JP2001511049A - 生体内で分解可能な金属のインプラント - Google Patents

生体内で分解可能な金属のインプラント

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Publication number
JP2001511049A
JP2001511049A JP50644199A JP50644199A JP2001511049A JP 2001511049 A JP2001511049 A JP 2001511049A JP 50644199 A JP50644199 A JP 50644199A JP 50644199 A JP50644199 A JP 50644199A JP 2001511049 A JP2001511049 A JP 2001511049A
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medical implant
medical
implant according
implant
magnesium
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JP50644199A
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JP5352776B2 (ja
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ホイブライン,ベルント
ハウスドルフ,ゲルト
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メイヤー,ヨルク
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    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/14Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
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    • A61B17/12131Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the type of occluding device
    • A61B17/12181Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the type of occluding device formed by fluidized, gelatinous or cellular remodelable materials, e.g. embolic liquids, foams or extracellular matrices
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    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/50Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L27/58Materials at least partially resorbable by the body
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/02Inorganic materials
    • A61L31/022Metals or alloys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/12022Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Reproductive Health (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

(57)【要約】 本発明は、金属材料からなる医療用のインプラントに関する。欠点となる長時間効果は、インプラントが一時的な支持機能を満たした後に、腐食によって定められた率で分解されることによって防止される。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 生体内で分解可能な金属のインプラント 本発明は、人間または動物の体内で使用するための、金属材料からなるインプ ラントに関するものである。 この種のインプラントは、原理的にはずっと以前から知られている。初期のイ ンプラントは、たとえば骨折を固定するボルトや釘のように、整形外科的な目的 のために開発された。これらはまず、生体内条件の元で腐食する傾向にある、比 較的単純な鉄合金から形成された。腐食によって、骨の近傍で金属がイオンとし て遊離され、そのイオンによって骨組織の成長に望ましくない刺激が与えられた 。骨は、本来望ましくかつ必要であるよりも、著しく成長していた。それによっ て、健康な骨材料が損傷されていた。この理由から、金属のインプラントを原則 的にできるだけ腐食に強い材料から形成する試みがなされた。