CN113520524A - 用于从血管移除凝块的凝块取出装置 - Google Patents

用于从血管移除凝块的凝块取出装置 Download PDF

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CN113520524A
CN113520524A CN202110411696.7A CN202110411696A CN113520524A CN 113520524 A CN113520524 A CN 113520524A CN 202110411696 A CN202110411696 A CN 202110411696A CN 113520524 A CN113520524 A CN 113520524A
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A·德维迪
P·康诺利
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    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B17/221—Gripping devices in the form of loops or baskets for gripping calculi or similar types of obstructions
    • A61B2017/2215—Gripping devices in the form of loops or baskets for gripping calculi or similar types of obstructions having an open distal end

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Abstract

本发明题为“用于从血管移除凝块的凝块取出装置”。本发明公开一种凝块移除装置，该凝块移除装置包括第一托架区段、通过第一铰接元件位于第一托架区段的远侧的第二托架区段，该第一铰接元件包括夹紧单元。该夹紧单元具有塌缩状态和膨胀状态，该夹紧单元被构造成夹紧凝块的至少一部分。第三托架区段通过第二铰接撑条元件位于第二托架区段的远侧，该第二铰接撑条元件包括夹紧单元，该夹紧单元具有塌缩状态和膨胀状态，该夹紧单元被构造成夹紧凝块的至少一部分。第三托架区段的外径大于第二托架区段的外径，第二托架区段的外径大于第一托架区段的外径。

Description

用于从血管移除凝块的凝块取出装置
技术领域
本公开整体涉及用于在血管内医学治疗期间从血管移除堵塞的装置和 方法。
背景技术
通常在患者患有诸如急性缺血性中风(AIS)、心肌梗塞(MI)和肺 栓塞(PE)的病症的情况下，在针对血管内干预的机械血栓切除术中使用 凝块取出装置。急性阻塞物可包括凝块、错位装置、迁移装置、大栓塞 等。当部分或全部血栓从血管壁脱离时，发生血栓栓塞。这种凝块(现在 称为栓塞)随后沿血液流动方向运送。如果凝块滞留在大脑脉管系统中，则可能导致缺血性脑卒中。如果凝块起源于静脉系统或心脏右侧并滞留在 肺动脉或其分支中，则可能导致肺栓塞。凝块也可不以栓塞的形式释放， 而是在局部形成并堵塞血管，这种机制在形成冠状动脉堵塞中较为常见。 设计可提供高水平性能的凝块移除装置存在重大挑战。第一，存在使得难 以递送装置的许多进入挑战。在进入涉及导航主动脉弓(诸如冠状动脉或 脑堵塞)的情况下，一些患者的弓构型使得难以定位引导导管。这些困难 的弓构型被分类为2型或3型主动脉弓，其中3型弓呈现最大的困难。
在接近大脑的动脉中，曲折性挑战甚至更严重。例如，在颈内动脉的 远侧端部处，装置将不得不在几厘米的血管中快速连续地导航具有180°弯 曲、90°弯曲和360°弯曲的血管段，这种情况并不罕见。在肺栓塞的情况 下，通过静脉系统并且然后通过心脏的右心房和心室获得进入。右心室流 出道和肺动脉是脆弱的血管，其很容易被不灵活或高轮廓的装置损坏。由 于这些原因，期望凝块取出装置与尽可能低的轮廓和柔性的引导导管兼 容。
第二，凝块可能滞留在的区域中的脉管系统通常是脆弱且纤弱的。例 如，神经血管比身体其他部位的类似尺寸的血管更纤弱并且位于软组织床 中。施加在这些血管上的过大拉力可能导致穿孔和出血。肺血管大于脑血 管系统的血管，但其性质也很纤弱，特别是那些更远侧血管。
