JP4965804B2 - シリカ系の蛍光ナノ粒子 - Google Patents
シリカ系の蛍光ナノ粒子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4965804B2 JP4965804B2 JP2004566499A JP2004566499A JP4965804B2 JP 4965804 B2 JP4965804 B2 JP 4965804B2 JP 2004566499 A JP2004566499 A JP 2004566499A JP 2004566499 A JP2004566499 A JP 2004566499A JP 4965804 B2 JP4965804 B2 JP 4965804B2
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- Prior art keywords
- fluorescent
- nanoparticles
- ligand
- silica
- bound
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- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N vincristine Natural products C1C(CC)(O)CC(CC2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C(C56C(C(C(OC(C)=O)C7(CC)C=CCN(C67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)CN1CCC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGGWPQSBPIFKDZ-KOTLKJBCSA-N vindesine Chemical compound C([C@@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(N)=O)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1N=C1[C]2C=CC=C1 UGGWPQSBPIFKDZ-KOTLKJBCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004355 vindesine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FKBHRUQOROFRGD-IELIFDKJSA-N vinorelbine Chemical compound C1N(CC=2[C]3C=CC=CC3=NC=22)CC(CC)=C[C@H]1C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C1=CC([C@]23[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]4(CC)C=CCN([C@H]34)CC2)(O)C(=O)OC)N2C)=C2C=C1OC FKBHRUQOROFRGD-IELIFDKJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002066 vinorelbine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012130 whole-cell lysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBOMLICNUCNMMY-XLPZGREQSA-N zidovudine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](N=[N+]=[N-])C1 HBOMLICNUCNMMY-XLPZGREQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002555 zidovudine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FBTUMDXHSRTGRV-ALTNURHMSA-N zorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(\C)=N\NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 FBTUMDXHSRTGRV-ALTNURHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000641 zorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、蛍光性シラン化合物を含むコア、並びにそのコア上のシリカの殻を