そこで現在では、 主として腐食に強い特殊鋼、タンタルおよびチタンが使用されている。これらの インプラントは、移植後異物として存在し、かつ組織によって異物として認識さ れる。これらは、2回目の手術によってしか除去できない。 さらに、金属のインプラントは脉管外科と心臓学、脉管学および放射線学の分 野で知られている。これらのインプラントは、たとえば外傷を処理するための内 腔および脉管支持部材(ステント)を含んでいる。これらの支持部材は、たとえ ば、脉管腔から始まってバルーンカテーテルを用いて(baloon expa dable)、あるいは自己伸張して(self expanding)脉管腔 を最適な内径に保持することにより、狭くなった脉管を拡幅して腔を維持するた めに用いられる。インプラントはそれ自体、罹患した 脉管が、本来の力に基づく生物学的な再生プロセスによって必要な直径を永続的 に維持できるまでの間しか、必要とされない。これは、一般に移植後約4週間で ある。 しかし、金属のインプラントが永続的に残留することは、幾つかの欠点と結び 付いている。インプラントは、異物として局部的な反応、そして場合によっては 系統的な反応ももたらす。さらに、該当する脉管セグメントの自己調整が阻止さ れる。金属の永続的な(博動性の)負荷が疲労破壊をもたらす恐れがあり、その 疲労破壊は大腔のインプラント(たとえばシールド片のような閉鎖システム)の 場合には、新たな医学的問題をもたらす場合がある。比較的小さい腔(2.5− 6mm)内の脉管支持部材は、約20%が新たな狭窄化(いわゆるIn−Ste nt−Stenose)をもたらし、それはインプラントの数が多い場合には、 累積的に付加的な医学的および経済的な負担をもたらす。幾つかの脉管部位(た とえば頭蓋外脉管、下肢動脈)においては、金属的な構造は外部からの力の作用 によって永続的に変形されて、その結果新たな脉管閉塞ないしは誘起される脉管 閉鎖をもたらす場合がある。従って各永続インプラントは、さらに、特に比較的 若い患者にとっては、残留が何十年もの間不可避であることにより、問題と結び 付く。 完全に生物学的に分解可能なインプラントは、これまでは、たとえばDE25 02884C2から、プラスチック材料からなるもののみが知られている。そこ では、整形外科的なインプラントを、生物分解可能なポリメチルメタクリレート (Polymethylmethacrylat)によってコーティングするこ とが開示されている。他のプラスチック材料は、ポリラクチドエステルおよびポ リグリコール酸エステル(Polylactid−und Polyglyco lsaeureester)を有する。さらにEP 0006544B1からは、燐酸カルシウムをベースにした生物分解可能なセラ ミック材料が知られており、それも同様に金属インプラントのコーティングに用 いられる。 さらに、WO81/02668からは、腐食に強い金属の基体と骨への接触領 域のための生物学的に分解可能な金属の中間層とを有する、整形外科用インプラ ントが知られている。この中間層は、基体と共に電気化学的なセルを形成して、 電圧を発生し、その電圧が骨の成長を促進する。同時に、たとえば銀合金から形 成することのできる、表面層が分解される。それによって、骨の成長に、必要と される間は積極的な影響がもたらされ、そして表面層の完全な分解後は電気的な 刺激が弱まるという、求められた成果がもたらされる。 これまでに知られている、ポリマーベースの生物分解可能な物質が、脉管外科 で使用される。その機械的な特性と、それに続く生物分解の間の異物反応によっ て、これらの物質は移植のための唯一の材料としては適していないということに なる。金属材料/合金は、比較的小さい質量で良好な機械的特性(弾性、変形可 能性、安定性)を有し、それは経皮処置の場合に細腔のガイドシステムにより適 用するための、重要な前提である。 従って本発明の課題は、同時に好ましい機械的な特性を有する、生物分解可能 な材料からなるインプラントを提供することである。 この課題は、請求項1の特徴を有するインプラントによって、解決される。 医療用のインプラントは、生体内で腐食によって分解可能な金属材料から形成 されているので、まず第1に金属材料の機械的な利点が存在する。さらに、材料 選択によって調節可能な時間スケールの内部における腐食的な分解が、金属的な 異物の否定的な長時間効果 が発生するのを防止する。その場合に、材料が、場合によっては7%までの割合 の炭素を有する純鉄または合金あるいは焼結金属であって、その主成分がアルカ リ金属、アルカリ土類金属、鉄、亜鉛またはアルミニウムのグループから選択さ れていると、生物学的に好ましい。現在では、主要成分としてマグネシウムまた は鉄が優先される。 材料の生物学的、機械的および化学的な特性は、副成分としてマンガン、コバ ルト、ニッケル、クロム、銅、カドミウム、鉛、錫、トリウム、ジルコニウム、 銀、金、パラジウム、白金、レニウム、珪素、カルシウム、リチウム、アルミニ ウム、亜鉛、鉄、炭素または硫黄が設けられている場合に、積極的に調節するこ とができる。全体的に現在では材料として40%までの割合のリチウムと鉄添加 物を有するマグネシウムからなる合金か、あるいはわずかな割合のアルミニウム 、マグネシウム、ニッケルおよび/または亜鉛を有する鉄合金が優れている。