JP2020517055A - 封入されたカソード活物質粒子、それを含有するリチウム二次バッテリー及び製造方法 - Google Patents
封入されたカソード活物質粒子、それを含有するリチウム二次バッテリー及び製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020517055A JP2020517055A JP2019555191A JP2019555191A JP2020517055A JP 2020517055 A JP2020517055 A JP 2020517055A JP 2019555191 A JP2019555191 A JP 2019555191A JP 2019555191 A JP2019555191 A JP 2019555191A JP 2020517055 A JP2020517055 A JP 2020517055A
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- polymer
- active material
- particles
- poly
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 166
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 203
- -1 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 112
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-benzoquinone Natural products O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OXQYGVSMUGQPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-1,4-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=C(O)C=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2N OXQYGVSMUGQPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 206010010144 Completed suicide Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910015868 MSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- MDCIYXHEPARHMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5,6,7,8,30-hexazaheptacyclo[20.8.0.02,11.04,9.012,21.014,19.024,29]triaconta-1(30),2,4(9),5,7,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28-pentadecaene Chemical group N1=NN=C2C=C3C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C3=NC2=N1 MDCIYXHEPARHMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910013275 LiMPO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002127 nanobelt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- CLYVDMAATCIVBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pigment red 224 Chemical compound C=12C3=CC=C(C(OC4=O)=O)C2=C4C=CC=1C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C4=CC=C3C1=C42 CLYVDMAATCIVBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- NLDYACGHTUPAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoethylene Chemical group N#CC(C#N)=C(C#N)C#N NLDYACGHTUPAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoquinodimethane Chemical compound N#CC(C#N)=C1C=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1 PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012696 Interfacial polycondensation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910018091 Li 2 S Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910013075 LiBF Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical group [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002074 nanoribbon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- YZOGOBWHTVNKGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentacene-5,7,12,14-tetrone Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C1=C2 YZOGOBWHTVNKGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCC RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CRWNQZTZTZWPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-4-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=NC(C)=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 CRWNQZTZTZWPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021593 Copper(I) fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910016509 CuF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910015475 FeF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910008449 SnF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005566 bicyclic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BGSFCOHRQUBESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl prop-2-enyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC=C BGSFCOHRQUBESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000414 polyfuran Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000326 transition metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- UDTSPKADQGPZFS-SOFGYWHQSA-N (5e)-5-benzylideneimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC(=O)\C1=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 UDTSPKADQGPZFS-SOFGYWHQSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940005561 1,4-benzoquinone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- DXCZBBFNFURETH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dipropylpiperazine-2,3,5,6-tetrone Chemical compound CCCN1C(=O)C(=O)N(CCC)C(=O)C1=O DXCZBBFNFURETH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UDTSPKADQGPZFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1/7/3775 Natural products N1C(=O)NC(=O)C1=CC1=CC=CC=C1 UDTSPKADQGPZFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YTDHEFNWWHSXSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroaniline Chemical compound NC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl YTDHEFNWWHSXSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TXROZCSFVVIBFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexamethoxytriphenylene Chemical group C12=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C2C2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C2C2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 TXROZCSFVVIBFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KMHSUNDEGHRBNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClC1=NC=C(C#N)C(Cl)=N1 KMHSUNDEGHRBNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YFCSASDLEBELEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5,6,9,10-hexazatetracyclo[12.4.0.02,7.08,13]octadeca-1(18),2(7),3,5,8(13),9,11,14,16-nonaene-11,12,15,16,17,18-hexacarbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=C(C#N)C(C#N)=C2C3=C(C#N)C(C#N)=NN=C3C3=NN=NN=C3C2=C1C#N YFCSASDLEBELEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910011157 LiMBO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910015118 LiMO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PMOWGTZPOVDCDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N NC1=C2C(C3=C(CCC(=C3C(C2=CC=C1)=O)O)O)=O