JP2013528043A - 電気自動車での無線電力送信 - Google Patents
電気自動車での無線電力送信 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013528043A JP2013528043A JP2013504008A JP2013504008A JP2013528043A JP 2013528043 A JP2013528043 A JP 2013528043A JP 2013504008 A JP2013504008 A JP 2013504008A JP 2013504008 A JP2013504008 A JP 2013504008A JP 2013528043 A JP2013528043 A JP 2013528043A
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- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
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- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本願は、下記に対して米国特許法第119条(e)に基づく優先権の主張をする。
2010年4月8日に出願され、表題が“WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES BACKGROUND”である米国仮特許出願第61/322,196号。米国仮特許出願第61/322,196号の内容は、参照によって本明細書中に全文が組み込まれる。
2010年4月8日に出願され、表題が“WIRELESS POWER ANTENNA ALIGNMENT ADJUSTMENT SYSTEM FOR VEHICLES”である米国仮特許出願第61/322,214号。米国仮特許出願第61/322,214号の内容は、参照によって本明細書中に全文が組み込まれる。
2010年4月8日に出願され、表題が“VEHICLE GUIDANCE SYSTEM FOR WIRELESS POWER BACKGROUND”である米国仮特許出願第61/322,221号。米国仮特許出願第61/322,221号の内容は、参照によって本明細書中に全文が組み込まれる。
本願は、下記出願にも関連があり、下記出願は、本願の出願人に特許を受ける権利が譲渡されており、本願と同じ日に出願されており、下記出願の開示内容は参照により本明細書中に全文が組み込まれる。
2011年4月8日に出願され、表題が“WIRELESS POWER ANTENNA ALIGNMENT ADJUSTMENT SYSTEM FOR VEHICLES”である米国特許出願(代理人整理番号101329)。この米国特許出願の開示内容は、参照により本明細書中に全文が組み込まれる。
・利便性:充電は、事実上ドライバーが介入したり操作したりすることなく、自動的に行うことができる
・信頼性:電気的な接触面が露出したり、機械的な摩耗が生じたりすることがない。
・安全性:ケーブルやコネクタを取り扱う必要がなく、戸外の環境で湿気や水に晒されうるケーブル、プラグまたはソケットもない。
・破壊行為防止:目に見える、または、アクセスすることができるソケット、ケーブル、プラグがない。
・有用性:BEVを、送電網を安定させるための分散型蓄電装置として使用する場合。有用性は、ビーグルツーグリッド(V2G)性能を可能にする便利なドッキングツーグリッド・対応策(docking-to-grid solution)で向上できる。
・美観、及び邪魔にならない点:車および/または歩行者にとって邪魔になるカラムロード(column load)およびケーブルがない。
Q1=Q2=Q、RS=Rr=R'に対して
図25A〜25Gは、BEVのための無線電力システムの簡略化したブロック図であり、図24の可変電力制御ブロックのさまざまな典型的な実施形態を示している。図25Aでは、追加のDC/DCコンバーター442(本明細書では、DC-DCコンバーターともいう)が、AC/DCコンバーター444(本明細書ではAC-DCコンバーターともいう)と、DC/LFコンバーター446(本明細書ではDC-LFコンバーターともいう)の間に置かれている。限定はしないが、例として、このDC/DCコンバーター442は、DC/LFコンバーター446の中間DC電源の電圧レベルを修正する降圧形コンバーターまたは昇圧形コンバーターであってもよい。さらに示されているのは、DC/LFコンバーター446がデューティサイクル50%で駆動されていて、図23に関連して先に説明したように、ゼロ電流スイッチングを保証していることである。
252 EVシステム
254 バッテリーサブシステム
256 通信インターフェイス
258 無線電力インターフェイス
