JP2022183361A - 固体電池の界面層及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
固体電池の界面層及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2014年10月28日に出願され、米国出願番号第62/069,748号に割当てられた仮特許出願、及び2015年3月12日に出願され、米国出願番号第62/131,955号に割当てられた仮特許出願に対する優先権を主張し、開示の内容は、参照として本明細書に援用する。
本開示は、エネルギー省によって授与されたDEAR0000384に基づく政府の支援によって行われた。政府は、本開示の特定の権利を有する。
1.有機系ポリマー、ゲル、及び液体イオン伝導体。これらは、例えば不燃性の有機電解質、例えばペルフルオロポリエーテル(PFPE)系電解質を含む。このような有機電解質は、発火することがなく、本質的に安全であることが確認されている。PFPE系有機電解質は、電解質粒界を横切る界面、又は、例えば電池性能を向上させるための電解質-電極界面を増加させることができる。PFPE系電解質は、例えば、リチウムイオン化学(lithium ion chemistry)を支持することができる。このようなPFPE系電解質はまた、Liイオン電池の作動に有利な通常の電解質よりもはるかに高いLi+移動数を有する。移動数は、SSEと同様に1に近い。PFPE系電解質は、特にデバイス作動中に体積変化が発生する場合、固体-固体接触を顕著に改善する。例えば、PFPEは、メチルカーボネート末端PFPE(PFPE-DMCs)を形成するために官能化される。官能化されたPFPEは、大きな温度範囲にわたって液体として保持され、低毒性を示す。PFPE-DMSsは、例えば、周知のビス(トリフルオロメタン)スルホンアミドリチウム塩(LiTFSI)を溶媒和できることが分かった。不燃性の非水性電解質がSSLiBs中の界面層として使用されるのは初めてである。また別の例は、例えば、ポリ(エチレンオキシド)(PEO)又はポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)中のLiClO4などのポリマー電解質又はゲル電解質である。これらの軟質電解質は、優れた電荷輸送及び機械的完全性によって電極と電解質との間の接触を改善することができる。ゲル電解質は、非常に弾性があり、電極又はSSE表面を等角に(conformally)コーティングすることができ、SSEを充填して高密度のピンホールのない部材膜を形成することができる(図3)。例えば、ガーネット粉末に浸透したゲル電解質は、全体のイオン伝導性を大きく増加させることができる。例えば、ゲルポリマー電解質は、以下のように製造することができる。0.25gのPVDF-HFPは、1時間、激しい撹拌(robust stirring)下で4.75gのアセトンに溶解する。次に、このような溶液は、スライドガラス上にキャストされ、溶媒が蒸発された後にゲルポリマーフィルムにする。粘性ゲル電解質は、電極又はガーネット電解質に塗布し、後で乾燥させてもよい。ガーネット又は電極複合材中のゲル電解質の充填は、真空濾過によって行ってもよい。
無機界面層は、金属酸化物を含んでもよい。例えば、界面層は、金属酸化物である。金属酸化物の例として、Al2O3、TiO2、V2O3、及びY2O3を挙げることができるが、これらに限定されない。このような金属酸化物界面層は、硬質界面層と呼ぶことができる。金属酸化物界面層は、当該技術分野で公知の方法によって形成され得る。例えば、金属酸化物層は、物理的蒸着法(例えば、スパッタリング)又は化学的蒸着法(例えば、原子層蒸着法(ALD))又は溶液に基づく方法(例えば、ゾルゲル法)によって形成される。
[実施例1]
以下の実施例は、本開示の界面層の製造例を提供する。
以下の実施例は、本開示の界面層の製造の一例を提供する。
このような例は、ガーネット系SSEに焦点を合わせているが、その他のSSE化学物質にも公知の技術が適用可能であることが期待される。低い界面インピーダンス固体電池を得るために、次の技術的な問題を解決することが望ましい場合がある。電荷移動及び輸送のための大きな界面インピーダンス、及び電気化学的充放電サイクルの界面の機械的劣化。
LLCZN(Li6.8(La2.95、Ca0.05)(Zr1.75、Nb0.25)O12)ガーネットは、次の以下のようにして合成された。LLZO-CaNbは、従来の固体状反応によって製造した。初期物質、Li(OH)、La(OH)3、Ca(OH)2、ZrO2、及びNb2O5は、平板ボールミルによって混合した後、700℃で48時間(h)焼成した。添加剤としてのLi3BO3粉末は、600℃でLi2CO3及びB2O3の混合物を加熱して製造された。焼成したLLZO-CaNb粉末は、平板ボールミルによって添加剤(Al2O3及びLi3BO3の両方、Al2O3単独又はLi3BO3単独)と混合した。混合物は、10MPaでペレットに型押して、790℃で40時間空気中で焼結した。