Chemical compound NC1=C2C(C3=C(CCC(=C3C(C2=CC=C1)=O)O)O)=O PMOWGTZPOVDCDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MSAGRFJHKIDOCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].N1C(=O)C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C12 Chemical compound [Li].N1C(=O)C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C12 MSAGRFJHKIDOCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FMLZGWFPVTXRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[C]=O Chemical group [Li].[C]=O FMLZGWFPVTXRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- WDEQGLDWZMIMJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl 4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound OCC1CC(O)CN1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WDEQGLDWZMIMJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MPMSMUBQXQALQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Co+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 MPMSMUBQXQALQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2017年4月10日に出願された米国特許出願第15/483342号(その内容を参照によって本願明細書に組み入れる)に対する優先権を主張する。
(1)最も一般に使用されるカソード活物質(例えば、リチウム遷移金属酸化物)は、バッテリー内部での望ましくない化学反応(例えば、電解質の分解)を促進する可能性のある強力な触媒である遷移金属(例えば、Fe、Mn、Co、Niなど)を含有する。これらのカソード活物質は、熱暴走の進行を補助し、そして爆発の危険又は火炎危険を増加させる電解質酸化のための酸素を供給する可能性のある高い酸素含有量も有する。これは電気自動車の広範囲にわたる実行を妨げる重大な問題である。
(2)有望な有機、又はポリマーカソード活物質の多くは、一般に使用される電解質中に可溶性であるか、又はこれらの電解質と反応性である。電解質中での活物質の溶解は、活物質の継続的損失をもたらす。活物質と電解質との間の望ましくない反応によって、バッテリーセル中での電解質及び活物質の段階的な減少が導かれる。バッテリーのこれら全ての現象によって、容量損失及び短いサイクル寿命が導かれる。
(3)現在のカソード材料(例えば、リン酸リチウム鉄及びリチウム遷移金属酸化物)によって達成可能な実際的な容量は、150〜250mAh/gの範囲に制限され、そして多くの場合、200mAh/g未満である。加えて、新出現の高容量カソード活物質(例えば、FeF3)は、まだ長いバッテリーサイクル寿命をもたらすことができない。
(a)3つの不混和性化学相の形成:ビヒクル相、コア材料相及び封入材料相を製造する液体。コア材料は、封入用ポリマー(又はそのモノマー又はオリゴマー)の溶液中に分散される。液体状態において不混和性ポリマーである、封入材料相は、(i)ポリマー溶液中の温度を変化させること、(ii)塩の添加、(iii)非溶媒の添加、又は(iv)ポリマー溶液中に非相溶ポリマーを添加することによって形成される。
(b)封入シェル材料の堆積:封入用ポリマー溶液中に分散されているコア材料、コア粒子の周りにコートされた封入用ポリマー材料、及びコア材料とビヒクル相との間に形成された境界面において吸収されたポリマーによってコア粒子の周りを囲む液体ポリマーの堆積;並びに
(c)封入シェル材料の固化:ビヒクル相において不混和性であり熱的、架橋、又は溶解技術によって剛性にされるシェル材料。
カソード活物質層は、それぞれ、V2O5粒子及びグラフェン包含V2O5粒子から調製した。V2O5粒子は商業的に入手可能であった。グラフェン包含V2O5粒子は企業内で調製した。典型的な実験において、LiCl水溶液中でのV2O5の混合によって五酸化バナジウムゲルが得られた。LiCl溶液による相互作用によって得られたLi+交換ゲル(Li:Vモル比は1:1に保持された)をGO懸濁液と混合し、次いでTeflonラインステンレス鋼35mlオートクレーブ中に配置し、密封し、そして12時間、180℃まで加熱した。そのような水熱処理後、緑色の固体を回収し、これを徹底的に洗浄し、2分間超音波処理し、そして70℃で12時間乾燥後、別の水中0.1%GOと混合し、超音波処理してナノベルトサイズまで分解し、次いで、200℃において噴霧乾燥させ、グラフェン包含V2O5複合物粒状物を得た。
LFP粒子の封入のための高弾性ポリマーは、超高分子量ポリアクリロニトリル(UHMW PAN)をベースとするものであった。UHMW PAN(0.3g)を5mlのジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)中に溶解し、溶液を形成した。次いで、LFP粒子を溶液中に分散し、スラリーを形成した。次いで、スラリーに別々にマイクロ封入手順を受けさせて、全外部表面がポリマーの包含層によってコーティングされたアノード活物質粒子を作成した。
FeF3ナノ粒子の封入のため、実施例1に記載された手順と類似の手順を使用することによって、UHMW PPOポリマーを包含ポリマーシェルとして導入した。CoF3、MnF3、FeF3、VF3、VOF3、TiF3及びBiF3の商業的に入手可能な粉末に高強度ボールミル粉砕を受けさせ、粒径を約0.5〜2.3μmまで低下させた。次いで、これらの金属フッ化物粒子のそれぞれのタイプを、(導電性添加剤としての)グラフェンシートと一緒にUHMW PPO−溶媒液状懸濁液中に添加し、複数成分スラリーを形成した。次いで、スラリーを噴霧乾燥させ、単離されたポリマー封入粒子を形成した。
