JP6276030B2 - 磁石の再利用 - Google Patents
磁石の再利用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6276030B2 JP6276030B2 JP2013541418A JP2013541418A JP6276030B2 JP 6276030 B2 JP6276030 B2 JP 6276030B2 JP 2013541418 A JP2013541418 A JP 2013541418A JP 2013541418 A JP2013541418 A JP 2013541418A JP 6276030 B2 JP6276030 B2 JP 6276030B2
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 101
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 97
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910000938 samarium–cobalt magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 27
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000828 alnico Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydride compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000612 Sm alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPLQYGBQNPPQGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt samarium Chemical compound [Co].[Sm] KPLQYGBQNPPQGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- OPXJEFFTWKGCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Ni].[Cu] OPXJEFFTWKGCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010902 jet-milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010812 mixed waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
- C22B7/002—Dry processes by treating with halogens, sulfur or compounds thereof; by carburising, by treating with hydrogen (hydriding)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals
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- C22C1/0441—Alloys based on intermetallic compounds of the type rare earth - Co, Ni
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
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- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
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- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0573—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes obtained by reduction or by hydrogen decrepitation or embrittlement
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Description
また、組立品は、水素ガスへの暴露の前に完全に無傷のままであってもよい。
本発明は、例として添付図を参照することによって記載される。
熱電温度計44は、反応容器12内の温度を監視するために設けられている。
1.再利用された粒子を、鉄およびホウ素などの他の成分から希土類元素を分離するために、溶融塩電解などの精製処理に投入することができる。
2.前記粒子を、(任意に)ジェットミルし、押圧し、続いて新しい磁石に焼結することができる。
3.前記粒子を、ボンド磁石のための材料を作製するために、再溶融し、溶融紡糸することができる。
4.前記粒子は、水素中で加熱され、続いて適切な接着剤と混合されることによって、ボンド磁石用細粒材料を作製するために脱ガスされてもよい。
5.脱ガスされた粒子は、エポキシなどの接着剤と直接に混合され、続いて安価なボンド磁石を作製するために押圧されてもよい。
Claims (27)
- 希土類磁石を含む組立品から希土類粒状材料を回収するための方法であって、
(i)前記組立品を反応容器内に構成された多孔性容器に配置する工程と、
(ii)前記希土類磁石を水素粉砕させるために前記組立品に水素ガスを暴露して希土類粒状材料を得る工程と、
(iii)前記多孔性容器を回転させることにより、前記組立品から前記希土類粒状材料を分離する工程とを含み、
前記(iii)の工程において、前記組立品に水素ガスを暴露している間、または暴露した後に、前記多孔性容器を回転させることを含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記希土類磁石は、NdFeBまたはSmCoであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記希土類磁石は、水素粉砕の間に消磁されることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記希土類磁石は、加熱によって消磁されることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記組立品は、水素と1以上の不活性ガスとの混合物に暴露されることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記組立品は、10%以下の水素を含む大気に暴露されることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記水素への前記希土類磁石の暴露を容易にするために、前記水素ガスに前記組立品を暴露する前に前記組立品を開ける初期工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記組立品を開ける初期工程は、前記組立品の破壊的処理を含むことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記組立品の破壊的処理は、酸素の非存在下で行われることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記組立品は、水素ガスに暴露されるのと同時に破壊的に処理されることを特徴とする請求項5または6に記載の方法。
- 前記水素ガスの圧力は、1mbar〜100barであることを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記水素粉砕は、600℃以下の温度で行われることを特徴とする請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記組立品は、10分〜2週間の期間にわたって水素ガスに暴露されることを特徴とする請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記希土類粒状材料から水素を除去するために脱ガスする工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 脱ガスは、前記希土類粒状材料を加熱することによって行われることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の方法。
- 脱ガスは、800℃以下の温度で行われることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記希土類磁石はSm2Co17であり、前記水素粉砕は少なくとも70℃の温度、および/または少なくとも7barの圧力で行われることを特徴とする請求項2〜16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- NdFeBまたはSmCo5磁石、およびSm2Co17磁石を含む組立品から、NdFeBまたはSmCo5粒状材料を回収するための方法であって、
室温および2barの圧力で水素ガスに前記組立品を暴露し、それによってNdFeBまたはSmCo5粒状材料が作製される工程と、
前記組立品の残りの部分からNdFeBまたはSmCo5粒状材料を、回転によって分離する工程とを含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 請求項1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、
前記希土類磁石は、被覆を有し、
水素粉砕を行うために水素ガスに前記組立品を暴露することによって、希土類粒状材料に加えて被覆粒子が作製され、
前記希土類粒状材料から前記被覆粒子を分離する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記被覆粒子の少なくともいくつかは、酸化された希土類粒状材料に結合されていることを特徴とする請求項19に記載の方法。
- 希土類磁石を含む組立品から希土類粒状材料を分離するための装置であって、
気密シールを形成するために閉じることができる開口部を有する反応容器と、
前記反応容器内に構成され、前記組立品から前記希土類粒状材料を分離するための分離手段と、
前記分離手段により分離された前記希土類粒状材料を収集するための収集手段と、
前記反応容器内のガスを排気するための真空ポンプと、
前記反応容器への水素ガスの供給を制御するガス制御システムとを備え、
前記反応容器は、前記真空ポンプと前記ガス制御システムとに接続され、
前記分離手段は、前記反応容器内の回転可能な多孔性容器に希土類磁石を含む組立品を配置し、前記水素ガスを暴露することにより水素粉砕して得られる希土類粒状材料を多孔性容器の回転により分離するものであって、前記多孔性容器の孔は、希土類粒状材料が該孔を通過可能な寸法であり、
前記収集手段は、前記反応容器から分離された構成であって、
前記反応容器と前記収集手段との間に弁を備え、前記希土類粒状材料を前記反応容器から前記収集手段に排出することを特徴とする装置。 - 水素粉砕の前に前記組立品を、開けるための手段または破壊的に処理するための破壊的処理手段をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項21に記載の装置。
- 前記破壊的処理手段は、シュレッダを備えることを特徴とする請求項22に記載の装置。
- 前記組立品を前記破壊的処理手段から前記反応容器に搬送するための運搬装置をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項22に記載の装置。
- 水素粉砕および/または脱ガスの間に前記反応容器を加熱するためのヒータをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項21〜24のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記収集手段は、前記反応容器またはその一部によって構成されることを特徴とする請求項21〜25のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記収集手段は、弁が開かれたときに前記希土類粒状材料が重力によって前記収集手段に落下するように、前記反応容器の下に位置することを特徴とする請求項21〜25のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
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GB1020383.4 | 2010-12-02 | ||
PCT/GB2011/001680 WO2012072989A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 | 2011-12-02 | Magnet recycling |
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