PVDF-HFPゲル膜を製造し、SEM下で望ましい気孔構造を示した。サイクル電気化学的試験は、ゲル電解質が0~4.2Vの間で電気化学的に安定であることを示した。これは、ガーネット電解質とLFMOカソードとの間の界面層として使用できることを意味する。LLCZN/ゲル/LFMOのEISを試験した。総インピーダンスは、界面層のないLLCZN/LFMO系に比べて減少した。
以下の実施例は、本開示の界面層の製造の一例を提供する。
本明細書に開示された界面の工学的方法に基づいて、SSLiBは、Li金属アノード、ガーネット電解質、及び高電圧カソードを使用して成功的に設計されて作動した。このような構造は、アノード(金属酸化物)及びカソード(ポリマー/イオン伝導性液体)に対して異なる界面層を有する。このような構造の電気的特性を、図11に示す。
Claims (16)
- 無機界面層と固体状電解質(SSE)との組み合わせであって、
無機界面層である界面層と、
アノード材料と、
気孔を有する焼結固体状電解質(SSE)材料とを備え、
前記界面層は1nm~100nmの厚さを有し、前記気孔内で前記SSE材料の少なくとも一部と接触し、前記界面層は前記SSE材料と前記アノード材料との接触を増加させ、
前記無機界面層はAl2O3、TiO2、V2O5、Y2O3、及びこれらの組み合わせから選択された金属酸化物であるか、リチウム化されたAl2O3、リチウム化されたTiO2、リチウム化されたV2O5、リチウム化されたY2O3、及びこれらの組み合わせから選択されたリチウム化された金属酸化物である、無機界面層と固体状電解質(SSE)との組み合わせ。 - 無機界面層と固体状電解質(SSE)との組み合わせであって、
無機界面層である界面層と、
リチウム金属を有するアノード材料と、
気孔を有する焼結固体状電解質(SSE)材料とを備え、
前記界面層は1nm~100nmの厚さを有し、前記気孔内で前記SSE材料の少なくとも一部と接触し、前記界面層は前記SSE材料と前記アノード材料との接触を増加させ、
前記無機界面層はAl2O3、TiO2、V2O5、Y2O3、及びこれらの組み合わせから選択された金属酸化物であるか、リチウム化されたAl2O3、リチウム化されたTiO2、リチウム化されたV2O5、リチウム化されたY2O3、及びこれらの組み合わせから選択されたリチウム化された金属酸化物である、無機界面層と固体状電解質(SSE)との組み合わせ。 - 無機界面層と固体状電解質(SSE)との組み合わせであって、
無機界面層である界面層と、
アノード材料と、
気孔を有する焼結固体状電解質(SSE)材料とを備え、
前記界面層は1nm~100nmの厚さを有し、前記気孔内で前記SSE材料の少なくとも一部と接触し、前記界面層は前記SSE材料と前記アノード材料との接触を増加させ、
前記無機界面層はAl2O3、Y2O3、及びこれらの組み合わせから選択された金属酸化物であるか、リチウム化されたAl2O3、リチウム化されたY2O3、及びこれらの組み合わせから選択されたリチウム化された金属酸化物である、無機界面層と固体状電解質(SSE)との組み合わせ。 - 前記無機界面層はAl2O3、TiO2、V2O5、Y2O3、及びこれらの組み合わせから選択された金属酸化物である、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の無機界面層と固体状電解質(SSE)との組み合わせ。
- 前記無機界面層はAl2O3、Y2O3、及びこれらの組み合わせから選択された金属酸化物である、請求項3に記載の無機界面層と固体状電解質(SSE)との組み合わせ。
- 前記無機界面層はAl2O3又はリチウム化されたAl2O3である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の無機界面層と固体状電解質(SSE)との組み合わせ。
- 前記SSE材料は、リチウムペロブスカイト材料、Li3N、Li-β-アルミナ、リチウムスーパーイオン伝導体(LISICON)、Li2.88PO3.86N0.14(LiPON)、Li9AlSiO8、Li10GeP2S12、リチウムガーネットSSE材料、ドープされたリチウムガーネットSSE材料、リチウムガーネット複合材料、及びこれらの組み合わせから選択された1つ以上のリチウムイオン伝導性SSE材料を含む、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の無機界面層と固体状電解質(SSE)との組み合わせ。