特 に、ほぼ同じ割合の亜鉛と鉄からなる合金または燒結金属の場合には、分解時間 の最初に良好な腐食が得られる。 さらに、好ましい分解時間は、主成分であるマグネシウムと、 ・0−40%のリチウム、0−5%の鉄と5%より低い他の金属または希土類 元素; ・2−5%のアルミニウム、0−12%のリチウムおよび1−4%の希土類元 素、特にセリウム(Cer)、ランタン(Lanthan)、ネオジム(Neo dym)および/またはプラセオジム(Praseodym); ・6−12%のリチウム、2%のアルミニウムおよび1%の希土類元素; ・0−8%のリチウム、2−4%のアルミニウムおよび1−2% の希土類元素; ・8.5−9.5%のアルミニウム、0.15−0.4%のマンガン、0.4 5−0.9%の亜鉛; ・4.5−5.3%のアルミニウム、0.28%−0.5%のマンガン、また は ・30−40%のリチウムおよび0−5%の他の金属および/または希土類元 素; を含む材料において得られる。 この種のマグネシウム合金は、たとえばAZ91D、AM50AおよびAE4 2の名称で入手可能である。 医療用のインプラントは、多数の基本変形例で形成される。脉管支持部材用に は、基体として付加的な加工を伴うパイプ形状の構造が設けられている。閉鎖シ ステム(たとえばBotallo氏管(Ductus Botalli)、先天 的および後天的な中隔欠損、靜動脈の分路接続)として、受動的および/または 能動的に展開可能なシールド形状、螺旋または複合体が好ましい。本発明は、閉 鎖部材(Okkludern)において中空空間結合、脉管または管系のための 閉鎖システムとしても使用することができる。 さらに、インプラントを、インプラントまたはトランスプラントの形式で組織 部分を一時的に固定するための固定または支持装置として設けることも効果的で ある。 材料の腐食速度を調節するために、材料の材厚を材料の組成に従って、生体内 での分解または腐食プロセスが5日から6ヶ月の間、特に2週間から8週間の間 にほぼ終了するように選択すると、効果的である。 その場合に、組織インプラントの生育後に、もはや必要とされない固定装置が 消滅することが達成される。 そして、インプラントが整形外科的なインプラントとして、歯科医療用、上腹 内の外科用、あるいは事故外科用、特に人体を処理するためのインプラントとし て形成されていると効果的であって、その場合に合金は、骨の成長が否定的また は過度に影響を受けないように選択される。本発明に基づく、釘、ボルトまたは プレートの形状の整形外科的なインプラントは、処理された骨折が治癒した後に 分解されて、2回目の手術で状況する必要がないように形成することができる。 次に、本発明の種々の実施例を示す。 例1:脉管支持部材 本発明に基づくステントは、金属のパイプ状の基体とそれに続く加工に基づい て形成される。この種のステントの機械的な構造については、たとえばEP02 21570B1から知られているが、その場合に材料は腐食に強い特殊鋼である 。 この例に基づく本発明によるステントにおいては、材料は主成分であるマグネ シウムと場合によっては副成分であるリチウム、鉄、亜鉛およびきわめて少量の ニッケルを有する合金か、あるいは主成分である鉄と副成分であるクロムとニッ ケル並びに場合によってはきわめて少量の他の融剤を有する合金である。マグネ シウム合金の百分率組成は、たとえば50−98%のマグネシウム、0−40% のリチウム、0−5%の鉄および5%より少ない他の金属の範囲にあり、鉄合金 のそれは、たとえば88−99%の鉄、0.5−7%のクロムおよび0.5−3 .5%のニッケルおよび5%より少ない他の金属の範囲にある。ステントステイ の材厚は、処理後には50mmと100mmの間になる。 実際には、本発明に基づくステントは、それ自体公知の方法でバルーンカテー テルによって、罹患して狭窄化された血管内へ挿入さ れて、そこで拡張されるか、あるいは自己伸張するステントとして解放されて、 その場合に血管を所望の直径に保持する。ステント移植なしで存続する再狭窄( 反衝)および/または拡張により誘起された組織の裂けが、効果的に処理される 。まず、2−4週間以内にステントは内膜組織によって覆われて、その支持機能 を維持する。血管は、移植されたステントの領域における自己再生プロセスによ る組織成長によって、新しい固有安定性を獲得する。脉管腔は、最適な水準に安 定化される。さらに、合金材料の選択と、選択された材厚によって、ステントは 血管の壁内で徐々に分解されて、約4−12週間後には、きわめてわずかな量で しか存在しなくなる。第2ページで説明した永続インプラントの欠点は、失われ る。 例2:閉鎖システム 本発明に基づく閉鎖システム(シールド片)は、金属の骨格から形成され、そ の骨格にプラスチックシールド片が固定されている。この種のシールド片は、た とえば合金MP35NまたはNitinolから知られている。この種の閉鎖シ ステムは、心中隔内の欠陥を閉鎖するために使用される。金属の骨格の材厚は、 500mmである。実際には、シールド片はそれ自体公知の方法で折り畳まれて 、閉鎖すべき欠陥内で解放される。3−4週間以内にシールド片が人体組織によ って覆われて、その組織成長によって新しい固有安定性を獲得する。