CN1575348A - 热压成型方法,其电镀钢材及其制备方法 - Google Patents
热压成型方法,其电镀钢材及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1575348A CN1575348A CNA028210816A CN02821081A CN1575348A CN 1575348 A CN1575348 A CN 1575348A CN A028210816 A CNA028210816 A CN A028210816A CN 02821081 A CN02821081 A CN 02821081A CN 1575348 A CN1575348 A CN 1575348A
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- Prior art keywords
- steel
- zinc
- coating
- hot
- forming
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- Granted
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 268
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 268
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 77
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 188
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 185
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 106
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 110
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 76
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 54
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 38
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 25
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 11
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000034189 Sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000635 Spelter Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000753 refractory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004347 surface barrier Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 zinc-aluminium-magnesium Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- XIOUDVJTOYVRTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-adamantyl)-3-aminothiourea Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC2CC1(NC(=S)NN)C3 XIOUDVJTOYVRTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJMNNXLGOUYVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum zinc Chemical compound [Al].[Zn] FJMNNXLGOUYVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOSWYUNQBRPBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium dichromate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O JOSWYUNQBRPBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012490 blank solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron zinc Chemical compound [Fe].[Zn] KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WJZHMLNIAZSFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese zinc Chemical compound [Mn].[Zn] WJZHMLNIAZSFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940001516 sodium nitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005028 tinplate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RZLVQBNCHSJZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RZLVQBNCHSJZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/261—After-treatment in a gas atmosphere, e.g. inert or reducing atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
- C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/322—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only
- C23C28/3225—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only with at least one zinc-based layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/325—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with layers graded in composition or in physical properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/34—Anodisation of metals or alloys not provided for in groups C25D11/04 - C25D11/32