第三，凝块可包括一系列形态和一致性中的任何一种。例如，凝块可 能难以夹持，并且不恰当的夹持可导致碎片化，这可能导致栓塞。较软凝 块材料的长线束还可能倾向于在分叉或三分叉处滞留，从而导致多个血管 同时在显著长度上被闭塞。更成熟且有组织的凝块材料可能比较软的较新 鲜凝块更难以压缩，并且在血压作用下，其可能会使容纳该材料的顺应性 血管扩张。此外，发明人已经发现了凝块的性质可以通过与其相互作用的 装置的作用而显著改变。具体地，血凝块的压缩导致凝块脱水并导致凝块 硬度和摩擦系数两者的显著增大。
对于任何装置需要克服上述挑战以便在移除凝块和恢复流动方面提供 高水平的成功。现有装置无法充分解决这些挑战，特别是与血管创伤和凝 块特性相关联的那些挑战。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供满足上述需求的装置和方法。因此，期望一种凝 块取出装置以从患有AIS的患者的脑动脉、患有MI的患者的冠状天生或移 植血管和患有PE的患者的肺动脉以及凝块导致闭塞的其他外周动脉和静脉 血管移除凝块。
在一些示例中，该装置包括沿着闭塞部位(例如，在中颈内动脉 (ICA)中)的夹紧特征结构。该装置可被构造成再灌注血管和/或移除具 有纤维蛋白芯的凝块。在一些示例中，纤维蛋白芯可位于相对软的血栓所 包围的凝块中的中间位置或远侧位置。
在一些示例中，该装置被构造成移除M1分叉中的凝块。
在一些示例中，该装置被构造成移除M2分叉中的凝块。
在一些示例中，该装置包括第一托架区段；第二托架区段，该第二托 架区段通过第一铰接元件位于第一托架区段的远侧，该第一铰接元件包括 夹紧单元，该夹紧单元包括塌缩状态和膨胀状态，该夹紧单元被构造成夹 紧凝块的至少一部分；第三托架区段，该第三托架区段通过第二铰接撑条 元件位于第二托架区段的远侧，该第二铰接撑条元件包括夹紧单元，该夹 紧单元包括塌缩状态和膨胀状态，该夹紧单元被构造成夹紧凝块的至少一部分；并且第三托架区段的外径大于第二托架区段的外径，第二托架区段 的外径大于第一托架区段的外径。
在一些示例中，每个托架区段包括形成闭合单元的阵列的多个撑条。
在一些示例中，该装置包括铰接元件，该铰接元件具有位于第一托架 区段的近侧并且连接到轴的远侧端部的夹紧单元。
在一些示例中，每个夹紧单元具有孔眼、要用凝块嵌入的凹口元件或 正弦曲线撑条图案中的至少一者。
在一些示例中，第一托架区段至少部分地在包括流动通道的内部主体 上方延伸，该流动通道被构造成接合凝块并且恢复通过凝块的血液流动， 内部主体包括塌缩状态和膨胀状态。第一托架区段和第二托架区段的外径 大于处于展开构型的内部主体的外径，以限定内部主体与单独的第一托架 区段和第二托架区段之间的凝块接收空间。该装置还包括第一凝块入口 嘴，该第一凝块入口嘴位于第一托架区段和第二托架区段之间。在一些示例中，每个铰接元件被构造成自对准对应托架区段以在脉管系统的弯曲部 中铰接接合。
在一些示例中，第一托架区段偏心地耦接在内部主体上方。在一些示 例中，第二托架区段至少部分地在包括流动通道的内部主体上方延伸，该 流动通道被构造成接合凝块并且恢复通过凝块的血液流动，第二托架区段 的内部主体包括塌缩状态和膨胀状态。每个铰链可为相应凝块托架区段之 间的唯一接触点。
在一些示例中，每个相应流动通道的近侧端部接合在相应托架区段的 相应近侧端部处，并且每个相应流动通道的远侧端部接合在相应后续托架 区段处。
在一些示例中，第二凝块入口嘴定位在第二托架区段和第三托架区段 之间。
在一些示例中，第一托架区段、第二托架区段和第三托架区段中的每 一者包括开口远侧端部。
在一些示例中，第一托架区段、第二托架区段和第三托架区段中的每 一者包括闭合近侧端部。
在一些示例中，第一托架区段、第二托架区段和第三托架区段中的每 一者包括由闭合单元形成的多个撑条，第一托架区段、第二托架区段和第 三托架区段中的至少一者的远侧端部终止于不连接到相应托架区段的相邻 闭合单元的至少一个远侧顶点中。
在一些示例中，至少一个远侧顶点是花瓣或叶构件，该花瓣或叶构件 被构造成以花样方式开放并且在脉管系统的一个或多个分叉中膨胀以移除 凝块。
在一些示例中，第一托架区段的闭合单元小于第二托架区段的单元。
在一些示例中，第二托架区段的闭合单元小于第三托架区段的单元。
在一些示例中，第一托架区段、第二托架区段和第三托架区段中的每 一者从开口远侧端部朝近侧渐缩到闭合近侧端部。
在一些示例中，第一托架区段、第二托架区段和第三托架区段中的每 一者包括由闭合单元形成的多个撑条，第一托架区段、第二托架区段和第 三托架区段中的至少一者的远侧端部终止于不具有远侧连接元件的冠部 中。冠部中的至少一个冠部被构造成在凝块与该冠部接合时以花样方式枢 转开放。
在一些示例中，使凝块移除装置膨胀会导致夹紧单元、第一托架区 段、第二托架区段和第三托架区段中的至少一者使凝块的至少一部分变 形。