260 無線電力アンテナ
262 無線インターフェイス
264 電力変換(LF/DC)ユニット
266 EVバッテリー
270 無線電力インターフェイス
272 バッテリー管理ユニット
276 アンテナ
278 LF/DC電力変換ユニット
280 スーパーキャパシタバッファー
282 EV電源インターフェイス
284 EV電気システム制御ユニット
Claims (30)
- 送信モードに構成されているときに、電力入力信号を、無線電力動作周波数で交流(AC)電力出力信号に変換し、
受信モードに構成されているときに、前記無線電力動作周波数で受信電力AC信号を直流(DC)電力出力信号に変換する
ように構成された双方向電力コンバーターと、
送信モードに構成されたときに、前記AC電力出力信号から、前記無線電力動作周波数で結合モード領域内に電磁近接場を発生させ、
受信モードに構成されたときに、前記動作周波数で前記結合モード領域内の前記電磁近接場から前記受信電力AC信号を発生させる
ように動作可能に構成されたアンテナと
を備える、双方向無線電力トランシーバー。 - 前記双方向電力コンバーターは、
前記電力入力信号とDC電力出力信号の間に動作可能に接続され、かつ前記DC電力出力信号のDC電圧を前記電力入力信号に対して修正することにより、送信モード時に、前記無線電力トランシーバーの電力出力信号を調整する、双方向DC-DCコンバーターと、
前記DC電力出力信号と前記AC電力出力信号の間に動作可能に接続された双方向DC/ACコンバーターと、
を備える、請求項1に記載の双方向無線電力トランシーバー。 - 前記双方向電力コンバーターは、
前記DC電力入力信号と前記AC電力出力信号の間に動作可能に接続され、かつ送信モード時に、前記無線電力トランシーバーの電力出力信号を調整するために調整可能なデューティサイクルを有するパルス幅変調回路として構成されている双方向DC/ACコンバーター
を備える、請求項1に記載の双方向無線電力トランシーバー。 - 前記双方向電力コンバーターは、前記DC電力入力信号と前記AC電力出力信号の間に動作可能に接続され、かつパルス幅変調回路として構成されている双方向DC/ACコンバーターを備え、
前記パルス幅変調回路の周波数は、送信モード時に、前記無線電力トランシーバーの前記AC電力出力信号を調整するように構成されている、請求項1に記載の双方向無線電力トランシーバー。 - 前記双方向電力コンバーターは、
前記電力入力信号と前記AC電力出力信号の間に動作可能に接続され、かつ送信モード時に、前記無線電力トランシーバーの前記AC電力出力信号を調整するために、フルブリッジモードとハーフブリッジモードとの間で切り替わるように構成されたフルブリッジインバーター/整流器を含む、双方向DC/ACコンバーターを備える、請求項1に記載の双方向無線電力トランシーバー。 - 前記双方向電力コンバーターは、
前記電力入力信号とDC電力出力信号の間に動作可能に接続され、かつ整流器/インバーターを含む双方向AC/DCコンバーターと、
準一定抵抗を前記整流器/インバーターに対して示すように構成された能動力率補正(PFC)回路と、
送信モード時に、前記DC電力出力信号を前記AC電力出力信号に変換するように構成された双方向DC/ACコンバーターと、
を備える、請求項1に記載の無線電力トランシーバー。 - 前記双方向電力コンバーターは、
前記電力入力信号と前記AC電力出力信号の間に動作可能に接続された双方向DC/ACコンバーターを備え、前記双方向DC/ACコンバーターが
バルクキャパシタンス付きの主フルブリッジインバーター/整流器と、
各々にトリマキャパシタンスがある複数のハーフブリッジインバーター/整流器とを備え、
前記複数のハーフブリッジインバーター/整流器の少なくとも1つは、送信モードの前記アンテナの共振周波数を修正するために、前記主フルブリッジインバーター/整流器と同期して切り替わるように構成される、請求項1に記載の双方向無線電力トランシーバー。 - 前記双方向電力コンバーターは、前記アンテナに動作可能に接続され、かつ受信モード時に、前記受信AC電力入力信号をDC電力出力信号に変換する双方向DC/ACコンバーターをさらに備える、請求項1に記載の双方向無線電力トランシーバー。
- パルス幅変調信号を発生させるように構成されたコントローラと、
前記双方向DC/ACコンバーターと前記DC電力出力信号の間に動作可能に接続され、かつ受信モード時に、前記双方向DC/ACコンバーターからの前記DC電力出力信号を、前記パルス幅変調信号に応じた異なる電圧レベルのDC電力出力信号に変換するように構成された、双方向DC-DCコンバーターと、
をさらに備える、請求項8に記載の双方向無線電力トランシーバー。 - 前記パルス幅変調信号は、前記DC電力出力信号における負荷の変化に適応するために、前記DC-DCコンバーターのパルス幅変調回路のデューティサイクルを調整するように構成される、請求項9に記載の双方向無線電力トランシーバー。