含む、蛍光ナノ粒子を提供する。
反応性蛍光色素などの蛍光化合物、及び共反応性有機シラン化合物などの有機シラン化合物を混合して蛍光コアを形成する工程、及び、
その結果得られたコアを、テトラアルコキシシランなどのシリカを形成する化合物と混合して、コア上にシリカの殻を形成する工程、
を含む、蛍光ナノ粒子の製造方法を提供する。
細胞をリガンド結合蛍光ナノ粒子と接触させてリガンド結合蛍光ナノ粒子で選択的に装飾された細胞を形成する工程、及び、
しばらくの間、蛍光部位の運動を記録する工程、
を含む、細胞の細胞成分の運動を監視する方法を提供する。
治療が必要な患者に効果的な量のリガンド結合蛍光ナノ粒子を投与してリガンド結合蛍光ナノ粒子で選択的に装飾された細胞を形成する工程であり、該ナノ粒子が治療薬を含んでいても良く、該ナノ粒子が細胞の疾病を引き起こす構成素と選択的に結び付くように設計されているものである工程、及び、
装飾された細胞を照射する工程、
を含む、疾病の治療方法を提供する。
細胞をリガンド結合蛍光ナノ粒子と接触させてリガンド結合蛍光ナノ粒子で選択的に装飾された細胞を形成する工程であり、ナノ粒子が治療薬を含んでいても良い工程、及び
その結果得られた装飾された細胞をしばらくの間照射する工程、
を含む、治療方法を提供する。
細胞をリガンド結合蛍光ナノ粒子と接触させてリガンド結合蛍光ナノ粒子を細胞成分と結合させる工程であり、該ナノ粒子が治療薬を含んでいるものである工程、及び
蛍光シグナルを記録する工程、
を含む、検定法を提供する。
反応性蛍光色素などの蛍光化合物と共反応性有機シラン化合物などの有機シラン化合物を混合して蛍光コアを形成する工程、及び
その結果得られたコアと、テトラアルコキシシランなどシリカを形成する化合物を混合してコア上にシリカ殻を形成し、蛍光ナノ粒子を得る工程、
を含む、蛍光ナノ粒子を製造する方法を提供する。
細胞をリガンド結合蛍光ナノ粒子と接触させて、リガンド結合蛍光ナノ粒子で選択的に修飾された細胞を形成する工程、及び、
しばらくの間、蛍光部位の運動を記録する工程、
を含む、細胞の細胞成分の運動を監視する方法を提供する。
ナノ粒子が治療薬を含んでいても良く、ナノ粒子が細胞の疾病誘発成分に選択的に結合してリガンド結合蛍光ナノ粒子で選択的に装飾された細胞を形成するように設計されたものであるリガンド結合蛍光ナノ粒子を、治療が必要な患者に効果的な量投与する工程、及び、
装飾された細胞を照射する工程、
を含む、疾病又は障害を治療する方法を提供する
細胞を、ナノ粒子に結合した治療薬を有していても良いリガンド結合蛍光ナノ粒子に接触させてリガンド結合蛍光ナノ粒子で選択的に装飾された細胞を形成する工程、及び、
その結果得られる装飾細胞をしばらくの間照射する工程、
を含む、治療法も提供する。
細胞を、治療薬を含むリガンド結合蛍光ナノ粒子と接触させて、リガンド結合蛍光ナノ粒子を細胞成分と結合させる工程、及び、
一箇所又は複数の蛍光部位などの蛍光シグナルを記録し、標的となる細胞成分の相対的な運動又は位置変化を測定する工程、
を含む、細胞を治療薬で処理する際に細胞内又は細胞表面での細胞成分の運動若しくは位置変化を検出するための検定法も提供する。
本発明の蛍光ナノ粒子を調製するための手順と中間体を本発明の更なる実施態様として提示し、以下の手順で例示する。なお、一般的な遊離基の意味は特に断らない限り定められたとおりである。
試薬は全て、さらに精製、蒸留せずに、入手したままの状態で使用した。アンモニアのモル濃度は、各合成工程前にメチルブルーによる滴定で測定した。ガラス製品は文献に記載されている方法で洗浄し、合成手順の前にヒートガンを用いて乾燥した。モル濃度計算では、混合後の容量は無視した。蛍光コアの合成における3−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシシラン(APTS)の量は、表Iのモノマーモル濃度の計算では考慮していない。
