NO329301B1 - Ny fremgangsmåte for fremstillingen av roflumilast - Google Patents
Ny fremgangsmåte for fremstillingen av roflumilast Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO329301B1 NO329301B1 NO20051957A NO20051957A NO329301B1 NO 329301 B1 NO329301 B1 NO 329301B1 NO 20051957 A NO20051957 A NO 20051957A NO 20051957 A NO20051957 A NO 20051957A NO 329301 B1 NO329301 B1 NO 329301B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- cyclopropylmethoxy
- dichloropyridine
- amino
- anion
- activated derivative
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 53
- MNDBXUUTURYVHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N roflumilast Chemical compound FC(F)OC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC=2C(=CN=CC=2Cl)Cl)C=C1OCC1CC1 MNDBXUUTURYVHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 24
- 229960002586 roflumilast Drugs 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 8
- ISIQAMHROGZHOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-amine Chemical compound NC1=C(Cl)C=NC=C1Cl ISIQAMHROGZHOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- IGFDIFLMMLWKKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(difluoromethoxy)benzoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=C(OC(F)F)C(OCC2CC2)=C1 IGFDIFLMMLWKKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- LBLBOIFGYPHXGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(difluoromethoxy)benzoyl chloride Chemical compound FC(F)OC1=CC=C(C(Cl)=O)C=C1OCC1CC1 LBLBOIFGYPHXGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BSNNYLYELGBSBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(difluoromethoxy)benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(OC(F)F)C=C1 BSNNYLYELGBSBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 13
- MAKFMOSBBNKPMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichloropyridine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CN=C1Cl MAKFMOSBBNKPMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ROLSWOAJNMKBLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(difluoromethoxy)benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(OC(F)F)C=C1OCC1CC1 ROLSWOAJNMKBLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ABSOPIACDNJKKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(difluoromethoxy)benzoyl bromide Chemical compound FC(F)OC1=CC=C(C(Br)=O)C=C1OCC1CC1 ABSOPIACDNJKKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RRRUXBQSQLKHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N piclamilast Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC=2C(=CN=CC=2Cl)Cl)C=C1OC1CCCC1 RRRUXBQSQLKHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- -1 roflumilast Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229950005184 piclamilast Drugs 0.000 description 7
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940054066 benzamide antipsychotics Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000003936 benzamides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- OWWHXPWJCDTADU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxybenzoyl chloride Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C(Cl)=O)C=C1OC1CCCC1 OWWHXPWJCDTADU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001558 benzoic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IJTMJUHUWQHBEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-n-(3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)-4-hydroxybenzamide Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC=2C(=CN=CC=2Cl)Cl)C=C1OCC1CC1 IJTMJUHUWQHBEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OICRLZODQDWPMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-cyclopentyl-4-methoxybenzoic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C1CCCC1 OICRLZODQDWPMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940123932 Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000102 alkali metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008046 alkali metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006186 oral dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002587 phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/81—Amides; Imides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/61—Halogen atoms or nitro radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/72—Nitrogen atoms
- C07D213/75—Amino or imino radicals, acylated by carboxylic or carbonic acids, or by sulfur or nitrogen analogues thereof, e.g. carbamates
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Dermatology (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
Teknisk felt
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en ny, forbedret fremgangsmåte for fremstillingen av N-(3,5-diklorpyrid-4-yl)-3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzamid (INN: roflumilast).
Kjent teknikk
Den internasjonale patentsøknad WO 95/01338 beskriver fremstillingen av dialkoksysubstituerte benzamider, inklusive roflumilast, og anvendelsen derav som PDE4-inhibitorer. De internasjonale søknader WO 94/02465 og WO 93/25517 beskriver også fremstillingen av dialkoksysubstituerte benzamider. I den internasjonale patentsøknad WO03/070279 beskrives orale doseringsformer omfattende roflumilast. I den internasjonale patentsøknad WO03/099334 beskrives topisk an-vendbare farmasøytiske preparater omfattende roflumilast. Organic Process Research & Development 2, 157-168 (1998) bringer for dagen forbedrede prosesser for fremstillingen av 3-(cyklopentyloksy)-N-(3,5-diklorpyrid-4-yl)-4-metoksy-benzamid (INN: piclamilast).