在一些示例中，每个夹紧单元包括多个弓形撑条构件，该多个弓形撑 条构件被构造成致动并夹紧来自一对弓形撑条构件之间的血管的凝块。在 一些示例中，撑条构件形成撑条网络，该撑条网络能够操作以接合并且然 后夹紧凝块的至少一部分。在一些示例中，弓形撑条构件围绕一个或多个 中心撑条构件定位，每个撑条构件在共同的相应近侧端部和远侧端部处接 合。在一些示例中，夹紧单元中的每个夹紧单元被构造成在从塌缩状态移动到膨胀状态的凝块夹紧状态时夹紧凝块，直到凝块的一部分被压缩在相 应夹紧单元之间。在一些示例中，每个夹紧单元在塌缩状态和膨胀状态之 间的直径的比率是大约1.5:1至4:1。
在一些示例中，第三托架区段包括受限的递送构型和至少部分受限的 凝块夹紧构型，第三托架区段的至少一部分被构造成在膨胀状态下接合凝 块并且在从膨胀状态移动到凝块夹紧构型时夹紧凝块。
在一些示例中，第三托架区段包括凝块夹紧结构，该凝块夹紧结构被 构造成在从膨胀状态移动到凝块夹紧构型时夹紧凝块。
在一些示例中，凝块夹紧结构包括螺旋形式。
在一些示例中，凝块夹紧结构包括非管状平面形式。
在一些示例中，第三托架区段包括纵向轴线，并且凝块夹紧结构以螺 旋形式围绕纵向轴线延伸。
在一些示例中，第三托架区段被构造成当部署在内径小于膨胀状态的 内径的管腔内时施加向外径向力。在一些示例中，向外径向力可沿着第三 托架区段的长度以大体正弦曲线图案变化，该大体正弦曲线图案包括波形 图案并且振幅沿着该长度大体一致。在一些示例中，向外径向力可沿着第 三托架区段的长度以大体正弦曲线图案变化，该大体正弦曲线图案包括波 形图案并且振幅沿着该长度大体降低，该长度在第三托架区段的近侧端部 处较高并且在第三托架区段的远侧端部处较低。
在一些示例中，至少五(5)个夹紧单元端对端地定位在装置的近侧端 部和远侧端部之间。
在一些示例中，至少三(3)个夹紧单元端对端地定位在装置的近侧端 部和远侧端部之间。
在一些示例中，公开了一种凝块移除装置，包括：第一托架区段；第 二托架区段，该第二托架区段通过第一铰接元件位于第一托架区段的远 侧，该第一铰接元件包括夹紧单元，该夹紧单元包括塌缩状态和膨胀状 态，该夹紧单元被构造成夹紧凝块的至少一部分；以及第三托架区段，该 第三托架区段通过第二铰接撑条元件位于第二托架区段的远侧，该第二铰 接撑条元件包括夹紧单元，该夹紧单元包括塌缩状态和膨胀状态，该夹紧 单元被构造成夹紧凝块的至少一部分。
在一些示例中，公开了一种用于移除凝块的方法。该方法包括：在凝 块的部位处或附近的血管中递送凝块移除装置，该凝块移除装置包括塌缩 状态和膨胀状态并且包括：第一托架区段；第二托架区段，该第二托架区 段通过第一铰接元件位于第一托架区段的远侧，该第一铰接元件包括夹紧 单元，该夹紧单元包括塌缩状态和膨胀状态，该夹紧单元被构造成夹紧凝 块的至少一部分；第三托架区段，该第三托架区段通过第二铰接撑条元件位于第二托架区段的远侧，该第二铰接撑条元件包括夹紧单元，该夹紧单 元包括塌缩状态和膨胀状态，该夹紧单元被构造成夹紧凝块的至少一部 分。该方法包括：通过将凝块移除装置从塌缩状态膨胀到膨胀状态来将单 元和托架区段中的至少一者与凝块的至少一部分嵌入凝块接收空间中；以 及通过抽出凝块移除装置来移除凝块的至少一部分。
在一些示例中，第三托架区段的外径大于第二托架区段的外径，第二 托架区段的外径大于第一托架区段的外径。
在一些示例中，第三托架区段的外径大约等于第二托架区段的外径， 第二托架区段的外径大约等于第一托架区段的外径。
在一些示例中，该方法包括：端对端顺序地定位至少五(5)个夹紧单 元。
在一些示例中，该方法包括：端对端顺序地定位至少三(3)个夹紧单 元。
在一些示例中，嵌入步骤还包括：使第一托架区段、第二托架区段和 第三托架区段中的至少一者膨胀，以及将凝块的至少一部分推入凝块接收 空间中。
在一些示例中，该方法包括：至少部分地在装置上方重新套入微导 管，以通过单元或区段中的至少一者夹持、夹紧和/或以镊子除去凝块。
在一些示例中，该方法包括：使用第一托架区段捕获凝块的至少一部 分。
在一些示例中，该方法包括：使用第二托架区段捕获凝块的至少一部 分。
在一些示例中，该方法包括：使用第三托架区段捕获凝块的至少一部 分。
在一些示例中，该方法包括：使用一个或多个夹紧单元中的至少一个 夹紧单元来夹紧、夹持和/或以镊子除去凝块的至少一部分。
在一些示例中，该方法包括：使凝块移除装置膨胀，使得托架区段在 第一托架区段和第二托架区段之间和/或第二托架区段和第三托架区段之间 的入口之间使凝块的至少一部分变形。
在一些示例中，第三托架区段包括：受限的递送构型和至少部分受限 的凝块夹紧构型，该方法包括：通过第三托架区段的至少一部分接合凝块 并在从膨胀状态移动到凝块夹紧构型时夹紧凝块。
在一些示例中，该方法包括：当部署在内径小于膨胀状态的内径的管 腔内时通过第三托架区段施加向外径向力。