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D9/00—Electrolytic coating other than with metals
- C25D9/04—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials
- C25D9/08—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials by cathodic processes
- C25D9/10—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials by cathodic processes on iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12792—Zn-base component
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Abstract
Description
钢类型 | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Al | Ti | N | Cr | Mo |
A | 0.2 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 0.01 | 0.002 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.004 | - | - |
B | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.003 | - | - |
C | 0.1 | 0.05 | 1.1 | 0.02 | 0.005 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.003 | - | - |
序号 | 压制成型材料 | 每侧电镀涂层重量(g/m2) | 加热后外观 | 可成型性 | 涂膜的粘合力 | 耐腐蚀性 |
1234 | 镀锌层扩散处理钢板Cr-Mo钢板(SCM430)冷轧钢板(SPC)不锈钢板(SUS410) | 60000 | 形成了均匀的氧化物膜变黑变黑变黑 | 没问题氧化物膜剥离氧化物膜剥离氧化物膜剥离 | ○××× | ○××× |
序号 | 每侧电镀涂层重量(g/m2) | 电镀涂层的Fe含量(质量%) | 加热条件 | 加热后外观 | 可成型性 | 涂膜粘合力 | 耐腐蚀性 |
1234567891011121314151617181920212223 | 2040608090406080606060606060606060606060606060 | 101010101010101051013152025305080101315202530 | BBBBBAAABBBBBBBBBCCCCCC | 形成了均匀的氧化物膜 | 没问题 | ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ | ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ |
序号 | 每侧电镀涂层重量(g/m2) | 镀层的Fe含量(质量%) | 基础钢的种类(1.2mm厚) | 加热后外观 | 可成型性 | 涂膜粘合力 | 耐腐蚀性 |
123 | 606060 | 151515 | ABC | 形成了均匀的氧化物膜 | 没问题 | ○○○ | ○○○ |
序号 | 锌基电镀 | 形成ZnO条件 | ZnO涂层重量(以Zn计mg/m2) | 加热条件 | 压制成型产品外观 | 可涂漆性 | ||||
*1电镀 | 涂层重量(g/m2) | 方法 | 详细条件 | 温度(℃) | 时间(分) | 涂膜粘合力 | 耐腐蚀性 | |||
1 | - | 40 | - | - | - | 900 | 5 | 鳞形成且剥离 | × | × |
2 | EG | 40 | - | - | 1.2 | 900 | 8 | 变褐与粉末化 | × | ○ |
3 | GI | 60 | - | - | 6.5 | 900 | 8 | 变褐与粉末化 | × | ○ |
4 | EG | 40 | B | 浸渍时间:1秒 | 10.8 | 900 | 8 | 变褐,没有粉末化 | ○ | ○ |
5 | EG | 40 | C | 浸渍时间:1秒 | 30.5 | 900 | 8 | 正常 | ○ | ○ |
6 | EG | 40 | B | 浸渍时间:3秒 | 65 | 900 | 8 | 正常 | ○ | ○ |
7 | EG | 40 | C | 浸渍时间:4秒 | 120 | 900 | 8 | 正常 | ○ | ○ |
8 | EG | 40 | D | 导电时间:3.5秒 | 350 | 900 | 8 | 正常 | ○ | ○ |
9 | EG | 40 | E | 导电时间:5秒 | 450 | 900 | 10 | 正常 | ○ | ○ |
10 | EG | 40 | D | 导电时间:7秒 | 1200 | 900 | 10 | 正常 | ○ | ○ |
11 | EG | 40 | E | 导电时间:10秒 | 1600 | 900 | 10 | 正常 | ○ | ○ |
12 | EG | 40 | F | - | 3400 | 900 | 10 | 正常 | ○ | ○ |
13 | EG | 40 | F | - | 6500 | 950 | 8 | 正常但粉末化 | ○ | ○ |
14 | GA | 60 | A | 停留时间:1秒 | 25 | 900 | 8 | 正常 | ○ | ○ |
15 | GA | 60 | A | 停留时间:2秒 | 124 | 900 | 8 | 正常 | ○ | ○ |
16 | GA | 60 | A | 停留时间:3秒 | 340 | 900 | 8 | 正常 | ○ | ○ |
17 | GA | 60 | A | 停留时间:5秒 | 800 | 950 | 10 | 正常 | ○ | ○ |
18 | GI | 60 | D | 导电时间:7秒 | 800 | 900 | 8 | 正常 | ○ | ○ |
19 | GI | 60 | D | 导电时间:10秒 | 1300 | 950 | 10 | 正常 | ○ | ○ |
20 | GI | 60 | B | 浸渍时间:5秒 | 120 | 900 | 8 | 正常 | ○ | ○ |
21 | GI | 60 | C | 浸渍时间:10秒 | 300 | 900 | 10 | 正常 | ○ | ○ |
22 | ZnNi | 30 | - | - | 2 | 900 | 8 | 变褐与粉末化 | × | ○ |
23 | ZnNi | 30 | B | 浸渍时间:5秒 | 135 | 900 | 8 | 正常 | ○ | ○ |
24 | ZnNi | 30 | C | 浸渍时间:5秒 | 215 | 900 | 8 | 正常 | ○ | ○ |
25 | ZnNi | 30 | D | 导电时间:2秒 | 200 | 900 | 8 | 正常 | ○ | ○ |
26 | ZnNi | 30 | E | 导电时间:2秒 | 180 | 900 | 8 | 正常 | ○ | ○ |
序号 | 锌基镀层 | 上镀层 | 加热条件 | 压制成型产品的外观 | 涂膜粘合力 | 耐腐蚀性 | |||
电镀类型1 | 涂层重量(g/m2) | 电镀类型 | 涂层重量(g/m2) | 温度(℃) | 时间(分) | ||||
1 | - | - | - | - | 900 | 5 | 鳞形成且剥离 | × | × |
