EP0346646B2 - Dispositif et procédé pour fabriquer des brosses - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé pour fabriquer des brosses Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0346646B2
EP0346646B2 EP89109137A EP89109137A EP0346646B2 EP 0346646 B2 EP0346646 B2 EP 0346646B2 EP 89109137 A EP89109137 A EP 89109137A EP 89109137 A EP89109137 A EP 89109137A EP 0346646 B2 EP0346646 B2 EP 0346646B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bristles
bristle
utilization
clamping
side ends
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89109137A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0346646B1 (fr
EP0346646A2 (fr
EP0346646A3 (fr
Inventor
Georg Weihrauch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Coronet Werke GmbH
Original Assignee
Coronet Werke GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0346646A2 publication Critical patent/EP0346646A2/fr
Publication of EP0346646A3 publication Critical patent/EP0346646A3/fr
Publication of EP0346646B1 publication Critical patent/EP0346646B1/fr
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46B—BRUSHES
    • A46B9/00—Arrangements of the bristles in the brush body
    • A46B9/02—Position or arrangement of bristles in relation to surface of the brush body, e.g. inclined, in rows, in groups
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46B—BRUSHES
    • A46B3/00—Brushes characterised by the way in which the bristles are fixed or joined in or on the brush body or carrier
    • A46B3/06—Brushes characterised by the way in which the bristles are fixed or joined in or on the brush body or carrier by welding together bristles made of metal wires or plastic materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46D—MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
    • A46D3/00—Preparing, i.e. Manufacturing brush bodies
    • A46D3/04—Machines for inserting or fixing bristles in bodies
    • A46D3/045—Machines for inserting or fixing bristles in bodies for fixing bristles by fusing or gluing to a body

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for manufacturing of bristle goods according to the generic term of Claim 1 and a device according to the preamble of claim 9 for performing the method.
  • bristle products for a variety of bristle products, in particular those common in the personal care field be used, e.g. Toothbrushes, fine Hand brushes, cosmetic brushes or the like, and such which are used for fine application of media, like brushes or the like, there are special requirements the quality of the bristles and the bristle trim. So the usage-side, free Bristle ends no sharp edges, fanning od. Like. Have, since they cause skin injuries - In the case of toothbrushes in particular to mucosal injuries - or to one uneven job. On top of that, Bristles with sharp-edged and irregular Wear out more quickly, break out etc. For this reason, the usage side Ends of the bristles are rounded so that ideally they form a spherical surface. The need to round the bristle ends and the problems that arise are including, for example, US-A-2,227,126 described.
  • bristles are generally made by a kind of grinding process on the finished brush (US-A-2 227 126), taking the guide of the grinding tool and / or the bristles should be such that all bristles of a bundle or an entire Bristle trim detected and rounded evenly become. In the known case, this happens through multi-stage grinding with form grinding tools different contour. Likewise done contouring individual bundles of bristles throughout Bristle trimming through elaborate shape grinding tools and a no less complex one Guiding the brush. Instead of using Shape grinding tools is for rounding the bristle ends also a plate or conical Grinding tool known in different Direction of movement, possibly with one Wobble, over the bristle trim moves.
  • the bristle bundle contoured at the end on the use side is then connected at the opposite end to the bristle carrier, which can be done by adhesive bonding (US Pat. No. 764,898) or by thermal melting of the bristle ends (US Pat. No. 2,664,316).
  • adhesive bonding US Pat. No. 764,898
  • thermal melting of the bristle ends US Pat. No. 2,664,316.
  • a largely mechanized process sequence is possible in that the bristle bundle is inserted into a guide channel which is closed at its end by a negative shape corresponding to the desired contour.
  • the bristle bundle, which is tightly guided in the guide channel is pushed into the negative shape with a piston, the effective piston surface of which in turn has the positive shape of the later contouring.
  • the invention is related to the manufacture of bristle goods aimed at both the bristles rounded at their usage end and also all bristle ends on one of one planar plane deviating envelope surface, with either the envelope surface of individual bristle bundles and / or the envelope surface of an entire Bristle trim is meant.
  • Rounding and contouring are so far either only complex form grinding processes (US-A-2 227,126) or thermal processes (US-A-2 426 328).
  • the invention is based on the object perfect rounding of the bristle ends with consistent and reproducible quality as well contouring individual bundles of bristles or of the entire bristle stock, in which the bristle ends are rounded to enable.