在一些示例中，该方法包括：使向外径向力沿着第三托架区段的长度 以大体正弦曲线图案变化，该大体正弦曲线图案包括波形图案并且振幅沿 着该长度大体一致。
在一些示例中，该方法包括：使向外径向力沿着第三托架区段的长度 以大体正弦曲线图案变化，该大体正弦曲线图案包括波形图案并且振幅沿 着该长度大体降低，该长度在第三托架区段的近侧端部处较高并且在第三 托架区段的远侧端部处较低。
在一些示例中，该方法包括：使第一托架区段、第二托架区段和第三 托架区段中的至少一者的远侧端部终止于不连接到相应托架区段的相邻闭 合单元的至少一个远侧顶点中。
在一些示例中，该方法包括：在膨胀状态下以花样方式开放至少一个 远侧顶点；以及使至少一个远侧顶点在脉管系统的一个或多个分叉中膨胀 以移除凝块，至少一个远侧顶点是以铰接方式连接到相应托架区段的至少 一个撑条的花瓣或叶构件。
在一些示例中，该方法包括：使第一托架区段至少部分地在包括流动 通道的内部主体上方延伸，该流动通道被构造成接合凝块并且恢复通过凝 块的血液流动，内部主体包括塌缩状态和膨胀状态；第一托架区段和第二 托架区段的外径大于处于展开构型的内部主体的外径，以限定内部主体与 单独的第一托架区段和第二托架区段之间的凝块接收空间，该装置还包括 第一凝块入口嘴，该第一凝块入口嘴位于第一托架区段和第二托架区段之 间。
在一些示例中，该方法包括：每个铰接元件自对准对应托架区段以在 脉管系统的弯曲部中铰接接合。
在一些示例中，该方法包括：将第一托架区段偏心地耦接在内部主体 上方。
在结合附图查看以下具体描述之后，本公开的其他方面和特征对于本 领域普通技术人员将变得显而易见。
附图说明
将通过附图的如下描述进一步讨论本公开的上述及其它方面，在这些 附图中，相同的编号指示各个图中相同的结构元件和特征。附图未必按比 例绘制，而是将重点放在示出本公开的原理。附图仅以举例方式而非限制 方式描绘了本发明装置的一种或多种具体实施。期望本领域的技术人员能 够构思并组合来自多个附图的元件，以更好地满足使用者的需求。
图1示出了本公开的凝块取出装置的侧视图。
图2A示出了示例性夹紧单元的近距离视图。
图2B示出了示例性夹紧单元的近距离视图。
图2C示出了示例性夹紧单元的近距离视图。
图3A示出了示例性夹紧单元的近距离视图。
图3B示出了示例性夹紧单元的近距离视图。
图4示出了在示例性血管中与示例性凝块一起使用的本公开的示例性 凝块取出装置的侧视图。
图5A示出了在示例性血管中与示例性凝块一起使用的图4的示例性凝 块取出装置的侧视图。
图5B示出了在示例性血管中与示例性凝块一起使用的图4的示例性凝 块取出装置的侧视图。
图6A示出了在示例性血管中与示例性凝块一起使用的另一个示例性 凝块取出装置的侧视图。
图6B示出了在示例性血管中与M1/M2分叉处的示例性凝块一起使用 的图6A的示例性凝块取出装置的侧视图。
图7A示出了另一个示例性凝块取出装置的侧视图。
图7B示出了另一个示例性凝块取出装置的侧视图。
图8是示出了根据本公开的方面的从患者的血管移除凝块的方法的流 程图。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图详细描述本公开的具体示例，其中相同的参考标号表示 功能性相似或相同的元件。这些示例解决了与传统导管相关的许多缺陷， 诸如低效凝块移除以及将导管不准确地部署到目标部位。
接近血管内的各种血管(无论是冠状血管、肺血管还是脑血管)涉及 熟知的程序步骤和许多常规的可商购获得的附件产品的使用。这些产品诸 如血管造影材料和导丝广泛用于实验室和医学程序中。当这些产品与以下 描述中的本公开的系统和方法结合使用时，其功能和确切构造未被详细描 述。
以下具体实施方式本质上仅仅是示例性的，并不旨在限制本公开或本 公开的应用和用途。尽管本公开的描述在许多情况下是在治疗脑动脉的情 况下进行的，但本公开也可用于如先前所述的其他身体通路中。
根据以上描述将显而易见的是，虽然已经图示并描述了本公开的特定 实施方案，但是可在不脱离本公开的实质和范围的情况下进行各种修改。 例如，虽然本文描述的实施方案涉及特定特征，但是本公开包括具有不同 特征的组合的实施方案。本公开还包括不包括所描述的所有具体特征的实 施方案。现在参考附图详细描述本公开的具体实施方案，其中相同的参考 标号表示相同或功能性相似的元件。术语“远侧”或“近侧”用于下文有 关相对于治疗医师的位置或方向的描述。“远侧”或“朝远侧”为远离医 师的位置或在远离医师方向上。“近侧”或“朝近侧”或“在近侧”为靠 近医师的位置或在朝向医师方向上。