合金材料の 選択と組織壁厚によって、金属の骨格が4週間から数ヶ月以内に分解されて、一 年後には痕跡しか存在しない。シールド片のプラスチック成分は保存され、それ は材料がフレキシブルであるので問題にならない。金属成分の分解は、公知のシ ールド片に比べて、予見できない負荷の場合、たとえば交通事故の場合にも、も はや組織壁の穿孔の危険が存在しないという利点を有する。その場合に本発明に 基づくこの利点は、まず分解によって骨 格の機械的な非安定性が生じた場合にすでに達成される。 例3:脉管を閉鎖するための螺旋(閉鎖部材(Okkluder)) 本発明に基づく螺旋(コイル)は、螺旋形状に巻かれた金属材料から形成され て、螺旋は予め屈曲される。一次巻き線の直径は、それぞれ閉鎖すべき詠管に従 って、0.1−1mmである。この種の螺旋(コイル)は、たとえばニティノー ル(Nitinol)、白金合金またはタングステン合金からなるものが知られ ている。 本発明に基づくこの実施形態においては、材料は主成分である鉄、副成分のニ ッケルおよび/またはクロムとわずかな量のマグネシウムと亜鉛を有する合金で ある。 実際には、閉鎖螺旋(コイル)は、それ自体公知の方法で、伸ばされた状態で 心臓カテーテル内へ導入されて、その心臓カテーテルを通して閉鎖すべき脉管ま で移動される。心臓カテーテルから解放されると、螺旋は再びその元の形状をと って、その内腔と、ダクロン(Dacron)または他の繊維によって強化する ことのできる、そのトロンボーゲン性(Thrombogenitaet)によ って閉鎖すべき脉管を閉鎖する。脉管のトロンボーゲン化と結合組織の成長の後 に、閉鎖機構は新しい固有安定性を獲得する。適用された螺旋は、徐々に分解さ れるので、約1年後には移植された材料は、痕跡しか存在しない。 以上説明した実施例は、マグネシウム合金によっても鉄合金によっても形成さ れる。予測される濃度における材料の毒性作用は、知られていない。 マグネシウム合金は、残りの合金成分を適切に選択することによって、生体内 で予測される分解速度をきわめて正確に選択できるという利点を有する。さらに 、マグネシウムは生理学的にきわめて良 好に融和する。鉄合金は、機械的安定性に関して好ましく、それがインプラント の可能な限り小さい材厚に現れる。従って合金材料は、それぞれ使用場合に応じ て選択することができる。
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Claims (1)

  1. 【特許請求の範囲】 1.金属材料からなる、医療用のインプラントにおいて、 材料が生体内で腐食によって分解可能であることを特徴とする医療用のインプ ラント。 2.材料が純鉄または合金であって、その合金の主成分が次のもの、すなわち : アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、鉄、亜鉛、アルミニウムを含むグループか ら選択されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の医療用のインプラント。 3.材料が、主成分としてマグネシウム、鉄または亜鉛を含むことを特徴とす る請求項1または2に記載の医療用のインプラント。 4.材料が、鉄と0.5−7%の炭素を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から3 までののいずれか1項に記載の医療用のインプラント。 5.材料が、ほぼ同じ濃度の鉄と亜鉛を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から4 までのいずれか1項に記載の医療用のインプラント。 6.材料が、副成分として、次のもの、すなわち: Mn、Co、Ni、Cr、Cu、Cd、Pb、Sn、Th、Zr、Ag、Au 、Pd、Pt、Re、Si、Ca、Li、Al、Zn、Fe、C、S を含むグループの1つまたは複数の要素を有することを特徴とする請求項1から 5までのいずれか1項に記載の医療用のインプラント。 7.材料が、50−98%のマグネシウム、0−40%のリチウム、0−5% の鉄と5%より少ない他の金属または希土類元素を含むことを特徴とする請求項 1から6までのいずれか1項に記載の医 療用のインプラント。 8.材料が、79−97%のマグネシウム、2−5%のアルミニウム、0−1 2%のリチウムおよび1−4%の希土類元素、特にセリウム、ランタン、ネオジ ムおよび/またはプラセオジムを含むことを特徴とする請求項1から7までのい ずれか1項に記載の医療用のインプラント。 9.材料が、85−91%のマグネシウム、6−12%のリチウム、2%のア ルミニウムおよび1%の希土類元素を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から8まで のいずれか1項に記載の医療用のインプラント。 10.材料が、86−97%のマグネシウム、0−8%のリチウム、2−4% のアルミニウムおよび1−2%の希土類元素を含むことを特徴とする請求項1か ら9までのいずれか1項に記載の医療用のインプラント。 11.材料が、8.5−9.5%のアルミニウム、0.15−0.4%のマン ガン、0.45−0.9%の亜鉛および100%にするための残り%のマグネシ ウムを含むことを特徴とする請求項1から10までのいずれか1項に記載の医療 用のインプラント。 