  • Bristles are then removed from the clamping released and axially shifted against each other, around any contour on the user side Generate ends. Only after rounding and The bristles on the bristle carrier are contoured attached.
  • Contouring the bristles after loosening from the clamping can for example by axial displacement against a negative form with the desired contour. After that you can then the bristles at their opposite ends using one of the known technologies on Bristle carriers are attached. With this procedure the quality remains during contouring of the rounded ends completely preserved so that a contoured bristle trim, if necessary only contoured individual bundles or one combined contouring of bundles and bristle trim in any shape of the Usable area is achieved.
  • the entire bristle trim can be Rounded in one operation and then contour and then after one the known methods, e.g. B. welding, Joining, gluing, injection or foaming attach the bristle holder.
  • the bristle goods to be produced from a multitude of groups that are too multifilament summarized bristles e.g. B. bundles, strips or packages
  • the Groups of bristles after machining the usage-side ends and releasing from the Clamping individually or in groups with yours usage-side ends against the negative form be contoured.
  • bristles can be placed inside single or multiple bundles, strips or packages of greater length or height exhibit. It is also possible to have round bristle bundles with narrow bristle strips or with bristle packs to combine within a trim and to contour differently, so that a Variety of cleaning options and optimal adaptation to a specific one Cleaning task is possible.
  • the method according to the invention can be both in so-called short cuts, that is about bristles cut to working length, brush or the like, as well as when processing from the endless strand carry out.
  • short cuts that is about bristles cut to working length, brush or the like
  • processing from the endless strand carry out In the latter type of Processing becomes the endless strand of the processing station cyclically according to that in each Working cycle fed to processed bristle length.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly advantageous Transfered in such a way that the bristles clamped at the leading end of the endless strand, at a distance from this end of the endless strand forming the ends on the usage side cut off at these ends mechanically or chemically processed after detaching from the Clamping against the feeder of the Endless strand contoured against the negative shape, at a distance from the opposite ends clamped and on this to form the fastening side Ends are cut.
  • the procedure is preferably such that the bristles or bristle units after trimming at the attachment-side ends released from the fixture, with these ends ahead in a position in which it attaches to the bristle holder be moved and clamped again become.
  • the Fastening ends one for all bristles uniform supernatant achieved the clamping also during the fastening phase is effective, so that this clamping is diverse Task accomplished, namely fixing on the one hand the bristles when cutting the endless strand, during the subsequent dressing or rounding of the usage ends when trimming the Bristles on the fastening ends and finally during the fortification phase.
  • the invention is based on one Device according to the preamble of claim 1 (U.S.-A-2,227,126).
  • this known device takes the holder with the bristles occupied bristle carriers and become the bristles with their ends guided over grinding tools.
  • a device designed according to the invention is instead characterized by the characterizing features of claim 3.
  • the clamping device at a distance Cutting device is assigned, by means of which Bristles to form the ends on the usage side can be cut to plan.
  • Another known device for Contouring the bristles is suitable (US-A-2 488 873, 2 664 316), consists of one of the bristles in one channel closely leading institution, one in the channel slidable on the mounting side End of the bristle-acting piston, one assigned to the guide device, the contour corresponding to the bristles at their ends on the usage side Negative form, in which the bristles by means of the piston, and one Device for attaching the bristles to the Bristle holder after pulling back the plunger.
  • This device is due to the invention adjusted that after editing and Loosen the clamping device of the pistons in the Channel is retractable to the bristles against the Shift negative form.
  • the bristle trim consists of a plurality of bundles, strips or bundles of bristles, and the latter are not contoured in themselves, but only the individual bristle groups with each other, so is Each group of bristles has a piston with a flat one Assigned thrust area, whose cross-section - like also the cross section of the guide channel - the corresponds to the bristle group. Should, however at the same time the bristle groups are contoured the piston can be a corresponding contoured thrust surface, e.g. similar to a reducing piston, exhibit. It should also be pointed out that after rounding and contouring the bristle groups not only in parallel, but also also in any angular position on the bristle holder can be minced. It is always guaranteed that the contour is maintained and Bristle ends evenly rounded within each contour lie.
  • the invention Device designed so that in flight with the conveyor the clamping device with one corresponding to the number of endless strands Number of channels is arranged that after inserting the leading ends of the Endless strands in the channels of the clamping device is closable, and that in the direction of conveyance before Clamping device for cutting Cutting the bristles from the endless strand and to Formation of the use-side bristle ends arranged is, with the device for rounding the usage ends in front of this and the Clamping device is movable.
