JP5766925B2 - 直交tRNA−アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼ対を生産するための方法及び組成物 - Google Patents
直交tRNA−アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼ対を生産するための方法及び組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2001年4月19日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/285,030号、及び2002年2月6日に出願された米国特許出願第60/355,514号の優先権を主張し、それらの明細書の全体をここで援用する。
本発明は、海軍研究事務所からの補助金交付第6502573号及び国立研究所からの補助金交付第GM2159号の下で米国政府の支援により為された。米国政府はこの発明に一定の権利を有する。
本発明は翻訳生化学の分野に関する。特に、本発明は突然変異直交tRNA、突然変異直交アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼ及びその対の生産方法に関する。本発明は非天然アミノ酸をタンパク質にinvivo組込むために使用する直交対を同定するための方法と関連組成物も提供する。
アセチル−リジンに変換)。化学合成も非天然アミノ酸を導入する簡単な方法であるが、日常的固相ペプチド合成は一般に100残基未満の小ペプチド又はタンパク質に限られている。ペプチドフラグメントの酵素ライゲーションと天然化学ライゲーションの最近の開発に伴い、より大きいタンパク質を生産することが可能であるが、方法の大規模化は容易ではない。例えばP.E.DawsonとS.B.H.Kent,Annu.Rev.Biochem.,69:923(2000)参照。タンパク質生合成に有用なinvitro抽出物に所望非天然アミノ酸で化学的にアシル化したサプレッサーtRNAを加える一般的なin vitro生合成法を使用して100種を上回る非天然アミノ酸がほぼ任意寸法の各種タンパク質に部位特異的に組込まれている。例えばV.W.Cornish,D.Mendeland P.G.Schultz,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.Engl.,1995,34:621(1995);C.J.Noren,S.J.Anthony−Cahill,M.C.Griffith,P.G.Schultz,Ageneral method forsite−specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins,Science244 182−188(1989);及びJ.D.Bain,C.G.Glabe,T.A.Dix,A.R.Chamberlin,E.S.Diala,Biosyntheticsite−specific incorporation of a non−naturalamino acid intoa polypeptide,J.Am.Chem.Soc.111 8013−8014(1989)参照。タンパク質安定性、タンパク質フォールディング、酵素メカニズム及びシグナル伝達の研究のために多様な官能基がタンパク質に導入されている。これらの研究はタンパク質生合成機構が多様なアミノ酸側鎖を許容することを立証しているが、方法は技術的に困難であり、突然変異タンパク質収率は低い。
本発明の組成物は直交アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼ(O−RS)を含み、O−RSは場合によりinvivoでにおいて直交tRNA(O−tRNA)を非天然アミノ酸で優先的にアミノアシル化する。1態様において、O−RSは配列番号4〜34(表5参照)及びその相補的ポリヌクレオチド配列から構成される群から選択されるポリヌクレオチド配列を含む核酸を含む。別の態様において、O−RSは天然アミノ酸(例えば20種の公知アミノ酸の1種)よりも非天然アミノ酸に対して改善又は強化された酵素特性をもち、例えばKmが高いか低く、kcat が高いか低く、kcat /Km が高いか低い等である。
により表される。非天然アミノ酸は一般に式Iをもつ任意構造であり、式中、R基は20種の天然アミノ酸で使用されている以外の任意置換基である。20種の天然アミノ酸の構造については、例えばL.Stryer著Biochemistry,第3版,1988,Freemanand Company,New Yorkを参照されたい。本発明の非天然アミノ酸は上記20種のαアミノ酸以外の天然化合物でもよいことに留意されたい。本発明の非天然アミノ酸は一般に側鎖のみが天然アミノ酸と異なるので、本発明の非天然アミノ酸は天然タンパク質で形成されると同様に他のアミノ酸(例えば天然又は非天然アミノ酸)とアミド結合を形成する。他方、非天然アミノ酸は天然アミノ酸と異なる側鎖基をもつ。例えば、式I中のRは場合によりアルキル、アリール、アシル、ケト、アジド、ヒドロキシル、ヒドラジン、シアノ、ハロ、ヒドラジド、アルケニル、アルキニル、エーテル、チオール、セレノ、スルホニル、硼酸、ボロン酸、ホスホ、ホスホノ、ホスフィン、複素環、エノン、イミン、アルデヒド、エステル、チオ酸、ヒドロキシルアミン、アミノ基等又はその任意組合せを含む。他の該当非天然アミノ酸としては、光架橋基を含むアミノ酸、スピンラベル付きアミノ酸、蛍光アミノ酸、金属結合性アミノ酸、金属含有アミノ酸、放射性アミノ酸、新規官能基をもつアミノ酸、他の分子と共有又は非共有的に相互作用するアミノ酸、フォトケージド及び/又は光異性化可能なアミノ酸、ビオチン又はビオチン類似体含有アミノ酸、グリコシル化アミノ酸(例えば糖鎖置換セリン)、他の糖鎖修飾アミノ酸、ケト含有アミノ酸、ポリエチレングリコール又はポリエーテルを含むアミノ酸、重原子置換アミノ酸、化学分解性又は光分解性アミノ酸、天然アミノ酸に比較して延長側鎖(例えばポリエーテル又は例えば炭素長が約5もしくは約10を越える長鎖炭化水素)をもつアミノ酸、炭素結合糖含有アミノ酸、レドックス活性アミノ酸、アミノチオ酸含有アミノ酸、及び1個以上の毒性部分を含むアミノ酸が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
