WO2020158633A1 - 構造体、複合体、電池、及び、複合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
構造体、複合体、電池、及び、複合体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020158633A1 WO2020158633A1 PCT/JP2020/002647 JP2020002647W WO2020158633A1 WO 2020158633 A1 WO2020158633 A1 WO 2020158633A1 JP 2020002647 W JP2020002647 W JP 2020002647W WO 2020158633 A1 WO2020158633 A1 WO 2020158633A1
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- DIJUIMFPQWBXPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-hydroxyhexanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(O)C(=O)OC=C DIJUIMFPQWBXPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPOGZNTVZCEKSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CC(O)C(=O)OC=C MPOGZNTVZCEKSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNMORWGTPVWAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)OC=C WNMORWGTPVWAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC=C MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZWYWAIOTBEZFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)OC=C LZWYWAIOTBEZFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- VMPHSYLJUKZBJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauric acid triglyceride Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC VMPHSYLJUKZBJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)C=C YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRPIQKZLNSCFTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)-fluoroimino-$l^{5}-phosphanyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)P(=NF)(N(C)C)N(C)C GRPIQKZLNSCFTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940094933 n-dodecane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PNLUGRYDUHRLOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenyl-n-methylacetamide Chemical compound C=CN(C)C(C)=O PNLUGRYDUHRLOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- DDBNQTLBNWVNAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-ethenylhydroxylamine Chemical class NOC=C DDBNQTLBNWVNAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005003 perfluorobutyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005004 perfluoroethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005005 perfluorohexyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005008 perfluoropentyl group Chemical group FC(C(C(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- MHEBVKPOSBNNAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [K+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O MHEBVKPOSBNNAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVFIZLDWRFTUEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [K+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F KVFIZLDWRFTUEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellityc acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NNNVXFKZMRGJPM-KHPPLWFESA-N sapienic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCC(O)=O NNNVXFKZMRGJPM-KHPPLWFESA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VCCATSJUUVERFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)N([Na])S(F)(=O)=O VCCATSJUUVERFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]C#N VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YLKTWKVVQDCJFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Na+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F YLKTWKVVQDCJFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical class NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002203 sulfidic glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IBYFOBGPNPINBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC=CC(O)=O IBYFOBGPNPINBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WXBXVVIUZANZAU-CMDGGOBGSA-N trans-2-decenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O WXBXVVIUZANZAU-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HOGWBMWOBRRKCD-BUHFOSPRSA-N trans-2-pentadecenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O HOGWBMWOBRRKCD-BUHFOSPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBYFOBGPNPINBU-OUKQBFOZSA-N trans-2-tetradecenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O IBYFOBGPNPINBU-OUKQBFOZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LKOVPWSSZFDYPG-WUKNDPDISA-N trans-octadec-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O LKOVPWSSZFDYPG-WUKNDPDISA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIYBQIKDCADOSF-ONEGZZNKSA-N trans-pent-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C\C(O)=O YIYBQIKDCADOSF-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GQIUQDDJKHLHTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(ethenyl)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)C=C GQIUQDDJKHLHTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008648 triflates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005050 vinyl trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsilane Chemical class [SiH3]C=C UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INRGAWUQFOBNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N {4-[(Vinyloxy)methyl]cyclohexyl}methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(COC=C)CC1 INRGAWUQFOBNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
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- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0407—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on an electrolyte layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
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- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
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- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
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- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to structures, composites, batteries, and methods of making composites.
- Patent Document 1 a mixture of succinic acid nitrile, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonyl imide and an ultraviolet (UV) initiator was cast on a glass plate and then irradiated with ultraviolet rays to be polymerized. An electrolyte membrane is described.
- Patent Document 2 describes a polymer electrolyte containing a segment such as perfluoropolyether (PFPE), a segment such as poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and a lithium salt.
- PFPE perfluoropolyether
- PEO poly(ethylene oxide)
- the present disclosure aims to provide novel structures and composites suitable for batteries and batteries comprising such structures or composites.
- the present disclosure has an electrode layer, an inorganic solid electrolyte layer, and a fluoropolymer layer provided between the electrode layer and the inorganic solid electrolyte layer,
- the above-mentioned fluoropolymer layer relates to a structure characterized by comprising a composite containing a fluoropolymer and an alkali metal salt.
- the fluoropolymer preferably contains a hetero atom other than a fluorine atom and a fluorine atom on the main chain.
- the complex preferably further contains an organic hetero-type crystal.
- the present disclosure has the formula: -[CR 1 R 2 -CR 3 R 4 ]- (Wherein, R 1 ⁇ R 4, independently of one another, H, F, Cl, CF 3, OR 11 (R 11 is an organic group) having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. However, the R 1 ⁇ R 4 At least one is F.) and a structural unit (1) formula: -[CR 5 R 6 -CR 7 R 8 ]- (In the formula, R 5 to R 8 are, independently of each other, H, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a functional group containing a hetero atom other than a fluorine atom, or a group containing the above functional group.
- At least one of R 5 to R 8 is a functional group containing a hetero atom other than a fluorine atom or a group containing the above functional group), and the formula:-( R a O) m ⁇ (R a is a perfluoroalkylene group, m is an integer of 2 or more), and a fluoropolymer that does not include a structure, and an alkali metal salt.
- the functional group containing a hetero atom other than the fluorine atom is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, an amide group, a carbonate group and an ester group.
- the structural unit (1) is at least one selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether), and perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether).
- a structural unit based on is preferable.
- the structural unit (1) is a structural unit based on at least one selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene
- the structural unit (2) has the formula (i): (In the formula, R 1 and R 2 are independently H or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms) are preferably structural units based on the compound.
- the composite of the present disclosure preferably further contains an organic hetero-based crystal.
- the organic hetero-based crystal is preferably a plastic crystal or molecular crystal containing a hetero atom and a carbon atom.
- the composite of the present disclosure is preferably used for an electrolyte.
- the present disclosure also relates to a battery comprising the structure of the present disclosure or the composite of the present disclosure.
- the battery is preferably an all-solid battery.
- the present disclosure has the formula: -[CR 1 R 2 -CR 3 R 4 ]- (Wherein, R 1 ⁇ R 4, independently of one another, H, F, Cl, CF 3, OR 11 (R 11 is an organic group) having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. However, the R 1 ⁇ R 4 At least one is F.) and a structural unit (1) formula: -[CR 5 R 6 -CR 7 R 8 ]- (In the formula, R 5 to R 8 are, independently of each other, H, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a functional group containing a hetero atom other than a fluorine atom, or a group containing the above functional group.
- At least one of R 5 to R 8 is a functional group containing a hetero atom other than a fluorine atom or a group containing the above functional group), and the formula:-( R a O) m- (R a is a perfluoroalkylene group, m is an integer of 2 or more), the step of obtaining a mixture by mixing a fluorine-containing polymer not containing a structure represented by a structure, an alkali metal salt, and a solvent ( 1) and It also relates to a method for producing a composite, which comprises a step (2) of obtaining a composite containing the fluoropolymer and the alkali metal salt by removing the solvent from the mixture.
- the manufacturing method preferably further includes a step (3) of applying the mixture obtained in the step (1) to an object.
- Example 5 is a graph showing the results of LSV (Linear Sweep Voltammetry) measurement in Example 5 and Comparative Example 3.
- the present disclosure has an electrode layer, an inorganic solid electrolyte layer, a fluoropolymer layer provided between the electrode layer and the inorganic solid electrolyte layer, the fluoropolymer layer, a fluoropolymer and It relates to a structure comprising a complex containing an alkali metal salt.
- the structure of the present disclosure can exhibit excellent ionic conductivity and withstand voltage.
- an electrochemical device such as an all-solid-state battery
- an inorganic solid electrolyte is used as a constituent material of an electrode layer or an electrolyte layer
- the structure of the present disclosure has the specific fluoropolymer layer between the electrode layer and the inorganic solid electrolyte layer, the electrode layer (for example, including the particles of the electrode active material or the inorganic solid electrolyte) and the inorganic solid electrolyte layer A void is unlikely to be formed between the two, and excellent ionic conductivity, for example, excellent alkali metal ionic conductivity can be exhibited. Further, by using the fluoropolymer, excellent withstand voltage can be exhibited.
- the structure of the present disclosure can be suitably used as a constituent material of a battery as described below.
- the fluoropolymer layer is composed of a composite containing a fluoropolymer and an alkali metal salt (hereinafter, also referred to as composite (1)).
- fluorine-containing polymer polymers having a fluorine atom can be widely used.
- a fluoropolymer containing a hetero atom other than a fluorine atom and a fluorine atom on the main chain hereinafter, also referred to as fluoropolymer (1)
- fluoropolymer (1) tetrafluoroethylene [TFE]/perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) [ PAVE] copolymer [PFA], TFE/hexafluoropropylene [HFP] copolymer [FEP], ethylene [Et]/TFE copolymer [ETFE], Et/TFE/HFP copolymer [EFEP], poly Chlorotrifluoroethylene [PCTFE], chlorotrifluoroethylene [CTFE]/TFE copolymer, Et/CTFE copolymer, polyvinyl fluoride [PVF], polyvinylidene fluoride [PVdF], vinylidene fluoride [
- the fluoropolymer (1) contains a fluorine atom on the main chain. As long as the main chain contains a fluorine atom, the part other than the main chain may have a fluorine atom.
- the fluoropolymer (1) contains a hetero atom other than a fluorine atom.
- the above-mentioned fluoropolymer (1) may have the above-mentioned hetero atom on its main chain or on its side chain, but preferably has it on its side chain.
- the hetero atom may be any atom other than a fluorine atom, but is preferably a hetero atom other than a halogen atom, and is selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, a silicon atom, a boron atom and a phosphorus atom. It is more preferably 2 or less, and even more preferably 2 or less selected from the group consisting of oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom and silicon atom, and selected from the group consisting of oxygen atom and nitrogen atom. It is particularly preferable that the number is 2 or less. In addition, "2 types or less" means 1 type or 2 types.
- the fluoropolymer (1) preferably has a functional group containing a hetero atom other than a fluorine atom.
- a functional group containing a hetero atom other than a fluorine atom examples include those described above.
- Examples of the functional group include a hydroxyl group (excluding hydroxyl groups in a carboxyl group; the same applies hereinafter), a carboxyl group, a urethane group, an amide group, a carbonyl group, a carbonate group, an ester group, an ether group, an amino group, an isocyanate group, -COOCO- And a mercapto group, a silyl group, a silanate group, an epoxy group, a cyano group and the like.
- a hydroxyl group excluding hydroxyl groups in a carboxyl group; the same applies hereinafter
- a carboxyl group excluding hydroxyl groups in a carboxyl group; the same applies hereinafter
- a carboxyl group excluding hydroxyl groups in a carboxyl group; the same applies hereinafter
- a carboxyl group excluding hydroxyl groups in a carboxyl group; the same applies hereinafter
- a carboxyl group excluding hydroxy
- the functional group among them, at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, an amide group, a carbonate group, an ether group, and an ester group is preferable, and a hydroxyl group, an amide group, a carbonate group, and an ester group are preferable. At least one selected from the group consisting of: is more preferred, and at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, an amide group, and an ester group is even more preferred.