ミル粉砕チャンバー中で30分間、FePc及びRGOの混合物をボールミル粉砕することによって、組み合わせたFePcの粒子/グラフェンシートが得られた。得られたFePc/RGO混合物粒子は、ポテト様形状であった。パンコーティング手順を使用して、これらの混合物粒子のいくつかを高弾性UHMW PANポリマーによって封入した。それぞれ、Li箔アノード、多孔性分離体及びFePc/RGO粒子(封入又は未封入)のカソード層を含有する2つのリチウムセルを調製した。
多種多様なリチウムイオン導電性添加剤をいくつかの異なったポリマー母材材料に添加して、コアアノード活物質の粒子を保護するための封入シェル材料を調製した。得られたポリマー/塩複合体材料のリチウムイオン導電率値を以下の表1に要約する。これらのポリマー複合材料は、室温におけるそれらのリチウムイオン導電率が10−6S/cm以上ならば適した封入シェル材料であることを我々は発見した。これらの材料を使用して、リチウムイオンは、1μm以下の厚さを有する封入シェル中にそして中から容易に拡散することができるように思われる。より厚いシェル(例えば10μm)については、10−4S/cm以上の室温におけるリチウムイオン導電率が必要とされるであろう。
リチウムイオンバッテリー産業において、必要とされる電気化学的形成の後に測定される初期容量に基づいた容量の20%減衰をバッテリーが受ける充電−放電サイクルの数としてバッテリーのサイクル寿命を定義するのが慣例である。以下の表2に記載されるのは、本発明の結合剤材料によって結合したアノード活物質粒子を含む電極を特徴とする広範なバッテリーのサイクル寿命データである。
Claims (53)
- リチウムバッテリーのためのカソード活物質の粒状物において、前記粒状物が、5%以上の回復可能な引張歪み、室温において10−6S/cm以上のリチウムイオン導電率及び0.5nm〜10μmの厚さを有する高弾性ポリマーの薄層によって包含されているか、又は封入されているカソード活物質粒子の1つ又は複数を含んでなり、前記ポリマーが、0.5×106〜9×106グラム/モルの分子量を有する超高分子量ポリマーを含有し、且つ前記リチウムバッテリーが、金属−エア及び金属−硫黄バッテリーを除いて、リチウムイオンバッテリー又はリチウム金属バッテリーから選択されることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項1に記載の粒状物において、前記超高分子量ポリマーが、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリプロピレンオキシド、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリ(メチルメタクリレート)、ポリ(メチルエーテルアクリレート)、そのコポリマー、そのスルホン化誘導体、その化学的誘導体、及びその組合せから選択されることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項1に記載の粒状物において、前記超高分子量ポリマーが、0.5×106〜5×106グラム/モル未満の分子量を有することを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項1に記載の粒状物において、前記超高分子量ポリマーが、1×106〜3×106グラム/モル未満の分子量を有することを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項1に記載の粒状物において、前記超高分子量ポリマーが、前記超高分子量ポリマーの連鎖間に分散されたリチウム塩及び/又は液体溶媒を含有することを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項1に記載の粒状物において、前記超高分子量ポリマーが、その中に分散された電気導電性材料を含有することを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項6に記載の粒状物において、前記電気導電性材料が、電子導電性ポリマー、金属粒子若しくはワイヤー、グラフェンシート、カーボン繊維、黒鉛繊維、カーボンナノ繊維、黒鉛ナノ繊維、カーボンナノチューブ、黒鉛粒子、膨張黒鉛フレーク、アセチレンブラック粒子、及びその組合せから選択されることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項7に記載の粒状物において、前記電気導電性材料が100nm未満の厚さ又は直径を有することを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項5に記載の粒状物において、前記液体溶媒が、1,3−ジオキソラン(DOL)、1,2−ジメトキシエタン(DME)、テトラエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル(TEGDME)、ポリ(エチレングリコール)ジメチルエーテル(PEGDME)、ジエチレングリコールジブチルエーテル(DEGDBE)、2−エトキシエチルエーテル(EEE)、スルホン、スルホラン、炭酸エチレン(EC)、炭酸プロピレン(PC)、炭酸ジメチル(DMC)、炭酸メチルエチル(MEC)、炭酸ジエチル(DEC)、プロピオン酸エチル、プロピオン酸メチル、ガンマ−ブチロラクトン(γ−BL)、アセトニトリル(AN)、酢酸エチル(EA)、ギ酸プロピル(PF)、ギ酸メチル(MF)、トルエン、キシレン、酢酸メチル(MA)、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)、アリルエチルカーボネート(AEC)、ヒドロフルオロエーテル、イオン液体溶媒、及びその組合せから選択されることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項5に記載の粒状物において、前記リチウム塩が、過塩素酸リチウム、LiClO4、ヘキサフルオロリン酸リチウム、LiPF6、ホウフッ化リチウム、LiBF4、ヘキサフルオロヒ化リチウム、LiAsF6、トリフルオロメタスルホン酸リチウム、LiCF3SO3、ビス−トリフルオロメチルスルホニルイミドリチウム、LiN(CF3SO2)2、ビス(オキサラト)ホウ酸リチウム、LiBOB、オキサリルジフルオロホウ酸リチウム、LiBF2C2O4、硝酸リチウム、LiNO3、Li−フルオロアルキル−リン酸塩、LiPF3(CF2CF3)3、リチウムビスペルフルオロ−エチスルホニルイミド、LiBETI、リチウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド、リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド、リチウムトリフルオロメタンスルホンイミド、LiTFSI、イオン性液体ベースのリチウム塩、又はそれらの組合せから選択されることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項1に記載の粒状物において、前記高弾性ポリマーの薄層が、1nm〜1μmの厚さを有することを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項1に記載の粒状物において、前記高弾性ポリマーの薄層が、100nm未満の厚さを有することを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項1に記載の粒状物において、前記高弾性ポリマーの薄層が、10nm未満の厚さを有することを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項1に記載の粒状物において、前記高弾性ポリマーが、1×10−4S/cm〜10−2S/cmのリチウムイオン導電率を有することを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項1に記載の粒状物において、前記カソード活物質が、無機材料、有機材料、ポリマー材料又はその組合せから選択され、且つ前記無機材料が、硫黄又はアルカリ金属ポリスルフィドを含まないことを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項15に記載の粒状物において、前記無機材料が、金属酸化物、金属リン酸塩、金属ケイ化物、金属セレン化物、遷移金属硫化物及びその組合せから選択されることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項15に記載の粒状物において、前記無機材料が、酸化リチウムコバルト、酸化リチウムニッケル、酸化リチウムマンガン、酸化リチウムバナジウム、リチウム−混合金属酸化物、リン酸リチウム鉄、リン酸リチウムマンガン、リン酸リチウムバナジウム、リチウム−混合金属リン酸塩、リチウム金属ケイ化物及びその組合せから選択されることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項15に記載の粒状物において、前記無機材料が、CoF3、MnF3、FeF3、VF3、VOF3、TiF3、BiF3、NiF2、FeF2、CuF2、CuF、SnF2、AgF、CuCl2、FeCl3、MnCl2及びその組合せからなる群を含む金属フッ化物又は金属塩化物から選択されることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項15に記載の粒状物において、前記無機材料が、M及びMaが、Fe、Mn、Co、Ni、V及びVOから選択され、Mbが、Fe、Mn、Co、Ni、V、Ti、Al、B、Sn及びBiから選択され;且つx+y≦1である、Li2MSiO4又はLi2MaxMbySiO4として示されるリチウム遷移金属ケイ酸塩から選択されることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項15に記載の粒状物において、前記無機材料が、遷移金属ジカルコゲン化物、遷移金属トリカルコゲン化物又はその組合せから選択されることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項15に記載の粒状物において、前記無機材料が、TiS2、TaS2、MoS2、NbSe3、MnO2、CoO2、酸化鉄、酸化バナジウム又はその組合せから選択されることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項16に記載の粒状物において、前記金属酸化物が、VO2、LixVO2、V2O5、LixV2O5、V3O8、LixV3O8、LixV3O7、V4O9、LixV4O9、V6O13、LixV6O13(式中、0.1<x<5)、それらのドープされた変種、それらの誘導体及びその組合せからなる群から選択される酸化バナジウムを含有することを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項16に記載の粒状物において、前記金属酸化物又は金属リン酸塩が、層状化合物LiMO2、スピネル化合物LiM2O4、カンラン石(olivine)化合物LiMPO4、ケイ酸塩化合物Li2MSiO4、タボライト(Tavorite)化合物LiMPO4F、ホウ酸塩化合物LiMBO3又はその組合せ(式中、Mは遷移金属又は複数の遷移金属の混合物である)から選択されることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項16に記載の粒状物において、前記無機材料が、(a)セレン化ビスマス又はテルル化ビスマス、(b)遷移金属ジカルコゲン化物又はトリカルコゲン化物、(c)ニオブ、ジルコニウム、モリブデン、ハフニウム、タンタル、タングステン、チタン、コバルト、マンガン、鉄、ニッケル又は遷移金属の硫化物、セレン化物又はテルル化物;(d)窒化ホウ素、或いは(e)その組合せから選択されることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項15に記載の粒状物において、前記有機材料又はポリマー材料が、ポリ(硫化アントラキノニル)(PAQS)、リチウムオキソ炭素、3,4,9,10−ペリレンテトラカルボン酸二無水物(PTCDA)、ポリ(硫化アントラキノニル)、ピレン−4,5,9,10−テトラオン(PYT)、ポリマー結合PYT、キノ(トリアゼン)、酸化還元活性有機材料、テトラシアノキノジメタン(TCNQ)、テトラシアノエチレン(TCNE)、2,3,6,7,10,11−ヘキサメトキシトリフェニレン(HMTP)、ポリ(5−アミノ−1,4−ジヒドロキシアントラキノン)(PADAQ)、二硫化ホスファゼンポリマー([(NPS2)3]n)、リチウム化1,4,5,8−ナフタレンテトラオールホルムアルデヒドポリマー、ヘキサアザトリナフチレン(HATN)、ヘキサアザトリフェニレンヘキサカルボニトリル(HAT(CN)6)、5−ベンジリデンヒダントイン、イサチンリチウム塩、ピロメリット酸ジイミドリチウム塩、テトラヒドロキシ−p−ベンゾキノン誘導体(THQLi4)、N,N’−ジフェニル−2,3,5,6−テトラケトピペラジン(PHP)、N,N’−ジアリル−2,3,5,6−テトラケトピペラジン(AP)、N,N’−ジプロピル−2,3,5,6−テトラケトピペラジン(PRP)、チオエーテルポリマー、キノン化合物、1,4−ベンゾキノン、5,7,12,14−ペンタセンテトロン(PT)、5−アミノ−2,3−ジヒドロ−