述記載的R52中,前述經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷基為經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的直鏈烷基、C1~C6的側鏈烷基或C1~C6的環烷基較佳,甲基、三氟甲基、乙基、三氟乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、二級丁基、三級丁基、正戊基、異戊基、新戊基、正己基或環己基等更佳,前述R52的取代基為甲基、磺酸基、氟原子、胺基或甲氧基中之1種或多種更佳。
前述經取代或未經取代之芳基為經取代或未經取代之苯基、經取代或未經取代之萘基、經取代或未經取代之蒽基、經取代或未經取代之菲基、經取代或未經取代之芘基、經取代或未經取代之聯苯基較佳。苯基、p-甲基苯基、o-甲基苯基、m-甲基苯基、磺苯基、p-甲氧基苯基或p-氟苯基等較佳,前述R52的取代基為甲基、磺酸基、氟原子、胺基或甲氧基中之1種或多種較佳。
在前述記載的R47、R48、R49及R50中,R47、R48、R49及R50為氫較佳。
前述酸酐具有通式(R52CO)2O,從工業化成本之觀點,前述酸酐為乙酸酐、安息香酸酐、或三氟乙酸酐較佳。前述醯氯具有通式R52COCl,前述R25與前述相同;從工業化成本之觀點,前述醯氯為乙醯氯、丙酸氯化物、己醯氯、苯甲醯氯、或三甲基乙醯氯較佳。
前述醯胺化反應的溫度為0℃~80℃較佳,10℃~40℃更佳,使用之醯胺反應的溶媒為非質子性溶媒,且四氫呋喃或二氯甲烷更佳。反應時間為1h~48h較佳,從反應速度及工業化成本之觀點,1h~12h更佳。
在本發明中,進一步藉由將前述製造方法所得之通式(13)所示的5,5’-二溴-4,4’-二醯胺聯苯衍生物,於觸媒及無機鹼的作用下進行反應而得到通式(14)所示之6,6’-二苯并唑衍生物。
上述通式(14)中,R54與R59相同,且各自獨立地選自經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷氧基、羥基、鹵化烷基、經取代或未經取代之胺基、經取代或未經取代之醯胺基、經取代或未經取代之C6~C30的芳基、經取代或未經取代之C4~C30的雜環芳基、酯基或硝基中之1種。R55與R58相同,R56與R57相同,且各自獨立地選自氫、鹵素、經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷氧基、羥基、鹵化烷基、經取代或未經取代之胺基、經取代或未經取代之醯胺基、經取代或未經取代之C6~C30的芳基、經取代或未經取代之C4~C30的雜環芳基、酯基或硝基中之1種。其中之取代基可相同,亦可不同,且各自獨立地表示鹵素、三氟甲基、三甲基矽基、C1~C6的烷氧基、C1~C6的烷基、芳烷氧基、C6~C30的芳基、或C4~C30的雜環基中之1種或多種,R60選自可取代之C1~C6的烷基或可取代的芳基中之1種。該R60中的取代基為甲基、磺酸基、氟原子、胺基或甲氧基中之1種或多種。
在前述記載的R54及R59中,前述經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷基、前述經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷氧基、前述鹵化烷基、前述經取代或未經取代之胺基、前述經取代或未經取代之醯胺基、前述經取代或未經取代之C6~C30的芳基、前述經取代或未經取代之C4~C30的雜環芳基、及前述酯基全部與前述相同。
在前述記載的R55、R56、R57及R58中,前述鹵素為氟、氯或碘較佳,前述經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷基、前述經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷氧基、前述鹵化烷基、前述經取代或未經取代之胺基、前述經取代或未經取代之醯胺基、前述經取代或未經取代之C6~C30的芳基、前述經取代或未經取代之C4~C30的雜環芳基、及前述酯基全部與前述相同。
在前述記載的取代基中,前述鹵素、前述C1~C6的烷氧基、前述C1~C6的烷基、前述芳基烷氧基、前述C6~C30的芳基、前述C4~C30的雜環基全部與前述相同。
在前述記載的R60中,前述經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的烷基為經取代或未經取代之C1~C6的直鏈烷基、C1~C6的側鏈烷基或C1~C6的環烷基較佳,甲基、三氟甲基、乙基、三氟乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、二級丁基、三級丁基、正戊基、異戊基、新戊基、正己基或環己基等更佳。前述R60的取代基為甲基、磺酸基、氟原子、胺基或甲氧基中之1種或多種更佳。
前述經取代或未經取代之芳基為經取代或未經取代之苯基、經取代或未經取代之萘基、經取代或未經取代之蒽基、經取代或未經取代之菲基、經取代或未經取代之芘基、經取代或未經取代之聯苯基較佳。苯基、p-甲基苯基、o-甲基苯基、m-甲基苯基、磺苯基、p-甲氧基苯基或p-氟苯基等較佳,前述R60的取代基為甲基、磺酸基、氟原子、胺基或甲氧基中之1種或多種較佳。
在前述記載的R55、R56、R57及R58中,R55、R56、R57及R58為氫較佳。
前述觸媒中至少含有銅觸媒,可含有配位子或也可未含有,其中,銅觸媒為碘化銅(I)、氧化銅(I)、乙酸銅(I)或氰化銅(I)較佳,碘化銅(I)或氧化銅(I)更佳,其中,配位子為N,N’-二甲基乙二胺、乙二胺、乙二醇或1,10-鄰啡啉較佳,N,N’-二甲基乙二胺更佳,觸媒反應過程的無機鹼為碳酸鉀或磷酸鉀中之1種或多種較佳,其反應溫度為100℃~140℃較佳。
使用的溶媒為高沸點有機溶媒較佳,甲苯或二甲苯更佳。
本發明進一步藉由將前述製造方法所得之6,6’-二苯并唑衍生物,於酸性條件下進行開環反應而得到前述5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物。
前述酸性條件為無機強酸較佳,前述無機強酸為鹽酸、硫酸、乙酸、磷酸、硝酸或蟻酸較佳;從工業化成本之觀點,鹽酸或硫酸更佳。在前述開環反應使用的溶媒為質子性溶媒,且乙醇、甲醇、異丙醇或水較佳;從工業化成本之觀點,乙醇或水更佳。
如前述,本發明係關於1類的5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物及其工業化製造方法,且製造方法之反應產率高,後處理為簡單且生產成本低。利用本發明製造的5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物,可使用於聚醯亞胺樹脂、薄膜、液晶材料、半導體、或平面面板型顯示器等之電子用材料或藥物中間物之領域。
其次,說明本發明的二溴聯苯衍生物。
關於二溴聯苯衍生物之合成方法,前述反應係將具有通式(15)所記載之結構的聯苯類化合物作為原料,未使用其他的反應劑(觸媒等),在僅有非質子性溶媒及溴化試劑的反應條件下,得到具有通式(16)所記載之結構的二溴聯苯類衍生物。該方法,反應產率高,後處理為簡便,且溶媒回收利用良好,相對於環境之汙染小,容易實現量產化。