- 前記アンテナに動作可能に接続され、かつ受信モード時に、前記DC電力出力信号における負荷の変化に適応するために、前記アンテナの共振周波数を修正するように構成されている可変キャパシタをさらに備える、請求項8に記載の双方向無線電力トランシーバー。
- 前記双方向DC/ACコンバーターが、フルブリッジ整流器/インバーターと、ハーフブリッジ整流器/インバーターを含み、かつ受信モード時に、前記DC電力出力信号における負荷の変化に適応するために、フルブリッジ整流とハーフブリッジ整流の間で切り替えるように構成されている、請求項8に記載の双方向無線電力トランシーバー。
- 前記DC電力出力信号の電流および前記DC電力出力信号の電圧の1つまたは複数を含むDC電力出力信号状態を検出するように構成されたセンサーと、
前記DC電力出力信号を修正して、前記DC電力出力信号における負荷の変化に適応するために、前記DC電力出力信号状態をサンプリングし、フィードバック信号を前記双方向DC/ACコンバーターに供給するように構成されたコントローラと
をさらに備える、請求項8に記載の双方向無線電力トランシーバー。 - 前記双方向DC/ACコンバーターは、
バルクキャパシタンス付きのフルブリッジ整流器/インバーターと、
各々にトリマキャパシタンスがある複数のハーフブリッジ整流器/インバーターとを備え、
前記複数のハーフブリッジ整流器/インバーターの少なくとも1つが、受信モードでの前記アンテナの前記共振周波数を修正するために、前記フルブリッジ整流器/インバーターと同期して切り替わるように構成されている、請求項8に記載の双方向無線電力トランシーバー。 - 前記双方向電力コンバーターは、前記双方向DC/ACコンバーターと前記直流(DC)電力出力信号の間に接続されたスーパーキャパシタをさらに備え、
前記スーパーキャパシタは、受信モード時に、双方向無線電力トランシーバーの前記DC出力に示されるような供給源抵抗を減らすように構成されている、請求項8に記載の双方向無線電力トランシーバー。 - 前記直流(DC)電力出力信号に接続されたエネルギー蓄電装置と、
前記エネルギー蓄電装置とEV電力コンバーターの間に動作可能に接続された第2無線電力インターフェイスと、
をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の双方向無線電力トランシーバー。 - 前記AC電力出力信号は、前記電力入力信号を、前記アンテナの共振周波数の実質的にサブハーモニック周波数である動作周波数で前記AC電力出力信号に変換することにより制御される、請求項1に記載の双方向無線電力トランシーバー。
- 前記双方向電力コンバーターは、送信モードでは周波数アップコンバーターとして、受信モードでは周波数ダウンコンバーターとして構成され、
前記周波数コンバーターは、送信モードでは両サイドバンド変調器であり、受信モードでは両サイドバンド復調器である、請求項1に記載の双方向無線電力トランシーバー。 - 双方向無線電力トランシーバーの双方向電力コンバーターが送信モードに構成されているときに、電力入力信号を、無線電力動作周波数における交流(AC)電力出力信号に変換し、受信モードに構成されているときに、前記無線電力動作周波数で受信AC電力信号を直流(DC)電力出力信号に変換するステップと、
前記双方向電力コンバーターが前記送信モードに構成されているときに、前記AC電力出力信号の前記無線電力動作周波数でアンテナから結合モード領域内に電磁近接場を発生させ、受信モードのときに、前記無線電力動作周波数で前記結合モード領域内の前記電磁近接場から前記受信AC電力信号を発生させるステップと
を含む方法。 - 前記送信モード時に、前記無線電力トランシーバーの電力出力信号を調整するために、調整可能なデューティサイクルでパルス変調を行うステップをさらに含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記無線電力動作周波数を変えるために前記電力入力信号を変調するパルス幅に応じて前記無線電力動作周波数を変えて、送信モード時に、前記無線電力トランシーバーの電力出力信号を調整するステップをさらに含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記無線電力トランシーバーの電力出力信号を調整するために、送信モード時に、フルブリッジ整流とハーフブリッジ整流の間で前記電力入力信号を切り替えるステップをさらに含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 送信モード時に、前記電力入力信号をオンとオフの間で繰り返し切り替えることにより、電力出力信号を調整するステップをさらに含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 