JP6312821B2 - 磁気性能が改善又は回復されたnd−fe−b磁石を形成するための磁石の再生 - Google Patents
磁気性能が改善又は回復されたnd−fe−b磁石を形成するための磁石の再生 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6312821B2 JP6312821B2 JP2016521523A JP2016521523A JP6312821B2 JP 6312821 B2 JP6312821 B2 JP 6312821B2 JP 2016521523 A JP2016521523 A JP 2016521523A JP 2016521523 A JP2016521523 A JP 2016521523A JP 6312821 B2 JP6312821 B2 JP 6312821B2
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Description
本開示は、廃棄磁石材料からネオジム鉄ボロン(Nd-Fe-B)焼結磁石を製造することに関する。
一般に、本明細書に記載される主題の革新的な一態様は、廃棄磁石アセンブリ由来の磁性材料を、該磁性材料の周期的な加熱及び冷却によって消磁し、該磁性材料に付着した接着剤を断片化し、該磁性材料のコーティング層にひびを入れ、そして該磁性材料に(a)機械的な処理、又は(b)化学的な処理の少なくとも1つを行って該コーティング層を除去して、不純物を含まない磁性材料を用意するアクション;該消磁磁性材料を断片化して粉末を形成するアクション;並びに該粉末を(a)希土類材料R及び(b)元素添加物Aと混合して均質な粉末を生成するアクションであって、該希土類材料Rが:(a)Nd又は(b)Prの少なくとも1つを含み得、かつ該元素添加物Aが:(a)Nd、(b)Pr、(c)Dy、(d)Co、(e)Cu、及び(f)Feの少なくとも1つを含み得る、該アクションを含む方法に具体化することができる。この態様の他の実施態様は、それぞれこの方法のアクションを行うように構成された、対応するコンピュータシステム、装置、及び1つ以上のコンピュータ記憶装置に記録されたコンピュータプログラムを含む。1つ以上のコンピュータのシステムは、動作中に該システムにアクションを行わせる該システムにインストールされたソフトウェア、ファームウェア、ハードウェア、又はこれらの組み合わせを有することによって特定の動作又はアクションを行うように構成することができる。1つ以上のコンピュータプログラムは、データ処理装置によって実行されると、該装置にアクションを実行させる命令を含めることによって特定の動作又はアクションを行わせるように構成することができる。
一部の実施によると、廃棄磁石、例えば、バルク磁性材料及び/又は使用済み(EOL:end-of-life)磁石を用いてフルデンスNd-Fe-B焼結磁石を製造する方法が説明される。バルク磁石とは、最終製品仕上げされていない、特にコーティング材料が施されていない磁性材料のことである。バルク磁石材料の一例として、製造中に生じる材料のロス、削り(屑)、及び非効率さの結果として廃棄される磁性材料である。このような材料に対して業界で使用される別の用語はドロップ(drop)である。使用済み(EOL)磁石とは、最終製品仕上げ、特にコーティング材料が施された磁石及び磁石片のことである。EOL磁石材料の例として、廃棄された製品から回収された磁石又は磁石片が挙げられる。例えば、磁気回路、アセンブリ、又は他の基板から分離されても、なおそのコーティングを保持し得る磁石。使用済み製品は、EOL磁石を含む製品、例えば、ハードディスクドライブである。
(1)Nd[0.1〜19at%×s(Nd), x]Pr[0.1〜19at%×s(Pr), y]Dy[0.1〜19%×s(Dy), z]Co[0, d]Cu[0, e]Fe[0, f]
廃棄磁石は、以下の表1Aに示される誘導結合プラズマ(ICP)分析及び酸素/炭素元素分析装置によって決定される成分の質量割合を有する。透磁率計を使用して、以下の表1Bに示されている、混合廃棄磁石の磁気特性、例えば、残留磁気、保持度などを決定した。表1A及び表1Bは、廃棄磁石材料を特徴付ける。
EOL磁石開始材料は、磁化形態で供給された。EOL磁石は、当初はEOL製品内のFe基材に取り付けられていた。磁石を消磁して、上でより詳細に説明された周期的な加熱プロセスを用いてFe基材から分離した。実施例1で開示された再生ステップを使用して、混合EOL磁石を処理して、新しいフルデンスNd-Fe-B焼結磁石製品を形成した。
廃棄開始材料の磁石を、ICP及び浸透率計によって特徴付けた。この特徴付けについては、表4A及び表4Bをそれぞれ参照されたい。0.5〜8%のNd、Dy、Co、Cu、及びFe添加物を、表5A及び表5Bの添加物の列に示されているように廃棄磁石に添加した。新しいNd-Fe-B焼結製品の組成及び磁気特性はそれぞれ、表5A及び表5Bに示されている。
Claims (40)
- 再生Nd-Fe-B永久磁石を製造する方法であって:
廃棄磁石アセンブリ由来の磁性材料を、該廃棄磁石アセンブリの該磁性材料の、不活性雰囲気における周期的な加熱及び冷却により消磁するステップと;
該消磁磁性材料を断片化して、第1又は第2の再生Nd-Fe-B粉末を形成するステップと;
該第1又は第2の再生Nd-Fe-B粉末を、(a) 少なくとも1つの希土類材料Rの粉体、及び(b) 少なくとも1つの元素添加物Aの粉体と混合し、任意に、結果として生じる粉末混合物を均質化して、均質な粉末混合物を生成するステップであって、該希土類材料RがNd又はPrの少なくとも1つを含み、かつ該元素添加物Aが、Dy、Co、Cu、及びFeの少なくとも1つを含む、前記ステップと;
該均質な粉末混合物を焼結及び磁化して、1.98at%以下のレベルの酸素を含む再生Nd-Fe-B永久磁石を形成するステップと
を含み、ここで
該第1の再生Nd-Fe-B粉末が、約1μm〜約2mmの平均粒径を有し、かつ
該第2の再生Nd-Fe-B粉末が、約1μm〜約4μmの平均粒径を有し;かつ、該再生Nd-Fe-B永久磁石が:
(a)該廃棄磁石アセンブリ由来の該廃棄磁石材料の残留磁気及び保磁度と少なくとも同じである残留磁気及び保磁度;又は
(b)該廃棄磁石アセンブリ由来の該廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石材料の保磁度よりも約0〜約20%高い保磁度;又は