- 前記SSE材料は多孔質材料である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の無機界面層と固体状電解質(SSE)との組み合わせ。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の無機界面層と固体状電解質(SSE)との組み合わせを1つ以上含む、デバイス。
- 前記デバイスは、固体状イオン伝導性電池であり、カソード材料をさらに含む、請求項9に記載のデバイス。
- 前記固体状イオン伝導性電池は、リチウムイオン伝導性固体電池であり、前記界面層は、請求項2の界面層である、請求項10に記載のデバイス。
- 前記SSE材料は、孔にリチウム金属が収容された多孔質である、請求項9~11のいずれか一項に記載のデバイス。
- 前記カソード材料は、リチウム含有カソード材料、任意に有機又はゲル状イオン伝導性電解質をさらに含む伝導性炭素材料、及びポリスルフィド材料から選択され、及び/又は、前記アノード材料は、リチウム金属、シリコン、任意に有機又はゲル状イオン伝導性電解質をさらに含む伝導性炭素材料から選択される、請求項10又は11に記載のデバイス。
- 前記界面層、前記SSE材料、前記カソード材料、前記アノード材料、及び1つ以上の集電体はセルを形成し、前記固体状イオン伝導性電池は複数の前記セルを形成し、前記複数のセルのうちの隣接した各対がバイポーラプレートによって分離される、請求項10、11、又は13に記載のデバイス。
- 前記気孔内での前記アノード材料の初期接触は、溶融された形態の前記アノード材料が前記無機界面層と接触すること、および、前記無機界面層が存在している前記気孔の表面を濡らすことによるものである、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の無機界面層と固体状電解質(SSE)との組み合わせ。
- 前記界面層は、前記気孔内で前記SSE材料の少なくとも一部及び前記アノード材料と接触する、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の無機界面層と固体状電解質(SSE)との組み合わせ。
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2015
- 2015-10-28 KR KR1020177014050A patent/KR20170070239A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-10-28 US US15/522,459 patent/US10971761B2/en active Active
- 2015-10-28 WO PCT/US2015/057824 patent/WO2016069749A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-10-28 KR KR1020237029068A patent/KR20230130151A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-10-28 JP JP2017523916A patent/JP7185399B2/ja active Active
- 2015-10-28 EP EP15855215.8A patent/EP3213359A4/en active Pending
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2020
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EP3213359A4 (en) | 2018-05-23 |
JP7185399B2 (ja) | 2022-12-07 |
EP3213359A1 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
WO2016069749A8 (en) | 2017-05-18 |
JP2020205284A (ja) | 2020-12-24 |
WO2016069749A1 (en) | 2016-05-06 |
JP2018502416A (ja) | 2018-01-25 |
KR20170070239A (ko) | 2017-06-21 |
US20170338522A1 (en) | 2017-11-23 |
US10971761B2 (en) | 2021-04-06 |
KR20230130151A (ko) | 2023-09-11 |
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