2 | GA | 50 | Fe | 0.1 | 900 | 8 | 鳞形成且剥离 | ◎ | ○ |
3 | GA | 50 | Fe | 0.2 | 900 | 8 | 正常 | ◎ | ○ |
4 | GA | 50 | Fe | 1 | 900 | 8 | 正常 | ◎ | ○ |
5 | GA | 50 | Fe | 2.2 | 950 | 10 | 正常 | ★ | ○ |
6 | GA | 50 | Fe | 5.6 | 950 | 10 | 正常 | ◎ | ○ |
7 | GA | 50 | Fe | 9.5 | 950 | 10 | 正常 | ◎ | ○ |
8 | GA | 50 | Fe | 12.2 | 950 | 10 | 正常 | ◎ | ○ |
9 | GI | 50 | Ni | 1 | 900 | 8 | 正常 | ◎ | ○ |
10 | GI | 50 | Ni | 5.2 | 950 | 10 | 正常 | ◎ | ○ |
11 | GI | 50 | Ni | 11.5 | 950 | 10 | 正常 | ◎ | ○ |
12 | GF | 60 | Co | 0.8 | 900 | 8 | 正常 | ◎ | ○ |
13 | GF | 60 | Co | 2.6 | 950 | 10 | 正常 | ◎ | ○ |
14 | ZnNi | 30 | Fe | 2.3 | 900 | 8 | 正常 | ◎ | ○ |
15 | ZnNi | 30 | Fe | 4 | 950 | 10 | 正常 | ◎ | ○ |
16 | - | - | Ni | 3.1 | 900 | 5 | 鳞形成与剥离 | × | × |
17 | - | - | Co | 1.3 | 900 | 5 | 鳞形成与剥离 | × | × |
钢号 | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cu | Ni | Cr | Mo | V | Ti | Nb | Al | B | N | 每侧锌涂层重量(g/m2) | 镀层Fe含量(%) | 铁氧化物的形成(%) | 模具污染 | 涂膜粘合力 | 耐腐蚀性 | 热压后平均硬度(Hv) |
1 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 2.00 | 0.012 | 0.001 | - | - | 0.48 | - | - | - | - | 0.04 | - | 0.002 | 11 | 30 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | 342 |
2 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 1.13 | 0.021 | 0.005 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.04 | 0.0001 | 0.002 | 31 | 25 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | 361 |
3 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 1.51 | 0.010 | 0.002 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.03 | - | 0.04 | 0.0006 | 0.003 | 57 | 5 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | 378 |
4 | 0.15 | 0.49 | 2.04 | 0.007 | 0.001 | - | - | 0.47 | 0.17 | - | 0.06 | - | 0.04 | 0.0001 | 0.005 | 60 | 20 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | 410 |
5 | 0.18 | 0.48 | 1.47 | 0 009 | 0.001 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.02 | 0.0001 | 0.006 | 89 | 10 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | 431 | |
6 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 1.20 | 0.008 | 0.002 | - | - | 0.20 | - | - | 0.02 | - | 0.05 | 0.0007 | 0.005 | 61 | 18 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | 479 |
7 | 0.27 | 0.11 | 1.50 | 0.001 | 0.001 | - | - | 0.20 | - | - | - | - | 0.03 | 0.0016 | 0.001 | 54 | 10 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | 517 |
8 | 0.31 | 0.20 | 1.49 | 0.012 | 0.003 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.06 | - | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.0001 | 0.005 | 52 | 13 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | 557 |
9 | 0.33 | 0.11 | 1.53 | 0.001 | 0.001 | - | - | 0.21 | - | - | - | - | 0.04 | 0.0015 | 0.001 | 51 | 15 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | 568 |
10 | 0.42 | 0.20 | 1.20 | 0 010 | 0.001 | - | - | - | - | 0.01 | - | 0.03 | 0.0001 | 0.003 | 48 | 20 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | 675 | |
11 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 1.20 | 0.008 | 0.002 | - | - | 0.20 | - | - | 0.02 | - | 0.05 | 0.0007 | 0.005 | * | * | × | ○ | × | × | 末测 |
12 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 1.20 | 0.008 | 0.002 | - | - | 0.20 | - | - | 0.02 | - | 0.05 | 0.0007 | 0.005 | 5 | 8 | × | ○ | × | × | |
13 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 1.20 | 0.008 | 0.002 | - | - | 0.20 | - | - | 0.02 | - | 0.05 | 0.0007 | 0.005 | 100 | 13 | ○ | × | × | × | |
