JP6016830B2 - 光学装置 - Google Patents
光学装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6016830B2 JP6016830B2 JP2014042303A JP2014042303A JP6016830B2 JP 6016830 B2 JP6016830 B2 JP 6016830B2 JP 2014042303 A JP2014042303 A JP 2014042303A JP 2014042303 A JP2014042303 A JP 2014042303A JP 6016830 B2 JP6016830 B2 JP 6016830B2
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N15/1434—Optical arrangements
- G01N15/1436—Optical arrangements the optical arrangement forming an integrated apparatus with the sample container, e.g. a flow cell
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/04—Prisms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N15/1434—Optical arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N15/1456—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry without spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle, e.g. processing of pulse signals
- G01N15/1459—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry without spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle, e.g. processing of pulse signals the analysis being performed on a sample stream
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N15/149—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry specially adapted for sorting particles, e.g. by their size or optical properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N15/1434—Optical arrangements
- G01N2015/1452—Adjustment of focus; Alignment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N2021/6463—Optics
- G01N2021/6469—Cavity, e.g. ellipsoid
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Description
本発明は、光学装置に関する。特に、本発明は、それに限定するわけではないが、フローサイトメトリーの分野への用途がある。しかしながら、本発明の局面のいくつかは、フローサイトメトリーを越えた用途があり、光学一般の分野において、広範な用途を有し得ることが理解できる。例えば、本発明のいくつかの局面は、測光または光学粒子検出装置で使用できる。
一般に、分析用の粒子または物体を照射するとき、その光源は、単一方向から、この粒子へと向けられる。この粒子により反射したまたは生じた光(例えば、蛍光)について分析を行い、粒子の特定の性質が明らかにされることがある。この粒子のうちの特定の照射部分は、この光源に関する粒子の配向に依存する。この粒子または物体が非対称である場合には、その光測定は、どの部分を照射したかに依存して変わり、粒子または物体を全体として分析することは困難となる。
Sperm Based on DNA Difference:A Review.PREPRODUCTIVE FERTILITY DEVELOPMENTS 7:893〜903[1995]を参照)。Johnsonのアプローチは、2つの検出器を使用した;1つは、照射するレーザービームの線に沿っており(0度検出器)、そして1つは、このビームと直角である(90度検出器)。精子は、その狭い縁部を通って、優先的に蛍光を放射する。Johnsonは、それらの縁部からの明るい放射を検出することにより、どの精子が、90度検出器と縁部整列しているかを決定し、また、整列した精子だけからの平面放射を測定するために、0度検出器を使用した。
このシステムはまた、雄牛精子の配向依存性をなくす良好な性能を立証したものの、それはまた、高速ソーティング用に改変され得なかった。このことは、この焦点を通過した直後、この精子が脇に逸れることによる。
本発明の第1の局面によれば、以下を包含する光学装置が提供される:円錐部分を有するプリズムであって、この円錐部分は、このプリズムの前方末端にある頂点およびこのプリズムの頂点を通って伸長している中心軸を備えている;電磁放射光源を含む光学配置であって、この光学配置は、この円錐部分の中心軸と実質的に整列した方向で、電磁放射線の入射ビームを、この円錐部分の頂点上へと向けるように適合されている;およびこのプリズムの頂点の後方に設けた反射面;ここで、このプリズムにより屈折したビームは、この反射面により、このプリズムを通って後方へ反射されて、電磁放射線の環状ビームとして、このプリズムの前方末端から投射するようにされる。
該分析すべき粒子フローを、検査ゾーン中へと向けること;電磁放射光源を、実質的に共平面で実質的に放射状の対称な電磁放射線として、該検査ゾーンの方へ集中させること。
本発明のいくつかの実施態様は、以下の文献に論述されており、その内容は、本明細書中で参考として援用されている:John C.Sharpe,Peter N.SchaareおよびRainer Kunnemeyerによる「A New Optical Configuration for Flow Cytometric Sorting of Aspherical Cells」、Int.Soc.Optical
Engr.,Proc,OF Adv.Tech.Analytical Cytology,1997;John C.Sharpe,Peter N.Schaare,およびRainer Kunnemeyerによる「Radially Symmetric Excitation and Collection Optics for Flow Cytometric Sorting of Aspherical Cells」、Cytometry 29:363−370(1997);およびJohnathan Charles Sharpeによる「A New Optical Configuration for Flow Cytometric Sorting of
Bovine Spermatozoa by Sex」、a thesis submitted to the University of Waikato for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics。
図13では、1実施態様が示されており、ここで、このノズルは、その反射面の焦点420がノズルの外部にあるように、成形されている。外部は、ノズル本体の外側またはノズル本体から離れていることを意味することが意図される。このような実施態様においては、電磁放射線を、このノズル本体を横切る必要なしに、この焦点に向けることができる。