进入脑血管、冠状血管和肺血管涉及使用许多可商购获得的产品和常 规的程序步骤。进入产品诸如导丝、引导导管、血管造影导管和微导管在 别处描述，并且常用于导管实验室程序中。在下文的描述中假定这些产品 和方法与本公开的装置和方法结合使用，并且不需要详细描述。
以下具体实施方式本质上仅仅是示例性的，并不旨在限制本公开或本 公开的应用和用途。尽管本公开的描述在许多情况下是在治疗脑动脉的情 况下进行的，但本公开也可用于如先前所述的其他身体通路中。
许多所公开的设计的共同主题是多层构造，在该多层构造中装置在某 些情况下可包括外部可膨胀构件，在该外部可膨胀构件内有时可包括内部 可膨胀构件，这两个构件均直接地或间接地连接到细长轴。转到图1，示出 了根据本公开的一个示例性装置100。具体地，装置100以侧视图示出，由 此装置100的近侧端部104连接到细长轴106的远侧端部。如图所示，轴 106具有在动脉内部延伸的远侧端部和在动脉外部延伸的近侧端部。装置100可包括多个夹紧单元150，包括位于近侧端部104处或附近并且连接到 轴106的第一单元150。第一单元150可与轴106成一体或分开。第一夹紧 单元150可连接到第一托架区段110，并且被构造成嵌入并夹持、夹紧和/ 或“以镊子除去”凝块，如图2A至图3B更具体地所示和所述。如本文所 讨论的，术语“以镊子除去(tweeze或tweezing)”旨在指夹紧或挤压单元(例如，闭合区段130的单元或单元150本身)的护套，其导致相应的 撑条结合在一起并且以镊子除去或夹持凝块的至少一部分。在这种方面， 虽然相应单元中的撑条的数量不需要受到限制，但是必须包括至少两个撑 条表面以便以镊子除去对应的凝块材料。
轴106可为锥形线轴，并且可由不锈钢、MP35N、镍钛诺或具有适当 高模量和拉伸强度的其他材料制成。轴106还可具有位于患者的近侧的指 示器(一个或多个带)，以向用户指示装置100的远侧端部在插入期间何 时会接近微导管的端部。
区段110可包括用于递送的塌缩构型以及用于凝块取出、流动恢复和/ 或碎片化保护的膨胀构型。为了在递送到膨胀构型之间移动，区段110被 构造成在从微导管递送(例如，从微导管释放)时自膨胀到大于构件103 的直径的直径。区段110可包括具有内部可膨胀构件103的外部可膨胀主 体，该内部可膨胀构件具有总体管状的内部流动通道，以有利于在凝块取 出装置100部署在阻塞部位处之后立即恢复通过凝块的血液流动。区段110 的外部可膨胀主体的膨胀在膨胀期间可导致凝块的压缩和/或移位。构件 103的内部通道还可包括压缩凝块的区域的一部分，以便跨凝块C形成血 液连通通道。这种通道可用于减小凝块C两端的压力梯度，从而减小为缩 回凝块C而必须克服的力中的一个力。构件103的流动通道还可为用于携 带有含氧营养物质的血液到达凝块远侧的缺血区的流动路径。
区段110的外部可膨胀主体可提供高水平的托架，该托架提供逸出路 径或开口以将凝块推向开口或凝块入口115。当入口开口115位于区段110 的外部可膨胀主体中和/或位于外部可膨胀主体和构件103之间时，这些入 口开口115提供凝块可用的主要移动自由度，并且因此区段110的膨胀迫 使凝块进入限定在构件103、外部可膨胀主体和其远侧的任何凝块托架区段 之间的接收空间中。入口115被构造成允许凝块的部分进入区段110的相应外部可膨胀主体和构件103之间的接收空间，并且因此允许在不过度压 缩的情况下取出凝块。
这是有利的，因为凝块的压缩会使其脱水，这继而增加了凝块的摩擦 特性，并且增加了其刚度，所有这些都使得凝块更难以从血管脱离和移 除。如果在多孔结构朝向血管壁向外迁移时凝块穿过区段110的外壁向内 迁移，则可避免这种压缩。在一些示例中，区段110、120和/或130的撑条 包括通过抛光、亲水性涂层、PTFE涂层、硅润滑剂等的相对低的摩擦系 数，使得凝块可容易地从这些段滑出并且通过对应的入口116并进入接收 空间中。
如图所示，装置100可包括第二托架区段120和第三托架区段130，每 个托架区段包括在结构上类似于区段110的外部可膨胀主体的外部可膨胀 主体。然而，区段130的外径可大于区段120的外径，区段120的外径可 大于区段110的外径。区段110、120、130优选地由超弹性或伪弹性材料 (例如，镍钛诺或具有高可恢复应变的另一种这样的记忆合金)制成。
然而，装置100并不限于此，而是可由其他材料构造。在如此选择性 地组织并设定区段110、120、130的尺寸时，装置100被构造成捕获不同 的凝块类型。在一些示例中，区段130的外径的尺寸可被设定成与血管的 直径一样大，在该血管中递送该区段以容易地捕获任何碎片并避免远侧栓 塞。区段120的外径可相对较小，而区段110的外径可甚至更小，以更容 易地捕获更大的凝块(例如，富含纤维蛋白的凝块)。有利的是，如果凝 块富含纤维蛋白和/或如果凝块在取出期间翻转，则较小直径的区段110可 防止血管损伤。在一些示例中，区段110可有益于凝块保持在装置100 内。