準一定の抵抗を、前記入力電力信号の周波数と同期している前記双方向電力コンバーターの整流器に与えて、前記入力電力信号を能動的に力率補正(PFC)するステップをさらに含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記DC電力出力信号での負荷の変化に適応するために、前記双方向電力コンバーターが受信モードであるときに、フルブリッジ整流とハーフブリッジ整流の間で切り替えることによって、AC-DC変換を行うステップをさらに含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記DC電力出力信号の電流および前記DC電力出力信号の電圧の1つまたは複数を含むDC電力出力信号状態を検出するステップと、
前記DC電力出力信号状態をサンプリングし、パルス幅変調信号を前記DC/ACコンバーターに供給して、前記DC電力出力信号における負荷の変化に適応するステップと、
前記DC電力出力信号の電圧が下限電圧よりも下がった場合にハーフブリッジ整流からフルブリッジ整流へ切り替え、前記DC電力出力信号の電圧が前記下限電圧よりも上がった場合に前記ハーフブリッジ整流から前記フルブリッジ整流へ切り替えることにより負荷の粗調節を行うステップと、
をさらに含む、請求項19に記載の方法。 - 前記直流(DC)出力電力信号に接続されたエネルギー蓄電装置と、EV電力コンバーターとの間で電力を無線で送信するステップをさらに含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 実質的に前記アンテナの共振周波数のサブハーモニック周波数である動作周波数を使って、前記電力入力信号を前記AC電力出力信号に変換して、前記AC電力出力信号の電力レベルを制御するステップをさらに含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 送信モードでは前記双方向電力コンバーターにおいてアップコンバートを行い、受信モードでは、前記双方向電力コンバーターにおいてダウンコンバートを行い、送信モードでは両サイドバンド変調を、受信モードでは両サイドバンド復調を使って周波数を変換する、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 双方向無線電力トランシーバーの双方向電力コンバーターが送信モードに構成されているときに、電力入力信号を、無線電力動作周波数で交流(AC)電力出力信号に変換し、受信モードに構成されているときに、前記無線電力動作周波数で受信AC電力出力信号を直流(DC)電力出力信号に変換する手段と、
前記双方向電力コンバーターが前記送信モードに構成されているときに、前記AC電力出力信号から、前記無線電力動作周波数でアンテナからの結合モード領域内に電磁近接場を発生させ、前記受信モード時に、前記無線電力動作周波数で前記結合モード領域内の前記電磁近接場から前記受信AC電力信号を発生させる手段と
を備える双方向無線電力トランシーバー。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US10493853B2 (en) | 2019-12-03 |
US20200094696A1 (en) | 2020-03-26 |
JP6140220B2 (ja) | 2017-05-31 |
US20220363146A1 (en) | 2022-11-17 |
US20170267110A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
EP2889177A1 (en) | 2015-07-01 |
CN102834291A (zh) | 2012-12-19 |
JP2015213432A (ja) | 2015-11-26 |
WO2011127449A2 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
KR20130042483A (ko) | 2013-04-26 |
TW201223060A (en) | 2012-06-01 |
EP2555945A2 (en) | 2013-02-13 |
CN104477044A (zh) | 2015-04-01 |
US9561730B2 (en) | 2017-02-07 |
US20110254377A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
CN104477044B (zh) | 2017-05-03 |
WO2011127449A3 (en) | 2012-07-12 |
KR101923741B1 (ko) | 2018-11-29 |
EP2889177B1 (en) | 2022-03-09 |
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