I de internasjonale søknader WO 94/02465 og WO 93/25517 oppnås de dialkoksysubstituerte benzamider ved å reagere aktiverte benzosyrederivater med den generelle formel
med aminer med den generelle formel R3NH2. Nevnte aktiverte benzosyrederivater er syrehalider, spesielt syreklorider eller ellers anhydrider. Reaksjonen kan skje i nærvær av en base, f.eks. av en organisk base så som, for eksempel, trietylamin, i nærvær av en cyklisk base så som, for eksempel, N-metylmorfolin eller pyridin eller ellers i nærvær av et alkalimetallhydrid så som, for eksempel, natriumhydrid,
i et inert løsningsmiddel så som, for eksempel, tetrahydro-furan, dimetylformamid eller diklormetan.
3-(cyklopentyloksy)-N-(3,5-diklorpyrid-4-yl)-4-metoksyben-zamid (INN: piclamilast) oppnås i WO 93/25517 ved å reagere 3-cyklopentyl-4-metoksybenzosyre, som har blitt deprotonert med N-metylmorfolin, med 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin i tetra-hydrofuran. I WO 94/02465 fremstilles 3-(cyklopentyloksy)-N-(3,5-diklorpyrid-4-yl)-4-metoksybenzamid (INN: piclamilast) ved å blande sammen og deretter smelte 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin og 3-cyklopentyloksy-4-metoksybenzoylklorid.
I prosessen for å fremstille roflumilast beskrevet i WO 95/01338 tilsettes en løsning av 0,0275 mol 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzoylklorid i tetra-hydrofuran dråpevis til en suspensjon av 0,03 mol 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin og 0,066 mol NaH (i mineralolje) i tetra-hydrofuran ved 15-20 °C.
I den forbedrede prosess beskrevet i Organic Process Research & Development 2, 157-168 (1998) for fremstilling av 3-(cyklopentyloksy)-N-(3,5-diklorpyrid-4-yl)-4-metoksyben-zamid (INN: piclamilast) tilsettes først 0,218 mol KOtBu til 0,22 mol 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin ved 90 °C, og deretter tilsettes en løsning av 0,2 mol 3-cyklopentyloksy-4-me-toksybenzoylklorid. Blandingen kokes under refluks i noen tid, avkjøles til 90 °C igjen og deretter tilsettes ytterligere 0,218 mol KOtBu. Dette etterfølges av koking under refluks igjen, før reaksjonsblandingen opparbeides ved metoder kjent for fagmannen.
Ingen av prosessene beskrevet i de internasjonale søknader WO 93/25517 og WO 94/02465 for fremstilling av piclamilast, og heller ikke prosessen beskrevet i WO 95/01338 for fremstilling av roflumilast, synes å være egnet for den industrielle fremstilling av roflumilast med høy renhet.
Selv om den forbedrede prosess beskrevet i Organic Process Research & Development 2, 157-168 (1998) for fremstilling av 3-(cyklopentyloksy)-N-(3,5-diklorpyrid-4-yl)-4-metoksy-benzamid (INN: piclamilast) allerede har blitt optimalisert for gjennomførbarhet i den industrielle skala, fører den til, når anvendt analogt for roflumilast, dannelsen av mer enn 3 vekt% av biproduktet N-(3,5-diklorpyrid-4-yl)-3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-hydroksybenzamid, som ikke kan reduse-res selv ved gjentatt omkrystallisasjon.
Beskrivelse av oppfinnelsen
Det har nå overraskende blitt funnet at dannelsen av bipro-dukter, spesielt av det overnevnte biprodukt, kan forhind-res svært betydelig når et aktivert derivat av 3- cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre reageres med et overskudd av anionet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin.