14 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 1.20 | 0.008 | 0.002 | - | - | 0.20 | - | - | 0.02 | - | 0.05 | 0.0007 | 0.005 | 59 | 4 | × | ○ | × | × | |
15 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 1.20 | 0.008 | 0.002 | - | - | 0.20 | - | - | 0.02 | - | 0.05 | 0.0007 | 0.005 | 12 | 95 | × | ○ | × | × |
序号 | 最高加热温度(℃) | 冷却速度(℃/秒) | 镀锌层扩散处理温度(℃) | 维氏硬度 |
2-1 | 650 | 8 | 560 | 198 |
2-2 | 700 | 8 | 560 | 187 |
2-3 | 740 | 8 | 560 | 179 |
2-4 | 760 | 8 | 560 | 177 |
2-5 | 780 | 8 | 560 | 165 |
2-6 | 800 | 8 | 560 | 164 |
2-7 | 820 | 8 | 560 | 154 |
2-8 | 840 | 8 | 560 | 158 |
2-9 | 650 | 30 | 560 | 197 |
2-10 | 700 | 30 | 560 | 193 |
2-11 | 740 | 30 | 560 | 204 |
2-12 | 760 | 30 | 560 | 207 |
2-13 | 780 | 30 | 560 | 212 |
2-14 | 800 | 30 | 560 | 219 |
2-15 | 820 | 30 | 560 | 233 |
2-16 | 840 | 30 | 560 | 244 |
2-17 | 700 | 8 | 700 | 185 |
2-18 | 700 | 8 | 740 | 215 |
2-19 | 840 | 8 | 700 | 164 |
2-20 | 840 | 8 | 740 | 215 |
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JP2001324573A JP3591501B2 (ja) | 2001-10-23 | 2001-10-23 | 熱間プレス成形用鋼材 |
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FR2807447B1 (fr) | 2000-04-07 | 2002-10-11 | Usinor | Procede de realisation d'une piece a tres hautes caracteristiques mecaniques, mise en forme par emboutissage, a partir d'une bande de tole d'acier laminee et notamment laminee a chaud et revetue |
WO2001081646A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-24 | 2001-11-01 | Nkk Corporation | Tole d'acier recuit apres galvanisation et procede de production correspondant |
JP3661559B2 (ja) | 2000-04-25 | 2005-06-15 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 加工性とめっき密着性に優れた合金化溶融亜鉛めっき高張力鋼板とその製造方法 |
JP2002054161A (ja) | 2000-08-07 | 2002-02-20 | Makiminato Hyuumukan Kogyosho:Kk | プレキャストコンクリート部材によるコンクリート擁壁の構築方法並びに施工方法 |
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2002
- 2002-10-23 KR KR1020047005977A patent/KR100646619B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2002-10-23 EP EP02777929.7A patent/EP1439240B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-23 KR KR1020067014733A patent/KR100678406B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2002-10-23 CN CNB028210816A patent/CN100434564C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-23 WO PCT/JP2002/010972 patent/WO2003035922A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2002-10-23 AT AT02777929T patent/ATE468416T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-10-23 DE DE60236447T patent/DE60236447D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2003
- 2003-12-10 US US10/730,978 patent/US20040166360A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2005
- 2005-07-22 US US11/186,973 patent/US7673485B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR100646619B1 (ko) | 2006-11-23 |
KR20040048981A (ko) | 2004-06-10 |
US20040166360A1 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
CN100434564C (zh) | 2008-11-19 |
DE60236447D1 (de) | 2010-07-01 |
KR20060090309A (ko) | 2006-08-10 |
EP1439240A1 (en) | 2004-07-21 |
ATE468416T1 (de) | 2010-06-15 |
US20050252262A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
EP1439240B2 (en) | 2018-10-03 |
EP1439240A4 (en) | 2005-09-07 |
KR100678406B1 (ko) | 2007-02-02 |
US7673485B2 (en) | 2010-03-09 |
WO2003035922A1 (fr) | 2003-05-01 |
EP1439240B1 (en) | 2010-05-19 |
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