12.材料が、4.5−5.3%のアルミニウム、0.28−0.5%のマン ガンおよび100%にするための残り%のマグネシウムを含むことを特徴とする 請求項1から11までのいずれか1項に記載の医療用のインプラント。 13.材料が、55−65%のマグネシウム、30−40%のリチウムおよび 0−5%の他の金属および/または希土類元素を含むことを特徴とする請求項1 から12までのいずれか1項に記載の医療用のインプラント。 14.材料が、88−99.8%の鉄、0.1−7%のクロムお よび0−3.5%のニッケル並びに5%より少ない他の金属を含むことを特徴と する請求項1から13までのいずれか1項に記載の医療用のインプラント。 15.材料が、90−96%の鉄、3−6%のクロムおよび0−3%のニッケ ル並びに0−5%の他の金属を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から14までのい ずれか1項に記載の医療用のインプラント。 16.インプラントが、脉管支持部材であることを特徴とする請求項1から1 5のいずれか1項に記載の医療用のインプラント。 17.インプラントが、ほぼ管形状の基体を有することを特徴とする請求項1 から16までのいずれか1項に記載の医療用のインプラント。 18.インプラントが、螺旋(コイル)、シールド、ステント、ワイヤ編物、 クリップまたは栓であることを特徴とする請求項1から17までのいずれか1項 に記載の医療用のインプラント。 19.インプラントが、中空器官および/または管系(たとえば尿管、胆管、 尿道、子宮、気管支)内の内腔支持機能を有することを特徴とする請求項1から 18までのいずれか1項に記載の医療用のインプラント。 20.インプラントが、中空空間接続、脉管または管系のための閉鎖システム としての閉鎖部材(Okkluder)であることを特徴とする請求項1から1 9までのいずれか1項に記載の医療用のインプラント。 21.インプラントが、組織インプラントまたは組織トランスプラントを一時 的に固定するための固定または支持装置であることを特徴とする請求項1から2 0までのいずれか1項に記載の医療用のインプラント。 22.インプラントが、整形外科用のインプラント、たとえばボルト、釘、ワ イヤ、プレートまたは関節の一部であることを特徴とする請求項1から21まで のいずれか1項に記載の医療用のインプラント。 23.材料の材厚が、材料の組成に従って、生体内での分解または腐食プロセ スが5日から6ヶ月、特に2週間から8週間の範囲でほぼ終了するように、選択 されていることを特徴とする請求項1から22までのいずれか1項に記載の医療 用のインプラント。 24.材料の材厚が、材料の組成に従って、生体内での分解または腐食プロセ スが、6ヶ月から10年、特に1年から5年の範囲でほぼ終了するように、選択 されていることを特徴とする請求項1から16までのいずれか1項に記載の医療 用のインプラント。 25.生体内の分解または腐食プロセスは、分解プロセスがほぼ終了する前に 、まず機械的な非安定性をもたらすことを特徴とする請求項1から24までのい ずれか1項に記載の医療用のインプラント。
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DE59812873D1 (de) 2005-07-21
AU9154198A (en) 1999-02-10
IL129065A0 (en) 2000-02-17
PT1270023E (pt) 2005-10-31
DE59807846D1 (de) 2003-05-15
EP1270023A3 (de) 2003-12-17
EP1552856A1 (de) 2005-07-13
EP1270023B2 (de) 2012-04-11
US7879367B2 (en) 2011-02-01
JP2011031063A (ja) 2011-02-17
WO1999003515A2 (de) 1999-01-28
US20020004060A1 (en) 2002-01-10
EP1552856B1 (de) 2015-10-07
IL129065A (en) 2006-04-10
ATE236667T1 (de) 2003-04-15
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DK1270023T3 (da) 2005-09-05
JP5352776B2 (ja) 2013-11-27
EP1270023B1 (de) 2005-06-15
IL172424A (en) 2008-08-07
ES2200368T3 (es) 2004-03-01
US8771751B2 (en) 2014-07-08
US20110251669A1 (en) 2011-10-13
EP0923389A2 (de) 1999-06-23
EP0923389B1 (de) 2003-04-09
DE19731021A1 (de) 1999-01-21
EP1270023A2 (de) 2003-01-02

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