(c)該廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石の残留磁気の約97%である残留磁気、及び、該廃棄磁石アセンブリ由来の該廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石材料の保磁度よりも少なくとも30%高い保磁度;又は
(d)該廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石の残留磁気の約95%である残留磁気、及び、該廃棄磁石アセンブリ由来の該廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石材料の保磁度よりも少なくとも80%高い保磁度;又は
(e)該廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石の残留磁気よりも約5%高い残留磁気、及び、該廃棄磁石アセンブリ由来の該廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石材料の保磁度と少なくとも同じである保磁度
を示す、前記方法。 - 前記再生Nd-Fe-Bが、約1μm〜約2mmの平均粒径を有する前記第1の再生Nd-Fe-B粉末であり、前記希土類材料Rの粉体及び前記元素添加物Aの粉体と混合されて、均質な粉末混合物を生成する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記再生Nd-Fe-Bが、約1μm〜約4μmの平均粒径を有する前記第2の再生Nd-Fe-B粉末であり、前記希土類材料Rの粉体及び前記元素添加物Aの粉体と混合されて、均質な粉末混合物を生成する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石から消磁磁性材料を断片化して、第1又は第2の再生Nd-Fe-B粉末を形成するステップが、約1μm〜約2mmの平均粒径を有する第1の再生Nd-Fe-B粉末を形成するステップ、及びこの第1の再生Nd-Fe-B粉末を更に断片化及び均質化して、該第1の再生Nd-Fe-B粉末の酸素含有量よりも低い酸素含有量を有する該第2の再生Nd-Fe-B粉末を提供するように、ふるい分けにより該第1の再生Nd-Fe-B粉末の平均粒径よりも大きい粒子の画分を除去することによって、約1μm〜約4μmの平均粒径を有する第2の再生Nd-Fe-B粉末を形成するステップを含む、請求項3記載の方法。
- 前記第1の再生Nd-Fe-B粉末の平均粒径よりも大きい粒子の画分を除去することが、不活性雰囲気中で行われる、請求項4記載の方法。
- 前記不活性雰囲気が、アルゴンを含む、請求項5記載の方法。
- 前記均質な粉末混合物を、前記元素添加物Aから選択される別の元素の粉体、又は前記希土類材料Rから選択される別の元素の粉体、又はその両方と混合するステップを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記再生Nd-Fe-B永久磁石が、該再生Nd-Fe-B永久磁石全体に広がっている複数の粒界領域を含み、該複数の粒界領域が、前記廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石の対応する粒界領域中に存在する濃度よりも高い希土類材料R及び元素添加物Aの濃度を有する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記希土類材料Rが、焼結中に酸素を含まないNdPrに変換するNdPrH3を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記希土類材料Rの粉体が、全均質な粉末混合物に対して0.1原子%〜1原子%のレベルで存在する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記希土類材料Rの粉体が、Ndが25wt%でPrが75wt%の比率でNd及びPrを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記希土類材料Rの粉体、及び前記元素添加物Aの粉体が、前記再生Nd-Fe-B粉末と連続的に混合されて、均質な粉末混合物を生成する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記希土類材料Rの粉体、前記元素添加物Aの粉体、及び前記再生Nd-Fe-B粉末が、同時に混合されて、均質な粉末混合物を生成する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記断片化ステップ及び混合ステップが、同時に行われる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記均質な粉末が、1〜4μmの平均粒径を有する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 約1μm〜約2mmの平均粒径を有する前記第1の再生Nd-Fe-B粉末と、
前記希土類材料Rの粉体及び前記元素添加物Aの粉体と
を混合して、約1μm〜約4μmの平均粒径を有する均質な粉末混合物を生成するステップを含む、請求項1記載の方法。 - 約1μm〜約4μmの平均粒径を有する前記第2の再生Nd-Fe-B粉末と、
前記希土類材料Rの粉体及び前記元素添加物Aの粉体と
を混合して、約1μm〜約4μmの平均粒径を有する均質な粉末混合物を生成するステップを含む、請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記均質な粉末混合物に潤滑剤を添加し、かつ該均質な粉末混合物を圧縮して圧粉体を形成するステップと;
該圧粉体を約1000℃〜約1100℃の温度で焼結するステップと;
該焼結圧粉体を約490℃〜約950℃で加熱処理するステップと;
該加熱処理した圧粉体を15℃未満の不活性雰囲気に磁化して、再生Nd-Fe-B永久磁石を形成するステップとを更に含む、請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記再生Nd-Fe-B永久磁石が、1.32〜1.98at%の酸素を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記再生Nd-Fe-B永久磁石が、前記廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石と少なくとも同じ残留磁気及び保磁度を示す、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記再生Nd-Fe-B永久磁石が、