1,4−ジヒドロキシアントラキノン(ADDAQ)、5−アミノ−1,4−ジヒドロキシアントラキノン(ADAQ)、カリックスキノン、Li4C6O6、Li2C6O6、Li6C6O6又はその組合せから選択されることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項25に記載の粒状物において、前記チオエーテルポリマーが、ポリ[メタンテトリル−テトラ(チオメチレン)](PMTTM)、ポリ(2,4−ジチオペンタニレン)(PDTP)、主鎖チオエーテルポリマーとしてポリ(エテン−1,1,2,2−テトラチオール)(PETT)を含有するポリマー、共役芳香族部分からなる主鎖を有し、且つペンダントとしてチオエーテル側鎖を有する側鎖チオエーテルポリマー、ポリ(2−フェニル−1,3−ジチオラン)(PPDT)、ポリ(1,4−ジ(1,3−ジチオラン−2−イル)ベンゼン)(PDDTB)、ポリ(テトラヒドロベンゾジチオフェン)(PTHBDT)、ポリ[1,2,4,5−テトラキス(プロピルチオ)ベンゼン](PTKPTB)又はポリ[3,4(エチレンジチオ)チオフェン](PEDTT)から選択されることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項15に記載の粒状物において、前記有機材料が、銅フタロシアニン、亜鉛フタロシアニン、スズフタロシアニン、鉄フタロシアニン、鉛フタロシアニン、ニッケルフタロシアニン、バナジルフタロシアニン、フルオロクロムフタロシアニン、マグネシウムフタロシアニン、マンガンフタロシアニン、ジリチウムフタロシアニン、アルミニウムフタロシアニンクロリド、カドミウムフタロシアニン、クロロガリウムフタロシアニン、コバルトフタロシアニン、銀フタロシアニン、無金属フタロシアニン、その化学誘導体又はその組合せから選択されるフタロシアニン化合物を含有することを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項1に記載の粒状物において、前記カソード活物質が、0.5nm〜100nmの厚さ又は直径を有するナノ粒子、ナノワイヤー、ナノ繊維、ナノチューブ、ナノシート、ナノベルト、ナノリボン、ナノディスク、ナノプレートリット、又はナノホーンの形態であることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項1に記載の粒状物において、前記粒子の1つ又は複数が、炭素又はグラフェンの層によってコーティングされることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項1に記載の粒状物において、前記導電性添加剤が、黒鉛、グラフェン又は炭素、或いはその組合せから選択されることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項30に記載の粒状物において、前記黒鉛又は炭素材料が、ポリマー炭素、非晶質炭素、化学蒸着炭素、コールタールピッチ、石油ピッチ、メソフェーズピッチ、カーボンブラック、コークス、アセチレンブラック、活性炭、100nm未満の寸法を有する微細膨張黒鉛粒子、人工黒鉛粒子、天然黒鉛粒子、又はそれらの組合せから選択されることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項28に記載の粒状物において、前記ナノ粒子、ナノワイヤー、ナノ繊維、ナノチューブ、ナノシート、ナノベルト、ナノリボン、ナノディスク、ナノプレートリット、又はナノホーンが、カーボン材料、グラフェン、電子導電性ポリマー、導電性金属酸化物、又は導電性金属コーティングから選択される導電性保護コーティングでコートされるか、又は包含されることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項1に記載の粒状物において、前記高弾性ポリマーが、その中に分散された添加剤又は充填剤を有さないニートポリマーであることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項1に記載の粒状物において、前記超高分子量ポリマーが、その中に分散されたリチウムイオン導電性添加剤0.1重量%〜50重量%を含有するか、或いは0.1重量%〜10重量%のカーボンナノチューブ、カーボンナノ繊維、グラフェン又はそれらの組合せから選択される強化材ナノフィラメントを含有することを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項1に記載の粒状物において、前記超高分子量ポリマーがリチウムイオン導電性添加剤と混合されて、複合物が形成され、前記リチウムイオン導電性添加剤が、前記高弾性ポリマー中に分散され、且つLi2CO3、Li2O、Li2C2O4、LiOH、LiX、ROCO2Li、HCOLi、ROLi、(ROCO2Li)2、(CH2OCO2Li)2、Li2S、LixSOy又はそれらの組合せ(式中、X=F、Cl、I又はBr、R=炭化水素基、x=0〜1、y=1〜4である)から選択されることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項1に記載の粒状物において、前記超高分子量ポリマーが、ポリアニリン、ポリピロール、ポリチオフェン、ポリフラン、二環式ポリマー、そのスルホン化誘導体又はその組合せから選択される電子導電性ポリマーと混合されて、ブレンド、コポリマー又は半相互侵入ネットワークが形成されることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項1に記載の粒状物において、前記超高分子量ポリマーが、ポリ(エチレンオキシド)(PEO)、ポリプロピレンオキシド(PPO)、ポリ(アクリロニトリル)(PAN)、ポリ(メチルメタクリレート)(PMMA)、ポリ(ビニリデンフルオリド)(PVdF)、ポリビス−メトキシエトキシエトキシド−ホスファゼンエクス(phosphazenex)、ポリビニルクロリド、ポリジメチルシロキサン、ポリ(ビニリデンフルオリド)−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(PVDF−HFP)、それらのスルホン化誘導体、又はそれらの組合せから選択されるリチウムイオン導電性ポリマーとの混合物、ブレンド、コポリマー又は半相互侵入ネットワークが形成されることを特徴とする粒状物。
- 請求項1に記載の複数の粒状物と、任意選択的な導電性添加剤と、前記複数の粒状物を一緒に結合する任意選択的な結合剤とを含有することを特徴とするカソード活物質層。
