JP6118805B2 - 電極構造およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
電極構造およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6118805B2 JP6118805B2 JP2014535756A JP2014535756A JP6118805B2 JP 6118805 B2 JP6118805 B2 JP 6118805B2 JP 2014535756 A JP2014535756 A JP 2014535756A JP 2014535756 A JP2014535756 A JP 2014535756A JP 6118805 B2 JP6118805 B2 JP 6118805B2
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Description
本願は、2009年5月26日に出願された米国仮出願第61/181,058号の利益を主張するものであり、すべての図、表および図面を含む当該出願の開示内容は、出典明示によりすべて本明細書に組み入れられる。
表示がなくても当業者が発明を理解できる場合には、見易くするため、全ての図においてすべての成分に符号が付されているわけではなく、また本発明の各実施形態のすべての成分について符号が付されているわけでもない。図では:
20m/分より大きくてもよい。いくつかの場合では、ウェブ速度は、50m/分未満、30m/分未満、20m/分未満、15m/分未満、10m/分未満、または5m/分未満でもよい。他の速度も可能である。上記の範囲の組合せも可能である。
1g/cm3未満、0.5g/cm3未満、0.1g/cm3未満、0.1g/cm3と10g/cm3の間、0.1g/cm3と5g/cm3の間、または0.1g/cm3と3g/cm3の間である。
クロム酸銀、酸化銀および五酸化バナジウム、酸化銅、オキシリン酸銅、硫化鉛、硫化銅、硫化鉄、ビスマス酸鉛、ビスマス三酸化物、二酸化コバルト、塩化銅、二酸化マンガンおよびカーボン。別の実施形態では、カソード活性層は、電気活性導電性ポリマーを含む。適切な電気活性導電性ポリマーの例は、限定されるものではないが、ポリピロール、ポリアニリン、ポリフェニレン、ポリチオフェン、およびポリアセチレンから成る群から選択される電気活性導電性ポリマーを含む。導電性ポリマーの例は、ポリピロール、ポリアニリン、およびポリアセチレンを含む。
ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニリデンフルオライドおよびその誘導体、炭化水素、ポリエチレン、ポリスチレン、ポリエチレンオキサイド、および炭化水素フラグメントとヘテロ原子を含む様々なポリマーを含んでもよい。カソード内のバインダーの量は、いくつかの場合、比較的少なくてもよい。例えば、いくつかの実施形態では、カソードは、約20重量%未満、約10重量%未満、約5重量%未満、約2重量%未満、または約1重量%未満のバインダーを含んでもよい。比較的少量のバインダーの使用は、電解質と電気活性材料(硫黄等のカソード活性材料またはリチウム等のアノード活性材料)との間および/または電解質と電極導電材料との間の、流体連絡を向上させることを可能とする。さらに、少量のバインダーの使用は、電極活性材料と電極導電材料(例えばカーボン)との間の接触、または電極導電材料自身内部の接触(例えば、カーボン−カーボン接触)を向上させる可能性がある。
上記の溶媒の混合物も用いることができる。
Claims (26)
- リチウム金属を含む電気活性層、
該電気活性層に隣接し、厚さが1ミクロンより大きく、20ミクロン未満である窒化リチウム層、および
リチウム塩を含むポリマーゲル電解質層、を含む電気化学セル用物品であって、
該ポリマーゲル電解質層は、該窒化リチウム層に隣接し、少なくとも1×10−4S/cmのリチウムイオン伝導度と、50N/cm2より大きい降伏応力を有し、
該電気化学セル用物品には、該電気化学セル用物品の表面に垂直な成分を含む異方性力が加えられており、該成分の圧力が少なくとも80N/cm2 〜200N/cm 2 未満であり、
前記窒化リチウム層が、リチウム金属とLi 3 Nの両方を含む勾配領域を含み、該勾配領域が少なくとも0.005ミクロン〜10ミクロン未満の厚さを有し、該勾配領域のいかなる場所でも、Li 3 Nに対するLi金属のモル比が、1:1000と10:1の間であり、そして
前記電解質層の降伏応力が、前記物品に加えられる圧力の垂直成分の、100倍未満である、該電気化学セル用物品。 - 前記窒化リチウム層の厚さが、2ミクロンより大きい、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記窒化リチウム層の厚さが、10ミクロン未満である、請求項2に記載の物品。