  • Particularly advantageous for an optimal rounding is that by simultaneously cutting off the individual clamped bristle strands on a flat plane an exact flush of the bristle ends in a flat envelope surface is reached.
  • the guide device in the feed direction of the bristles behind the Clamping device and behind this a carrier the piston is arranged and that before the clamping device one on the machined bristle ends acting thrust device is arranged by means of the bristles into the channels of the guide device can be inserted until the user side Ends on the face near them close the clamping device flush.
  • This training ensures that the usage ends after trimming in a common level corresponding to the level reach the pusher and the subsequent Retract the pistons the bristles or Bristle groups that are exact for their contouring Travel distances. This is then, for example possible if the negative form in front of the front the clamping device is movable and then the pistons on the carrier into the channels of the Guide device are retractable.
  • a cutting device is after the guide device has left the ends protruding from this end face the bristles to form the fastening side Cuts off ends.
  • the cutting device are those that protrude due to the contouring Trimmed ends so that the resulting Attachment-side ends in one plan Level.
  • the cutting device for Cutting the bristles from the endless strand at the same time the cutting device for cutting off the End of the tensioning device protruding ends form.
  • the cut Bristles using the negative form open clamping device can be moved so far in this are up to their on a plane level lying attachment-side ends of the negative form opposite end of the clamping device with one for attachment to the bristle holder exceed the necessary length.
  • the negative form also serves as Push element for moving the bristles in an attachment position. The remains the Bristles have previously been contoured exactly.
  • the clamping device during attaching the bristles to the bristle carrier serve for axially securing the bristles, so that it fulfills a diverse function. Do they succeed individual operations at different workstations, so the clamping device with the Bristles move along and migrate from workstation to workstation. In this way of working must then one corresponding to the number of work stations Number of clamping devices available his.
  • FIG. 1a and FIG. 1b The processing is shown in FIG. 1a and FIG. 1b the bristles from the endless strand are shown schematically.
  • Three endless strands 1 are shown here, those supplied by coils by means of a conveyor become.
  • Two clamping devices arranged one behind the other 2, the guide channels 3 for the endless strands 1 and each have a slide 4, the the cross-section of the channels 3 narrowed like an aperture and fixed the endless strands 1 in this way.
  • the first clamping device 2 (in the drawing reproduced on the right) may be in the direction of conveyance be moved back and forth and through Clamping and then moving in the conveying direction with the second clamping device open at the same time 2 advance the endless strands 1 in cycles.
  • the peeling can also be done by means of a arranged behind the second clamping device 2 Clamping device 5 take place, likewise has a diaphragm-like slide 6, by means of which provided in the clamping device 5 Channels 7 can be narrowed.
  • a arranged behind the second clamping device 2 Clamping device 5 take place likewise has a diaphragm-like slide 6, by means of which provided in the clamping device 5 Channels 7 can be narrowed.
  • Figure 1a and 1b the latter embodiment is shown.
  • the Slide 6 moves into the closed position, so that the Endless strands 1 are clamped at their leading end are. Then the clamping device 5, as from the comparison of Figure 1a and 1b can be seen to the left by about the necessary amount Bristle length shifted. Then drives a cutting device 8 in front of the front face 9 of the front clamping device 2 and separates the individual bundles 10 from the endless strands 1 from. The ends later used for attachment 11 of the bundles 10 close approximately with the front End face of the clamping device 5, while the Free ends 12 on the usage side.
  • stage according to 1c is in front of the ends 12 on the usage side retracted a tapered grinding tool 13, the in a translational and a rotary Motion blends the ends on the usage side. If necessary, also a vertical one lying on the plane of the drawing or a wobbling one Motion overlaid.
  • a blind hole 19 for each bundle of bristles 10 has, the blind holes 19 with the channels 7 in the clamping device 5 and the channels 15 are aligned in the guide device 14.
  • the blind holes 19 have different depths. The floor the blind holes form the later contour of the Bristle bundle on the finished bristle product.
  • the carrier 20 with the piston 21 is on the Guide device 14 moves so that the pistons 21 penetrate into the guide channels 15 and move the bristles 10 inside so far until they hit the bottom of the blind holes 19, so that the user-side ends 12 of the Bristle bundles 10 lie in the desired contour, as shown in Figure 1f.