- the fluoropolymer (1) preferably does not contain a structure represented by the formula: —(R a O) m — (R a is a perfluoroalkylene group and m is an integer of 2 or more). Further, the fluoropolymer (1) may not include a structure represented by the formula: —(R b O) n — (R b is a non-fluorinated alkylene group, n is an integer of 1 or more) in the main chain. preferable.
- the fluoropolymer (1) includes a structural unit based on a fluoromonomer and a structural unit based on a monomer having a functional group containing a hetero atom other than a fluorine atom (hereinafter, also referred to as a hetero group-containing monomer). It is preferable to have
- fluoromonomer and the hetero group-containing monomer examples include a fluoro monomer and a hetero group-containing monomer that can be used in the fluoropolymer (2) described later.
- the above-mentioned fluoropolymer (1) is preferably the below-mentioned fluoropolymer (2).
- the PVdF may be a homopolymer of VdF or a copolymer of VdF and a trace amount of a comonomer.
- a comonomer examples include vinyl fluoride, fluoroalkyl vinyl ether, (perfluoroalkyl)ethylene, hexafluoropropylene, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, trans-1,3,3,3-tetra Fluoropropene, ethylene, propylene and the like can be mentioned.
- the content of polymerized units based on the comonomer is preferably 5 mol% or less based on all polymerized units. It is more preferably at most mol%, further preferably at most 2 mol%, particularly preferably at most 1 mol%.
- the lower limit of the content of polymerized units based on the comonomer may be 0.01 mol %.
- the melting point of the fluororesin other than the fluoropolymer (1) is preferably 100 to 360°C, more preferably 140 to 350°C, and further preferably 160 to 320°C.
- the melting point is the temperature corresponding to the maximum value in the heat of fusion curve when the temperature is raised at a rate of 10° C./min using a differential scanning calorimeter [DSC].
- the Mooney viscosity of the fluororubber at 100° C. is preferably 2 to 200, more preferably 10 to 150, and further preferably 30 to 80 or less.
- the Mooney viscosity is measured according to ASTM D1646 and JIS K6300.
- fluoropolymer one capable of dissolving the above alkali metal salt is preferable.
- fluoropolymer at least one selected from the group consisting of fluoropolymer (1) and fluororesins other than fluoropolymer (1) is preferable, and fluoropolymer (1) is more preferable.
- alkali metal salt examples include fluorides, chlorides, bromides, sulfates, nitrates, sulfides, hydrides, nitrides, phosphides, sulfonimide salts, triflates and thiocyanates of alkali metals such as lithium, sodium and potassium. Salts, perchlorates, borates, selenides, fluorophosphates, fluorosulphonates, sulphamates, etc. are mentioned, but are not limited thereto.
- alkali metal salt specifically, LiSCN, LiN(CN) 2 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiPF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , Li(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N, Li(CF 3 ).
- alkali metal salt examples include LiSCN, LiN(CN) 2 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiPF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , Li(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N, Li(CF 3 SO).
- LiTFSI, LiFSI, LiCl, LiF, LiBr, LiI, LiPO 2 F 2 , LiSO 3 F, (CH 3 CH 2 ) 2 NSO 3 Li, (CH 2 CHCH 2 ) 2 NSO 3 Li, (CF 3 CH 2 ) 2 NSO 3 Li, (CF 3 CH 2 )N(CH 3 )SO 3 Li, (N ⁇ CCH 2 ) 2 NSO 3 Li, lithium pyrrolidine- 1-Sulfonate, lithium piperidine-1-sulphonate and lithium morpholine-4-sulphonate are preferred, LiTFSI, LiFSI, LiCl, LiF, LiBr, LiI, LiPO 2 F 2 , LiSO 3 F, (CH 3 CH 2 ) 2 NSO.
- the alkali metal salt is preferably dissolved in the fluoropolymer (1). Thereby, the ionic conductivity is further improved.
- the content of the alkali metal salt is preferably 0.1 to 500 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 100 parts by mass, and more preferably 10 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the fluoropolymer (1). More preferably, it is parts by mass.
- the composite (1) preferably further contains an organic hetero-type crystal.
- the ionic conductivity is further improved.
- the organic hetero-type crystals include organic hetero-type crystals that can be used in the composite of the present disclosure described below.
- the content of the organic hetero type crystal is preferably 0.1 to 100 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.5 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the fluoropolymer (1).
- the composite (1) can be produced according to the production method of the present disclosure described below.
- the electrode layer preferably contains an electrode active material and an inorganic solid electrolyte.
- Examples of the electrode active material include a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material depending on whether the electrode is positive or negative.
- lithium cobalt oxide LiCoO 2
- lithium nickel oxide LiNiO 2
- lithium manganate LiMn 2 O 4
- LiNiCoO 2 lithium nickel cobalt manganate
- LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O) 2 etc. aluminum-containing lithium nickel cobalt oxide
- Li 1+x Mn 2- xy My O 4 M is Al, Mg, Co, Heterogeneous element-substituted Li—Mn spinel having a composition represented by one or more metal elements selected from Fe, Ni, and Zn, lithium titanate (Li x TiO y ), lithium metal phosphate (LiMPO 4 , M is Fe, Mn, Co, or Ni), transition metal oxides (V 2 O 5 , MoO 3, etc.), sulfur-containing compounds (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO 2 ), lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ), LiNiCoO 2 , lithium nickel cobalt manganate (LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3
- lithium metal Li
- lithium alloy LiM
- lithium storage intermetallic compound Mg x M or L y Sb, M is Sn, Ge, Alternatively, Sb and L are In, Cu, or Mn
- a Li-rich compound oxide Li 2 MnO 3 —LiMO 2
- Li 2 PtO 3 LiNiVO 4
- LiCoVO 4 LiCrMnO 4
- Lithium-containing compounds of Na 4 M 3 (PO 4 ) 2 P 2 O 7 M is Ni, Co or Mn
- the particle size of the positive electrode active material is not particularly limited, but those having an average particle size of 3 to 20 ⁇ m can be preferably used.
- the negative electrode active material those used as the negative electrode active material in all-solid-state batteries can be used without particular limitation.
- carbonaceous materials capable of inserting and releasing alkali metal ions simple substances/alloys and compounds of metals and semimetals capable of inserting and releasing alkali metal ions can be mentioned.
- the carbonaceous material include graphite (natural graphite, artificial graphite, etc.), hard carbon, amorphous carbon and the like.
- lithium metal or alloy As a simple substance or alloy of metal or semimetal, lithium metal or alloy; metal powder such as Sn, Si, Al, Sb, Zn, Bi; Sn 5 Cu 6 , Sn 2 Co, Sn 2 Fe, Ti-Sn, Ti -Metal alloy powder such as Si; and other amorphous alloys, plated alloys, and the like.
- the compound include oxides, sulfides, nitrides, hydrides, silicides (lithium silicide, etc.), and the like.
- oxide include titanium oxide, lithium titanium oxide (Li 4/3 Ti 5/3 O, etc.), silicon oxide and the like.
- the nitride include lithium cobalt nitride (LiCoN) and the like.
- the negative electrode active material may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a silicon oxide and a carbonaceous material may be used together.
- the particle size of the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited, but an average particle size of 3 to 80 ⁇ m can be preferably used.
- the same inorganic solid electrolyte as the below-mentioned inorganic solid electrolyte that can be used in the inorganic solid electrolyte layer can be used.
- the electrode layer may further contain a binder and a conductive auxiliary material.
- binder include the composite (1) described above, polysiloxane, polyalkylene glycol, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl fluoride, hydrogenated butylene rubber, polysulfide rubber, and styrene.
- Butadiene rubber SBR
- SBR/CMC styrene butadiene rubber/carboxymethyl cellulose
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- PEO polyphenylene oxide
- PEO-PPO copolymer branched PEO-PPO copolymer
- alkylborane alkylborane Examples include contained polyethers and the like.
- the conductive auxiliary material is not particularly limited and may be a conventionally used material, such as graphite or carbon black.
- the electrode layer may further have an electrode current collector.
- the electrode collector any one can be used without particular limitation as long as it is used as an electrode collector of an all-solid-state battery.
- Examples of the form of such an electrode current collector include a foil-like body, a plate-like body, a net-like body, an aggregate of powders, and the like. Good.
- the foil-like body may be an electrolytic foil, an etched foil, or the like.
- Examples of the material of the electrode current collector include aluminum, magnesium, stainless steel, titanium, iron, cobalt, zinc, tin, copper, nickel, germanium, indium, alloys thereof, carbon and the like.
- the electrode layer may have a thickness of, for example, 50 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the electrode layer for example, the inorganic solid electrolyte and the electrode active material, and optionally other components are mixed with a solvent, the resulting mixed solution on a substrate (for example, the electrode current collector) It can be manufactured by a method of coating and drying. You may press further if needed.
- a blast method, an aerosol deposition method, a cold spray method, a sputtering method, a vapor phase growth method, a pressure pressing method, a thermal spraying method and the like can be used.
- organic solvent is preferable as the solvent used for manufacturing the electrode layer.
- examples of the organic solvent include hydrocarbon-based organic solvents such as hexane, heptane, toluene, xylene, and decalin.
- the organic solvent it is preferable to use one that has been dehydrated to reduce the water content.
- Examples of the inorganic solid electrolyte forming the inorganic solid electrolyte layer include sulfide-based solid electrolytes and oxide-based solid electrolytes.
- the sulfide-based solid electrolyte is not particularly limited as long as it contains a sulfur component, and a material that can be used as a sulfide-based solid electrolyte of an all-solid battery can be used.
- the sulfide-based solid electrolyte include Li 2 S-SiS 2 , Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 , Li 2 S-GeS 2 , Li 2 S-B 2 S 3 , Li 2 S-Ga 2 S.
- Li 2 S-Al 2 S 3 Li 2 S-GeS 2 -P 2 S 5 , Li 2 S-Al 2 S 3 -P 2 S 5 , Li 2 S-P 2 S 3 , Li 2 S- P 2 S 3 -P 2 S 5 , LiX 0 -Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 , LiX 0 -Li 2 S-SiS 2 , LiX 0 -Li 2 S-B 2 S 3 , Li 3 PO 4 -Li 2 S—Si 2 S, Li 3 PO 4 —Li 2 S—SiS 2 , LiPO 4 —Li 2 S—SiS, LiX 0 —Li 2 S—P 2 O 5 , LiX 0 —Li 3 PO 4 —P 2 Examples thereof include lithium ion conductors such as S 5 (X 0 is I, Br, or Cl).
- the sulfide solid electrolyte may be crystalline, amorphous, or glass ceramics.