の構造により表されるような修飾主鎖構造を含み、式中、Zは一般にOH、NH2 、SH、NH−R' 又はS−R' を含み、XとYは同一でも異なっていてもよく、一般にS又はOであり、RとR'は場合により同一又は異なり、一般に式Iをもつ非天然アミノ酸について上記に記載したR基と同一の基及び水素から選択される。例えば、本発明の非天然アミノ酸は場合により式II及びIIにより表されるようにアミノ又はカルボキシル基に置換を含む。この種の非天然アミノ酸としては、例えば20種の共通天然アミノ酸に対応する側鎖又は非天然側鎖をもつα−ヒドロキシ酸、α−チオ酸、α−アミノチオカルボキシレートが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。更に、α−炭素の置換は場合によりL、D又はα,α−ジ置換アミノ酸(例えばD−グルタミン酸、D−アラニン、D−メチル−O−チロシン、アミノ酪酸等)を含む。他の構造としては環状アミノ酸(例えばプロリン類似体や、3、4、6、7、8及び9員環プロリン類似体)、β及びγアミノ酸(例えば置換β−アラニン及びγ−アミノ酪酸)が挙げられる。
,代理人整理番号54−000120PC/US)に記載されている。
(Elsevier,New York)及びAusubel,前出に記載されている。
HamesとHiggins(1995)Gene Probes 1 IRLPress at Oxford University Press,Oxford,英国(HamesとHiggins 1)及びHamesとHiggins(1995)Gene Probes 2 IRLPress at Oxford University Press,Oxford,英国(HamesとHiggins 2)はDNAとRNA(オリゴヌクレオチドを含む)の合成、標識、検出及び定量について詳細に記載している。
l Acad.Sci.USA85:2444(1988)の類似性探索法、これらのアルゴリズムのコンピューターソフトウェア(Wisconsin Genetics Software Package,GeneticsComputer Group,575 ScienceDr.,Madison,WIのGAP、BESTFIT、FASTA及びTFASTA)、又は目視(一般にAusubelら,後出参照)により実施することができる。
l.Acad.Sci.USA 90:5873−5787(1993)参照)。BLASTアルゴリズムにより提供される類似性の1尺度は2種のヌクレオチド又はアミノ酸配列間に偶然にマッチが起こる確率を示す最小合計確率(P(N))である。例えば、試験核酸を参照核酸に比較した場合の最小合計確率が約0.1未満、より好ましくは約0.01未満、最も好ましくは約0.001未満である場合に核酸は参照核酸に類似しているとみなす。
shot−gun' gene synthesis,Nucl.Acids Res.13:3305−3316(1985);Kunkel,Rapid and efficient site−specificmutagenesis without phenotypicselection,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 82:488−492(1985);Smith,Invivo mutagenesis,Ann.Rev.Genet.19:423−462(1985);Taylorら,Theuse of phosphorothioate−modifiedDNA in restrictionenzyme reactions to prepare nicked DNA,Nucl.AcidsRes.13:8749−8764(1985);Taylorら,Therapid generation of oligonucleotide−directed mutations at high frequency using phosphorothioate−modifiedDNA,Nucl.Acids Res.13:8765−8787(1985);Wellsら,Cassette mutagenesis:anefficient method forgeneration of multiple mutations at defined sites,Gene 34:315−323(1985);Kramerら,The gapped duplex DNAapproach to oligonucleotide−directedmutation construction,Nucl.AcidsRes.12:9441−9456(1984);Kramerら,PointMismatch Repair,Cell 38:879−887(1984);Nambiarら,Total synthesis and