上述通式(15)、(16)中,R61及R62可各自相同,亦可不同。選自氫、鹵素、C1~C6的烷基、C1~C6的烷氧基、羥基、鹵化烷基、經取代或未經取代之胺基、經取代或未經取代之醯胺基、經取代或未經取代之C6~C30的芳基、酯基或硝基中之1種。R3及R4可各自相
同,亦可不同。選自C1~C6的烷基、C1~C6的烷氧基、羥基、經取代或未經取代之芳基、經取代或未經取代之胺基、經取代或未經取代之醯胺基、經取代或未經取代之醯亞胺基、經取代或未經取代之磺胺基、經取代或未經取代之亞磺醯胺基、或經取代或未經取代之芳香族雜環基中之1種。其中之取代基可各自相同,亦可不同,且表示三氟甲基、三甲基矽基、C1~C6的烷氧基、C1~C6的烷基、芳烷氧基、C6~C30的芳基、或雜環基中之1種或多種。
在前述R61及R62中,前述鹵素為氟、氯或溴較佳,氟或氯更佳。
前述C1~C6的烷基為C1~C6的直鏈烷基、C1~C6的側鏈烷基或C1~C6的環烷基較佳,甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、二級丁基、三級丁基、正戊基、異戊基、新戊基、環戊基、正己基、或環己基等之C1~C6的飽和脂肪族烴基更佳。前述C1~C6的烷氧基為C1~C6的直鏈烷氧基、C1~C6的側鏈烷氧基或C1~C6的環烷氧基較佳。甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、異丁氧基、三級丁氧基、正戊氧基、異戊氧基、新戊氧基、正己氧基、環戊氧基、或環己氧基等更佳。
前述鹵化烷基為三氟甲基、三氟乙基、氯甲基、二氯甲基、三氯甲基、二氯乙基、四氯乙基、溴甲基、或溴乙基等較佳,三氟甲基或三氟乙基更佳,三氟甲基進一步較佳。前述經取代或未經取代之胺基為第一胺基、第二胺基、第三胺基較佳;胺基可利用1種或2
種的基而取代;胺基中的取代基可相同亦可不同。取代基為直鏈烷基、側鏈烷基、環烷基、鹵化烷基、芳烷氧基、芳基、雜芳基或雜環式基等較佳。胺基、甲胺基、乙胺基、丙胺基、丁胺基、戊胺基、己胺基、異丙胺基、正丁胺基、環戊胺基、環己胺基、二甲胺基、三氟甲胺基、苯胺基、萘胺基、蒽胺基、菲胺基、芘胺基、苯甲胺基、吡啶胺基、呋喃胺基、吡喃酮胺基、咔唑基胺基、噻吩胺基、或喹啉胺基等更佳,胺基進一步較佳。前述經取代或未經取代之醯胺基為烷基醯胺基、鹵化烷基醯胺基、芳基烷氧基醯胺基、雜環式基醯胺基、芳基醯胺基、或烷氧基醯胺基等較佳。其中之取代基亦可與羰基連接,也可與胺基連接,且乙醯胺、丙醯胺、丁胺基、戊醯胺、己醯胺、三氟甲醯胺、三級丁氧化醯胺、苯并醯胺、萘醯胺、雙苯并醯胺、苯甲氧基醯胺、吡啶甲醯胺、呋喃甲醯胺、噻吩甲醯胺、乙醯丙胺、或乙醯苯胺更佳。乙醯胺、三級丁氧化醯胺、或苯甲氧基醯胺等進一步較佳。前述經取代或未經取代之芳基,其中之取代基沒有特別限定,但苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、芘基、聯苯基、或三聯苯基等之芳香族烴基較佳,前述酯基為經取代或未經取代之烷氧基碳酸酯基較佳,甲氧基碳酸酯、乙氧基碳酸酯、丙氧基碳酸酯、丁氧基碳酸酯、三級丁氧化碳酸酯、苯甲氧基碳酸酯、或茀基甲氧基碳酸酯等更佳。
在前述R63及R64中,關於前述C1~C6的烷基、前述C1~C6的烷氧基、前述經取代或未經取代之芳
基、前述經取代或未經取代之胺基、前述經取代或未經取代之醯胺基、取代基的說明係如上述。
前述經取代或未經取代之醯亞胺基為C1~C6的烷基醯亞胺基、C1~C6的鹵化烷基醯亞胺基、C1~C6的烷氧基醯亞胺基、C6~C30的芳基醯亞胺基、或芳基烷氧基醯亞胺基、或雜環醯亞胺基等較佳,鄰苯二甲醯亞胺、琥珀醯亞胺、二三級丁氧化二羧基醯亞胺、或二苯甲氧基二羧基醯亞胺等更佳。前述經取代或未經取代之磺胺基為C1~C6的烷基磺胺基、C1~C6的鹵化烷基磺胺基、C1~C6的芳基磺胺基、或雜環磺胺基等較佳,甲磺醯胺、三氟甲基磺胺、苯磺醯胺、或p-甲苯磺醯胺等更佳。前述經取代或未經取代之亞磺醯胺基為C1~C6的烷基亞磺醯胺基、C1~C6的鹵化烷基亞磺醯胺基、C1~C6的芳基亞磺醯胺基、或雜環亞磺醯胺基等較佳,甲基亞磺醯胺、三氟甲基亞磺醯胺、苯基亞磺醯胺、p-甲苯亞磺醯胺、或三級丁基亞磺醯胺等更佳。前述經取代或未經取代之芳香族雜環基為在1個或多個環內具有碳以外之雜原子的環狀芳香族基較佳,亦可經取代或未經取代。對於芳香族雜環之碳原子數,沒有特別限定,但碳原子數2~30的芳香族雜環基較佳,且吡咯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、喹啉基、吡基、咔唑基、吲哚基、或鄰苯二甲醯亞胺基等之含氮的芳香族雜環基較佳,鄰苯二甲醯亞胺基更佳。
在前述取代基中,前述C1~C6的烷氧基為C1~C6的直鏈烷氧基、C1~C6的側鏈烷氧基或C1~C6的環烷氧基較佳,甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、異丙氧基、正
丁氧基、異丁氧基、三級丁氧基、正戊氧基、異戊氧基、新戊氧基、正己氧基、或環己氧基更佳。前述C1~C6的烷基為C1~C6的直鏈烷基、C1~C6的側鏈烷基或C1~C6的環烷基較佳,甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、二級丁基、三級丁基、正戊基、異戊基、新戊基、環戊基、正己基、或環己基等之C1~C6的飽和脂肪族烴基更佳。前述芳烷氧基為苯甲氧基、萘甲氧基、蒽基甲氧基、茀基甲氧基、3,5-二三級丁基苯基-1-異丙氧基、苯基乙氧基、萘基乙氧基、或聯苯胺-3-甲氧基等較佳,苯甲氧基或茀基甲氧基更佳。
前述C6~C30的芳基為苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、芘基、聯苯基、或三聯苯基等之芳香族烴基較佳。
前述雜環基為吡啶基、咔唑基、咪唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、唑基、吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、噻基、嘧啶基、喹啉基、異喹啉基、吡唑基、咪唑基、噻唑基、吡喃基、哌基、吩基、啡噻基、嗒基、四氫呋喃基、二烷基、鄰苯二甲醯亞胺基、或琥珀醯亞胺基等較佳,鄰苯二甲醯亞胺基、或琥珀醯亞胺基等更佳。
從原料工業化生產的難易度之觀點,R61及R62可各自相同,亦可不同,且選自鹵素、C1~C6的烷基、C1~C6的烷氧基、鹵化烷基、酯基或硝基中之1種較佳。從原料成本之觀點,鹵化烷基為三氟甲基、或三氟乙基中之1種較佳,C1~C6的烷基為甲基更佳,C1~C6的烷氧基為甲氧基更佳。
從原料的取得容易性及溴化反應的選擇性之觀點,R63及R64可各自相同,亦可不同,且選自經取代或未經取代之胺基、經取代或未經取代之醯胺基、經取代或未經取代之醯亞胺基、經取代或未經取代之磺胺基、經取代或未經取代之亞磺醯胺基、或經取代或未經取代之芳香族雜環基中之1種較佳。從原料成本之觀點,各自獨立為胺基、乙醯胺基、三級丁氧化醯胺、苯甲氧基醯胺基、二三級丁氧化二羧基醯亞胺基、二苯甲氧基二羧基醯亞胺基、或鄰苯二甲醯亞胺基中之1種更佳。