  • a spacer plate 23 may be provided between the clamping device 5 and the negative mold 18 retracted can be.
  • the bundles of bristles 10 with the clamping device 5 open shifted in the direction of its use-side end 12, by with a fixed clamping device 5 and guide device 14 of the carrier 20 with the piston 21 and the negative mold 18 synchronously be moved (in Figure 1g to right).
  • This has recesses, z. B. slots or the like.
  • the Bristle bundles 10 are penetrated. After another Clamping the bristle bundle 10 by means of Slider 6 in the clamping device 5 is done Cutting the cutting knife 22.
  • Figures 2a to 2e is a single bristle bundle 25 based on three lying in the drawing plane Single bristles 26 shown.
  • the pre-cut and combined into a bundle 25 Bristles 26 (Figure 2a) are first clamped and at their ends 27 by rounding prepared ( Figure 2b).
  • Figure 2c With the dashed Line in Figure 2c is the section for generating the fastening ends 29 and with 30, 31 of waste of different lengths, when cutting to length occurs, indicated.
  • the location of the bristles can 26 thereby fixed within the bundle 25 be that the bristles 26 on their attachment side End melted into a thickening 32 be ( Figure 2d).
  • This thickening 29 can then in a subsequent step for fastening serve within the bristle carrier 33, for example by injecting, foaming or Paste ( Figure 2e).
  • the method according to the invention is shown in FIG based on a finished bristle product in the form of a Toothbrush 34 shown, with the handle 35 one-piece back 36 is made of plastic. she has bristle bundles 37 and 38 different Length whose ends 39 or 40 lie in a contoured envelope surface and the are in turn contoured.
  • the bristle bundles 37 and 38 can - similar to that described in FIGS. 2d and 2e - By thickening 41 or 42 in Back 36 of toothbrush 34 may be anchored.
  • FIG 4 shows a round brush 43, such as that also used for dental care and not by means of an axial bearing 44 shown drive shaft is placed.
  • the round brush 43 has an outer bristle ring Bundle 45 at their ends on the usage side 46 are convexly contoured. Furthermore, the Round brush 43 from an inner bristle ring Bundles 47 at their usage ends 48 are contoured concave.

Claims (20)

  1. Procédé de fabrication de brosses en matière synthétique à filaments, dont les extrémités utiles sont arrondies et situées dans une forme s'éloignant de la surface du support de brosse et dont les extrémités opposées sont fixées à un support de brosse, caractérisé en ce que les filaments sont maintenus au moyen d'un dispositif de serrage à un distance de leurs extrémités utiles, celles-ci étant situées dans un même plane, en ce que ces dernières sont arrondies par un procédé mécanique ou chimique, et en ce que les filaments sont ensuite desserrés, puis décalés axialement les uns par rapport aux autres et finalement sont mis en position actif avec un dispositif de fixation au moyen du dispositif de serrage et fixés au support de brosse par leur extrémité opposée.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, après le maintien avec serrage, les filaments sont coupés à plat à distance de leur extrémité enserrée pour la conformation de l'extrémité utile, celle-ci étant ensuite travaillée.
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'après avoir été arrondis, les filaments sont desserrés et profilés contre un masque par décalage axial et finalement fixés au support de brosse par leur extrémité opposée.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble des filaments composant la garniture de poils d'une brosse sont mis sous tension par les parties éloignées de leurs extrémités utiles, celles-ci étant situées dans un même plan, que ces dernières sont conformées par un procédé mécanique ou chimique, et que les filaments sont ensuite desserrés puis profilés contre un masque.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3 pour la fabrication de brosses du type comprenant une pluralité de filaments assemblés en groupes multifilaments, par exemple faisceaux, bandes ou paquets, caractérisé en ce que les groupes de filaments sont profilés contre le masque par leur extrémité utile, individuellement ou en groupe, après conformation de leur extrémité utile et libération du dispositif de serrage.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les filaments sont appliqués contre le masque par un mouvement de pression axiale, extrémités utiles sorties.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel les filaments ou groupes de filaments sont conformés à partir d'un cordon continu guidé en avance cadencée, caractérisé en ce que les filaments sont serrés par l'extrémité aval du cordon, coupés à distance de cette extrémité du cordon sous la forme des extrémités utiles, travaillés par un procédé mécanique ou chimique à ces extrémités et profilés, après desserrage, contre le masque dans le sens opposé au sens d'avance du cordon, serrés à distance des extrémités opposées et découpés pour former les extrémités de fixation.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les filaments ou unités de filaments sont libérés du serrage après l'opération de coupe du côté des extrémités de fixation et, par ces extrémités émergentes, décalés dans une position dans laquelle ils sont fixés au support de brosse et resserrés.