cloning of a gene coding for the ribonucleaseS protein,Science 223:1299−1301(1984);Zoller & Smith,Oligonucleotide−directed mutagenesisof DNA fragments cloned into M13vectors,Methods in Enzymol.100:468−500(1983);及びZoller & Smith,Oligonucleotide−directed mutagenesis using M13−derivedvectors:an efficient andgeneral procedure forthe production of point mutations in any DNA fragment,Nucleic AcidsRes.10:6487−6500(1982)。上記方法の多くに関する更に詳細な説明はMethodsin EnzomologyVolume 154に記載されており、この文献には各種突然変異誘発法に伴うトラブルシューティング問題の有用な解決方法も記載されている。
セイ
サプレッサーTyrRS IC50(μg/mLアンピシリン)
pBLAMと同時 pBLAM−JYRS
発現 と同時発現
mj−tRNATyrCUA 56 1220
tRNATyrCUAなし 10 10
アンチコドンループライブラリーから選択した突然変異体tRNA
AA2 22 1420
AA3 10 110
AA4 12 135
全ループライブラリーから選択した突然変異体tRNA
両者選択後に生存している突然変異体tRNA
J15 30 845
J17 12 436
J18 20 632
J22 14 459
ネガティブ選択後のみに生存している突然変異体tRNA
N11 11 16
N12 9 18
N13 10 12
N16 9 9
プラスミドpBLAMを使用してAla184にアンバーコドンをもつβラクタマーゼ遺伝子を発現させ、プラスミドpBLAM−JYRSを使用してアンバー突然変異体とMethanococcus jannaschiiのTyrRSを発現させた。サプレッサーtRNAはpACプラスミドでコードさせ、アッセイでpBLAM又はpBLAM−JYRSと同時形質転換した。
ルアセチルトランスフェラーゼアッセイ
サプレッサーTyrRS IC50(μg/mLクロラムフェニコール)
pYC単独 pYC+pBK−JYRS
mj−tRNATyrCUA 27 308
tRNATyrCUAなし 3 3
J15 11 297
J17 4 240
J18 6 284
J22 5 271
pYCプラスミドはAsp112にアンバーコドンをもつクロラムフェノコールアセチルトランスフェラーゼと表の左欄に示した各種サプレッサーtRNAをコードした。pBK−JYRSを使用してMethanococcus jannaschiiのTyrRSを発現させた。
ルトランスフェラーゼアッセイa
突然変異体TyrRS IC50(μg/mLクロラムフェニコール)
L−3−(2−ナフ L−3−(2−ナフ
チル)−Alaなし チル)−Ala添加
TyrRSなし 4 4
野生型TyrRS 240 240
選択後
S1−TyrRS 30 120
S2−TyrRS 30 120
S3−TyrRS 25 110
S4−TyrRS 35 100
DNAシャフリング後
SS12−TyrRS 9 150
a pYC−J17プラスミドを使用してmutRNACUA Tyr 遺伝子とAsp112にアンバー終止コドンをもつクロラムフェニコールアセチルトランスフェラーゼ遺伝子を発現させた。pBKプラスミドを使用してTyrRSを発現させ、大腸菌DH10BにpYC−J17と同時形質転換した。各種濃度のクロラムフェニコールで滴定してGMMLプレート上の細胞生存を試験した。
Claims (30)
- 直交アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼ(O−RS)を含む組成物であって、前記O−RSが直交tRNA(O−tRNA)を非天然アミノ酸で優先的にアミノアシル化し、前記O−RSが20種の天然の共通アミノ酸のいずれに対してよりも前記非天然アミノ酸に対して低いKmを示し、かつ20種の天然の共通アミノ酸のいずれに対してよりも前記非天然アミノ酸に対して高いKcatを示すとともに、前記O−RSが配列番号35〜44及び59からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含み、O−tRNAが配列番号1の核酸配列を有し、非天然アミノ酸がO−メチル−L−チロシン、L−3−(2−ナフチル)アラニン、O−アリル−チロシン、p−イソプロピル−L−フェニルアラニン、及びp−アミノ−L−フェニルアラニンからなる群より選択される、組成物。