以下詳細地說明本發明所使用的溶媒。本發明所使用的非質子性溶媒係包含烷類溶媒(例如環己烷、正己烷、正戊烷等)、芳烴類溶媒(例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯等)、鹵烷類溶媒(例如二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、二氯乙烷、四氯乙烷等)、酯類溶媒(例如乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸丙二醇甲醚等)、醚類溶媒(例如乙醚、四氫呋喃、1,4-二烷等)、酮類(丙酮、丁酮、甲基乙酮等)、或其他的種類之非質子性溶媒(例如N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N-甲基吡咯啶酮、乙腈、二甲亞碸等)中之1種或多種,酯類溶媒、醚類溶媒、芳烴類溶媒或以上的溶媒中之1種或多種較佳。從原料的溶解性及反應的安定性之觀點,酯類溶媒、醚類溶媒或其混合物更佳,從溶媒的溶解性及價格的總合性觀點,乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸丙二醇甲醚、二醇二甲醚、四氫呋喃、或1,4-二烷等、或上述混合溶媒中之1種或多種進一步較佳。
以下詳細地說明本發明所使用的溴化溶媒。在本發明使用的溴化溶媒係選自以下試劑中之1種或多種。
從溴化試劑的價格、安全性及操作簡便性之觀點,NBS或Br2較佳,並且Br2更佳。本發明中的原料聯苯類化合物與溴化試劑之莫耳比為1:2~1:6,從原料的價格、產量及後處理之難易度的總合性觀點,原料聯苯類化合物與溴化試劑之莫耳比為1:2~1:3較佳。
本發明的原料聯苯類化合物之莫耳濃度為0.05mol/L~5mol/L較佳,從溶解度及溶媒的成本之觀點,原料聯苯類化合物的莫耳濃度為0.2moL/L~2moL/L更佳。
本發明中的反應溫度為-30℃~60℃較佳,從量產成本之觀點,-20℃~60℃更佳。本發明中的反應時間為1h~48h較佳,從反應速度及量產的成本之觀點,1h~12h更佳。
在本發明的後處理添加鹼,且調節pH時,使用的鹼為無機鹼較佳,從量產的成本之觀點,碳酸鈉、碳酸鉀、碳酸鈣、碳酸氫鈉、碳酸氫鉀、氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、氫氧化鈣、或氫氧化鋰等較佳。
在本發明的後處理使用有機溶媒進行萃取時,從溶媒的成本及溶解性之觀點,乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、二氯甲烷、或甲苯等較佳。
在將本發明的半成品精製時,從溶媒的成本及溶解性之觀點,使用的溶媒為石油醚、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、甲苯、二甲苯、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、乙腈、乙醇、甲醇、異丙醇、乙酸丙二醇甲醚、二醇二甲醚、乙醚、四氫呋喃、或1,4-二烷等之溶媒中之1種或多種較佳。
以下依(1)樹脂、感光性樹脂組成物、(2)5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物、(3)二溴聯苯衍生物之順序舉出實施例等說明本發明,但本發明並沒有限定於該等之例。
實施例中的樹脂及樹脂組成物之評價係利用以下的方法進行。
使用DAINIPPON SCREEN製造(股)製Lambda Ace STM-602,將折射率設為1.629而測定樹脂膜、加熱硬化後之被膜。
將樹脂溶液旋轉塗布於8吋的矽晶圓上,接著,以120℃的熱板(使用Tokyo Electron(股)製之塗布顯影裝置Act-8)烘烤3分鐘,得到樹脂膜。
將該樹脂膜,使用惰性烘箱(inert oven)CLH-21CD-S(Koyo Thermo Systems(股)製),在氧濃度20ppm以下以5℃/分鐘升溫直到250℃,在250℃進行加熱處理1小時後,以5℃/min冷卻直到50℃。接著,在氫氟酸浸漬1~4分鐘,將膜自基板剝離,進行風乾而得到加熱處理後之被膜。旋轉塗布時的旋轉數,進行調整使加熱處理後之樹脂膜厚成為10μm。
關於加熱處理後之被膜,使用熱機械分析裝置(SII NanoTechnology(股)製EXSTAR6000 TMA/SS6000),
在氮氣流下進行測定。升溫方法係以下述的條件進行。在第1階段以升溫速率5℃/min升溫直到200℃,除去試料之吸附水,在第2階段以降溫速率5℃/min氣冷直到室溫。在第3階段以升溫速率5℃/min進行本測定,求出50℃~200℃的熱線膨脹係數之平均值。
但是,僅對於後述之樹脂(D1)~(D5),對於在250℃加熱處理1小時者、及在320℃加熱處理1小時者各自測定。
將樹脂溶液,使用MIKASA(股)製之旋塗機MS-A200旋轉塗布於50mm×50mm×0.7mm厚的玻璃基板(旭硝子(股)製AN-100),接著,以120℃的熱板(使用DAINIPPON SCREEN(股)製熱板D-SPIN)烘烤3分鐘,得到樹脂膜。旋轉塗布時的旋轉數,進行調整使樹脂膜厚成為10μm。
對於得到的樹脂膜,使用紫外可見分光光度計(島津製作所(股)製MultiSpec1500),測定在365nm中的吸光度。將得到的吸光度除以樹脂膜厚,作為每1μm的吸光度。
將樹脂溶液旋轉塗布於8吋的矽晶圓上,接著,以120℃的熱板(使用Tokyo Electron(股)製之塗布顯影裝置Act-8)烘烤4分鐘,得到樹脂膜。旋轉塗布時的旋轉數,進行調整使樹脂膜厚成為10μm。
對於樹脂膜,以2.38重量%的四甲基銨(TMAH)水溶液(三菱瓦斯化學(股)製、ELM-D)顯影60秒鐘,接著以純水沖洗。測定沖洗後的膜厚,算出每1分鐘的膜厚減少。
將樹脂溶液旋轉塗布於8吋的矽晶圓上,接著,以120℃的熱板(使用Tokyo Electron(股)製之塗布顯影裝置Act-8)烘烤3分鐘,得到樹脂膜。
將該樹脂膜,使用惰性烘箱CLH-21CD-S(Koyo Thermo Systems(股)製),在氧濃度20ppm以下以5℃/分鐘升溫直到250℃,在250℃進行加熱處理1小時後,以5℃/min冷卻直到50℃。接著,在氫氟酸浸漬1~4分鐘,將膜自基板剝離,進行風乾而得到加熱處理後之被膜。旋轉塗布時的旋轉數,進行調整使加熱處理後之樹脂膜厚成為10μm。
對於加熱處理後之被膜,使用薄膜應力測定裝置(KLA-Tencor(股)製),在23℃、45%RH、空氣環境下進行殘留應力之測定,再者,對照組係使用塗布樹脂溶液之前的矽晶圓。
在8吋矽晶圓上旋轉塗布樹脂溶液,接著,以120℃的熱板(使用Tokyo Electron(股)製之塗布顯影裝置Act-8)烘烤3分鐘,製作厚度6μm的預烤膜。將該膜使用i射線步進曝光機(NIKON NSR i9),以0~1000mJ/cm2的曝光量,採用10mJ/cm2步距進行曝光。
曝光後,以2.38重量%的四甲基銨(TMAH)水溶液(三菱瓦斯化學(股)製、ELM-D)顯影90秒鐘,接著以純水沖洗。此時,曝光及顯影後,將曝光部分完全溶出並消失的曝光量(指最小曝光量Eth)作為感度。Eth為700mJ/cm2以下的話,可判斷為高感度。500mJ/cm2以下更佳。
以下的實施例、比較例所示之酸二酐、二胺的簡記之名稱係如下述。
PMDA:苯均四酸酐