- oxide-based solid electrolyte a material that can be used as an oxide-based solid electrolyte for all-solid-state batteries can be used.
- the oxide-based solid electrolyte include LiPON, Li 3 PO 4 , Li 2 SiO 2 , Li 2 SiO 4 , Li 0.5 La 0.5 TiO 3 , Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ti 0. 7 (PO 4) 3, La 0.51 Li 0.34 TiO 0.74, include Li 1.5 Al 0.5 Ge 1.5 (PO 4) 3.
- the oxide solid electrolyte may be crystalline, amorphous, or glass ceramics.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte layer may further include a binder.
- the binder include the above composite (1), polysiloxane, polyalkylene glycol, polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoroethylene copolymer.
- tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer FEP
- tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer PFA
- vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymer
- ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer ETFE
- PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
- vinylidene fluoride-pentafluoropropylene copolymer propylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
- ECTFE ethylene-chlorotrifluoro Ethylene copolymer
- ECTFE vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
- vinylidene fluoride-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer ethylene-
- the inorganic solid electrolyte layer may be produced, for example, by a method in which the inorganic solid electrolyte and, if necessary, other components are mixed with a solvent, and the resulting mixed liquid is applied onto a substrate and dried. It can. You may press further if needed.
- a blast method, an aerosol deposition method, a cold spray method, a sputtering method, a vapor phase growth method, a pressure pressing method, a thermal spraying method and the like can be used.
- An organic solvent is preferable as the solvent used for producing the inorganic solid electrolyte layer.
- the organic solvent include heptane, toluene, hexane, tetrahydrofuran (THF), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), N-methylpyrrolidone, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, dimethyl carbonate and the like.
- the organic solvent it is preferable to use one that is dehydrated to reduce the water content.
- At least a part of the composite (1) constituting the fluoropolymer layer is a void in at least a part of the inorganic solid electrolyte layer (for example, a void between particles of the inorganic solid electrolyte). Is preferably impregnated into. Moreover, it is preferable that at least a part of the composite (1) is impregnated into a void (for example, a void between particles of the electrode active material or the inorganic solid electrolyte) in at least a portion of the electrode layer.
- the structure of the present disclosure can be produced, for example, by stacking the electrode layer, the fluoropolymer layer, and the inorganic solid electrolyte layer in this order, and pressing if desired.
- the fluoropolymer layer is formed on the formed fluoropolymer layer. It can also be produced by stacking the above inorganic solid electrolyte layer or the above electrode layer and pressing it if desired.
- the structure of the present disclosure can be used in a field where ionic conductivity and withstand voltage are required, and can be suitably used, for example, as a constituent material of a battery, especially a secondary battery. Among them, it can be preferably used as a constituent material of an all-solid battery, especially an all-solid secondary battery.
- the present disclosure has the formula: -[CR 1 R 2 -CR 3 R 4 ]- (Wherein, R 1 ⁇ R 4, independently of one another, H, F, Cl, CF 3, OR 11 (R 11 is an organic group) having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. However, the R 1 ⁇ R 4 At least one is F.) and a structural unit (1) formula: -[CR 5 R 6 -CR 7 R 8 ]- (In the formula, R 5 to R 8 are, independently of each other, H, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a functional group containing a hetero atom other than a fluorine atom, or a group containing the above functional group.
- At least one of R 5 to R 8 is a functional group containing a hetero atom other than a fluorine atom or a group containing the above functional group), and the formula:-( R a O) m- (R a is a perfluoroalkylene group, m is an integer of 2 or more), and a fluoropolymer that does not include a structure (hereinafter, also referred to as fluoropolymer (2));
- the present invention also relates to a complex containing an alkali metal salt (hereinafter, also referred to as a complex (2)).
- the composite (2) of the present disclosure can exhibit excellent ionic conductivity and withstand voltage. Since the fluoropolymer (2) is excellent in solubility of the alkali metal salt, the composite (2) can exhibit excellent ion conductivity, for example, excellent alkali metal ion conductivity. Further, since it contains the above-mentioned fluoropolymer (2), it can exhibit excellent voltage resistance.
- the composite (2) of the present disclosure can be suitably used as a constituent material of a battery as described below.
- the fluoropolymer (2) does not include a structure represented by the formula: -(R a O) m -(R a is a perfluoroalkylene group and m is an integer of 2 or more). Although the fluoropolymer (2) does not contain the above structure, the composite (2) can exhibit excellent ionic conductivity and withstand voltage.
- the fluoropolymer (2) preferably does not include a structure represented by the formula: —(R b O) n — (R b is a non-fluorinated alkylene group, n is an integer of 1 or more) in the main chain.
- R 1 to R 4 are, independently of each other, H, F, Cl, CF 3 , and OR 11 (R 11 is an organic group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms). However, at least one of R 1 to R 4 is F.
- the organic group as R 11 preferably has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- an optionally fluorinated alkyl group is preferable, a fluoroalkyl group is more preferable, and a perfluoroalkyl group is still more preferable.
- the perfluoroalkyl group include a perfluoromethyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, a perfluoropentyl group, a perfluorohexyl group, and the like, and a perfluoromethyl group and a perfluoropropyl group. Groups are particularly preferred.
- fluoromonomer (a) examples include monofluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride (VdF), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), carbon of an alkyl group.
- fluoromonomer (a) examples include monofluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride (VdF), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), carbon of an alkyl group.
- PAVE perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) having a number of 1 to 8, and one kind or two or more kinds can be used.
- PAVE examples include perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether), perfluoro(ethyl vinyl ether), perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether), perfluoro(butyl vinyl ether), perfluoro(pentyl vinyl ether), perfluoro(hexyl vinyl ether), and the like.
- Perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether) (PMVE) and perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) (PPVE) are particularly preferred.
- the fluoromonomer (a) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of TFE, HFP, CTFE, VdF, PMVE and PPVE, and more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of TFE and HFP. TFE is more preferred.
- Examples of the structural unit (1) include -[CH 2 -CHF]-, -[CH 2 -CF 2 ]-, -[CF 2 -CHF]-, -[CF 2 -CF 2 ]-, -[CF 2- CFCl]-, -[CF 2 -CFCF 3 ]-, -[CF 2 -CFORf 11 ]- (Rf 11 is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms), etc. The above can be used.
- - [CF 2 -CF 2] -, - [CF 2 -CFCF 3] -, - [CF 2 -CFCl] -, - [CH 2 -CF 2] -, - [CF 2 -CFOCF 3] At least one selected from the group consisting of -and -[CF 2 -CFOC 3 F 7 ]-, and selected from the group consisting of -[CF 2 -CF 2 ]- and -[CF 2 -CFCF 3 ]- At least one of them is preferable, and -[CF 2 -CF 2 ]- is more preferable.
- the repeating number of the structural unit (1) is preferably 10 to 1000, and more preferably 100 to 500.
- R 5 to R 8 are, independently of each other, H, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a functional group containing a hetero atom other than a fluorine atom, or a group containing the functional group. is there. However, at least one of R 5 to R 8 is a functional group containing a hetero atom other than a fluorine atom or a group containing the above functional group. When two or more of R 5 to R 8 are the above functional groups or groups containing the above functional groups, they may be bound to each other.
- the alkyl group as R 5 to R 8 has 1 to 3 carbon atoms, preferably 1 or 2, and more preferably 1.
- the hetero atom may be any atom other than a fluorine atom, but is preferably a hetero atom other than a halogen atom, such as an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom. More preferably 2 or less selected from the group consisting of sulfur atom, silicon atom, boron atom and phosphorus atom, and 2 or less selected from the group consisting of oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom and silicon atom. Is more preferable, and two or less selected from the group consisting of oxygen atom and nitrogen atom is particularly preferable.
- Examples of the functional group include a hydroxyl group (excluding hydroxyl groups in a carboxyl group; the same applies hereinafter), a carboxyl group, a urethane group, an amide group, a carbonyl group, a carbonate group, an ester group, an ether group, an amino group, an isocyanate group, -COOCO- And a mercapto group, a silyl group, a silanate group, an epoxy group, a cyano group and the like.
- a hydroxyl group excluding hydroxyl groups in a carboxyl group; the same applies hereinafter
- a carboxyl group excluding hydroxyl groups in a carboxyl group; the same applies hereinafter
- a carboxyl group excluding hydroxyl groups in a carboxyl group; the same applies hereinafter
- a carboxyl group excluding hydroxyl groups in a carboxyl group; the same applies hereinafter
- a carboxyl group excluding hydroxy
- At least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, an amide group, a carbonate group, an ether group, and an ester group is preferable, and selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, an amide group, a carbonate group, and an ester group. At least one kind is more preferable, and at least one kind selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, an amide group, and an ester group is further preferable.
- the functional group or the group containing the functional group preferably has 0 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably 0 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the functional group or the group containing the functional group is preferably a hydroxyl group, a group having a lactam structure, an ether group, an acyloxy group, or a group containing at least one of these, and the hydroxyl group is a 5- to 6-membered ring.
- a group having a lactam structure, an ether group, an acyloxy group, or a group containing at least one of these is more preferable, and a hydroxyl group, a pyrrolidone group, an ether group, an acetoxy group, or a group containing at least one of these.
- a hydroxyl group, a pyrrolidone group, an ether group or an acetoxy group is even more preferable, a hydroxyl group, a pyrrolidone group or an acetoxy group is even more preferable, and a hydroxyl group or a pyrrolidone group is particularly preferable. Most preferably, it is a pyrrolidone group.
- one or two of R 5 to R 8 are preferably a functional group containing a hetero atom other than a fluorine atom or a group containing the functional group.
- R 5 and R 6 are H
- R 7 is H or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 8 is a functional group containing a hetero atom other than a fluorine atom
- the group contains the above functional group.
- the structural unit (2) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- hetero group-containing monomer a hydroxyl group-containing monomer, an amide group-containing monomer, an ester group-containing monomer, a carboxyl group-containing monomer, an amino group-containing monomer, a hydrolyzable silyl group-containing Examples thereof include a monomer and an ether group-containing monomer, and one kind or two or more kinds can be used.
- the hydroxyl group-containing monomer is at least one selected from the group consisting of vinyl alcohol, hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether, hydroxyalkyl allyl ether, hydroxycarboxylic acid vinyl ester, hydroxycarboxylic acid allyl ester and hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate.
- at least one selected from the group consisting of vinyl alcohol, hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether and hydroxyalkyl allyl ether is more preferable, at least one selected from the group consisting of vinyl alcohol and hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether is further preferable, and vinyl alcohol is Particularly preferred.
- hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether examples include 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether, 3-hydroxypropyl vinyl ether, 2-hydroxypropyl vinyl ether, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl vinyl ether, 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, 4-hydroxy-2-methylbutyl vinyl ether. , 5-hydroxypentyl vinyl ether, 6-hydroxyhexyl vinyl ether, 4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl methyl vinyl ether and the like.