在一些示例中，如所述和所示的区段110、120、130的不同直径可特 别有利于在使用期间捕获可能被区段110错过的凝块碎片，因为直径逐渐 增大的区段120、130可从凝块的易碎部分牢固地捕获碎片。区段110、 120、130在使在凝块取出期间损伤血管壁的风险最小化方面可为特别有利 的。例如，如果凝块相对较大，则装置100的对应小直径可为大凝块留出 空间，并且继而在凝块移除期间最小化或减小凝块和血管壁之间的摩擦。 如果凝块在装置100的使用期间翻转或者如果凝块在取出期间改变形状， 则装置1还可有利于凝块捕获。
此外，区段110、120和130的外径可以其他方式变化和/或是基本上 类似的。例如，区段120可包括内部构件103，而区段130可不一定包括任 何内部构件103，而是包括终止于不连接到区段130的任何单元或元件的一 个或多个远侧冠部或顶点136中的基本上开口远侧端部。同样，区段110 和120可各自包括基本上开口远侧端部，该远侧端部终止于分别不连接到 相应区段110、120的任何单元或元件的一个或多个远侧冠部或顶点116、 126中。
区段130可被构造成包括被构造成夹紧凝块C的一个或多个撑条。在 一些示例中，区段130的夹紧可通过在装置上方推进微导管或中间导管直 到凝块的一部分被压缩在导管的末端和区段130的冠部或撑条(例如，顶 点136)之间来实现。区段130的直径可变化高达血管BV的凝块C处的直 径的大约150％。例如，微导管可朝远侧推进以将凝块的一部分夹紧在微导 管的末端和与低径向力区域相邻的区段130之间。在分离和保持期间，位 于区段110、120远侧的区段130提供对凝块C的远侧端部的附加夹持和控 制。区段130的撑条构件和对应的单元可包括被构造用于夹紧富含纤维蛋 白的凝块的多种形状和设计，包括美国专利10,292,723；美国专利 10,363,054；美国申请15/359,943；美国申请16/021,505；以及美国申请 16/330,703中所述的那些形状和设计，这些专利中的每个专利全文以引用方 式并入，如同本文中逐字地阐述。
通过区段130和/或本公开的一个或多个单元150对凝块进行的压缩可 改变凝块特性，并且通过使凝块更坚固且“更粘”而使凝块不太易于取 出，如WO2012/120490A中所述，该专利的全部内容以引用方式并入本 文。本公开的装置100旨在通过在凝块和血管壁之间膨胀以使得在表面区 域上方与凝块接合并且在凝块的最小压缩的情况下进行的方式来有利于凝 块取出。在一些示例中，夹紧可通过在装置上方推进微导管或中间导管直 到凝块的一部分被压缩在导管和单元150或区段130之间来实现。然而， 相应单元150或区段130的致动不受此限制，并且还可通过牵拉与其附接 的一个或多个牵拉构件、通过将电流递送到相应单元150或区段130的撑 条构件中的一个或多个撑条构件以使从塌缩构型改变到夹紧构型等来执 行。这种夹紧有利于移除凝块，因为其增加了装置对凝块(尤其是富含纤 维蛋白的凝块)的夹持。该夹紧还可通过在分离过程期间将凝块拉离血管 壁来拉长凝块，从而减小分离力。
单元150在区段110、120、130之间的分段和铰接设计也被具体地定 制为在脉管系统中的弯曲部中实现并置。装置100的唯一连接构件是用作 铰链元件的单元150，这些单元被构造成与中性轴自对准并且允许装置容易 地在弯曲部中铰接接合。在一些示例中，当所述外部构件装载在微导管中 时，图1所示的构件103和单元150中的每一者可从外径小于塌缩的外部 构件的内径的单个微管激光切割。内管的单元的开口角被构造成使得在内 管从塌缩构型移动到膨胀构型时内管的长度的变化(或缩短)类似于外部 构件的长度的变化，从而有利于内部构件和外部构件两者的远侧端部之间 的连接。
如本文件中所述，为这些元件中的每一个设想了一系列设计，并且这 些元件中的任何一个都可以与任何其他元件结合使用，但为了避免重复， 它们不会以任何可能的组合示出。区段110、120、130期望由一旦从高度 应变递送构型释放后就能够自动恢复其形状的材料制成。超弹性材料诸如 镍钛诺或类似性质的合金是特别合适的。该材料可为多种形式，诸如线状 或条状或片状或管状。特别合适的制造工艺是激光切割镍钛诺管，并且然 后对所得结构进行热定形和电抛光，以形成撑条和连接元件的框架。这种 框架可为如本文所公开的大量形状中的任何一种，并且可通过添加合金元 素(例如，铂)或者通过多种其他涂层或标记带而在荧光镜透视检查下呈 现为可见。