- 前記窒化リチウム層が実質的に液体を通さない、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記窒化リチウム層が空孔を含む、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記窒化リチウム層の空孔の少なくとも一部が、ポリマーにより、部分的に、または完全に充填されている、請求項5に記載の物品。
- 前記窒化リチウム層が実質的に非多孔質である、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記窒化リチウム層に隣接するポリマー層を含む、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記電解質層の降伏応力がリチウム金属の降伏応力より大きい、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記電解質層の降伏応力がリチウム金属の降伏応力の2倍より大きい、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記電解質層の降伏応力が前記物品に加えられる圧力の垂直成分の2倍より大きい、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記電解質層の降伏応力が前記物品に加えられる圧力の垂直成分の20倍未満である、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記電解質層の降伏応力が、80N/cm2より大きい、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記電解質層が、少なくとも5×10−4S/cmのリチウムイオン伝導度を有する、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記リチウム金属の層の厚さが、少なくとも5ミクロンである、請求項1に記載の物品。
- リチウム金属を含む電気活性層、
該電気活性層に隣接し、厚さが1ミクロンより大きく、20ミクロン未満である窒化リチウム層、および
リチウム塩を含むポリマーゲル電解質層、を含む電気化学セル用物品であって、
該ポリマーゲル電解質層は、該窒化リチウム層に隣接し、少なくとも1×10−4S/cmのリチウムイオン伝導度と、50N/cm2より大きい降伏応力を有し、
該電気化学セル用物品には、該電気化学セル用物品の表面に垂直な成分を含む異方性力が加えられており、該成分の圧力が少なくとも80N/cm2 〜200N/cm 2 未満であり、
前記窒化リチウム層が、リチウム金属とLi 3 Nの両方を含む勾配領域を含み、該勾配領域が少なくとも0.005ミクロン〜10ミクロン未満の厚さを有し、該勾配領域のいかなる場所でも、Li 3 Nに対するLi金属のモル比が、1:1000と10:1の間であり、そして
前記電解質層の降伏応力が、前記物品に加えられる圧力の垂直成分の、100倍未満である、該電気化学セル用物品における前記電気活性層の製造方法であって、
前記電気活性層はその少なくとも一部が、気体状物質の存在下で、リチウム蒸気を基材上に凝縮させて、前記電気活性層を共堆積させることにより形成される、該製造方法。 - 前記気体状物質が、二酸化炭素、アセチレン、窒素、亜酸化窒素、二酸化窒素、エチレン、二酸化硫黄、炭化水素、アルキルリン酸エステル、アルキル亜硫酸エステル、およびアルキル硫酸エステルから成る群の1種または2種以上から選択される、請求項16に記載の製造方法。
- 前記気体状物質が二酸化炭素である、請求項16に記載の製造方法。
- 前記気体状物質が亜酸化窒素である、請求項16に記載の製造方法。
- 前記気体状物質が二酸化窒素である、請求項16に記載の製造方法。
- 前記リチウム金属は、金属がドープされている、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 活性カソード種として硫黄を含むカソードを有する、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記硫黄が元素硫黄である、請求項22に記載の物品。
- 前記ポリマーゲル電解質層に隣接するセパレータをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 請求項1に記載の物品を含む電気化学セルであって、30回目のサイクルの終了時に、少なくとも1000mAh/g硫黄の絶対放電容量を有する、該電気化学セル。
- 請求項1に記載の物品を含む電気化学セルであって、少なくとも200Wh/kgのエネルギー密度を有する、該電気化学セル。
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