- hydroxyalkyl allyl ether examples include 2-hydroxyethyl allyl ether, 4-hydroxybutyl allyl ether, glycerol monoallyl ether and the like.
- hydroxycarboxylic acid vinyl ester examples include vinyl hydroxyacetate, vinyl hydroxypropanoate, vinyl hydroxybutanoate, vinyl hydroxyhexanoate, vinyl 4-hydroxycyclohexyl acetate, and the like.
- hydroxycarboxylic acid allyl ester examples include allyl hydroxyacetate, allyl hydroxypropanoate, allyl hydroxybutanoate, allyl hydroxyhexanoate, and allyl 4-hydroxycyclohexyl acetate.
- hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate examples include 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate.
- the hydroxyl group-containing monomer among others, vinyl alcohol, and, Formula (A): CH 2 ⁇ CH—(CH 2 ) 1 —O—(CH 2 ) m —OH (Wherein, 1 is 0 or 1, and m is an integer of 2 to 20), at least one selected from the group consisting of monomers is preferable, vinyl alcohol, 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, and 2-hydroxyethyl. At least one selected from the group consisting of vinyl ether, 2-hydroxyethyl allyl ether and 4-hydroxybutyl allyl ether is more preferable, and vinyl alcohol is particularly preferable.
- amide group-containing monomer examples include N-vinyl- ⁇ -propiolactam, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl- ⁇ -valerolactam, N-vinyl-2-piperidone, N-vinyl-heptalactam.
- N-vinyllactam compounds such as N-vinylformamide, acyclic N-vinylamide compounds such as N-methyl-N-vinylacetamide, N-allyl-N-methylformamide, acyclic N-allylamides such as allylurea
- examples thereof include compounds, N-allyllactam compounds such as 1-(2-propenyl)-2-pyrrolidone, and acrylamide compounds such as (meth)acrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide and N-isopropylacrylamide.
- the amide group-containing monomer also has the formula (i): (In the formula, R 1 and R 2 are independently H or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), a compound represented by the formula (ii): (In the formula, R 1 and R 2 are independently H or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms) and the like can also be mentioned. In each of the above formulas, R 1 and R 2 may combine with each other to form a ring.
- the amide group-containing monomer is preferably an N-vinyllactam compound or an acyclic N-vinylamide compound, and is preferably N-vinyl- ⁇ -propiolactam, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-vinyl.
- - ⁇ -valerolactam, N-vinyl-2-piperidone, and at least one selected from the group consisting of N-vinyl-heptolactam are more preferable, and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-vinyl-2 are preferable.
- -At least one selected from the group consisting of piperidone is more preferable, and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone is particularly preferable.
- the amide group-containing monomer the compound represented by the above formula (i) is also preferable.
- ester group-containing monomer examples include isopropenyl acetate, a vinyl ester containing neither a hydroxyl group nor an aromatic ring, and a carboxylic acid vinyl ester containing an aromatic ring and not a hydroxyl group.
- the vinyl ester containing neither hydroxyl group nor aromatic ring is preferably a vinyl carboxylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl isobutyrate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl caproate, vinyl versatate, laurin. At least one selected from the group consisting of vinyl acetate, vinyl stearate and vinyl cyclohexylcarboxylate is more preferable, and selected from the group consisting of vinyl acetate, vinyl versatate, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate and vinyl cyclohexylcarboxylate. At least one selected from the group consisting of vinyl acetate and vinyl versatate is particularly preferred, and vinyl acetate is most preferred.
- carboxylic acid vinyl ester containing an aromatic ring and containing no hydroxyl group examples include vinyl benzoate and vinyl para-t-butyl benzoate.
- ester group-containing monomer vinyl ester and isopropenyl acetate which do not contain any hydroxyl group or aromatic ring are preferable, and vinyl acetate and isopropenyl acetate are more preferable.
- Formula (B): CH 2 CR 1a -(CH 2 ) n -COOH (Wherein R 1a is a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; n is an integer of 0 or more), and examples thereof include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and vinyl.
- at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and undecylenic acid is preferable, and acrylic acid is more preferable.
- carboxyl group-containing monomer examples include 3-allyloxypropionic acid, vinyl phthalate, vinyl pyromellitic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, itaconic acid monoester, maleic acid, maleic acid monoester, and maleic anhydride. And fumaric acid, fumaric acid monoester, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, aconitic acid and the like.
- Examples of the ether group-containing monomer include alkyl vinyl ether containing no hydroxyl group.
- Examples of the alkyl vinyl ether containing no hydroxyl group include methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, n-propyl vinyl ether, isopropyl vinyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether, tert-butyl vinyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl vinyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, dodecyl vinyl ether, octadecyl vinyl ether. And the like. Among them, at least one selected from the group consisting of ethyl vinyl ether and cyclohexyl vinyl ether is preferable.
- hetero group-containing monomer among others, At least one selected from the group consisting of the hydroxyl group-containing monomer, the amide group-containing monomer and the ester group-containing monomer is preferable, At least one selected from the group consisting of the hydroxyl group-containing monomer and the amide group-containing monomer is more preferable, The amide group-containing monomer is more preferable, Compounds of formula (i) are particularly preferred, Most preferred is N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of vinyl alcohol, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, vinyl acetate and isopropenyl acetate is preferable, More preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of vinyl alcohol and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, More preferred is N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- the repeating number of the structural unit (2) is preferably 10 to 1000, more preferably 100 to 500.
- the structural unit (1) is a structural unit based on at least one selected from the group consisting of TFE and HFP, and the structural unit (2) is the above hydroxyl group-containing monomer, the above amide group containing monomer, and the above ester group.
- a structural unit based on at least one selected from the group consisting of contained monomers is preferable,
- the structural unit (1) is a structural unit based on at least one selected from the group consisting of TFE and HFP, and the structural unit (2) is from the group consisting of the hydroxyl group-containing monomer and the amide group-containing monomer.
- the structural unit (1) is a structural unit based on at least one selected
- the structural unit (2) is a structural unit based on the amide group-containing monomer.
- the structural unit (1) is a structural unit based on at least one selected from the group consisting of TFE and HFP
- the structural unit (2) is a structural unit based on the compound represented by the formula (i).
- the structural unit (1) is a structural unit based on at least one selected from the group consisting of TFE and HFP
- the structural unit (2) is a structural unit based on N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- the structural unit (1) is a structural unit based on at least one selected from the group consisting of TFE and HFP, and the structural unit (2) is vinyl alcohol or N-vinyl.
- the structural unit (2) is vinyl alcohol or N-vinyl.
- the structural unit (1) is a structural unit based on at least one selected from the group consisting of TFE and HFP, and the structural unit (2) is at least selected from the group consisting of vinyl alcohol and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- the structural unit (1) is a structural unit based on at least one selected from the group consisting of TFE and HFP
- the structural unit (2) is a structural unit based on N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- the structural unit (1) is contained in an amount of 99.9 to 0.1 mol% based on all structural units.
- the unit (2) is preferably 0.1 to 99.9 mol %. It is more preferable that the structural unit (1) is 65 to 7 mol% and the structural unit (2) is 35 to 93 mol %. Further, it is more preferable that the structural unit (1) is 55 to 15 mol% and the structural unit (2) is 45 to 85 mol %. Further, it is particularly preferable that the structural unit (1) is 45 to 20 mol% and the structural unit (2) is 55 to 80 mol %.
- the molar ratio ((1)/(2)) of the structural unit (1) to the structural unit (2) is in the range of 0.07 to 1.50, and 0.25 to 1.
- the range of 25 is more preferable. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.25 to 0.82.
- the fluoropolymer (2) may consist essentially of the structural units (1) and (2).
- the fluoropolymer (2) may have a structural unit other than the structural units (1) and (2) as long as the effect of the composite of the present disclosure is not impaired.
- the above-mentioned other structural unit include fluoromonomers other than the above-mentioned fluoromonomer (a), functional group-containing monomers other than the above-mentioned heterogroup-containing monomers, olefins containing no halogen atom and hydroxyl group, and long chains.
- Structural units based on (meth)acrylic monomers having a hydrocarbon group, vinyl monomers having a long-chain hydrocarbon group, and the like can be given.
- the total of the other structural units may be 0 to 50 mol %, 0 to 40 mol %, 0 to 30 mol %, 0 to 15 mol %, 0 It may be up to 5 mol %.
- alkyl group examples include an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and a methyl group is preferable.
- the fluoroalkyl group is preferably a linear or branched fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the other fluoromonomer include trifluorostyrene, a fluoromonomer represented by the general formula: CH 2 ⁇ CFRf 1 (wherein Rf 1 is a linear or branched fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms), fluoro Alkyl vinyl ether, fluoroalkyl ethylene, trifluoropropylene, pentafluoropropylene, trifluorobutene, tetrafluoroisobutene, hexafluoroisobutene, trifluorostyrene and the like are preferable.
- Rf 1 is a linear or branched fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- fluoro Alkyl vinyl ether fluoroalkyl ethylene
- trifluoropropylene pentafluoropropylene
- trifluorobutene tetrafluoroisobutene
- hexafluoroisobutene triflu
- Examples of the functional group-containing monomer other than the hetero group-containing monomer include cinnamic acid and the like.
- olefin containing no halogen atom or hydroxyl group examples include non-fluorine-based olefins such as ethylene, propylene, n-butene and isobutene.
- the weight average molecular weight of the fluoropolymer (2) is preferably 10,000 or more, more preferably 15,000 or more, further preferably 20,000 or more, particularly preferably 30,000 or more. It is more preferably 15,000 to 500,000, further preferably 20,000 to 300,000, and particularly preferably 30,000 to 300,000.
- the weight average molecular weight can be determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the fluoropolymer (2) can be produced, for example, by polymerizing a monomer corresponding to each structural unit by a known polymerization method.
- the fluoropolymer (2) has a structural unit (-[CH 2 -CH(OH)]-) based on vinyl alcohol
- the fluoromonomer and the vinyl ester monomer are polymerized and then esterified by saponification or the like. It can be produced by a method of converting a site into a hydroxyl group, a method of polymerizing a fluoromonomer and a vinyl ether monomer, and then converting an alkoxy group into a hydroxyl group by deprotection.
- Examples of the alkali metal salt in the complex (2) include the same alkali metal salts as those usable in the complex (1).
- the alkali metal salt is preferably dissolved in the fluoropolymer (2). Thereby, the ionic conductivity is further improved.
- the content of the alkali metal salt is preferably 0.1 to 500 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 100 parts by mass, and more preferably 10 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the fluoropolymer (2). More preferably, it is parts by mass.
- the complex (2) preferably further contains an organic hetero-type crystal. Thereby, the ionic conductivity is further improved.
- the organic hetero-based crystal is preferably a plastic crystal (organic ionic plastic crystal (OIPC)) or a molecular crystal containing a hetero atom and a carbon atom.
- the organic hetero type crystal preferably further contains a hydrogen atom.