- 前記O−RSが前記O−tRNAを前記O−非天然アミノ酸でインビボ(in vivo)でアミノアシル化する請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記O−RSが20種の天然の共通アミノ酸のいずれに対してよりも前記非天然アミノ酸に対して高いKcat/Kmを示す請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 直交tRNA(O−tRNA)及び直交アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼ(O−RS)を含む組成物であって、前記O−tRNAがセレクターコドンを認識し、前記O−tRNAが前記O−RSにより非天然アミノ酸で優先的にアミノアシル化され、前記O−RSが20種の天然の共通アミノ酸のいずれに対してよりも前記非天然アミノ酸に対して低いKmを示し、かつ20種の天然の共通アミノ酸のいずれに対してよりも前記非天然アミノ酸に対して高いKcatを示すとともに、前記O−RSが配列番号35〜44及び59からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含み、O−tRNAが配列番号1の核酸配列を有し、非天然アミノ酸がO−メチル−L−チロシン、L−3−(2−ナフチル)アラニン、O−アリル−チロシン、p−イソプロピル−L−フェニルアラニン、及びp−アミノ−L−フェニルアラニンからなる群より選択される、組成物。
- 前記O−tRNAと前記O−RSが相補的である請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記O−tRNAと前記O−RSが少なくとも1種の生物に由来する天然tRNA及びアミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼの突然変異により誘導され、少なくとも1種の生物が原核生物である請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも1種の生物がメタノコッカス・ヤナシイ(Methanococcus jannaschii)、メタノバクテリウム・テルモオートトロフィカム(Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum)及びハロバクテリウム(Halobacterium)から構成される群から選択される請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 前記O−tRNAと前記O−RSが少なくとも1種の生物に由来する天然tRNA及びアミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼの突然変異により誘導され、少なくとも1種の生物が真核生物である請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1種の生物が酵母、哺乳動物、真菌、昆虫、植物及び原生生物から構成される群から選択される請求項8に記載の組成物。
- 前記O−tRNAが第1の生物に由来する天然tRNAの突然変異により誘導され、前記O−RSが第2の生物に由来する天然アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼの突然変異により誘導される請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記O−tRNAと前記O−RSが少なくとも1種の生物から単離され、少なくとも1種の生物が原核生物である請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1種の生物がメタノコッカス・ヤナシイ(Methanococcus jannaschii)、メタノバクテリウム・テルモオートトロフィカム(Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum)及びハロバクテリウム(Halobacterium)から構成される群から選択される請求項11に記載の組成物。
- 前記O−tRNAと前記O−RSが少なくとも1種の生物から単離され、少なくとも1種の生物が真核生物である請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1種の生物が酵母、哺乳動物、真菌、昆虫、植物及び原生生物から構成される群から選択される請求項13に記載の組成物。
- 前記O−tRNAが第1の生物から単離され、前記O−RSが第2の生物から単離される請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記O−tRNAと前記O−RSの1種以上が1種以上のライブラリーから単離され、前記1種以上のライブラリーが1種以上の生物に由来する前記O−tRNA又は前記O−RSを含む請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記1種以上の生物が原核生物又は真核生物を含む請求項16に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が前記O−RS及び前記O−tRNAを含んだ細胞を含む請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物がインビトロ(in vitro)翻訳系を含む請求項1に記載の組成物。
- (a)第1の生物に由来する少なくとも1種のアミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼ(RS)から誘導される変異体RS分子のライブラリを作製する段階と、
(b)非天然アミノ酸又は天然アミノ酸の存在下に直交tRNA(O−tRNA)をアミノアシル化するメンバーを変異体RSのライブラリから選択又はスクリーニングすることにより、活性RSのプールを提供する段階と、