ODPA:3,3’,4,4’-二苯基醚四羧酸二酐
SiDA:1,1,3,3-四甲基-1,3-雙(3-胺丙基)二矽氧烷
NMP:N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮
GBL:γ-丁內酯
3-Aph:m-胺酚
PMDA-H:1S,2S,4R,5R-環己烷四羧酸二酐
NA:5-降莰烯-2.3-二羧酸酐
TFMB:2,2’-雙(三氟甲基)聯苯胺
HAB:3,3’-二羥基聯苯胺
BPDA:3,3’,4,4’-聯苯四羧酸二酐
KBM-403:3-環氧丙氧丙基三甲氧矽烷。
BAHF:2,2-雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)六氟丙烷
HFHA:2,2-雙[3-(3-胺基苯并醯胺)-4-羥苯基]六氟丙烷
DAE:4,4’-二胺基二苯基醚。
將2,2’-雙(三氟甲基)-5,5’-二羥基聯苯胺17.6g(0.05莫耳)溶解於丙酮100mL、環氧丙烷17.4g(0.3莫耳),並冷卻至-15℃。在此滴加將3-硝基苯甲醯氯20.4g(0.11莫耳)溶解於丙酮100mL的溶液。滴加結束後,在-15℃反應4小時,之後恢復為室溫。將析出的白色固體過濾,在50℃進行真空乾燥。
將得到的白色固體30g加入至300mL之不鏽鋼高壓釜,並分散於甲基賽璐蘇250mL,且加入5%鈀-碳2g。在此以氣球導入氫,在室溫進行還原反應。約2小時後,確認氣球不會再放氣而結束反應。反應結束後,過濾而除去作為觸媒之鈀化合物,並以旋轉蒸發器濃縮,得到下述式所示之含羥基的二胺化合物(a)。將得到的固體直接使用於反應。
除了將2,2’-雙(三氟甲基)-5,5’-二羥基聯苯胺17.6g(0.05莫耳)變更為2,2’-二甲基-5,5’-二羥基聯苯胺17.6g(0.05莫耳)以外,係與合成例1同樣進行,得到下述式所示之含羥基的二胺化合物(b)。將得到的固體直接使用於反應。
除了將3-硝基苯甲醯氯20.4g(0.11莫耳)變更為4-硝基苯甲醯氯20.4g(0.11莫耳)以外,係與合成例1同樣進行,得到下述式所示之含羥基的二胺化合物(c)。將得到的固體直接使用於反應。
在乾燥氮氣流下,將2,2’-雙(三氟甲基)-5,5’-二羥基聯苯胺17.6g(0.05莫耳)與烯丙基環氧丙醚34.2g(0.3莫耳)溶解於乙酸乙酯100g,並冷卻至-15℃。在此使反應液之溫度不會超過0℃而滴加溶解於乙酸乙酯50g的氯化苯偏三酸酐22.1g(0.11莫耳)。滴加結束後,在0℃攪拌4小時。
將該溶液以旋轉蒸發器濃縮,並投入至甲苯1L,得到下述式所示之含羥基的酸二酐(d)。將得到的固體直接使用於反應。
在乾燥氮氣流下,將TrisP-PA(商品名、本州化學工業(股)製)21.22g(0.05莫耳)與5-萘醌二疊氮磺醯氯26.86g(0.10莫耳)、4-萘醌二疊氮磺醯氯13.43g(0.05莫耳)溶解於1,4-二烷50g,並使其成為室溫。在此使系統內不會成為35℃以上而滴加與1,4-二烷50g混合的三乙胺15.18g。滴加後,在30℃攪拌2小時。將三乙胺鹽過濾,並將濾液投入至水。之後,過濾且收集析出的沉澱。將該沉澱以真空乾燥機乾燥,得到下述式所示之醌二疊氮化合物(e)。
在乾燥氮氣流下,將作為胺成分之2,2’-雙(三氟甲基)-3,3’-二羥基聯苯胺15.8g(0.045莫耳)、SiDA
0.62g(0.0025莫耳)溶解於GBL 100g。在此將作為酸成分之PMDA 10.91g(0.05莫耳)與GBL 10g一起加入,在60℃反應2小時,接著,將作為封端劑之3-Aph 0.545g(0.005莫耳)與NMPGBL 10g一起加入,並且於60℃攪拌2小時,得到樹脂溶液(A1)。
使用表1所示之胺成分、酸成分、封端劑之組合,採用與合成例6同樣的方法,得到樹脂溶液(A2)~(A26)。
在乾燥氮氣流下,將作為胺成分之2,2’-雙(三氟甲基)-3,3’-二羥基聯苯胺15.8g(0.045莫耳)、SiDA 0.62g(0.0025莫耳)溶解於NMP 100g。在此將作為酸成分之PMDA 10.91g(0.05莫耳)與NMP 10g一起加入,在40℃反應1小時,接著,將作為封端劑之3-Aph 0.545g(0.005莫耳)與NMP 10g一起加入,並且於40℃攪拌2小時。之後,花費10分鐘滴加將N,N-二甲基甲醯胺二甲縮醛15.19g(0.127莫耳)以NMP 4g稀釋的溶液。滴加後,在40℃攪拌2小時。反應結束後,將溶液之液溫一邊保持於30℃以下,一邊將乙酸30g緩慢地投入。將在30℃以下攪拌30分後之溶液投入至水2L,並過濾且收集聚合物粉體之沉澱。過濾且收集該沉澱,以水清洗3次後,將聚合物粉體在50℃的真空乾燥機乾燥72小時,得到樹
脂(B1)的粉末。
使用表2所示之胺成分、酸成分、封端劑之組合,採用與合成例32同樣的方法,得到樹脂溶液(B2)~(B26)。
在乾燥氮氣流下,將作為胺成分之2,2’-雙(三氟甲基)-3,3’-二羥基聯苯胺15.8g(0.045莫耳)、SiDA 0.62g(0.0025莫耳)溶解於NMP 100g。在此將作為酸成分之PMDA 10.91g(0.05莫耳)與NMP 10g一起加入,在60℃反應1小時,接著,將作為封端劑之3-Aph 0.545g(0.005莫耳)與NMP 10g一起加入,並且於60℃攪拌1小時,於200℃攪拌4小時。攪拌結束後,將溶液投入至水2L,得到白色沉澱。過濾且收集該沉澱,以水清洗3次後,在50℃的真空乾燥機乾燥72小時,得到樹脂(C1)的粉末。
使用表3所示之胺成分、酸成分、封端劑之組合,採用與合成例58同樣的方法,得到樹脂(C2)~(C22)之粉末。
除了將2,2’-雙(三氟甲基)-3,3’-二羥基聯苯胺15.8g(0.045莫耳)變更為HAB 9.73g(0.045莫耳)以外,係採用與合成例58同樣的方法實施,但在將200℃
反應後之液於冷卻中析出聚合物,得到不溶的樹脂。
在乾燥氮氣流下,將2,2’-雙(三氟甲基)-3,3’-二羥基聯苯胺17.6g(0.05莫耳)溶解於NMP 50g、環氧丙基甲醚26.4g(0.3莫耳),將溶液的溫度冷卻直到-15℃。在此使內部之溫度不會超過0℃而滴加將間苯二甲酸氯化物8.12g(0.04莫耳)溶解於GBL 25g的溶液。滴加結束後,在-15℃持續攪拌6小時。之後,投入NA3.28g(0.02莫耳),在常溫攪拌4小時。反應結束後,將溶液投入至包含甲醇10重量%的水3L,使白色的沉澱析出。過濾且收集該沉澱,以水清洗3次後,在50℃的真空乾燥機乾燥72小時,得到樹脂(D1)的粉末。
使用表4所示之胺成分、酸成分、封端劑之組合,採用與合成例81同樣的方法,得到樹脂(D2)~(D4)之粉末。
在乾燥氮氣流下,將2,2’-雙(三氟甲基)-3,3’-二羥基聯苯胺17.6g(0.05莫耳)溶解於NMP100g。在此將二苯基醚二羧酸二咪唑烷(diphenyl ether dicarboxylic acid diimidazolide)14.32g(0.04莫耳)與NMP10g一起加入,在85℃攪拌4小時。之後,投入NA3.28g(0.02莫耳),在85℃進一步攪拌2小時。反應結束後,將溶液之液溫一邊保持於30℃以下,一邊將乙酸30g緩慢地投入。將在30℃以下攪拌30分後之溶液投入至水2L,並過濾且
收集聚合物粉體之沉澱。過濾且收集該沉澱,以水清洗3次後,將聚合物粉體在50℃的真空乾燥機乾燥72小時,得到樹脂(D5)的粉末。