(a) 前記廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石の保磁度よりも約0〜約20%高い保磁度;又は
(b) 前記廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石の残留磁気の約97%である残留磁気、及び該廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石の保磁度よりも少なくとも30%高い保磁度;又は
(c) 前記廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石の残留磁気の約95%である残留磁気、及び該廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石の保磁度よりも少なくとも80%高い保磁度;又は
(d) 前記廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石の残留磁気よりも約5%高い残留磁気、及び該廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石の保磁度と少なくとも同じである保磁度
を示す、請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記再生Nd-Fe-B永久磁石が、5μm未満の平均粒径を有する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記再生Nd-Fe-B永久磁石が、2.5μm未満の平均粒径を有する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記再生Nd-Fe-B永久磁石が、約7.56g/cm3〜約7.6g/cm3の密度を有する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記再生Nd-Fe-B永久磁石が、3原子%以下の濃度でCoを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記再生Nd-Fe-B永久磁石が、0.3原子%以下の濃度でCuを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記再生Nd-Fe-B永久磁石が、77原子%以下の合計濃度でFe及びCoを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記再生Nd-Fe-B永久磁石が、18原子%以下の合計濃度でNd、Dy、及びPrを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記再生Nd-Fe-B永久磁石が、実質的にWaRbAcの組成を有することを特徴とし、
ここで、Wは、前記廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石由来の消磁Nd-Fe-B材料に対応するNd-Fe-B材料の成分を含み;
添え字a、b、及びcは、対応する成分又は元素の原子百分率に対応し;
a(t)は、該再生Nd-Fe-B永久磁石の組成に対するW中の元素tの原子百分率であり;
b(t)は、該再生Nd-Fe-B永久磁石の組成に対する前記希土類含有材料R中の元素tの原子百分率であり;
c(t)は、該再生Nd-Fe-B永久磁石の組成に対する前記元素添加物A中の元素tの原子百分率であり;かつ
a、b、c、a(t)、b(t)、及びc(t)が、
81at%≦a≦99.9at%、
0.1at%≦b≦19at%、
3at%−99.9%×a(Co)≦c(Co)≦3at%−81%×a(Co)、
0.3at%−99.9%×a(Cu)≦c(Cu)≦0.3at%−81%×a(Cu)、
77at%−99.9%×(a(Fe)+a(Co))≦c(Fe)≦77at%−81%×(a(Fe)+a(Co))、
a(Nd)+b(Nd)+c(Nd)+a(Pr)+b(Pr)+c(Pr)>0at%、
a(Nd)+b(Nd)+c(Nd)+a(Pr)+b(Pr)+c(Pr)+a(Dy)+b(Dy)+c(Dy)≦18at%、
a(Co)+b(Co)+c(Co)≦3at%、
a(Cu)+b(Cu)+c(Cu)≦0.3at%、
a(Fe)+b(Fe)+c(Fe)+a(Co)+b(Co)+c(Co)≦77at%、及び
b(Nd)+c(Nd)+b(Pr)+c(Pr)+b(Dy)+c(Dy)≧0at%
を満たす値を有する、請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記再生Nd-Fe-B永久磁石が、実質的にWaRbAcの組成を有することを特徴とし、
ここで、Wは、前記廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石由来のNd-Fe-B材料を含み、かつ添え字a、b、及びcは、対応する成分又は元素の原子百分率を含み、前記希土類材料R及び前記元素添加物Aが:
Nd[0.1−19%×s(Nd), x]、
Pr[0.1−19%×s(Pr), y]、
Dy[0.1−19%×s(Dy), z]、
Co[0at%, d]、
Cu[0at%, e]、
Fe[0at%, f]
を満たし、
式中:
[m, n]が、最小区間mの第一の値から最大区間nの第二の値までの範囲を意味し;
s(t)が、開始組成中の元素tの原子百分率であり;
x=18at%−[81, 99.9]%×(s(Nd)+s(Pr)+s(Dy));
y=18at%−[81, 99.9]%×(s(Nd)+s(Pr)+s(Dy));
z=18at%−[81, 99.9]%×(s(Nd)+s(Pr)+s(Dy));
d=3at%−[81, 99.9]%×s(Co);
e=0.3at%−[81, 99.9]%×s(Cu);及び
f=77at%−[81, 99.9]%×(s(Fe)+s(Co))である、請求項1記載の方法。 - 1以上の廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石アセンブリから、下記によって消磁磁性材料を回収するステップを更に含む、請求項1記載の方法:
各廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石アセンブリを、廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石及び非磁石材料に物理的に分離するステップ;
各廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石から残留するコーティング又は接着剤を除去するステップ;及び
各廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石を消磁して、該廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石から消磁磁性材料を形成するステップ。 - 前記残留するコーティング又は接着剤を除去するステップが、前記廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石に、機械的な断片化若しくはひび入れ処理、又は化学的な処理の少なくとも1つを施すことを含む、請求項31記載の方法。
- 前記コーティングが、前記廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石の電解黒色エポキシ、Ni、Ni-Cu、Ni-Ni、Ni-Cu-Ni、又はZnコーティング層から選択される、請求項32記載の方法。
- 前記各廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石を消磁するステップが、周期的な、該廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石のキュリー温度までの加熱及び各廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石の少なくとも100℃/秒のレートでの冷却を含む、請求項31記載の方法。
- 前記周期的な加熱及び冷却が、
各廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石を該廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石のキュリー温度まで加熱するステップと;
次いで、該廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石を少なくとも100℃/秒のレートで冷却するステップと
を含む、請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記再生Nd-Fe-B永久磁石中のNd、Pr、及びDyの合計原子百分率が、前記廃棄Nd-Fe-B磁石中のNd、Pr、及びDyの合計原子百分率以上である、請求項1記載の方法。
- (a)前記希土類材料Rの粉体が、前記均質な粉末中に、均質な粉末混合物全体を基準として0.1at%〜1at%のレベルで存在し、
(b)前記希土類材料Rが、Ndが75wt%でPrが25wt%の比率で、
(i)Nd又は
(ii)Prの少なくとも一方を含み、かつ
(c)前記残留磁気及び前記保磁度が、前記廃棄磁石アセンブリ由来の廃棄磁石部分と少なくとも同じである、請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記第1又は第2の再生Nd-Fe-B粉末が、1.98at%以下のレベルの酸素を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第1の再生Nd-Fe-B粉末が、1.98at%以下のレベルの酸素を含む、請求項16記載の方法。
- 前記第2の再生Nd-Fe-B粉末が、1.98at%以下のレベルの酸素を含む、請求項17記載の方法。
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BR112015031725A2 (pt) | 2017-07-25 |
EP3790029A1 (en) | 2021-03-10 |
US20150069677A1 (en) | 2015-03-12 |
EP3011573B1 (en) | 2020-06-10 |
US9144865B2 (en) | 2015-09-29 |
EP3011573A2 (en) | 2016-04-27 |
US20140369881A1 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
US9067284B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 |
JP2018157212A (ja) | 2018-10-04 |
CN105723480B (zh) | 2018-07-17 |
AU2014281646A1 (en) | 2016-02-11 |
US9044834B2 (en) | 2015-06-02 |
JP2020047926A (ja) | 2020-03-26 |
TW201517075A (zh) | 2015-05-01 |
CN105723480A (zh) | 2016-06-29 |
HK1222472A1 (zh) | 2017-06-30 |
US9095940B2 (en) | 2015-08-04 |
JP2022062051A (ja) | 2022-04-19 |
US20150294786A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
JP2016532287A (ja) | 2016-10-13 |
US20140366687A1 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
JP2024045161A (ja) | 2024-04-02 |
WO2014205002A3 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
US20150068030A1 (en) | 2015-03-12 |
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