- 任意選択的なアノード集電体と、アノード活物質層と、請求項38に記載のカソード活物質層と、任意選択的なカソード集電体と、前記アノード活物質層及び前記カソード活物質層とイオン接触する電解質と、任意選択的な多孔性分離体とを含有することを特徴とするリチウムバッテリー。
- 請求項39に記載のリチウムバッテリーにおいて、リチウムイオンバッテリー又はリチウム金属バッテリーであることを特徴とするリチウムバッテリー。
- リチウムバッテリーの製造方法において、
(a)カソード活物質層及び前記カソード活物質層を支持するための任意選択的なカソード集電体を提供することと;
(b)アノード活物質層及び前記アノード活物質層を支持するための任意選択的なアノード集電体を提供することと;
(c)前記アノード活物質層及び前記カソード活物質層と接触する電解質並びに前記アノード及び前記カソードを電気的に分離する任意選択的な分離体を提供することと
を含んでなり、前記カソード活物質層を提供する操作が、カソード活物質の複数の粒状物を提供することを含み、少なくとも1つの前記粒状物は、2%〜200%の回復可能な引張歪み、室温において10−6S/cm以上のリチウムイオン導電率及び0.5nm〜10μmの厚さを有する高弾性ポリマーの薄層によって完全に包含されているか、又は封入されているカソード活物質粒子の1つ又は複数から構成され、且つ前記高弾性ポリマーが、0.5×106〜9×106グラム/モルの分子量を有する超高分子量ポリマーを含有することを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項41に記載の方法において、前記高弾性ポリマーが、1nm〜100nmの厚さを有することを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項41に記載の方法において、前記高弾性ポリマーが、1×10−5S/cm〜2×10−2S/cmのリチウムイオン導電率を有することを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項41に記載の方法において、前記高弾性ポリマーが、5〜100%の回復可能な引張歪みを有することを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項41に記載の方法において、前記超高分子量ポリマーが、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリプロピレンオキシド、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリ(メチルメタクリレート)、ポリ(メチルエーテルアクリレート)、そのコポリマー、そのスルホン化誘導体、その化学的誘導体、又はその組合せから選択されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項41に記載の方法において、前記超高分子量ポリマーが、エラストマー、電子導電性ポリマー、リチウムイオン導電性材料、強化材、又はその組合せとの混合物を形成することを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項46に記載の方法において、前記リチウムイオン導電性材料が、前記高弾性ポリマー中に分散され、且つLi2CO3、Li2O、Li2C2O4、LiOH、LiX、ROCO2Li、HCOLi、ROLi、(ROCO2Li)2、(CH2OCO2Li)2、Li2S、LixSOy又はそれらの組合せ(式中、X=F、Cl、I又はBr、R=炭化水素基、x=0〜1、y=1〜4である)から選択されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項46に記載の方法において、前記リチウムイオン導電性材料が、前記高弾性ポリマー中に分散され、且つ過塩素酸リチウム、LiClO4、ヘキサフルオロリン酸リチウム、LiPF6、ホウフッ化リチウム、LiBF4、ヘキサフルオロヒ化リチウム、LiAsF6、トリフルオロメタスルホン酸リチウム、LiCF3SO3、ビス−トリフルオロメチルスルホニルイミドリチウム、LiN(CF3SO2)2、ビス(オキサラト)ホウ酸リチウム、LiBOB、オキサリルジフルオロホウ酸リチウム、LiBF2C2O4、硝酸リチウム、LiNO3、Li−フルオロアルキル−リン酸塩、LiPF3(CF2CF3)3、リチウムビスペルフルオロ−エチスルホニルイミド、LiBETI、リチウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド、リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド、リチウムトリフルオロメタンスルホンイミド、LiTFSI、イオン性液体ベースのリチウム塩、又はそれらの組合せから選択されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項41に記載の方法において、前記複数の粒状物を提供することが、パンコーティング、エアサスペンション、遠心押出成形、振動ノズル、噴霧乾燥、超音波噴霧、コアセルベーション−相分離、界面重縮合、現場重合、マトリックス重合又はその組合せから選択される手順を使用して、前記高弾性ポリマーの薄層によって前記カソード活物質粒子の1つ又は複数を包含するか、又は封入することを含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項41に記載の方法において、前記カソード活物質が、無機材料、有機材料、ポリマー材料、又はその組合せから選択され、且つ前記無機材料が、硫黄又はアルカリ金属多硫化物を含まないことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項41に記載の方法において、前記カソード活物質粒子の1つ又は複数が、炭素又はグラフェンの層によってコーティングされることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項41に記載の方法において、前記カソード活物質粒子の1つ又は複数が、炭素、グラフェン又は黒鉛材料と混合されて混合物が形成され、且つ前記混合物が、グラフェンシートの1つ又は複数によって包含されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項41に記載の方法において、前記カソード活物質粒子の1つ又は複数が、炭素材料、黒鉛材料及び/又はグラフェンシートと混合され、外部グラフェンシートによって包含された混合物を形成して、グラフェン包含カソード活物質粒子が形成され、これが、次いで、高弾性ポリマーによって封入されることを特徴とする方法。
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