- hetero atom contained in the above organic hetero type crystal examples include a boron atom, an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, a phosphorus atom, a silicon atom, a halogen atom and the like.
- Examples of the organic ionic plastic crystal include a cation containing at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrogen atom and phosphorus atom, and a group consisting of boron atom, oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom and fluorine atom. And a compound comprising an anion containing at least one of the above.
- Examples of the cation include ammonium cations and phosphonium cations. Of these, alkylammonium cations and alkylphosphonium cations are preferable.
- the anion examples include a borate anion which may have a fluorine atom, a sulfonimide anion which may have a fluorine atom, a phosphate anion which may have a fluorine atom, and H 2 F 3 ⁇ .
- borate anions having a fluorine atom sulfone imide anions having a fluorine atom, and phosphate anions having a fluorine atom are preferable.
- the organic ionic plastic crystal a known compound such as succinic acid nitrile may be used.
- Examples of the molecular crystal include compounds containing at least one selected from the group consisting of boron atom, oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom, silicon atom and fluorine atom.
- the molecular crystal preferably has an aromatic ring.
- Examples of the aromatic ring include a benzene ring and a thiophene ring.
- a known compound may be used as the molecular crystal.
- the content of the organic hetero-based crystal is preferably 0.1 to 100 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.5 to 50 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the fluoropolymer (2).
- the composite (2) can further contain other components than the fluoropolymer (2), the alkali metal salt, and the organic hetero-based crystal, if necessary.
- the composite (2) preferably has a volatile content of 1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, and further preferably 0.01% by mass or less with respect to the composite (2). Is even more preferable, and 0.001 mass% or less is particularly preferable.
- the lower limit of the volatile content is not particularly limited, but may be 0% by mass or 0.0001% by mass.
- the volatile content is a value measured by heating the sample at 60° C. for 60 minutes and measuring the obtained gas content.
- the composite (2) has an alkali metal ion transport number of preferably 0.3 or more, more preferably 0.5 or more, and further preferably 0.8 or more.
- the upper limit of the alkali metal ion transport number is not particularly limited.
- the alkali metal ion transport number may be a lithium ion transport number, a sodium ion transport number or a potassium ion transport number, and is preferably a lithium ion transport number.
- the alkali metal ion transport number is a value obtained by the following method. Perform a complex AC impedance measurement and estimate the resistance value (R0). After that, direct current polarization measurement is performed, and it is confirmed that the current value is constant (the initial current value is I0, and the current value when it is constant is Is).
- the composite (2) can be used in a field where ionic conductivity and withstand voltage are required, and can be suitably used as a constituent material of, for example, a battery, especially a secondary battery.
- the composite (2) is preferably used as an electrolyte.
- the electrolyte may be a solid electrolyte or a gel electrolyte.
- the composite (2) may be used as the electrolyte or may be used as a constituent material of the electrolyte. Since the composite (2) can also impregnate voids between solid particles, the composite (2) can be embedded between solid particles forming a battery, particularly between inorganic solid particles (preferably voids between these particles). It is also preferred that 2) be present.
- the composite (2) be made to function as an electrolyte.
- the composite (2) can be suitably used as a constituent material of an all-solid battery, especially an all-solid secondary battery. Among them, it can be particularly suitably used as a constituent material of an all-solid-state battery containing an inorganic solid electrolyte.
- the present disclosure has the formula: -[CR 1 R 2 -CR 3 R 4 ]- (Wherein, R 1 ⁇ R 4, independently of one another, H, F, Cl, CF 3, OR 11 (R 11 is an organic group) having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. However, the R 1 ⁇ R 4 At least one is F.) and a structural unit (1) formula: -[CR 5 R 6 -CR 7 R 8 ]- (In the formula, R 5 to R 8 are, independently of each other, H, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a functional group containing a hetero atom other than a fluorine atom, or a group containing the above functional group.
- At least one of R 5 to R 8 is a functional group containing a hetero atom other than a fluorine atom or a group containing the above functional group), and the formula:-( R a O) m- (R a is a perfluoroalkylene group, m is an integer of 2 or more), the step of obtaining a mixture by mixing a fluorine-containing polymer not containing a structure represented by a structure, an alkali metal salt, and a solvent ( 1) and It also relates to a method for producing a composite, which comprises a step (2) of obtaining a composite containing the fluoropolymer and the alkali metal salt by removing the solvent from the mixture. According to the manufacturing method of the present disclosure, the composite (2) described above can be preferably manufactured.
- fluoropolymer and the alkali metal salt in the production method of the present disclosure include the same as the fluoropolymer (fluoropolymer (2)) and the alkali metal salt in the composite (2).
- the solvent in the step (1) is not limited as long as it can dissolve the fluoropolymer and the alkali metal salt, and may be water or an organic solvent, but is preferably an organic solvent. It is preferable that the solvent can also dissolve the above-mentioned organic hetero type crystal.
- organic solvent examples include nitrogen-containing organic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and dimethylformamide; ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, and methyl isobutyl ketone; ethyl acetate.
- nitrogen-containing organic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and dimethylformamide
- ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, and methyl isobutyl ketone
- ethyl acetate examples include nitrogen-containing organic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and dimethylformamide
- ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, and methyl is
- Ester solvents such as butyl acetate; ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethyl cellosolve, methyl cellosolve, diglyme, triglyme; aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as xylene, toluene, solvent naphtha; n-pentane, n-hexane , N-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane, n-undecane, n-dodecane, mineral spirits and the like aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents; mixed solvents thereof and the like.
- nitrogen-containing organic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide and dimethylformamide
- ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone and methyl isobutyl ketone are preferable.
- the order of mixing each component is not particularly limited.
- the fluoropolymer and the alkali metal salt may be mixed and dissolved in the solvent at the same time, or the fluoropolymer may be mixed and dissolved in the solvent, and then the alkali metal salt may be mixed and dissolved.
- the alkali metal salt may be mixed and dissolved in the solvent, and then the fluoropolymer may be mixed and dissolved.
- the above organic hetero type crystal may be further mixed.
- the order of mixing in this case is also not particularly limited, and at the same time as the above-mentioned fluoropolymer and the above-mentioned alkali metal salt, the above-mentioned organic hetero-system crystals may be mixed and dissolved in the above-mentioned solvent.
- the organic hetero-type crystal may be mixed and dissolved in the solvent, may be mixed and dissolved after the fluoropolymer and the alkali metal salt, between the fluoropolymer and the alkali metal salt May be mixed and dissolved.
- the removal of the solvent in the step (2) can be performed, for example, by drying. You may heat as needed. The conditions of drying and heating can be appropriately determined according to the type of the solvent and the like.
- the production method of the present disclosure may further include a step (3) of applying the mixture obtained in the step (1) to an object.
- the step (3) is preferably performed after the step (1) and before the step (2).
- the coating in step (3) can be performed by a method such as brush coating, spray coating, dip coating, flow coating, dispenser coating, screen coating and the like.
- the object in the step (3) is not particularly limited and may be selected according to the application.
- the composite when used in a battery (preferably an all-solid battery), it may be, for example, an electrolyte layer (preferably an inorganic solid electrolyte layer) or an electrode layer.
- the present disclosure also relates to a battery including the structure of the present disclosure described above or the composite (complex (2)) of the present disclosure described above.
- the battery of the present disclosure is preferably a secondary battery.
- the battery of the present disclosure is preferably an alkali metal ion battery such as a lithium ion battery, a sodium ion battery, and a potassium ion battery, and more preferably a lithium ion battery.
- the battery of the present disclosure may be a solid electrolyte battery, a gel electrolyte battery, or the like.
- the solid electrolyte battery may be an organic solid electrolyte battery or an inorganic solid electrolyte battery.
- the solid electrolyte battery may be an all-solid battery.
- the organic solid electrolyte battery may include the composite (2).
- the composite (2) can be used as an organic solid electrolyte (solid polymer electrolyte).
- the organic solid electrolyte battery may be an all-solid battery.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte battery can include the structure or composite (2) of the present disclosure.
- the structure of the present disclosure can be used in the basic configuration of the above inorganic solid electrolyte battery.
- the composite (2) can be present between the inorganic solid particles (for example, the inorganic solid particles constituting the electrode or the electrolyte) (preferably the voids between these particles).
- the composite (2) can also function as an electrolyte.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte battery may be an all-solid battery.
- the gel electrolyte battery may include the composite (2).
- the composite (2) can be used as a polymer material that holds a solvent or an electrolytic solution in a gel electrolyte.
- the battery of the present disclosure is an all-solid-state battery.
- the all-solid-state battery is preferably an all-solid-state secondary battery.
- the all-solid-state battery includes an inorganic solid electrolyte.
- the all-solid-state battery is preferably an all-solid-state lithium-ion battery, an all-solid-state sodium-ion battery, an all-solid-state potassium-ion battery, or the like, and more preferably an all-solid-state lithium-ion battery.
- the above all-solid-state battery A positive electrode layer, A negative electrode layer, An inorganic solid electrolyte layer formed between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer, It is preferable to have a fluoropolymer layer provided between the positive electrode layer and the inorganic solid electrolyte layer and at least one of the negative electrode layer and the inorganic solid electrolyte layer.
- At least one of the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer is preferably an electrode layer in the structure of the present disclosure described above.
- the electrode active material and other constituent materials forming the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer are as described above.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte layer is preferably the inorganic solid electrolyte layer in the structure of the present disclosure described above.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte and other constituent materials forming the inorganic solid electrolyte layer are as described above.
- the fluoropolymer layer is preferably a fluoropolymer layer in the structure of the present disclosure described above or a layer formed of the composite of the present disclosure described above.
- Examples of the shape of the all-solid-state battery include a coin type, a laminated type, a cylindrical type, and a square type.
- the positive electrode layer, the fluoropolymer layer (if present), the inorganic solid electrolyte layer, the fluoropolymer layer (if present), and the negative electrode layer are laminated in this order. Then, it can be manufactured by a method such as pressing to produce a laminated body, housing the laminated body inside a battery case, and caulking the battery case if desired.
- polymer 1 of a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (composition ratio (molar ratio) 48:52) and polymer of the same copolymer (composition ratio (molar ratio) 36:64) 2 was used.
- the above polymer, the lithium salt shown in Table 1 and the additive were added to acetone as a solvent to prepare a solution containing 20% by mass of the lithium salt and 10% by mass of the additive with respect to the polymer.
- the above solution was applied to a PET film, a film was formed with a bar coater, and the solvent was gradually distilled off with a high temperature dryer to obtain composites 1 to 4 (solid electrolytes).
- the film forming ability was confirmed depending on whether the film could be peeled off from the film.
- the case where the film could be peeled off was evaluated as ⁇ (film formation possible), and the case where the film could not be peeled off was evaluated as x (film formation impossible).
- the transparency of the obtained film was confirmed.
- the film was transparent, it was evaluated as ⁇ , and when it was cloudy, it was evaluated as x.
- the transparency of the film means that the lithium salt is sufficiently dissolved in the polymer.