图2A示出了示例性夹紧单元250的近距离视图，该夹紧单元类似于装 置100的单元250。单元250中的每个单元可被构造成嵌入凝块和/或与凝 块接合并夹持凝块，以牢固地保持凝块以便缩回。应当理解，本文所述的 夹紧单元中的每个夹紧单元可根据需要或要求与凝块取出装置互换使用。 单元250可包括近侧端部204和远侧端部208，撑条构件212a、212、212c 和212d定位在该近侧端部和该远侧端部之间。。撑条构件212a、212b、 212c和212d中的一者或多者可被构造为弓形或以其他方式包括张紧的挠曲 部，以便能够嵌入凝块中，并且然后在使用期间通过夹持或夹紧凝块来致 动。单元250可通过从护套(例如，微导管)拔出、通过由一个或多个牵 拉构件牵拉或致动、将电流递送到撑条构件212a、212、212c和212d中的 一者或多者而被致动到夹紧构型，以使撑条构件212a、212、212c和212d中的一者或多者的至少第一部分从塌缩构型改变为夹紧构型。
单元250的直径可在大约2毫米-10毫米之间的范围内，这取决于设计 轮廓允许多少。一个优选的直径可为大约2.25毫米。在一些示例中，单元 250可足够小以配合在0.021英寸或0.018英寸ID的微导管中。
图2B示出了具有撑条构件212a’、212b’和212c’的另一个示例性夹紧 单元250’的近距离视图，现在该示例性夹紧单元示出为具有起伏边缘。这 些起伏部可通过根据需要或要求热定形、卷曲或以其他方式成形来形成。 图2C示出了另一个示例性夹紧单元250”的近距离视图，其中撑条构件 212a”、212b”和212c”各自包括一个或多个孔眼。
图3A示出了具有撑条构件312a、312b和312c的另一个示例性夹紧单 元350的近距离视图，现在该示例性夹紧单元示出为具有在端部304、308 之间互连的相对直的、非弯曲的撑条构件。这些起伏部可通过根据需要或 要求热定形、卷曲或以其他方式成形来形成。图3B示出了另一个示例性夹 紧单元350’的近距离视图，其中撑条构件312a’、312b’和312c’各自包括一 个或多个凹口或缺口。
返回到装置100，图4示出了在示例性血管BV中与示例性凝块C一 起使用的装置100的侧视图，由此装置100被示出为处于在区段110处与 凝块C接合的初始凝块位置。在凝块C可翻转和碎裂时，位于该装置的远 侧的区段120被接合，由此凝块C的碎片被示出为由区段130捕获。图4 的装置100还包括位于区段110的近侧的第一夹紧单元150、位于区段110、120之间的第二夹紧单元150和位于区段120、130之间的第三夹紧单 元150。每个单元150提供对凝块C及其任何碎片的增强的夹持。单元150 中的每个单元在捕获凝块方面可为特别有利的，这些凝块可在凝块C的中 心、远侧或近侧位置具有纤维蛋白芯。此外，在使用中，如果一个单元150 错过对凝块C的一部分的夹持，则其远侧的一个或多个单元150可接合和/ 或夹持凝块C。
图5A示出了在图4所示的步骤之后在血管BV中与凝块C一起使用的 装置100的侧视图。如图所示，凝块C接合在区段110、120之间和/或与这 些区段接合，使得装置100被清楚地构造成捕获富含纤维蛋白的凝块和富 含易碎红血细胞的凝块两者。总体装置设计将有助于容易地捕获富含纤维 蛋白的凝块和富含红血细胞的凝块。三个夹紧段将有助于捕获凝块，其中 富含纤维蛋白的芯可位于凝块中的任何位置。装置的直径增大将有助于减少凝块碎片化。在区段110、120之间，单元150还接合凝块C。在图5B 中，装置100被微导管70包覆，以通过在微导管70内部牵拉单元150直到 感觉到阻力来使单元150紧紧地夹持和/或夹紧凝块C，这将象征凝块被紧 紧地夹持在单元150内。凝块C可通过经由微导管70的抽吸来固定。
图6A示出了在另一个示例性血管BV中与示例性凝块C一起的装置 100的侧视图。图6B示出了在致动与一个或多个远侧冠部或顶点116’、 126’相关联的倾斜特征结构之后的图6A的装置100的侧视图。图6A至图 6B的装置100尤其可用于在难以用现有技术的一个支架取栓器装置移除的 脉管系统分叉处捕获凝块。出于本申请的目的，如果凝块存在于血管BV 的两个不同分支(例如，M1和M2)中，则血管BV被称为“大血管”， 并且具有凝块但没有支架取栓器的其他分支被称为“小血管”。通过区段 110、120的一个或多个远侧冠部或顶点116’、126’的倾斜特征结构，外部 保持架被构造成围绕分叉开放。当区段110、120的一个或多个远侧冠部或 顶点116’、126’如图6A至图6B之间所示成角度时，每个相应区段110、 120的外部保持架可像花一样开放(例如，通过围绕一个或多个撑条接头、 接合部或铰链元件枢转，如图6A用大的旋转箭头表示)并且膨胀，从而使 分叉中与相应远侧冠部或顶点116’、126’相关联的撑条捕获凝块。