樹脂(A1)~(A26)維持為溶液,樹脂(B1)~(B26)、樹脂(C1)~(C22)、及樹脂(D1)~(D5)溶解於GBL,製作濃度40%的溶液。使用得到的溶液,將如前述測定熱線膨脹係數、吸光度、鹼顯影速度、殘留應力的結果示於表5-1、表5-2。
將樹脂(B1)17.5g、合成例5所得之醌二疊氮化合物(b)2.3g、KBM-403 0.5g加入GBL 45g,得到感光性樹脂組成物。使用得到的感光性樹脂組成物,如前述進行感光性評價。將評價結果示於表6。
對於樹脂(B2)~(B26)、樹脂(C1)~(C22)、樹脂(D1)~(D5),採用與實施例64同樣的方法,得到感光性樹脂組成物。使用得到的感光性樹脂組成物,如前述進行感光性評價。將評價結果示於表6。
反應產率為莫耳百分數。在實施例使用的溶媒、觸媒同時自國藥、Aldrich、TCI或Alfa等之試劑供給端購入,未經後處理,直接使用於反應。反應生成物的結構,可藉由核磁共振光譜確認,使用的核磁共振裝置為JEOL(400MHz)。反應生成物的純度係使用高速液體層析儀測定,使用的高速液體層析儀為SHIMADZU Prominence且層析管柱為YMC Pack Ph。
在三角燒瓶加入2,2’-二三氟甲基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯(80.0g,0.25mol)及乙酸乙酯(800mL),以氮氣取代3次,將反應燒瓶放入冰浴(-20℃),進行攪拌,之後,在反應燒瓶滴加液態溴(26.2mL,0.51mol),一邊將反應溫度控制於20℃以下,一邊滴加液態溴。以高速液體層析儀追蹤反應,在原料之含量較3%小時停止攪拌,在反應燒瓶緩慢地加入飽和碳酸鈉溶液,將pH值調節直到中性。將有機相分離,將有機相進行水清洗(500mL×2),加入無水硫酸鈉並乾燥,過濾後,除去有機溶媒,得到半成品黃色固體。接著,在半成品加入石油醚/乙酸乙酯(150ml/5ml),於室溫攪拌30Min,進行過濾,得到白色固體2,2’-二三氟甲基-5,5’-二溴-4,4’-二胺基聯苯106.5g(產率90%、純度96%)。
在三角燒瓶加入前述製造方法所得之2,2’-二三氟甲基-5,5’-二溴-4,4’-二胺基聯苯(95.6g,0.2mol)及四氫呋喃(500mL),之後加入苯甲醯氯(56.0g,0.4mol),將反應燒瓶放入40℃恆溫之油浴進行攪拌,放置一晚,以高速液體層析儀追蹤反應,在原料之含量較3%小時停止攪拌,在反應液加入乙醇及水,藉由減壓蒸餾將四氫呋喃除去,得到白色浮游溶液。接著,進行過濾,將過濾固體以50ml乙醇清洗後,放入真空乾燥機並乾燥,得到白色固體2,2’-二三氟甲基-5,5’-二溴-4,4’-二苯并醯胺聯苯130.2g(產率94.9%、純度96%)。
在三角燒瓶加入前述製造方法所得之2,2’-二三氟甲基-5,5’-二溴-4,4’-二苯并醯胺聯苯(68.6g,0.10mol)、碘化銅(I)(1.91g,0.01mol)、N,N’-二甲基乙二胺(1.76g,0.02mol)、磷酸鉀(92.8g,0.4mol)及甲苯
(600mL),以氮氣取代3次,在100℃油浴進行反應,以高速液體層析儀追蹤反應,在原料之含量較3%小時停止攪拌。將反應冷卻,加入1L甲苯,以活性碳脫色。進行過濾,濃縮濾液後再結晶,得到白色固體2,2’-二苯基-5,5’-二三氟甲基-[6,6’]二苯并唑31.5g(產率:60%、純度98%)。
在三角燒瓶加入利用前述製備得到的2,2’-二甲基-5,5’-二三氟甲基-[6,6’]二苯并唑(80.0g,0.2mol)、36.5%鹽酸(250ml)及乙醇(1.25L),在60℃恆溫油浴進行攪拌,以高速液體層析儀追蹤反應,在原料之含量較3%小時停止攪拌,在反應液加入水,進行減壓蒸餾除去乙醇,進行調節使pH值較3大。進行過濾,將過濾固體以100ml乙酸乙酯清洗,在真空乾燥機乾燥,得到白色固體2,2’-二三氟甲基-5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯63.2g(產率:90%、純度98%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,d-DMSO):9.81(s,2H),6.90(s,2H),6.47(s,2H),4.92(s,4H)
在三角燒瓶加入2,2’-二三氟甲基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯(32.0g,0.10mol)及二烷(300mL),以氮氣取代3次,將反應燒瓶放入冰浴,進行攪拌,之後,對反應燒瓶分次加入N-溴琥珀醯亞胺(NBS)(35.6g,0.20mol)後,將溫度提升直到60℃並進行攪拌,以高速液體層析儀追蹤反應,在原料之含量較3%小時停止攪拌。對反應燒瓶緩慢地加入飽和碳酸鈉溶液,將pH值調節直到中性,將有機相分離,將有機相進行水清洗(200mL×2),加入無水硫酸鈉並乾燥,過濾後,除去有機溶媒,得到半成品紅橙色固體。接著,在半成品加入石油醚/乙酸乙酯(60ml/2ml),於室溫攪拌30Min,進行過濾,得到白色固體2,2’-二三氟甲基-5,5’-二溴-4,4’-二胺基聯苯37.5g(產率78%、純度95%)。
在三角燒瓶加入前述製造方法所得之2,2’-二三氟甲基-5,5’-二溴-4,4’-二胺基聯苯(95.6g,0.2mol)及二氯甲烷(500mL),之後加入乙酸酐(51.0g,0.5mol),將反應燒瓶放入10℃恆溫之乙醇浴,進行攪拌,放置一晚,以高速液體層析儀追蹤反應,在原料之含量較3%小時停止攪拌,得到白色浮游溶液。過濾反應溶液,將過濾固體以50ml二氯甲烷清洗2次,以100ml水清洗2次,放入真空乾燥機進行乾燥,得到白色固體2,2’-二三氟甲基-5,5’-二溴-4,4’-二甲醯胺聯苯106.2g(產率94.3%、純度98%)。
在三角燒瓶加入前述製造方法所得之2,2’-二三氟甲基-5,5’-二溴-4,4-二甲醯胺聯苯(112.4g,0.20mol)、碘化銅(I)(3.82g,0.02mol)、N,N’-二甲基乙二胺(3.52g,0.04mol)、磷酸鉀(110.4g,0.8mol)及二甲
苯(1200mL),以氮氣取代3次,在140℃油浴進行反應,以高速液體層析儀追蹤反應,在原料之含量較3%小時停止攪拌。將反應冷卻,加入1L甲苯,以活性碳脫色,進行過濾,濃縮濾液後再結晶,得到白色固體2,2’-二甲基-5,5’-二三氟甲基-[6,6’]二苯并唑48.1g(產率:60%、純度97%)。
在三角燒瓶加入前述製造方法所得之2,2’-二甲基-5,5’-二三氟甲基-[6,6’]二苯并唑(80.0g,0.2mol)、36.5%鹽酸(250ml)及乙醇(1.25L),在60℃恆溫油浴進行攪拌,以高速液體層析儀追蹤反應,在原料之含量較3%小時停止攪拌。在反應液加入水,進行減壓蒸餾除去乙醇,進行調節使pH值較3大,進行過濾,將過濾固體以100ml乙酸乙酯清洗,在真空乾燥機中乾燥,得到白色固體2,2’-二三氟甲基-5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯63.2g(產率:90%、純度98%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,d-DMSO):9.81(s,2H),6.90(s,2H),6.47(s,2H),4.92(s,4H)。