- Table 1 The volatile content of the obtained composite was measured by the following method. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 Composites 5 and 6 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polymer 3 (polyethylene oxide) was used as the polymer instead of polymer 1, and the film forming ability and transparency were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- ⁇ Electrochemical stability measurement> The oxidation resistance was evaluated by measurement by the LSV (Linear Sweep Voltammetry) method.
- LSV measurement a solution containing 3% by mass of LiTFSI and 2% by mass of succinic acid nitrile using propylene carbonate as a solvent was used. Two kinds of preparations were performed, one containing 1% by mass of the polymer 1 (Example 5) and one containing 1% by mass of the polymer 3 (Comparative Example 3).
- Example 1 ⁇ Measurement of ionic conductivity>
- the same complex as in Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 was used.
- the PET film at the time of film formation was changed to a copper foil, the polymer solution was applied to the copper foil, the solvent was distilled off, and then the film was cut into a coin-shaped size as it was without being peeled off from the copper foil. Because it is not possible, I changed the process like this).
- a coin-type battery was manufactured by using stainless steel as a working electrode and a counter electrode, and interposing the copper foil and the composite film between these electrodes. The prepared battery was connected to a complex AC impedance measuring device using a copper wire, and its resistance was measured.
- the measurement was carried out by leaving the battery in a constant temperature bath set at 60° C. for 3 hours to allow the electrolyte and the electrode to fully adapt.
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Abstract
Description
上記含フッ素ポリマー層は、含フッ素ポリマー及びアルカリ金属塩を含む複合体からなる
ことを特徴とする構造体に関する。
-[CR1R2-CR3R4]-
(式中、R1~R4は、互いに独立に、H、F、Cl、CF3、OR11(R11は炭素数1~8の有機基)である。ただし、R1~R4の少なくとも1つはFである。)で示される構造単位(1)と、
式:
-[CR5R6-CR7R8]-
(式中、R5~R8は、互いに独立に、H、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、フッ素原子以外のヘテロ原子を含む官能基、又は、上記官能基を含む基である。ただし、R5~R8の少なくとも1つは、フッ素原子以外のヘテロ原子を含む官能基又は上記官能基を含む基である。)で示される構造単位(2)とを含み、かつ、式:-(RaO)m-(Raはパーフルオロアルキレン基、mは2以上の整数)で示される構造を含まない含フッ素ポリマー、及び、アルカリ金属塩を含むことを特徴とする複合体に関する。
上記構造単位(2)は、式(i):
-[CR1R2-CR3R4]-
(式中、R1~R4は、互いに独立に、H、F、Cl、CF3、OR11(R11は炭素数1~8の有機基)である。ただし、R1~R4の少なくとも1つはFである。)で示される構造単位(1)と、
式:
-[CR5R6-CR7R8]-
(式中、R5~R8は、互いに独立に、H、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、フッ素原子以外のヘテロ原子を含む官能基、又は、上記官能基を含む基である。ただし、R5~R8の少なくとも1つは、フッ素原子以外のヘテロ原子を含む官能基又は上記官能基を含む基である。)で示される構造単位(2)とを含み、かつ、式:-(RaO)m-(Raはパーフルオロアルキレン基、mは2以上の整数)で示される構造を含まない含フッ素ポリマー、アルカリ金属塩、及び、溶媒を混合することにより混合物を得る工程(1)と、
上記混合物から上記溶媒を除去することにより、上記含フッ素ポリマー及び上記アルカリ金属塩を含む複合体を得る工程(2)と
を含むことを特徴とする複合体の製造方法にも関する。
本開示は、電極層と、無機固体電解質層と、上記電極層と上記無機固体電解質層との間に設けられた含フッ素ポリマー層とを有し、上記含フッ素ポリマー層は、含フッ素ポリマー及びアルカリ金属塩を含む複合体からなることを特徴とする構造体に関する。
全固体電池等の電気化学デバイスにおいて、電極層や電解質層の構成材料に無機固体電解質を使用する場合には、粒子間の空隙が生じやすく、イオン伝導性が低下しやすいという問題がある。
本開示の構造体は、電極層と無機固体電解質層との間に特定の含フッ素ポリマー層を有するので、電極層(例えば電極活物質や無機固体電解質の粒子を含む)と無機固体電解質層との間に空隙が生じにくく、優れたイオン伝導性、例えば優れたアルカリ金属イオン伝導性を発揮し得る。
また、含フッ素ポリマーの使用により、優れた耐電圧性を発揮し得る。
本開示の構造体は、後述のように、電池の構成材料として好適に使用できる。
なお、「2種以下」は、1種又は2種を意味する。
上記官能基としては、なかでも、水酸基、アミド基、カーボネート基、エーテル基、及び、エステル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種が好ましく、水酸基、アミド基、カーボネート基、及び、エステル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種がより好ましく、水酸基、アミド基、及び、エステル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種が更に好ましい。
また、上記含フッ素ポリマー(1)は、式:-(RbO)n-(Rbは非フッ素化アルキレン基、nは1以上の整数)で示される構造を主鎖に含まないことが好ましい。
融点は、示差走査熱量計〔DSC〕を用いて10℃/分の速度で昇温したときの融解熱曲線における極大値に対応する温度である。
ムーニー粘度は、ASTM D1646及びJIS K6300に準拠して測定する。
上記含フッ素ポリマーとしては、含フッ素ポリマー(1)及び含フッ素ポリマー(1)以外のフッ素樹脂からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種が好ましく、含フッ素ポリマー(1)がより好ましい。
上記アルカリ金属塩として、具体的には、LiSCN、LiN(CN)2、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiAsF6、LiPF6、LiCF3SO3、Li(CF3SO2)2N、Li(CF3SO2)3C、LiN(SO2C2F5)2、リチウムアルキルフルオロリン酸塩、リチウムオキサラトホウ酸塩、5~7員環を有する他のリチウムビス(キレート)ホウ酸塩、リチウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホンイミド)(LiTFSI)、リチウムビス(モノフルオロスルホンイミド)(LiFSI)、LiCl、LiF、LiBr、LiI、LiPF3(C2F5)3、LiPF3(CF3)3、LiB(C2O4)2、リチウムジフルオロオキサラトボレート(LiDFOB)、LiPO2F2、LiSO3F、(CH3CH2)2NSO3Li、(CH2=CHCH2)2NSO3Li、(CF3CH2)2NSO3Li、(CF3CH2)N(CH3)SO3Li、(N≡CCH2)2NSO3Li、リチウムピロリジン-1-サルフォネート、リチウムピペリジン-1-サルフォネート、リチウムモルフォリン-4-サルフォネート等のリチウム塩;NaSCN、NaSO3CF3、NaCl、NaF、NaBr、NaI、NaFSI、NaTFSI等のナトリウム塩;KCl、KF、KBr、KI、KFSI、KTFSI等のカリウム塩;これらの混合物等が挙げられる。
上記アルカリ金属塩としては、なかでも、LiSCN、LiN(CN)2、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiAsF6、LiPF6、LiCF3SO3、Li(CF3SO2)2N、Li(CF3SO2)3C、LiN(SO2C2F5)2、LiTFSI、LiFSI、LiCl、LiF、LiBr、LiI、LiPO2F2、LiSO3F、(CH3CH2)2NSO3Li、(CH2=CHCH2)2NSO3Li、(CF3CH2)2NSO3Li、(CF3CH2)N(CH3)SO3Li、(N≡CCH2)2NSO3Li、リチウムピロリジン-1-サルフォネート、リチウムピペリジン-1-サルフォネート、リチウムモルフォリン-4-サルフォネートが好ましく、LiTFSI、LiFSI、LiCl、LiF、LiBr、LiI、LiPO2F2、LiSO3F、(CH3CH2)2NSO3Li、(CH2=CHCH2)2NSO3Liがより好ましく、LiTFSI、LiFSI、LiI、LiPO2F2、LiSO3F、(CH3CH2)2NSO3Li、(CH2=CHCH2)2NSO3Liが特に好ましい。
例えば、コバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO2)、ニッケル酸リチウム(LiNiO2)、マンガン酸リチウム(LiMn2O4)、LiNiCoO2、ニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウム(LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2等)、アルミニウム含有ニッケルコバルト酸リチウム(LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2等)、Li1+xMn2-x-yMyO4(Mは、Al、Mg、Co、Fe、Ni、及びZnから選ばれる1種以上の金属元素)で表される組成の異種元素置換Li-Mnスピネル、チタン酸リチウム(LixTiOy)、リン酸金属リチウム(LiMPO4、MはFe、Mn、Co、又はNi)、遷移金属酸化物(V2O5、MoO3等)、イオウ含有化合物(Li2S、TiS2等)、リチウムシリコン酸化物(LixSiyOz)、リチウム金属(Li)、リチウム合金(LiM、Mは、Sn、Si、Al、Ge、Sb、又はP)、リチウム貯蔵性金属間化合物(MgxM又はLySb、MはSn、Ge、又はSb、LはIn、Cu、又はMn)、Li過剰の複合酸化物(Li2MnO3-LiMO2)、Li2PtO3、LiNiVO4、LiCoVO4、LiCrMnO4、LiFe(SO4)3等のリチウム含有化合物;Na4M3(PO4)2P2O7(MはNi、Co又はMn)等のナトリウム含有化合物;これらの誘導体を挙げることができる。
上記正極活物質の粒径は特に限定されないが、平均粒径が3~20μmのものを好適に用いることができる。