無水エタノール(アルドリッチ社)、テトラヒドロフラン(アルドリッチ社)、水酸化アンモニウム(フルカ社、28%)、テトラエトキシシラン(アルドリッチ社、98%)、3−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン(アルドリッチ社、99%)、3−メルカプトプロピルトリエトキシシラン(ジェレスト社(Gelest)、99%)、テトラエチルローダミン−5−(及び−6−)−イソチオシアネート*混合異性体*(TRITC)(モレキュラープローブ社(Molecular Probes)、88%)、Alexa Fluor(アレクサ・フルーア)(登録商標)488C5 マレイミド(モレキュラープローブ社、97%)、Alexa Fluor(アレクサ・フルーア)(登録商標)488カルボン酸、及びスクシンイミジル・エステル(モレキュラープローブ社、≧50%)。
水、アンモニア、及び溶媒の量は、メスシリンダーで測定した。蛍光種粒子の合成は、1Lのエルレンマイヤーフラスコで実施し、磁気TEFLON(テフロン)(登録商標)で被覆した撹拌子を用いて、約600回転/分で撹拌した。脱イオン水とアンモニア溶液をエタノールに添加し、撹拌した。約2mLの反応色素前駆体を溶解した約425マイクロモルのAPTSを含むエタノール又はTHFを、反応槽に添加した。その結果得られた混合物を室温で約1〜約3時間攪拌した。その間、反応槽は露光を最小限にするためにアルミホイルで覆った。その結果、蛍光種ナノ粒子混合物が得られた。テトラヒドラフラン(THF)と無水エタノール(EtOH)を窒素下で蒸留した。有機色素を約−20℃の保存温度から室温に戻してからグローブボックスに入れた。
シリカ殻の被覆及び成長工程は、シリカ形成モノマーであるテトラエトキシシラン(TEOS)の添加しながら、溶液のイオン強度の急激な変化を避けるために、エタノール、メタノールや、イソプロパノールなどの溶媒の定期的な添加して、上で述べた蛍光種粒子反応混合物中で行った。これにより合成中の粒子の凝集が避けられ、粒子サイズの分布を広げることができる。
結果的として得られた蛍光ナノ粒子の粒子サイズと粒子サイズ分布を、電子顕微鏡検査(SEM)と蛍光相関分光法(FCS)により特性決定した。
本発明はここに、以下の限定的でない実施例により例を示す。
テトラメチルローダミン−5−(及び−6−)イソチオシアネート(TRITC)10mgをエタノールに溶解した。3−アミノプロピル・トリエトキシシラン(APTS)対TRITCのモル比は50対1であり、APTS1mg当たりのエタノールは2mLであった。TRITCをエタノールに完全溶解した後、APTSを反応槽に添加した。この反応物をグローブボックス内の暗所で約12時間、室温で撹拌した。
5mgのアレクサ・フルーア(登録商標)488C5メレイミド(Meleimide)をエタノールに溶解した。3−メルカプトプロピル・トリエトキシシラン(MPTS)のモル比は100〜1であり、MPTS1mg当たりのエタノールは2mLであった。TRITCをエタノールに完全溶解した後、MPTSを反応槽に添加し、暗所で約12時間、室温で撹拌した。
サイズの異なるシリカ被覆蛍光ナノ粒子の調製は、上述の異なる相対的なモル量(molar amount)の試薬を用いて達成した。20nm〜200nmの粒子の合成用の試薬のモル量を表Iに挙げる。蛍光ナノ粒子製造法のシリカ被覆は全て、周囲条件、即ち、溶媒にエタノールを用いた室温で達成した。以下に代表的な製造法を記す。
実施例3のシリカ被覆蛍光ナノ粒子を、リン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)又はタイロード緩衝液にpH7で希釈(1:10〜1:20)した。免疫グロブリンE(IgE)(保存濃度0.85mg/mL)を、IgEで約3時間、室温でインキュベートすることにより蛍光ナノ粒子上に吸着させると、例えば約1:1〜約1:4の比率のナノ粒子−IgEが得られた。約50nmよりも大きいナノ粒子については、結合していないIgEを遠心分離で除去した。大きさが50nm以下のナノ粒子に付いては、大きさが1:2ミクロンの0.25wt%ラテックス粒子100マイクロリットル(ナノ粒子−IgEの総容量500マイクロリットル)を添加することにより、結合していないIgEを除去した。未結合のIgEは、例えば4℃で一晩インキュベートすることにより大きなラテックス粒子に固着し、そのラテックス粒子はその後数時間分配しない場合には懸濁液から分離し沈殿した。残ったペレット集団(pellet mass)が主にIgEと結合し破棄されたラテックス粒子であることを確認した。結果的に得られたIgE結合(coupled)ナノ粒子(IgE結合(lgated)蛍光ナノ粒子)を含む上清を慎重に分離しバイアルに入れた。結果的に得られたIgE結合(coupled)ナノ粒子試料(即ち、ナノ粒子に吸着したIgE)を細胞結合実験の間、4℃で保存した。IgE結合ナノ粒子は、細胞結合の前にタイロード−BSAで希釈した。希釈は細胞当たりの所望のIgEと結合したナノ粒子数密度に従った。