在三角燒瓶加入前述製造方法所得之2,2’-二三氟甲基-5,5’-二溴-4,4’-二胺基聯苯(95.6g,0.2mol)及二氯甲烷(500mL),並加入三乙胺(71.8ml,0.514mol)與三甲基乙醯氯(63.0ml,0.514mol),將反應燒瓶放入40℃恆溫的油浴,進行攪拌,放置一晚,以高速液體層析儀追蹤反應,在原料之含量較3%小時停止攪拌,加入飽和碳酸鈉水溶液(200ml),攪拌1小時。將有機層以水、飽和食鹽水清洗,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥後,在減壓下濃縮。以石油醚(200ml)與乙酸乙酯(10ml)混合溶媒清洗、過濾,放入真空乾燥機進行乾燥,得到白色固體2,2’-二三氟甲基-5,5’-二溴-4,4’-二丁基醯胺聯苯130.2g(產率94.9%、純度97%)。
在三角燒瓶加入前述製造方法所得之2,2’-二三氟甲基-5,5’-二溴-4,4’-二丁基醯胺聯苯(103.5g,0.161mol)、溴化銅(I)(2.30g,0.161mol)、N,N’-二甲基乙二胺(2.85g,0.0322mol)、磷酸鉀(102.4g,0.483mol)及甲苯(1000ml)與二烷(100ml),以氮氣取代3次,在120℃油浴進行反應,以高速液體層析儀追蹤反應,在原料之含量較3%小時停止攪拌。將反應冷卻並過濾,將有機層進行水清洗,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥後,在減壓下濃縮,得到白色固體2,2’-二三級丁基-5,5’-二三氟甲基-[6,6’]二苯并唑49.8g(產率:65%、純度99%)。
在三角燒瓶加入前述製造方法所得之2,2’-二三級丁基-5,5’-二三氟甲基-[6,6’]二苯并唑(48.4g,0.1mol)、36.5%鹽酸(250ml)及乙醇(300L),在100℃恆溫油浴進行攪拌,以高速液體層析儀追蹤反應,在原料之
含量較3%小時停止攪拌。在反應液加入水,進行減壓蒸餾除去乙醇,進行調節使pH值較3大,進行過濾,將過濾固體以100ml乙酸乙酯清洗,在真空乾燥機中乾燥,得到白色固體2,2’-二三氟甲基-5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯31.6g(產率:90%、純度98%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,d-DMSO):9.81(s,2H),6.90(s,2H),6.47(s,2H),4.92(s,4H)。
反應過程測定:以高速液體層析儀進行測定,型號為SHIMADZU LC-20AD且層析管柱為YMC-Pack Ph(250×4.6mmI.D)。
純度:以高速液體層析儀進行測定,型號為SHIMADZU LC-20AD且層析管柱為YMC-Pack Ph(250×4.6mmI.D)。
結構鑒定:核磁共振裝置、JEOL(400MHz)、溶媒為氘化氯仿或二甲亞碸-d6。
產率:莫耳產率、可秤量而算出。
在比較例、實施例使用的原料及試劑:2,2’-二三氟甲基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯:自J&K Chemical購入;液態溴:自國藥集團購入;N-溴琥珀醯亞胺:自國藥集團購入;溶媒:自國藥集團購入。
本發明將具有通式(13)結構的原料聯苯類化合物溶解於非質子性溶媒,在-30℃~60℃的條件下,於反應燒瓶加入溴化試劑,持續攪拌直到原料耗盡,且在反應燒瓶加入鹼性水溶液直到成為中性,藉由將有機相分離並將有機相水洗、乾燥、溶媒而得到半成品,且藉由將半成品精製而得到最終生成物二溴聯苯衍生物。反應的產率為莫耳百分數。
在三角燒瓶加入2,2’-二三氟甲基-4,4’-二胺聯苯(80.0g,0.25mol)及乙酸乙酯(800mL),以氮氣取代3次,將反應燒瓶放入冰浴,進行攪拌,之後,對反應燒瓶滴加液態溴(26.2mL,0.51mol),滴加液態溴後繼續進行攪拌,以高速液體層析儀測定反應,在原料之含量較3%少時停止攪拌,對反應燒瓶緩慢地加入飽和碳酸鈉溶液,將pH值調節直到中性,將有機相分離,將有機相進行水清洗(每次500mL、清洗2次),加入無水硫酸鈉並乾燥,過濾後,除去有機溶媒,得到半成品黃色固體。接著,在半成品加入石油醚/乙酸乙酯(150ml/5ml),於室
溫攪拌30Min,進行過濾,得到白色固體2,2’-二三氟甲基-4,4’-二胺-5,5’-二溴聯苯106.5g(產率90%、純度96%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 5.88(s,4 H),7.15(s,2 H),7.26(s,2 H)
在三角燒瓶加入2,2’-二三氟甲基-4,4’-二胺聯苯(32.0g,0.10mol)及1,4-二烷(300mL),以氮氣取代3次,將反應燒瓶放入冰浴,進行攪拌,之後,對反應燒瓶分次添加N-溴琥珀醯亞胺(NBS)(35.6g,0.20mol)後,繼續進行攪拌。以高速液體層析儀追蹤反應,在原料之含量較3%少時停止攪拌,對反應燒瓶緩慢地加入氫氧化鈉溶液,將pH值調節直到中性後,加入乙酸乙酯(300mL),將有機相分離,將有機相進行飽和食鹽水清洗(每次200mL、清洗2次)、水清洗(200mL),加入無水硫酸鈉並乾燥,過濾後,除去有機溶媒,得到半成品紅橙色固體。接著,在半成品加入石油醚/乙酸乙酯(60ml/2ml),於室溫攪拌30Min,進行過濾,得到白色固
體2,2’-二三氟甲基-4,4’-二胺-5,5’-二溴聯苯33.5g(產率70%、純度95%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 5.88(s,4 H),7.15(s,2 H),7.26(s,2 H)
在三角燒瓶加入2,2’-二三氟甲基-4,4’-二乙醯胺聯苯(101.0g,0.25mol)及四氫呋喃(500mL),以氮氣取代3次,將反應燒瓶放入-20℃的低溫反應槽,進行攪拌,之後,對反應燒瓶滴加液態溴(26.2mL,0.51mol)後,繼續進行攪拌。以高速液體層析儀追蹤反應,在原料之含量較3%少時停止攪拌,對反應燒瓶緩慢地加入飽和碳酸鈉溶液,將pH值調節直到中性後,加入乙酸乙酯(500mL),將有機相分離,將有機相進行飽和食鹽水清洗(每次500mL、清洗2次)、水清洗(200mL),加入無水硫酸鈉並乾燥,過濾後,餾去有機溶媒,得到半成品黃色固體。接著,在半成品加入石油醚/乙酸乙酯(150ml/5ml),於室溫攪拌30Min,進行過濾,得到白色固體2,2’-二三氟甲基-4,4’-二乙醯胺-5,5’-二溴聯苯119.6g(產率85%、純度96%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 2.16(s,6 H),7.80(s,2 H),8.19(s,2 H),9.76(s,2 H)