例えば、アルカリ金属イオンを挿入及び脱離可能な炭素質材料の他、アルカリ金属イオンを挿入及び脱離可能な金属や半金属の単体・合金、化合物等が挙げられる。炭素質材料としては、黒鉛(天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛等)、ハードカーボン、非晶質炭素等が例示できる。金属や半金属の単体・合金としては、リチウム金属や合金;Sn、Si、Al、Sb、Zn、Bi等の金属粉;Sn5Cu6、Sn2Co、Sn2Fe、Ti-Sn、Ti-Si等の金属合金粉;その他アモルファス合金やメッキ合金等が挙げられる。上記化合物としては、例えば、酸化物、硫化物、窒化物、水素化物、シリサイド(リチウムシリサイド等)等が挙げられる。酸化物としては、チタン酸化物、リチウムチタン酸化物(Li4/3Ti5/3O等)、ケイ素酸化物等が挙げられる。窒化物としては、リチウムコバルト窒化物(LiCoN)等が挙げられる。負極活物質は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。例えば、ケイ素酸化物と炭素質材料とを併用してもよい。
上記負極活物質の粒径は特に限定されないが、平均粒径が3~80μmのものを好適に用いることができる。
上記バインダーとしては、例えば、上述の複合体(1)、ポリシロキサン、ポリアルキレングリコール、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)、ポリフッ化ビニル、水素添加ブチレンゴム、多硫化ゴム、スチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)、スチレンブタジエンゴム/カルボキシメチルセルロース(SBR/CMC)、ポリエチレンオキシド(PEO)、分岐PEO、ポリフェニレンオキサイド(PPO)、PEO-PPO共重合体、分岐PEO-PPO共重合体、アルキルボラン含有ポリエーテル等が挙げられる。
上記導電助材としては、特に制限されず、従来用いられる材料を用いることができ、黒鉛、カーボンブラック等を用いることができる。
上記電極集電体の材質としては、例えば、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、ステンレス鋼、チタン、鉄、コバルト、亜鉛、スズ、銅、ニッケル、ゲルマニウム、インジウム、これらの合金、カーボン等が例示される。
上記の方法以外に、ブラスト法、エアロゾルデポジション法、コールドスプレー法、スパッタリング法、気相成長法、加圧プレス法、溶射法等も用いることができる。
上記硫化物系固体電解質としては、例えば、Li2S-SiS2、Li2S-P2S5、Li2S-GeS2、Li2S-B2S3、Li2S-Ga2S3、Li2S-Al2S3、Li2S-GeS2-P2S5、Li2S-Al2S3-P2S5、Li2S-P2S3、Li2S-P2S3-P2S5、LiX0-Li2S-P2S5、LiX0-Li2S-SiS2、LiX0-Li2S-B2S3、Li3PO4-Li2S-Si2S、Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2、LiPO4-Li2S-SiS、LiX0-Li2S-P2O5、LiX0-Li3PO4-P2S5、等のリチウムイオン伝導体(X0は、I、Br、又はClである。)が挙げられる。
上記硫化物固体電解質は、結晶質であってもよく、非晶質であってもよく、ガラスセラミックスであってもよい。
上記酸化物系固体電解質としては、例えば、LiPON、Li3PO4、Li2SiO2、Li2SiO4、Li0.5La0.5TiO3、Li1.3Al0.3Ti0.7(PO4)3、La0.51Li0.34TiO0.74、Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3が挙げられる。
上記酸化物固体電解質は、結晶質であってもよく、非晶質であってもよく、ガラスセラミックスであってもよい。
上記の方法以外に、ブラスト法、エアロゾルデポジション法、コールドスプレー法、スパッタリング法、気相成長法、加圧プレス法、溶射法等も用いることができる。
また、上記複合体(1)の少なくとも一部が、上記電極層の少なくとも一部における空隙(例えば電極活物質又は無機固体電解質の粒子間の空隙)に含浸されていることが好ましい。
また、上記電極層又は上記無機固体電解質層の上に上記含フッ素ポリマー層(上記複合体(1))の原料混合物を塗布し、溶媒を除去した後、形成された含フッ素ポリマー層の上に、上記無機固体電解質層又は上記電極層を積層し、所望によりプレスすることによっても、製造することができる。
-[CR1R2-CR3R4]-
(式中、R1~R4は、互いに独立に、H、F、Cl、CF3、OR11(R11は炭素数1~8の有機基)である。ただし、R1~R4の少なくとも1つはFである。)で示される構造単位(1)と、
式:
-[CR5R6-CR7R8]-
(式中、R5~R8は、互いに独立に、H、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、フッ素原子以外のヘテロ原子を含む官能基、又は、上記官能基を含む基である。ただし、R5~R8の少なくとも1つは、フッ素原子以外のヘテロ原子を含む官能基又は上記官能基を含む基である。)で示される構造単位(2)とを含み、かつ、式:-(RaO)m-(Raはパーフルオロアルキレン基、mは2以上の整数)で示される構造を含まない含フッ素ポリマー(以下、含フッ素ポリマー(2)ともいう。)、及び、
アルカリ金属塩を含むことを特徴とする複合体(以下、複合体(2)ともいう。)にも関する。
上記含フッ素ポリマー(2)は、上記アルカリ金属塩の溶解性に優れるので、上記複合体(2)は、優れたイオン伝導性、例えば優れたアルカリ金属イオン伝導性を発揮し得る。また、上記含フッ素ポリマー(2)を含むので、優れた耐電圧性を発揮し得る。
本開示の複合体(2)は、後述のように、電池の構成材料として好適に使用できる。
上記含フッ素ポリマー(2)は、式:-(RbO)n-(Rbは非フッ素化アルキレン基、nは1以上の整数)で示される構造を主鎖に含まないことが好ましい。
上記パーフルオロアルキル基としては、パーフルオロメチル基、パーフルオロエチル基、パーフルオロプロピル基、パーフルオロブチル基、パーフルオロペンチル基、パーフルオロヘキシル基等が挙げられ、パーフルオロメチル基及びパーフルオロプロピル基が特に好ましい。
CR1R2=CR3R4
(式中、R1~R4は、上記と同じである。)で示されるフルオロモノマー(a)に基づく構造単位であることが好ましい。
なかでも、-[CF2-CF2]-、-[CF2-CFCF3]-、-[CF2-CFCl]-、-[CH2-CF2]-、-[CF2-CFOCF3]-及び-[CF2-CFOC3F7]-からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種が好ましく、-[CF2-CF2]-及び-[CF2-CFCF3]-からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種が好ましく、-[CF2-CF2]-が更に好ましい。
R5~R8の2つ以上が上記官能基又は上記官能基を含む基である場合、それらは互いに結合していてもよい。
CR5R6=CR7R8
(式中、R5~R8は、上記と同じである。)で示される単量体(以下、ヘテロ基含有単量体ともいう。)に基づく構造単位であることが好ましい。
式(A):CH2=CH-(CH2)l-O-(CH2)m-OH
(式中、lは0又は1、mは2~20の整数)で示される単量体からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種が好ましく、ビニルアルコール、4-ヒドロキシブチルビニルエーテル、2-ヒドロキシエチルビニルエーテル、2-ヒドロキシエチルアリルエーテル及び4-ヒドロキシブチルアリルエーテルからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種がより好ましく、ビニルアルコールが特に好ましい。
上記各式において、R1及びR2は、互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。
上記アミド基含有単量体としては、また、上述の式(i)で示される化合物も好ましい。
式(B):CH2=CR1a-(CH2)n-COOH
(式中、R1aは、水素原子又は炭素数1~10の直鎖又は分岐鎖状のアルキル基;nは0以上の整数)で示されるものが好ましく、例えば、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、ビニル酢酸、ペンテン酸、ヘキセン酸、ヘプテン酸、オクテン酸、ノネン酸、デセン酸、ウンデシレン酸、ドデセン酸、トリデセン酸、テトラデセン酸、ペンタデセン酸、ヘキサデセン酸、ヘプタデセン酸、オクタデセン酸、ノナデセン酸、エイコセン酸、22-トリコセン酸等が挙げられる。なかでも、アクリル酸及びウンデシレン酸からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種が好ましく、アクリル酸がより好ましい。
上記水酸基含有単量体、上記アミド基含有単量体及び上記エステル基含有単量体からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種が好ましく、
上記水酸基含有単量体及び上記アミド基含有単量体からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種がより好ましく、
上記アミド基含有単量体が更に好ましく、
式(i)で示される化合物が特に好ましく、
N-ビニル-2-ピロリドンが最も好ましい。
ビニルアルコール、N-ビニル-2-ピロリドン、酢酸ビニル及び酢酸イソプロペニルからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種が好ましく、
ビニルアルコール及びN-ビニル-2-ピロリドンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種がより好ましく、
N-ビニル-2-ピロリドンが更に好ましい。
構造単位(1)がTFE及びHFPからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種に基づく構造単位であり、構造単位(2)が上記水酸基含有単量体、上記アミド基含有単量体及び上記エステル基含有単量体からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種に基づく構造単位であるものが好ましく、
構造単位(1)がTFE及びHFPからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種に基づく構造単位であり、構造単位(2)が上記水酸基含有単量体及び上記アミド基含有単量体からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種に基づく構造単位であるものがより好ましく、
構造単位(1)がTFE及びHFPからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種に基づく構造単位であり、構造単位(2)が上記アミド基含有単量体に基づく構造単位であるものが更に好ましく、
構造単位(1)がTFE及びHFPからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種に基づく構造単位であり、構造単位(2)が式(i)で示される化合物に基づく構造単位であるものが特に好ましく、
構造単位(1)がTFE及びHFPからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種に基づく構造単位であり、構造単位(2)がN-ビニル-2-ピロリドンに基づく構造単位であるものが最も好ましい。
構造単位(1)がTFE及びHFPからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種に基づく構造単位であり、構造単位(2)がビニルアルコール及びN-ビニル-2-ピロリドンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種に基づく構造単位であるものがより好ましく、
構造単位(1)がTFE及びHFPからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種に基づく構造単位であり、構造単位(2)がN-ビニル-2-ピロリドンに基づく構造単位であるものが更に好ましい。
上記アルキル基としては、炭素数1~3のアルキル基が挙げられ、メチル基が好ましい。
上記フルオロアルキル基としては、炭素数1~12の直鎖又は分岐したフルオロアルキル基が好ましい。
上記他のフルオロモノマーとしては、トリフルオロスチレン、一般式:CH2=CFRf1(式中、Rf1は炭素数1~12の直鎖又は分岐したフルオロアルキル基)で表されるフルオロモノマー、フルオロアルキルビニルエーテル、フルオロアルキルエチレン、トリフルオロプロピレン、ペンタフルオロプロピレン、トリフルオロブテン、テトラフルオロイソブテン、ヘキサフルオロイソブテン、トリフルオロスチレン等が好ましい。