  9. Installation de fabrication de brosses en matière synthétique formées d'un support de brosse et de filaments qui y sont fixés, les extrémités utiles de ceux-ci étant arrondies et dont le profil est différent de la surface de fixation du support, comprenant une bride pour le maintien des filaments à un poste de conformation, un dispositif pour arrondir les extrémités utiles agissant sur celles-ci et un dispositif de fixation des extrémités opposées des filaments au support, caractérisée en ce qu'il est prévu comme la bride pour le maintien un dispositif de serrage (5), au moyen duquel les filaments (10) sont mis sous tension, individuellement ou en groupe, au niveau du poste de conformation, par la partie éloignée de leurs extrémité utiles (12) situées dans un même plan, et ensuite mis en contact actif avec le dispositif pour arrondir (13) et, après libération du dispositif de serrage et décalage axial des filaments l'un par rapport à l'autre, mis en contact actif avec le dispositif de fixation.
  10. Installation selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce qu'à distance du dispositif de serrage (5) est associé à celui-ci un dispositif de coupe, au moyen duquel les filaments sont coupés en vue de la formation des extrémités utiles.
  11. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 ou 10, comprenant un dispositif de guidage sans jeu des filaments dans un canal, un piston déplaçable dans le canal, agissant sur l'extrémité de fixation des filaments, et un masque associé au dispositif de guidage, correspondant au profil des filaments à leurs extrémités utiles, dans lequel les filaments sont introduits décalés au moyen du piston, caractérisée en ce qu'après desserragé du dispositif de serrage (5), le piston (21) est introduit dans le canal (15) pour décaler les filaments (10) en contact avec le masque (18).
  12. Installation selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de guidage (14) présente plusieurs canaux de guidage (15) correspondant chacun à un. groupe (10) de filaments, par exemple faisceaux, bandes ou paquets, en ce que pour chaque canal de guidage (15) est prévu un piston (12) et que les pistons sont de longueur variable en fonction des distances variables salon le décalage des unités de filaments (10) jusqu'au point de contact avec le masque (18).
  13. Installation selon l'une des revendications 9 à 12 comprenant un dispositif d'avance guidée selon une cadence donnée des filaments ou groupes de filaments sous forme de cordons continus, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de serrage (5) comportant un nombre de canaux (7) correspondant au nombre de cordons continus (1) est disposé dans l'alignement du dispositif d'avance, en ce qu'après introduction des extrémités en aval (11) des cordons continus (1) dans les canaux, le dispositif de serrage (5) est verrouillé, et en ce qu'un dispositif de coupe (8) pour la réduction de longueur des filaments (10) du cordon (1) et la conformation des extrémités utiles (12) des filaments est disposé devant le dispositif de serrage (5) dans la direction d'avance.
  14. Installation selon l'une des revendications 9 à 13, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif (13) de conformation des extrémités (12) utiles peut être déplacé devant celles-ci et le dispositif de serrage (5).
  15. Installation selon Tune des revendications 9 à 14, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif d'avance guidée (14) est disposé dans la direction d'introduction des filaments (10) derrière le dispositif de serrage (5), un support (20) portant les pistons (21) étant disposé derrière ce dispositif (5), et en ce que devant le dispositif de serrage (5) est disposé un dispositif de décalage (16) agissant sur les extrémités de filaments (12) traitées, par lequel les filaments (10) sont introduits dans les canaux (15) du dispositif d'avance (14) jusqu'à ce que les extrémités utiles (12) viennent en contact avec la face frontale (17) proche du dispositif de serrage (5) pour les réunir.
  16. Installation selon l'une des revendications 9 à 15, caractérisée en ce que le masque (18) est déplacé devant la face frontale (17) du dispositif de serrage (5) et qu'ensuite les pistons reliés au support (20) sont introduits dans les canaux (15) du dispositif de guidage (14).