種々の光学装置は、平行光の光源(7、75)を提供する。平行光(7、75)は、一般に、入射ビームをプリズム(1、22、24、26、28)の頂点に向けることにより、得られる。このプリズムは、変化する立体配置を有し得る。1つの立体配置は、前方円錐面(24)を有する。他の立体配置は、ピラミッド状前方末端(22)を有する。他の立体配置もまた、開示されている。その応用はまた、三次元の外観(例えば、放物面または楕円体)として成形した内部反射面を有する反射器(20、78、216、316、400)を明示している。これらの反射器(20、78、216、316)は、この反射器上へと入射する光を、1以上の焦点(F、220、320、420)に集中する。これらの反射器は、プリズム(1、22、24、26、28)を含む光学装置と組み合わせて、使用できる。これらの反射器(20、78、216、316)は、試料流(237、337)で反射器(20、78、216、316)の焦点(F、220、320、420)を通過する光を集中するために、フローサイトメーターで使用してもよい。フローサイトメーターにおいて、照射した試料流(237、337)からの散乱および/または蛍光光の捕集は、回転体(例えば、放物面または楕円体)の外観として成形した捕集器の使用により、達成できる。種々の光学方法およびフローサイトメトリー方法もまた、開示されている。
2 頂点
3 円錐面
4 円形後部末端
5 入射光
6 鏡
7 平行光の光源
Claims (15)
- ノズルであって:
粒子の流れが通って流れるための開口部と;
該ノズルに連結された反射器であって、反射面を有し、そして粒子の流れに向かって電磁放射線を反射するように配向されている、反射器とを備え、該ノズルを介して電磁放射線を受容し、該反射器を照射するように適合され、そして該電磁放射線が該粒子の流れの方向と平行に受容される、ノズル。 - 前記反射器が、前記ノズルと一体化されている、請求項1に記載のノズル。
- 前記ノズルが、楕円形状反射面または放物面状反射面を備える、請求項1に記載のノズル。
- 前記反射面が、前記ノズルに付与された反射コーティングを含む、請求項1に記載のノズル。
- 前記ノズルが、前記反射面の焦点が該ノズルの外部に位置されるように構成されている、請求項1に記載のノズル。
- 請求項1に記載のノズルを含む、フローサイトメーター。
- 粒子の流れを照射する方法であって:
ノズルに連結された反射器を有するノズルを提供する工程であって、該反射器が反射面を有し、そして電磁放射線を反射するように配向されている、工程;
該ノズルを介して電磁放射線を受容し、該反射器を照射するように構成する、工程;
粒子の流れを供給する工程;
該粒子の流れを、該ノズルを通るように方向付ける工程;および
電磁放射線を、該反射器で該粒子の流れに向かって反射する工程、を包含し、
ここで、該電磁放射線が該粒子の流れの方向と平行に受容される、方法。 - さらに、前記ノズルに一体化された反射器を備えたノズルを利用する工程を包含する、請求項7に記載の方法。
- さらに、楕円形状反射面を有するノズルを利用する工程を包含する、請求項7に記載の照射する方法。
- さらに、放物面状反射面を有するノズルを利用する工程を包含する、請求項7に記載の照射する方法。
- さらに、前記粒子の流れの検査ゾーンを照射するように配向された電磁放射線の供給源を提供する工程を包含する、請求項7に記載の照射する方法。
- さらに、前記反射器を、前記反射面の焦点が、前記粒子の流れの検査ゾーンと重複するように配向する工程を包含する、請求項11に記載の照射する方法。
- さらに、前記ノズル中に金属反射面がはめ込まれる工程を包含する、請求項7に記載の照射する方法。
- さらに、前記ノズルに反射コーティングを付与する工程を包含する、請求項7に記載の照射する方法。
- さらに、前記ノズルを、前記反射面の焦点が該ノズルの外部に位置されるように構成する工程を包含する、請求項7に記載の照射する方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NZ31416997 | 1997-01-31 | ||
| NZ314169 | 1997-01-31 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011058447A Division JP5512579B2 (ja) | 1997-01-31 | 2011-03-16 | 光学装置 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2014112108A JP2014112108A (ja) | 2014-06-19 |
| JP6016830B2 true JP6016830B2 (ja) | 2016-10-26 |
Family
ID=19926129
Family Applications (4)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP53276398A Expired - Lifetime JP4323571B2 (ja) | 1997-01-31 | 1998-02-02 | 光学装置 |
| JP2007006458A Expired - Lifetime JP4727595B2 (ja) | 1997-01-31 | 2007-01-15 | 光学装置 |
| JP2011058447A Expired - Lifetime JP5512579B2 (ja) | 1997-01-31 | 2011-03-16 | 光学装置 |
| JP2014042303A Expired - Lifetime JP6016830B2 (ja) | 1997-01-31 | 2014-03-05 | 光学装置 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP53276398A Expired - Lifetime JP4323571B2 (ja) | 1997-01-31 | 1998-02-02 | 光学装置 |
| JP2007006458A Expired - Lifetime JP4727595B2 (ja) | 1997-01-31 | 2007-01-15 | 光学装置 |
| JP2011058447A Expired - Lifetime JP5512579B2 (ja) | 1997-01-31 | 2011-03-16 | 光学装置 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (8) | US6819411B1 (ja) |
| EP (4) | EP1562035B1 (ja) |
| JP (4) | JP4323571B2 (ja) |
| AT (1) | ATE298084T1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU752985B2 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2279574C (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE69830598T2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1998034094A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (109)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998034094A1 (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-08-06 | The Horticulture & Food Research Institute Of New Zealand Ltd. | Optical apparatus |
| US6071689A (en) | 1997-12-31 | 2000-06-06 | Xy, Inc. | System for improving yield of sexed embryos in mammals |
| US6149867A (en) | 1997-12-31 | 2000-11-21 | Xy, Inc. | Sheath fluids and collection systems for sex-specific cytometer sorting of sperm |
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