在三角燒瓶加入2,2’-二三氟甲基-4,4’-二(鄰苯二甲醯亞胺)聯苯(145.0g,0.25mol)及乙酸丙二醇甲醚(500mL),以氮氣取代3次,在室溫進行攪拌,之後,對反應燒瓶滴加液態溴(26.2mL,0.51mol),滴加液態溴後繼續進行攪拌。以高速液體層析儀追蹤反應,在原料之含量較3%少時停止攪拌,在反應燒瓶緩慢地加入飽和碳酸鈉溶液,將pH值調節直到中性後,將有機相分離,將有機相進行水清洗(每次300mL、清洗2次),加入無水硫酸鈉並乾燥,過濾後,除去有機溶媒,得到半成品黃色固體。接著,在半成品加入石油醚/乙酸乙酯(150ml/5ml),於室溫攪拌30Min,進行過濾,得到白色
固體2,2’-二三氟甲基-4,4’-二(鄰苯二甲醯亞胺)-5,5’-二溴聯苯166.0g(產率90%、純度95%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 7.98-7.99(m,4 H),8.06-8.07(m,4 H),8.24(s,2 H),8.30(s,2 H)
在三角燒瓶加入2,2’-二三氟甲基-4,4’-二(二三級丁氧化二羧基醯亞胺)聯苯(180.0g,0.25mol)及乙酸丁酯(500mL),以氮氣取代3次,放入-30℃之低溫反應槽,進行攪拌,之後,對反應燒瓶滴加液態溴(26.2mL,0.51mol)後,繼續進行攪拌。以高速液體層析儀追蹤反應,在原料之含量較3%少時停止攪拌,在反應燒瓶緩慢地加入飽和碳酸鈉溶液,將pH值調節直到中性後,將有機相分離,將有機相進行水清洗(每次500mL、清洗2次),加入無水硫酸鈉並乾燥,過濾後,除去有機溶媒,得到半成品黃色固體。接著,在半成品加入石油醚/乙酸乙酯(150ml/5ml),於室溫攪拌30Min,進行過濾,得到白色固體2,2’-二三氟甲基-4,4’-二(二三級丁氧化二羧基醯亞胺)-5,5’-二溴聯苯177.6g(產率81%、純度95%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 1.31-1.41(m,18 H),7.88(s,1 H),8.05(s,1 H)
在三角燒瓶加入2,2’-二三氟甲基-4,4’-二(三級丁氧化胺甲醯胺)聯苯(130.0g,0.25mol)及乙酸丁酯(500mL),以氮氣取代3次,放入-30℃的低溫反應槽,進行攪拌,之後,對反應燒瓶滴加液態溴(26.2mL,0.51mol)後,繼續進行攪拌。以高速液體層析儀追蹤反應,在原料之含量較3%少時停止攪拌,在反應燒瓶緩慢地加入飽和碳酸鈉溶液,將pH值調節直到中性後,將有機相分離,將有機相進行水清洗(每次500mL、清洗2次),加入無水硫酸鈉並乾燥,過濾後,除去有機溶媒,得到半成品黃色固體。接著,在半成品加入石油醚/乙酸乙酯(150ml/5ml),於室溫攪拌30Min,進行過濾,得到白色固體2,2’-二三氟甲基-4,4’-二(三級丁氧化胺甲醯胺)-5,5’-二溴聯苯141.1g(產率83%、純度95%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 1.49(s,18 H),7.73(s,1 H),8.04(s,1 H),8.92(s,1 H)
在三角燒瓶加入2,2’-二三氟甲基-4,4’-二胺聯苯(32.0g,0.10mol)及二氯甲烷(300mL),以氮氣取代3次,
將反應燒瓶放入冰浴,進行攪拌,之後,對反應燒瓶分次添加N-溴琥珀醯亞胺(NBS)(35.6g,0.20mol)後,繼續進行攪拌。一邊以高速液體層析儀追蹤反應,一邊補充添加N-溴琥珀醯亞胺(17.8g,0.10mmol),在原料之含量較3%小時停止攪拌,在反應燒瓶緩慢地加入氫氧化鈉溶液,將pH值調節直到中性後,將有機相分離,將有機相進行水清洗(每次200mL、清洗2次),加入無水硫酸鈉並乾燥,過濾後,除去有機溶媒,得到半成品紅橙色固體。接著,在半成品加入石油醚/乙酸乙酯(60ml/2ml),於室溫攪拌30Min,進行過濾,得到白色固體2,2’-二三氟甲基-4,4’-二胺-5,5’-二溴聯苯23.8g(產率50%、純度95%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 5.88(s,4 H),7.15(s,2 H),7.26(s,2 H)
在三角燒瓶加入2,2’-二三氟甲基-4,4’-二胺聯苯(32.0g,0.10mol)及乙腈(300mL),以氮氣取代3次,將反應燒瓶放入冰浴,進行攪拌,之後,對反應燒瓶分次
添加N-溴琥珀醯亞胺(NBS)(35.6g,0.20mol)後,繼續進行攪拌。一邊以高速液體層析儀追蹤反應,一邊補充添加NBS(8.9g,0.05mol),在原料之含量較3%小時停止攪拌,在反應燒瓶緩慢地加入氫氧化鈉溶液,將pH值調節直到中性後,加入乙酸乙酯(300mL),將有機相分離,將有機相進行飽和食鹽水清洗(每次200mL、清洗2次)、水清洗(200mL),加入無水硫酸鈉並乾燥,過濾後,除去有機溶媒,得到半成品紅橙色固體。接著,在半成品加入石油醚/乙酸乙酯(60ml/2ml),於室溫攪拌30Min,進行過濾,得到淺黃色固體2,2’-二三氟甲基-4,4’-二胺-5,5’-二溴聯苯15.7g(產率33%、純度95%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 5.88(s,4 H),7.15(s,2 H),7.26(s,2 H)
在三角燒瓶加入2,2’-二甲氧基-4,4’-二甲基聯苯(60.5g,0.25mol)及乙酸乙酯(500mL),以氮氣取代3次,將反應燒瓶於室溫攪拌,之後,對反應燒瓶滴加液態溴(26.2mL,0.51mol)後,繼續進行攪拌。以高速液體層析
儀追蹤反應,在原料之含量較3%少時停止攪拌,在反應燒瓶緩慢地加入飽和碳酸鈉溶液,將pH值調節直到中性後,將有機相分離,將有機相進行水清洗(每次500mL、清洗2次),加入無水硫酸鈉並乾燥,過濾後,除去有機溶媒,得到半成品黃色固體。接著,在半成品加入石油醚/乙酸乙酯(150ml/5ml),於室溫攪拌30Min,進行過濾,得到白色固體2,2’-二甲氧基-4,4’-二甲基-5,5’-二溴聯苯94.3g(產率94%、純度95%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 2.39(s,6 H),3.80(s,6 H),6.79(s,2 H),7.39(s,2 H)
在三角燒瓶加入乙酸(50mL)、乙酸鈉(1.3g)及原料1(1.46g,3.78mmol),以氮氣取代3次,於室溫攪拌,之後,對反應燒瓶滴加液態溴Br2(0.4mL,7.76mmol)及乙酸(5mL)之混合溶液後,在室溫繼續反應48h。以薄層層析儀(TLC)追蹤反應(展開溶媒:石油醚/乙酸乙酯、10mL/1mL),補充添加液態溴(0.4mL)及乙酸(5mL),繼續攪拌24h,在反應液加入飽和亞硫酸鈉(5mL),並加入
二氯甲烷(每次70mL、萃取5次)進行萃取,配合有機相,進行水清洗,加入無水硫酸鎂,進行乾燥,過濾後,除去有機溶媒,得到油狀物。將油狀物使用二氯甲烷再結晶,得到製品2、1.64g(產率80%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,acetone-d 6)δ 1.24(d,J=6.0Hz,12 H),3.96(s,6 H),4.65(sept,J=6.1Hz,2 H),7.48(s,2 H),7.58(s,2 H).