上記含フッ素ポリマー(2)がビニルアルコールに基づく構造単位(-[CH2-CH(OH)]-)を有する場合は、フルオロモノマーとビニルエステルモノマーとを重合させた後、ケン化等によりエステル部位を水酸基化する方法や、フルオロモノマーとビニルエーテルモノマーとを重合させた後、脱保護によりアルコキシ基を水酸基に変換する方法等により製造することができる。
上記カチオンとしては、アンモニウム系カチオン、ホスホニウム系カチオン等が挙げられる。なかでも、アルキルアンモニウムカチオン、アルキルホスホニウムカチオンが好ましい。
上記アニオンとしては、フッ素原子を有してもよいボレート系アニオン、フッ素原子を有してもよいスルホンイミド系アニオン、フッ素原子を有してもよいホスフェート系アニオン、H2F3 -等が挙げられる。なかでも、フッ素原子を有するボレート系アニオン、フッ素原子を有するスルホンイミド系アニオン、フッ素原子を有するホスフェート系アニオンが好ましい。
上記有機イオン性プラスチッククリスタルとして、コハク酸ニトリル等の公知の化合物を使用してもよい。
上記分子結晶は、芳香環を有することが好ましい。上記芳香環としては、ベンゼン環、チオフェン環等が挙げられる。
上記分子結晶として、公知の化合物を使用してもよい。
上記揮発分量は、60℃で60分間試料を加熱し、得られたガス量により測定する値である。
上記アルカリ金属イオン輸率は、リチウムイオン輸率、ナトリウムイオン輸率又はカリウムイオン輸率であってよく、リチウムイオン輸率であることが好ましい。
上記アルカリ金属イオン輸率は、以下の方法により求める値である。
複素交流インピーダンス測定を行い、抵抗値(R0)を見積もる。その後、直流分極測定を行い、電流値が一定になったのを確認(初期電流値をI0、一定になった時の電流値をIsとする)する。その後、再び複素交流インピーダンス測定を行い、抵抗値(Rs)を見積もる。
下記式で表されるエバンス式により、アルカリ金属イオン輸率(t+)を算出する。
t+=Is(ΔV-I0・R0)/I0(ΔV-Is・Rs)
ΔV:印加電圧
R0、Rs、I0、Is:上記のとおり
上記複合体(2)は、電解質に用いられることが好ましい。上記電解質は固体電解質でもゲル電解質でもよい。上記複合体(2)を、上記電解質として用いてもよく、上記電解質の構成材料として用いてもよい。
上記複合体(2)は、固体粒子間の空隙にも含浸可能であることから、電池を構成する固体粒子間、特に無機固体粒子間(好ましくはこれらの粒子間の空隙)に上記複合体(2)を存在させることも好ましい。この態様において、上記複合体(2)を電解質として機能させることも好ましい。
上記複合体(2)は、全固体電池、特に全固体二次電池の構成材料として好適に利用できる。なかでも、無機固体電解質を含む全固体電池の構成材料として特に好適に利用できる。
-[CR1R2-CR3R4]-
(式中、R1~R4は、互いに独立に、H、F、Cl、CF3、OR11(R11は炭素数1~8の有機基)である。ただし、R1~R4の少なくとも1つはFである。)で示される構造単位(1)と、
式:
-[CR5R6-CR7R8]-
(式中、R5~R8は、互いに独立に、H、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、フッ素原子以外のヘテロ原子を含む官能基、又は、上記官能基を含む基である。ただし、R5~R8の少なくとも1つは、フッ素原子以外のヘテロ原子を含む官能基又は上記官能基を含む基である。)で示される構造単位(2)とを含み、かつ、式:-(RaO)m-(Raはパーフルオロアルキレン基、mは2以上の整数)で示される構造を含まない含フッ素ポリマー、アルカリ金属塩、及び、溶媒を混合することにより混合物を得る工程(1)と、
上記混合物から上記溶媒を除去することにより、上記含フッ素ポリマー及び上記アルカリ金属塩を含む複合体を得る工程(2)とを含むことを特徴とする複合体の製造方法にも関する。
本開示の製造方法によれば、上述した複合体(2)を好適に製造できる。
上記溶媒は、更に、上述した有機ヘテロ系結晶をも溶解可能であることが好ましい。
なかでも、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルホルムアミド等の含窒素系有機溶媒;アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、メチルイソブチルケトン等のケトン系溶媒が好ましい。
乾燥、加熱の条件は、上記溶媒の種類等に応じて適宜決定することができる。
工程(3)は、工程(1)の実施後、かつ工程(2)の実施前に実施することが好ましい。
本開示の電池は、リチウムイオン電池、ナトリウムイオン電池、カリウムイオン電池等のアルカリ金属イオン電池であることが好ましく、リチウムイオン電池であることがより好ましい。
上記有機固体電解質電池は、全固体電池であってもよい。
上記無機固体電解質電池は、全固体電池であってもよい。
上記全固体電池は、全固体リチウムイオン電池、全固体ナトリウムイオン電池、全固体カリウムイオン電池等の全固体アルカリ金属イオン電池であることが好ましく、全固体リチウムイオン電池であることがより好ましい。
正極層と、
負極層と、
上記正極層及び上記負極層の間に形成された無機固体電解質層と、
上記正極層と上記無機固体電解質層との間、及び、上記負極層と上記無機固体電解質層との間の少なくとも一方に設けられた含フッ素ポリマー層と
を有することが好ましい。
実施例1~4
ポリマーとして、テトラフルオロエチレン及びN-ビニル-2-ピロリドンの共重合体(組成比(モル比)48:52)のポリマー1及び同共重合体(組成比(モル比)36:64)のポリマー2を用いた。溶媒としてのアセトンに上記ポリマー、表1に示すリチウム塩及び添加剤を加えて、ポリマーに対してリチウム塩20質量%、添加剤10質量%を含む溶液を作成した。
上記溶液をPET製のフィルムに塗布し、バーコーターで膜を形成し、高温乾燥機で徐々に溶媒を留去し、複合体1~4(固体電解質)を得た。その際、フィルムから膜を剥がすことができるかどうかにより、膜形成能を確認した。膜を剥がすことができた場合を〇(膜形成可能)、剥がすことができなかった場合を×(膜形成不可能)と評価した。
また、得られた膜の透明性を確認した。膜が透明であれば〇、白濁していれば×と評価した。膜が透明であることは、ポリマーにリチウム塩が充分に溶解していることを意味する。
結果を表1に示す。
また、得られた複合体の揮発分量を下記方法により測定した。結果を表2に示す。
上記で得られた複合体1~4を60℃で60分間加熱し、発生したガス量を求めた。加熱前の複合体に対する上記ガスの質量割合を、揮発分量とした。
ポリマーとして、ポリマー1の代わりにポリマー3(ポリエチレンオキシド)を使用する点以外は実施例1と同様にして複合体5及び6を作成し、膜形成能及び透明性の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
LSV(Linear Sweep Voltammetry)法による測定を行い、耐酸化性を評価した。LSV測定はプロピレンカーボネートを溶媒として、3質量%のLiTFSI、2質量%のコハク酸ニトリルを入れた溶液を用いた。この溶液に上記ポリマー1を1質量%加えたもの(実施例5)及び上記ポリマー3を1質量%加えたもの(比較例3)の2種の調製を行った。測定容器に予め調製した各測定溶液を入れ、作用極に白金電極を、対極及び参照極にリチウム金属を浸したものをLSV測定用セルとし、OCV(Open Circuit Voltage)から掃引速度5mV/sで、酸化側に8V(vs.Li+/Li)まで電位を掃引させ測定した。
結果を図1に示す。
本測定用サンプルとして、実施例1及び比較例2と同様の複合体を用いた。ただし、膜形成時のPETフィルムを銅箔に変更し、ポリマー溶液を銅箔へ塗布し溶媒留去後、銅箔から剥がさずそのままコイン型の大きさにくりぬいた(複合体6の膜形成ができないことから、このように工程を変更した)。
ステンレススチールを作用電極及び相対電極にして、これら電極の間に上記の銅箔と複合体膜を介在させてコイン型電池を製造した。作成した電池を複素交流インピーダンス測定装置に銅線を用いて接続し、その抵抗を測定した。測定は電池を60℃に設定した恒温槽に3時間放置し、電解質と電極を十分になじませた後に行った。イオン伝導度σ(S/cm)は次のように定義される。
σ=C/R (C=l/s)
ここでlは試料の厚さ、sはその面積、Rは抵抗を示す。
結果を表3に示す。
Claims (14)
- 電極層と、無機固体電解質層と、前記電極層と前記無機固体電解質層との間に設けられた含フッ素ポリマー層とを有し、
前記含フッ素ポリマー層は、含フッ素ポリマー及びアルカリ金属塩を含む複合体からなる
ことを特徴とする構造体。 - 前記含フッ素ポリマーは、フッ素原子以外のヘテロ原子、及び、主鎖上のフッ素原子を含む請求項1記載の構造体。
- 前記複合体は、更に、有機ヘテロ系結晶を含む請求項1又は2記載の構造体。
- 式:
-[CR1R2-CR3R4]-
(式中、R1~R4は、互いに独立に、H、F、Cl、CF3、OR11(R11は炭素数1~8の有機基)である。ただし、R1~R4の少なくとも1つはFである。)で示される構造単位(1)と、
式:
-[CR5R6-CR7R8]-
(式中、R5~R8は、互いに独立に、H、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、フッ素原子以外のヘテロ原子を含む官能基、又は、前記官能基を含む基である。ただし、R5~R8の少なくとも1つは、フッ素原子以外のヘテロ原子を含む官能基又は前記官能基を含む基である。)で示される構造単位(2)とを含み、かつ、式:-(RaO)m-(Raはパーフルオロアルキレン基、mは2以上の整数)で示される構造を含まない含フッ素ポリマー、及び、アルカリ金属塩を含むことを特徴とする複合体。 - 前記フッ素原子以外のヘテロ原子を含む官能基は、水酸基、アミド基、カーボネート基及び、エステル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である請求項4記載の複合体。
- 前記構造単位(1)は、テトラフルオロエチレン、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン、クロロトリフルオロエチレン、フッ化ビニリデン、パーフルオロ(メチルビニルエーテル)、及び、パーフルオロ(プロピルビニルエーテル)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種に基づく構造単位である請求項4又は5記載の複合体。
- 更に、有機ヘテロ系結晶を含む請求項4~7のいずれかに記載の複合体。
- 前記有機ヘテロ系結晶は、ヘテロ原子と炭素原子とを含む、柔粘性結晶又は分子結晶である請求項8記載の複合体。
- 電解質に用いられる請求項4~9のいずれかに記載の複合体。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の構造体、又は、請求項4~10のいずれかに記載の複合体を備える電池。
- 全固体電池である請求項11記載の電池。
- 式:
-[CR1R2-CR3R4]-
(式中、R1~R4は、互いに独立に、H、F、Cl、CF3、OR11(R11は炭素数1~8の有機基)である。ただし、R1~R4の少なくとも1つはFである。)で示される構造単位(1)と、
式:
-[CR5R6-CR7R8]-
(式中、R5~R8は、互いに独立に、H、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、フッ素原子以外のヘテロ原子を含む官能基、又は、前記官能基を含む基である。ただし、R5~R8の少なくとも1つは、フッ素原子以外のヘテロ原子を含む官能基又は前記官能基を含む基である。)で示される構造単位(2)とを含み、かつ、式:-(RaO)m-(Raはパーフルオロアルキレン基、mは2以上の整数)で示される構造を含まない含フッ素ポリマー、アルカリ金属塩、及び、溶媒を混合することにより混合物を得る工程(1)と、
前記混合物から前記溶媒を除去することにより、前記含フッ素ポリマー及び前記アルカリ金属塩を含む複合体を得る工程(2)と
を含むことを特徴とする複合体の製造方法。 - 更に、工程(1)で得られた前記混合物を対象物に塗布する工程(3)を含む請求項13記載の製造方法。
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US20210359296A1 (en) | 2021-11-18 |
KR20210110698A (ko) | 2021-09-08 |
TWI787578B (zh) | 2022-12-21 |
TW202046549A (zh) | 2020-12-16 |
KR102647148B1 (ko) | 2024-03-14 |
EP3910713A4 (en) | 2022-11-23 |
JP7252479B2 (ja) | 2023-04-05 |
JPWO2020158633A1 (ja) | 2021-11-18 |
EP3910713A1 (en) | 2021-11-17 |
CN113366683A (zh) | 2021-09-07 |
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