Et første aspekt av oppfinnelsen er derfor en fremgangsmåte for fremstillingen av roflumilast ved å reagere anionet av 4- amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1)
hvor A<+> er et kaliumkation, med et aktivert derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) , hvor LG er en passende utgående gruppe valgt fra et kloratom, et bromatom eller et radikal med formel OC(0)-1-4C-alkyl, karakterisert ved at a) det molare forhold av det anvendte anion av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1) til det aktiverte derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) er minst 1,8 og høyst 2,7, fortrinnsvis minst 2 og høyst 2,5 og spesielt foretrukket 2,2, b) reaksjonen av anionet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1) med det aktiverte derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) utføres i et løsningsmiddel valgt fra dimetylformamid eller N-metylpyrrolidon, c) reaksjonen av anionet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1) med det aktiverte derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) utføres ved en temperatur mellom 0 'C og kokepunktet til det anvendte inerte løsningsmiddel, og d) KOtBu anvendes for å fremstille anionet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1).
LG er fortrinnsvis et kloratom.
l-4C-alkyl i formel OC(0)-l-4C-alkyl er et rettkjedet eller forgrenet alkylradikal med 1 til 4 karbonatomer. Eksempler som kan nevnes er butyl-, isobutyl-, sek-butyl-, tert-butyl-, propyl-, isopropyl-, etyl- og metylradikalene.
Reaksjon av anionet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1) med et aktivert derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) utføres fortrinnsvis i dimetylformamid eller N-metylpyrrolidon. Anvendelsen av dimetylformamid er svært spesielt foretrukket.
Et ytterligere aspekt av oppfinnelsen er derfor én av fremgangsmåtene beskrevet over for fremstilling av roflumilast, karakterisert ved at reaksjon av anionet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1) med et aktivert derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) utføres i dimetylformamid.
Enda et ytterligere aspekt av oppfinnelsen er derfor én av fremgangsmåtene beskrevet over for fremstilling av roflumilast, karakterisert ved at reaksjon av anionet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1) med et aktivert derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) utføres i N-metylpyrrolidon.
Reaksjonstemperaturene for omdannelsen er mellom 0 °C og kokepunktet til det anvendte løsningsmiddel. Omdannelsen utføres fortrinnsvis ved temperaturer mellom 15 og 40 °C, svært spesielt foretrukket mellom 20 og 30 °C.
Et ytterligere aspekt av oppfinnelsen er derfor én av fremgangsmåtene beskrevet over for fremstilling av roflumilast, karakterisert ved at reaksjon av anionet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1) med et aktivert derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) utføres ved en temperatur mellom 15 og 40 °C, fortrinnsvis ved en temperatur mellom 20 og 30 °C.
I reaksjonen av anionet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1) med et aktivert derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) er det mulig å tilsette enten anionet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1) eller det aktiverte derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) til den respektive andre reaktant. Imidlertid er fremgangsmåten hvor det aktiverte derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre tilsettes som andre reaktant til anionet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1) foretrukket.
Aktiverte derivater av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) er de tilsvarende syrehalider, spesielt syrekloridet og syrebromidet eller ellers et anhydrid [LG tilsvarer da Cl, Br eller OC(0)-l-4C-alkyl]. Syrehalidene er foretrukket i denne sammenheng, og syrekloridet er svært spesielt foretrukket.
Et ytterligere aspekt av oppfinnelsen er derfor fremgangsmåten beskrevet over for fremstilling av roflumilast, karakterisert ved at det aktiverte derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre er et 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzoylhalid, spesielt 3- cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzoylklorid.
KOtBu er spesielt passende for fremstilling av anionet av 4- amino-3,5-diklorpyridin.
Det molare forhold av anvendt KOtBu til 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin er i dette tilfelle fordelaktig i området fra 0,8 til 1,1 og fortrinnsvis i området fra 0,9 til 1,0.
Et ytterligere aspekt av oppfinnelsen er derfor én av fremgangsmåtene beskrevet over for fremstilling av roflumilast, karakterisert ved at det molare forhold av anvendt base til 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin i aniondannelsen er mellom 0,8 og 1,1, fortrinnsvis mellom 0,9 og 1,0.
Det aktiverte derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre fremstilles ved metoder kjent for fagmannen. Det tilsvarende syreklorid fremstilles, for eksempel, fortrinnsvis ved å reagere 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre med tionylklorid i nærvær av katalytiske meng-der dimetylformamid i et inert løsningsmiddel. Et eksempel på et inert løsningsmiddel er toluen eller xylen; klore-ringsreaksjonen utføres typisk ved 70 til 90 °C.