ナノ粒子の表面は、例えばカルボン酸基などの化学的官能基の導入など、化学的にさらに修飾してナノ粒子の多様性と安定性を向上させることができる。カルボン酸基などの官能基のシリカ被覆ナノ粒子の表面への導入は付着点を供給し、ナノ粒子の表面への生体分子、例えばタンパク質や抗体の共有結合(covalent attachment)を可能にする。表面官能基、とりわけイオン化基は、緩衝培地における電荷安定性など他の望ましい特性をナノ粒子に与える。帯電したカルボン酸表面基は、ナノ粒子の集塊(agglomeration)を避ける又は最小化する単一の粒子コロイド分散としてナノ粒子を維持することができる。ナノ粒子表面機能付与の手順は既知のものであり、例えばカルボジイミド修飾が含まれ、本明細書に記載のとおりである。
3−アミノプロピル・ジメチルエトキシシラン(APDMES)(ジェレスト社)、二機能性架橋試薬(ピアス・エンドジェン社):アジピン酸N−スクシンイミジルメチル(MSA)。
上述の各機能付け段階におけるナノ粒子産物は、フーリエ変換赤外(FTIR)分光法により特性決定した。一置換アミド基の振幅帯は、1500〜1600cm-1ではシラン化合物APDMESのアミン基とMSA化合物のスクシンイミジル・エステル基間の結合(linkage)を示し、1700cm-1ではカルボン酸の特徴を示した。開始ナノ粒子との比較で観察された分光変化は、表面機能反応の成功を示した。
他の表面機能付与の実施例は、上述の様々な生体分子と蛍光ナノ粒子の共有結合(covalent conjugation)により達成することができる。
ラット好塩基球性白血病(RBL)マスト細胞モデルシステムを用いた特異的結合実験は、蛍光シリカ系ナノ粒子の特異的結合特性を実証した。細胞(例えば、ラット好塩基球性白血病(RBL)マスト細胞)は、トリプシン−EDTAを用いて収集した。次に細胞をカウントして細胞濃度(mL当たりの細胞数)を測定した。適切な数の細胞をIgE結合ナノ粒子(例えば細胞1個当たりに約2×105個のIgE結合ナノ粒子)で、インターナリゼーションを避けるため、氷上で約1時間インキュベートした。結果的に得られたナノ粒子−IgE結合細胞、即ち、細胞に結合したIgE結合ナノ粒子をタイロード−BSAで洗浄し、共焦点顕微鏡の下でこれらの細胞の特異的結合を観察した。
”IgEM”は、ラット好塩基球性白血病(RBL)マスト細胞のIgE受容体に特異的に結合するマウスIgEを指し、
”対照:IgEH”は、前記ラット細胞のIgE受容体に結び付かないヒトIgEを指し、
”対照:粒子単独”は、IgE結合蛍光ナノ粒子と細胞、及びポリスチレンラテックスビーズと細胞のそれぞれの結合を指す。
単一蛍光ナノ粒子追跡実験は、選択単一ブライト蛍光スポット(単一受容体結合粒子に対応)の運動を、約20〜30分間共焦点的に追い、単一粒子が結合する先の受容体の拡散を追跡することにより実施した。この代わりに、複数の選択単一ブライト蛍光スポットを追跡しても良い。
蛍光コアナノ粒子は、例えば実施例1と2に基づいて、及び上記の全般的なコア調製手法に従って調製した。
表面実在物質(surface substantive agent)であるN−ヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド(2.4g、6.6mmol、HDTB)を蛍光種コアナノ粒子を含む反応混合物に溶解した。その混合物をHDTBが完全に溶解されるまで撹拌(450rpm)し、次いで3.4gのTEOS(16mmol)を一気に添加した。HDTBは、その周辺でシリカ殻形成が要請、摂動され、次いで表面に結合するHDTBを除去することにより細孔形成が可能となるテンプレート物質(templating agent)として機能する。その後HDTBをナノ粒子から洗浄又は除去することにより、メソ多孔性シリカ殻を有する蛍光ナノ粒子が得られる。
TEOSで約5時間反応させた後、3回の6000rpmの遠心分離洗浄して固体を回収した。各遠心分離工程で無水エタノールを用いて上清を回復させた。遠心分離処理の後、脱イオン水中での濾過による洗浄を2回行なった。遠心分離と濾過の工程により、HDTB界面活性剤の約90%を除去した。固体を含む回収したナノ粒子は、最終的に無水エタノールに懸濁した。この懸濁液を超音波撹拌により均質にした。
上述のメソ多孔性ナノ粒子のDMSO懸濁液を撹拌し、50mLのファルコンチューブに移した。この溶液を3,000rpmで約5分間遠心分離し、6mLの上澄み液を捨ててDMSOの量を4mLにまで減らした。16mgの治療薬試料、カンプトセシン(CPT)を溶液に添加した。5時間後に溶液を遠心分離し、リン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)で2回洗浄した。各洗浄の間、20mLのPBSを添加し、粒子は超音波処理し遠心分離した。超音波処理は30秒間のパルス出力に1.0秒間のオンと1.0秒間のオフというパルス周波数で15%出力で、又はこの溶液が均質になるまで行った。遠心分離は25℃で5分間、3,000rpmで行った。治療薬を装薬した粒子を室温で貯蔵した。
Claims (12)
- 検体の存在を検出する方法であって、
検体を含んでいる可能性のある試料を、リガンドと結合し、検体と結合するように設計された蛍光ナノ粒子と接触させ、もし検体が存在すれば、蛍光ナノ粒子−リガンド−検体複合体を形成させる工程を含み、
前記蛍光ナノ粒子がシリカ系のコアおよび前記シリカ系のコア上のシリカの殻を含み、
前記シリカ系のコアはメルカプト置換基を含む有機官能基と、蛍光化合物とを前記シリカ系のコアの全体に含み、
前記蛍光ナノ粒子の直径は10nm〜70nmであり、
前記シリカ系コアは、一般式R(4-n) SiXnを有する1つ以上のシラン化合物を含み、Xは加水分解可能基であり、Rは炭素原子が1〜12個の一価の有機官能基であり、nは0〜4の整数であり、
蛍光ナノ粒子−リガンド−検体複合体から少なくとも1つの蛍光シグナルを検出して、検体の存在を確定する方法。 - リガンドが細胞成分、生体ポリマー、合成ポリマー、抗原、抗体、受容体、ハプテン、酵素、ホルモン、化学化合物、病原体、毒素、及びそれらの組合せから成る群より選択され;及び、
検体が微生物、ウイルス、細胞、細胞成分、生体ポリマー、合成ポリマー、抗原、抗体、受容体、ハプテン、酵素、ホルモン、化学化合物、病原体、毒素、及びそれらの組合せから成る群より選択されるものである、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 蛍光ナノ粒子が共有結合を通じてリガンドと結合している、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 蛍光化合物が有機蛍光化合物である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 蛍光ナノ粒子が20ナノメートルと、70ナノメートルとの間の直径を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- シリカ殻がコアの表面積の10%〜100%を覆う、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 蛍光ナノ粒子が、一つの有機官能基が前記シリカの殻と結合しており、もうひとつの有機官能基がリガンドと結合している2つの有機官能基を含むリンカーで、共有結合を通じて前記リガンドと結合している、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 蛍光化合物がシリカ系のコアと共有結合をしている、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 蛍光ナノ粒子が20.0ナノメートルと、70.0ナノメートルとの間の直径を有する、請求項7に記載の方法。
- シリカ殻がコアの表面積の10%〜100%を覆う、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 蛍光シラン化合物が、シリカ系のコアと共有結合をしている蛍光化合物を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- Xはエトキシ、メトキシ、又は2−メトキシーエトキシからなる群から選択される加水分解可能基である、請求項1に記載の方法。
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