(c)活性RSのプールから選択又はスクリーニングして非天然アミノ酸の不在下にO−tRNAを優先的にアミノアシル化する活性アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼを同定することにより、前記非天然アミノ酸に特異的なプールの少なくとも1つのメンバーを同定し、少なくとも1種の組換え直交アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼ(O−RS)を提供する段階であって、少なくとも1種の組換えO−RSが前記O−tRNAを前記非天然アミノ酸で優先的にアミノアシル化し、前記O−RSが、20種の天然の共通アミノ酸のいずれに対してよりも前記非天然アミノ酸に対して低いKmを示し、かつ20種の天然の共通アミノ酸のいずれに対してよりも前記非天然アミノ酸に対して高いKcatを示すように選択される、前記段階と、
を含む方法により生産され、前記O−RSが配列番号35〜44及び59からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含み、O−tRNAが配列番号1の核酸配列を有し、非天然アミノ酸がO−メチル−L−チロシン、L−3−(2−ナフチル)アラニン、O−アリル−チロシン、p−イソプロピル−L−フェニルアラニン、及びp−アミノ−L−フェニルアラニンからなる群より選択される、組換えO−RS。 - 前記方法が前記非天然アミノ酸の不在下に前記O−tRNAを優先的にアミノアシル化するプールのメンバーをネガティブ選択する段階を含む、請求項20に記載の組換えO−RS。
- 前記方法が前記非天然アミノ酸の不在下に前記O−tRNAをアミノアシル化しないプールのメンバーをポジティブ選択する段階を含む、請求項20に記載の組換えO−RS。
- 以下の条件(a)〜(d)を満たす対として直交アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼ(O−RS)及び直交tRNA(O−tRNA)を含む細胞。
(a)前記O−RSが前記O−tRNAを優先的にアミノアシル化し、ここで優先的なアミノアシル化は、前記O−RSが細胞の内在tRNAの内在アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼによるアミノアシル化に比べて低い効率で細胞の前記内在tRNAをアミノアシル化することで定義され、ここで前記O−RSが配列番号35〜44及び59からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含み、O−tRNAが配列番号1の核酸配列を有し、非天然アミノ酸がO−メチル−L−チロシン、L−3−(2−ナフチル)アラニン、O−アリル−チロシン、p−イソプロピル−L−フェニルアラニン、及びp−アミノ−L−フェニルアラニンからなる群より選択され;
(b)前記O−RSが任意の天然アミノ酸に比べて前記O−tRNAを非天然アミノ酸で優先的にアミノアシル化し;
(c)前記O−tRNAが内在アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼによる内在tRNAのアミノアシル化に比べて低い効率で細胞の前記内在アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼによりアミノアシル化され;
(d)前記O−tRNAが前記細胞内のmRNAのセレクターコドンを認識し;また、前記非天然アミノ酸を用いた前記O−RSによる前記O−tRNAのアミノアシル化のkcat/Kmが、天然アミノ酸を用いた前記O−RSによる前記O−tRNAのアミノアシル化のkcat/Kmより大きいか、又は前記非天然アミノ酸がセレクターコドンに応じて75%より大きな忠実度で細胞内の成長ポリペプチドに組込まれる。 - 前記細胞が原核細胞であるか、又は大腸菌細胞である請求項23に記載の細胞。
- 前記セレクターコドンがアンバーコドン又は4塩基コドンである請求項23に記載の細胞。
- 直交tRNA(O−tRNA)を非天然アミノ酸で特異的にアミノアシル化する突然変異直交アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼ(O−RS)であって、前記O−RSが20種の共通アミノ酸のいずれよりも前記非天然アミノ酸に対して選択性であり、ここで前記O−RSが配列番号35〜44及び59からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含み、O−tRNAが配列番号1の核酸配列を有し、非天然アミノ酸がO−メチル−L−チロシン、L−3−(2−ナフチル)アラニン、O−アリル−チロシン、p−イソプロピル−L−フェニルアラニン、及びp−アミノ−L−フェニルアラニンからなる群より選択される、突然変異O−RS。
- 前記O−RSが前記O−tRNAを前記非天然アミノ酸でインビボ(in vivo)でアミノアシル化する請求項26に記載の突然変異O−RS。
- Km及びKcatから構成される群から選択された、天然アミノ酸よりも前記非天然アミノ酸に対して改善又は強化された1以上の酵素特性を有する請求項26に記載の突然変異O−RS。
- 前記O−RS及び前記O−tRNAを用いる翻訳の忠実度が、前記非天然アミノ酸を含んだジヒドロ葉酸レダクターゼの分析により決定される場合99%より大きい請求項26に記載の突然変異O−RS。
- 前記O−RSがメタノコッカス・ヤナシイ(Methanococcus jannaschii)Tyrシンテターゼのアミノ酸配列のTyr32、Glu107、Asp158、Ile159又はLeu162から選択されたアミノ酸の突然変異体を含むチロシンシンテターゼである請求項26に記載の突然変異O−RS。
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