Roflumilast fremstilt ved fremgangsmåtene beskrevet over kjennetegnes ved en renhet på > 99 vekt%. Krystallisasjon fra isopropanol/vann (forhold: mellom 85:15 og 100:0 volumprosent, fortrinnsvis mellom 90:10 og 95:5 volumprosent) tillater renheten å bli økt ytterligere til > 99,8 vekt%.
Et ytterligere aspekt av oppfinnelsen er derfor én av fremgangsmåtene beskrevet over for fremstilling av roflumilast, karakterisert ved at produktet som resulterer fra fremgangsmåten omkrystalliseres i en blanding av isopropanol og vann (forhold isopropanol/vann: mellom 85:15 og 100:0 volumprosent, fortrinnsvis mellom 90:10 og 95:5 volumprosent).
Fremgangsmåtene ifølge oppfinnelsen for fremstillingen av roflumilast er spesielt nyttige for storskala fremstilling av roflumilast; høyrent roflumilast kan fremstilles i en skala på ca 5 til 500 kg per batch.
De følgende eksempler tjener til å illustrere oppfinnelsen ytterligere uten å begrense den.
Syntese av roflumilast - koblingstrinn
Kaliumsaltsuspensjonen av anionet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin i DMF (2-2,5 ekvivalenter) introduseres i et reaksjonskar. En løsning av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluor-metoksybenzoylklorid (1 ekvivalent) i DMF tilsettes langsomt til denne suspensjon under kraftig omrøring ved en temperatur på 15 til 40 °C, fortrinnsvis 20 til 30 °C. Etter at reaksjonen er fullstendig tilsettes vann langsomt under omrøring ved 15-25 °C, og pH justeres til 2-3 med saltsyre.
Det faste stoff sentrifugeres eller filtreres, vaskes med vann, resuspenderes i en natriumhydroksidløsning (pH = 9-10), sentrifugeres eller filtreres igjen og vaskes med vann. Dette fuktige råmateriale underkastes, hvis ønsket, en omkrystallisasjon fra en isopropanol/vannblanding (forhold mellom 85:15 og 100:0, fortrinnsvis 95:5 volumprosent) . Det resulterende produkt sentrifugeres eller filtreres og tørkes in vacuo ved en temperatur som ikke overskrider 60 °C.
Syntese av 3- cyklopropylmetoksy- 4- difluormetoksybenzoylklo-rid
Et reaksjonskar fylles med toluen, en katalytisk mengde DMF (1-5 vekt% av mengden av tionylklorid anvendt) og 1 ekvivalent 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre. Under omrøring tilsettes langsomt 1 til 4 ekvivalenter tionylklorid ved 70 til 90 °C.
Etter at reaksjonen er fullstendig konsentreres reaksjonsblandingen in vacuo ved 45 til 60 °C, og løsningsmidlet toluen erstattes av DMF; den resulterende 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzoylkloridløsning anvendes uten ytterligere rensing i det etterfølgende koblingstrinn.
Syntese av kaliumsaltet av 4- amino- 3, 5- diklorpyridin
Et reaksjonskar fylles med DMF og 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1 ekvivalent). Under kraftig omrøring tilsettes kalium-tert-butoksid (0,8-1,1, fortrinnsvis 0,9-1,0 ekvivalent) i porsjoner ved en temperatur mellom 15 og 30 °C. En suspensjon av kaliumsaltet av anionet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin oppnås og anvendes uten ytterligere rensing i det et-terfølgende koblingstrinn.
Prosess A: Standardprosess som beskrevet over; syntese av kaliumsaltet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin ved å anvende 1 ekvivalent 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin og 1 ekvivalent kalium- tert-butoksid .
Prosess B: Forskjellig fra prosess A ved at kaliumsaltet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin fremstilles ved å anvende 1 ekvivalent 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin og 0,91 ekvivalent kalium-tert-butoksid.
Prosess C: Forskjellig fra standardprosessen ved at N-metylpyrrolidon anvendes som løsningsmiddel istedenfor DMF i koblingstrinnet og i fremstillingen av kaliumsaltet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin.