  17. Installation selon l'une des revendications 9 à 16, caractérisée en ce qu'un dispositif de coupe est disposé à la face frontale du dispositif de serrage (5) opposée au masque (18), dispositif qui coupe les extrémités des filaments (10) en saillie au-delà de cette face frontale, formant ainsi les extrémités de fixation (24), après le retour du dispositif de guidage (14).
  18. Installation selon l'une des revendications 9 à 17, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de coupe (8) pour l'égalisation en longueur des filaments (10) à partir du cordon continu (1) correspond simultanément au dispositif de coupe (22) pour trancher les extrémités dépassant la face frontale du dispositif de serrage (5).
  19. Installation selon l'une des revendications 9 à 18, caractérisée en ce que les filaments (10) tranchés sont décalés au moyen du masque (18) dans le dispositif de serrage (5), celui-ci étant desserré, jusqu'à ce que leurs extrémités de fixation (24) disposées dans un même plan dépassent de la face frontale du dispositif de serrage (5) opposée au masque (18) d'une longueur nécessaire à leur fixation sur le support de brosse.
  20. Installation selon l'une des revendications 9 à 19, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de serrage (5) sert à l'immobilisation axiale des filaments lors de leur fixation sur le support de brosse.
EP89109137A 1988-06-15 1989-05-20 Dispositif et procédé pour fabriquer des brosses Expired - Lifetime EP0346646B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3820372A DE3820372C2 (de) 1988-06-15 1988-06-15 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Borstenwaren
DE3820372 1988-06-15

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0346646A2 EP0346646A2 (fr) 1989-12-20
EP0346646A3 EP0346646A3 (fr) 1991-03-27
EP0346646B1 EP0346646B1 (fr) 1994-09-21
EP0346646B2 true EP0346646B2 (fr) 2002-04-24

Family

ID=6356612

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89109137A Expired - Lifetime EP0346646B2 (fr) 1988-06-15 1989-05-20 Dispositif et procédé pour fabriquer des brosses

Country Status (23)

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US (1) US4979782A (fr)
EP (1) EP0346646B2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2771255B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR970000804B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1045528C (fr)
AR (1) AR245353A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE111701T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU633489B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8902894A (fr)
CA (1) CA1328548C (fr)
DD (1) DD284591A5 (fr)
DE (2) DE3820372C2 (fr)
DK (1) DK172097B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2060694T5 (fr)
FI (1) FI90390C (fr)
HK (1) HK1007477A1 (fr)
IE (1) IE64302B1 (fr)
MX (1) MX170137B (fr)
MY (1) MY104447A (fr)
NO (1) NO179502C (fr)
NZ (1) NZ229553A (fr)
SU (1) SU1724003A3 (fr)
UA (1) UA7837A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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AU633489B2 (en) 1993-02-04
DK292189D0 (da) 1989-06-14
ES2060694T5 (es) 2002-12-01
CN1045528C (zh) 1999-10-13
MX170137B (es) 1993-08-09
JPH02111305A (ja) 1990-04-24
DE58908382D1 (de) 1994-10-27
DD284591A5 (de) 1990-11-21
JP2771255B2 (ja) 1998-07-02
NO892473D0 (no) 1989-06-14
AU3646889A (en) 1989-12-21
CA1328548C (fr) 1994-04-19
FI892944A0 (fi) 1989-06-15
FI892944A (fi) 1989-12-16
DE3820372C2 (de) 1997-07-24
FI90390B (fi) 1993-10-29
NZ229553A (en) 1992-11-25
BR8902894A (pt) 1990-02-01
CN1038580A (zh) 1990-01-10
FI90390C (fi) 1994-02-10
EP0346646B1 (fr) 1994-09-21
SU1724003A3 (ru) 1992-03-30
AR245353A1 (es) 1994-01-31
US4979782A (en) 1990-12-25
NO179502C (no) 1996-10-23
ES2060694T3 (es) 1994-12-01
DK292189A (da) 1989-12-16
HK1007477A1 (en) 1999-04-16
IE64302B1 (en) 1995-07-26
ATE111701T1 (de) 1994-10-15
DK172097B1 (da) 1997-10-27
NO179502B (no) 1996-07-15
EP0346646A2 (fr) 1989-12-20
IE891924L (en) 1989-12-15
EP0346646A3 (fr) 1991-03-27
UA7837A1 (uk) 1995-12-26
DE3820372A1 (de) 1989-12-21
KR970000804B1 (en) 1997-01-20
MY104447A (en) 1994-03-31

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