在三角燒瓶加入100mL乙醇、20.0g(62.5mmol)2,2’-二三氟甲基聯苯胺,以氮氣取代3次,將反應燒瓶放入冰浴,進行攪拌,之後,對反應燒瓶滴加21.0g(131.2mmol)溴,之後在室溫攪拌1h後,加入甲苯,將有機相進行3次水清洗,之後以飽和碳酸氫鈉水及水分別清洗2次,將有機相乾燥,過濾後,除去有機溶媒後,以正己烷/甲苯進行再結晶,得到2,2’-二三氟甲基-4,4’-二胺-5,5’-二溴聯苯11.5g(產率38.5%)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ4.33(s,4 H),7.05(s,2 H),7.32(s,2 H)。
1‧‧‧矽晶圓
2‧‧‧Al墊
3‧‧‧鈍化膜
4‧‧‧絕緣膜
5‧‧‧金屬(Cr、Ti、Ni、TiW等)膜
6‧‧‧金屬(Al、Cu、Au等)配線
7‧‧‧絕緣膜
8‧‧‧障壁金屬
9‧‧‧切割道
10‧‧‧焊料凸塊
Claims (36)
- 一種樹脂,其特徵為包含選自下述通式(1)、(2)所示的結構之至少1個結構;
- 如請求項1之樹脂,其中該樹脂包含選自聚醯亞胺、聚醯胺醯亞胺、聚苯并唑、聚醯亞胺前驅物、聚苯并唑前驅物、或該等之共聚合物的至少1個。
- 如請求項1或2之樹脂,其中該樹脂包含選自下述通式(3)~(5)所示的結構或該等之共聚合物的至少1個;
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之樹脂,其中該樹脂係形成每1μm厚度在波長365nm中之吸光度為0.005以上0.3以下的樹脂膜之樹脂。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之樹脂,其中將該樹脂於250℃加熱處理後所測定之50~200℃的該樹脂的平均熱線膨脹係數為-10~40ppm/℃。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之樹脂,其中該樹脂形成浸漬於2.38%氫氧化四甲銨水溶液之際的膜厚減少速度為10nm/分鐘以上、30000nm/分鐘以下之樹脂膜。
- 一種樹脂組成物,其含有如請求項1至6中任一項之樹脂。
- 如請求項7之樹脂組成物,其含有光酸產生劑或光聚合起始劑。
- 一種耐熱性被膜之製造方法,其包含以下步驟:將如請求項7或8之樹脂組成物塗布於支撐基板上,形成塗布膜的步驟;將該塗布膜乾燥,形成樹脂膜的步驟;將該樹脂膜曝光的步驟;將曝光的樹脂膜顯影的步驟;及將顯影的樹脂膜加熱處理的步驟。
- 一種耐熱性被膜之製造方法,其包含以下步驟:使用狹縫噴嘴,將如請求項7或8之樹脂組成物塗布於支撐基板上,形成塗布膜的步驟;將該塗布膜減壓乾燥,形成樹脂膜的步驟;將該樹脂膜曝光的步驟;將曝光的樹脂膜顯影的步驟;及將顯影的樹脂膜加熱處理的步驟。
- 如請求項9或10之耐熱性被膜之製造方法,其中該將樹脂膜加熱處理的步驟係於250℃以下進行。
- 如請求項9至11中任一項之耐熱性被膜之製造方法,其中藉由該耐熱性被膜之製造方法得到的附耐熱性被膜基板之形成耐熱性被膜的樹脂之殘留應力為30MPa以下。
- 一種電子零件,其係包含基板與在基板的單面、或雙面形成的被膜之結構以1層或多個積層的狀態裝設之電子零件,其特徵為該被膜為藉由如請求項9至12中任一項之製造方法得到的耐熱性被膜。
- 一種電子零件,其係包含基板、與包含在基板上交替形成的被膜層與配線層之再配線結構、或多層配線結構之電子零件,其特徵為該被膜層為藉由如請求項9至12中任一項之製造方法得到的耐熱性被膜。
- 一種顯示元件,其係包含在基板上形成的第一電極、將第一電極部分地曝光而於第一電極上形成的絕緣層、及與第一電極相對向而設置的第二電極之顯示元件,其特徵為該絕緣層為藉由如請求項9至12中任一項之製造方法得到的耐熱性被膜。
- 一種顯示元件,其係具備以將形成薄膜電晶體(TFT)的基板上之凹凸覆蓋的狀態設置之平坦化膜與在平坦化膜上設置的顯示元件而成之顯示元件,其特徵為該平坦化膜為藉由如請求項9至12中任一項之製造方法得到的耐熱性被膜。
- 一種5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物,其係以下述通式(8)表示:
- 如請求項17之5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物,其中該R29、R30、R31及R32各自為氫。
- 一種5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物之製造方法,其特徵為包含藉由將通式(9)所記載的4,4’-二胺基聯苯進行溴化反應而得到通式(10)所記載的5,5’-二溴-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物之製造方法;
- 如請求項19之5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物之製造方法,其中該R35、R36、R37及R38為氫,且該R41、R42、R43及R44為氫。
- 如請求項19之5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物之製造方法,其中溴化反應中的反應溫度為-30℃~60℃,溴化反應中的反應溶媒為乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙二醇二甲醚、四氫呋喃、1,4-二烷或該溶媒的混合溶媒中之1種或多種,溴化反應所使用的溴化試劑為液態溴或N-溴琥珀醯亞胺。
- 一種5,5’-二羥基-4,4-二胺基聯苯衍生物之製造方法,其特徵為包含藉由將5,5’-二溴-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物使用酸酐或醯氯進行醯胺化反應而得到通式(11)所示的5,5’-二溴-4,4’-二醯胺聯苯衍生物之製造方法;
- 如請求項22之5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物之製造方法,其中通式(11)中的R47、R48、R49及R50為氫。
- 一種5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物之製造方法,其特徵為包含藉由將5,5’-二溴-4,4’-二醯胺聯苯衍生物於觸媒及無機鹼的作用下反應而得到通式(12)所示的6,6’-二苯并唑衍生物之製造方法;
- 如請求項24之5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物之製造方法,其中通式(12)中的R55、R56、R57及R58為氫。
- 如請求項24之5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物之製造方法,其中該觸媒中至少包含銅觸媒,使用的無機鹼為碳酸鉀或磷酸鉀中之1種或多種,且其反應溫度為100℃~140℃,反應溶媒為高沸點溶媒。
- 一種5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯衍生物之製造方法,其特徵為將6,6’-二苯并唑衍生物於無機強酸下進行開環反應而得到。
- 一種5,5’-二溴聯苯衍生物之製造方法,其特徵為於5,5’-二溴聯苯衍生物之製造方法中,將具有通式(13)所記載之結構的聯苯類化合物作為原料,在非質子性溶媒及溴化試劑之作用下,得到具有通式(14)所記載之結構的5,5’-二溴聯苯衍生物;
- 如請求項28之5,5’-二溴聯苯衍生物之製造方法,其中該非質子性溶媒係選自酯類溶媒、醚類溶媒、芳烴類溶媒或該溶媒的混合溶媒中之1種或多種。
- 如請求項29之5,5’-二溴聯苯衍生物之製造方法,其中該非質子性溶媒係選自乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、乙二醇二甲醚、四氫呋喃、1,4-二烷或該溶媒的混合溶媒中之1種或多種。
- 如請求項28之5,5’-二溴聯苯衍生物之製造方法,其中通式(13)及(14)中,R61及R62可各自相同,亦可不同,且選自鹵素、C1~C6的烷基、C1~C6的烷氧基、鹵化烷基、酯基或硝基中之1種。
- 如請求項31之5,5’-二溴聯苯衍生物之製造方法,其中該鹵化烷基係選自三氟甲基、或三氟乙基中之1種。
- 如請求項31之5,5’-二溴聯苯衍生物之製造方法,其中該C1~C6的烷基為甲基。
- 如請求項31之5,5’-二溴聯苯衍生物之製造方法,其中該C1~C6的烷氧基為甲氧基。
- 如請求項28之5,5’-二溴聯苯衍生物之製造方法,其中通式(13)及(14)中,R63及R64可各自相同,亦可不同,且選自經取代或未經取代之胺基、經取代或未經取代之醯胺基、經取代或未經取代之醯亞胺基、經取代或未經取代之磺胺基、經取代或未經取代之亞磺醯胺基、或經取代或未經取代之芳香族雜環基中之1種。
- 如請求項28之5,5’-二溴聯苯衍生物之製造方法,其中通式(13)及(14)中,R63及R64可各自相同,亦可不同,且選自胺基、乙醯胺基、三級丁氧化醯胺基、苯甲氧基醯胺基、二三級丁氧化二羧基醯亞胺基、二苯甲氧基二羧基醯亞胺基、或鄰苯二甲醯亞胺基中之1種。
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JP (1) | JP6750499B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR102386553B1 (zh) |
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WO2018029746A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-08 | 2018-02-15 | 東レ株式会社 | ジアミン化合物、それを用いた耐熱性樹脂または耐熱性樹脂前駆体 |
US10370495B2 (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2019-08-06 | Sk Innovation Co., Ltd. | Polyamic acid resin, polyamideimide film, and method for preparing the same |
WO2018117145A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-06-28 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | ポリイミドフィルム、ポリイミド、ポリイミド前駆体、積層体、及びディスプレイ用表面材 |
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JP6991014B2 (ja) * | 2017-08-29 | 2022-01-12 | キオクシア株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
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Cited By (1)
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TWI811313B (zh) * | 2018-03-28 | 2023-08-11 | 日商太陽控股股份有限公司 | 硬化性樹脂組成物、乾膜、硬化物,及電子零件 |
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SG11201706068QA (en) | 2017-08-30 |
TWI686425B (zh) | 2020-03-01 |
KR102386553B1 (ko) | 2022-04-14 |
WO2016121691A1 (ja) | 2016-08-04 |
JPWO2016121691A1 (ja) | 2017-11-02 |
JP6750499B2 (ja) | 2020-09-02 |
CN107406590B (zh) | 2020-08-04 |
US20180011402A1 (en) | 2018-01-11 |
CN107406590A (zh) | 2017-11-28 |
US11333976B2 (en) | 2022-05-17 |
KR20170108949A (ko) | 2017-09-27 |
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