Prosess D: Forskjellig fra standardprosessen ved at bare 1,8 ekvivalenter, istedenfor 2-2,5 ekvivalenter, av kaliumsaltet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin anvendes i koblingstrinnet .
Prosess E: Forskjellig fra standardprosessen ved at 2,7 ekvivalenter, istedenfor 2-2,5 ekvivalenter, av kaliumsaltet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin anvendes i koblingstrinnet.
Prosess F: Forskjellig fra standardprosessen ved at kaliumsaltet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin fremstilles ved å anvende 1 ekvivalent 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin og 1,83 ekvivalenter kalium-tert-butoksid.
Prosess G: Den forbedrede prosess beskrevet i Organic Process Research & Development 2, 157-168 (1998) for fremstilling av piclamilast (koblingstrinn) anvendes analogt for fremstillingen av roflumilast.
Claims (12)
1. Fremgangsmåte for fremstillingen av roflumilast ved å reagere anionet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1)
hvor A<+> er et kaliumkation, med et aktivert derivat av 3-5 cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2),
hvor LG er en passende utgående gruppe valgt fra et kloratom, et bromatom eller et radikal med formel OC(0)-1-4C-alkyl, karakterisert ved at a) det molare forhold av det anvendte anion av 4-amino-3,5-io diklorpyridin (1) til det aktiverte derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) er minst 1,8 og høyst 2,7, b) reaksjonen av anionet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1) med det aktiverte derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-15 4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) utføres i et løsningsmiddel valgt fra dimetylformamid eller N-metylpyrrolidon, c) reaksjonen av anionet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1) med det aktiverte derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) utføres ved en temperatur mellom 0 °C og kokepunktet til det anvendte inerte løsningsmiddel, og d) KOtBu anvendes for å fremstille anionet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1).
2. Fremgangsmåte ifølge krav 1,
karakterisert ved at det molare forhold av det anvendte anion av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1) til det aktiverte derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) er minst 2 og høyst 2,5.
3. Fremgangsmåte ifølge krav 1,
karakterisert ved at det molare forhold av det anvendte anion av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1) til det aktiverte derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) er 2,2.
4. Fremgangsmåte ifølge et hvilket som helst av kravene 1 til 3,
karakterisert ved at reaksjonen av anionet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1) med et aktivert derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) utføres i dimetylformamid.
5. Fremgangsmåte ifølge et hvilket som helst av kravene 1 til 3,
karakterisert ved at reaksjonen av anionet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1) med et aktivert derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) utføres i N-metylpyrrolidon.
6. Fremgangsmåte ifølge et hvilket som helst av kravene 1 til 5,
karakterisert ved at reaksjonen av anionet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1) med et aktivert derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) utføres ved en temperatur mellom 15 °C og 40 °C.
7. Fremgangsmåte ifølge et hvilket som helst av kravene 1 til 5,
karakterisert ved at reaksjonen av anionet av 4-amino-3,5-diklorpyridin (1) med et aktivert derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) utføres ved en temperatur mellom 20 °C og 30 °C.
8. Fremgangsmåte ifølge et hvilket som helst av kravene 1 til 7,
karakterisert ved at det aktiverte derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) er 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzoylklorid.
9. Fremgangsmåte ifølge et hvilket som helst av kravene 1 til 7,
karakterisert ved at det aktiverte derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) er 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzoylbromid.
10. Fremgangsmåte ifølge et hvilket som helst av kravene 1 til 7,
karakterisert ved at det aktiverte derivat av 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre (2) er en 3-cyklopropylmetoksy-4-difluormetoksybenzosyre-l-4C-alkyl-ester.
11. Fremgangsmåte ifølge et hvilket som helst av kravene 1 til 10,
karakterisert ved at produktet resulterende fra fremgangsmåten omkrystalliseres i en blanding av isopropanol og vann og forholdet av isopropanol/vann er mellom 85:15 og 100:0 volumprosent.
12. Fremgangsmåte ifølge et hvilket som helst av kravene 1 til 10,
karakterisert ved at produktet resulterende fra fremgangsmåten omkrystalliseres i en blanding av isopropanol og vann og forholdet av isopropanol/vann er mellom 90:10 og 95:5 volumprosent.
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