此外，区段110、120的一个或多个远侧冠部或顶点116’、126’的这些 倾斜特征结构可导致区段110、120的外径增大，从而在凝块C被夹持在区 段110、120的内部保持架和外部保持架之间时增强凝块C即使在分叉处的 夹持。当凝块存在于分叉处时，三个夹紧特征结构可有利于血管的每个不 同分支中的凝块夹持和/或夹紧。区段110、120、130和相应内部段(例 如，构件103、单元150等)之间的外部保持架的逐渐增大的直径可使凝块 C保持在血管BV内部。用微导管70对装置100进行再包覆以及穿过该微 导管的抽吸也可增强装置100对分叉处存在的凝块C的夹持。
转到图7A，示出了装置100’，其类似于装置100。装置100’包括五 (5)个顺序定位的铰链元件、夹紧单元150，包括至少一个区段110和 120。类似于装置100，区段110、120和130的外径总体从区段110处的最 小值增大到区段130处的最大值。尽管未示出，但具有对应流动通道的内 部主体103可包括有区段110、120中的至少一者，类似于装置100。如图 所示布置单元150可便于制造以及经由附加单元150增强对凝块的夹持。 增大区段110、120和130之间的直径可防止凝块碎片化。
转到图7B，示出了装置100”，其类似于装置100’，主要区别在于所 有三个区段110”、120”、130”具有大约相同的直径。来自用于关于内部段 (例如，单元150、内部主体103等)的记忆合金(例如，镍钛诺)的单个 管的装置100、100’和100”中的任一者和记忆合金的单个管可类似地用于 制造对应于区段110、120、130的外管。在一些示例中，可在区段110、120和单元150之间提供相对小的间隙，以形成凝块入口嘴并且使单元150 暴露于凝块。
图8是示出了根据本公开的方面的从患者的血管移除凝块的方法的流 程图。如将理解的，图8中的方法步骤可通过本文所述的示例性装置中的 任一种或通过类似的装置来实现。参考如图8所概述的方法8000，在步骤 8010中，在凝块的部位处或附近的血管中递送凝块移除装置，该凝块移除 装置包括塌缩状态和膨胀状态并且包括：第一托架区段；第二托架区段， 该第二托架区段通过第一铰接元件位于第一托架区段的远侧，该第一铰接 元件包括夹紧单元，该夹紧单元包括塌缩状态和膨胀状态，该夹紧单元被 构造成夹紧凝块的至少一部分；以及第三托架区段，该第三托架区段通过 第二铰接撑条元件位于第二托架区段的远侧，该第二铰接撑条元件包括夹 紧单元，该夹紧单元包括塌缩状态和膨胀状态，该夹紧单元被构造成夹紧 凝块的至少一部分。在步骤8020中，方法8000包括：通过将凝块移除装 置从塌缩状态膨胀到膨胀状态来将单元和托架区段中的至少一者与凝块的 至少一部分嵌入凝块接收空间中。在步骤8030中，方法8000包括通过抽 出凝块移除装置来移除凝块的至少一部分。方法8000可在步骤8030之后 结束。在其他实施方案中，可执行根据上述示例的附加步骤。
本公开不限于所描述的示例，这些示例的构型和细节可变化。术语 “远侧”和“近侧”在整个前述描述中使用，并且是指相对于治疗医师的 位置和方向。同样，“远侧”或“朝远侧”是指远离医师的位置或在远离 医师的方向上。类似地，“近侧”或“朝近侧”是指靠近医师的位置或在 朝向医师的方向上。
在描述示例时，为了清楚起见，采用了术语。旨在使每个术语设想其 本领域技术人员理解的最广泛的含义，并且包括以类似方式操作以实现类 似目的的所有技术等同物。还应当理解，提到方法的一个或多个步骤不排 除存在附加的方法步骤或在那些明确标识的步骤之间的中间方法步骤。在 不脱离所公开技术的范围的情况下，可按照与本文所述的顺序不同的顺序 执行方法的步骤。类似地，还应当理解，提到装置或系统中的一个或多个部件不排除存在附加的部件或在那些明确标识的部件之间的中间部件。
如本文所讨论的，“患者”或“个体”可以是人或任何动物。应当理 解，动物可以是各种任何适用的类型，包括但不限于哺乳动物、兽医动 物、家畜动物或宠物类动物等。例如，动物可以是专门选择具有与人类相 似的某些特性的实验动物(例如，大鼠、狗、猪、猴等)。
如本文所用，针对任何数值或范围的术语“约”或“大约”指示允许 部件或元件的集合实现如本文所述的其预期要达到的目的的合适的尺寸公 差。更具体地，“约”或“大约”可指列举值的值±20％的范围，例如“约 90％”可指71％至99％的值范围。
“包含”或“含有”或“包括”是指至少命名的化合物、元素、颗粒 或方法步骤存在于组合物或制品或方法中，但不排除存在其它化合物、材 料、颗粒、方法步骤，即使其它此类化合物、材料、颗粒、方法步骤具有 与命名的那些相同的功能。
还应该注意的是，除非上下文清楚地指明，否则本说明书和所附权利 要求中所用的单数形式“一个/一种”和“所述/该”包括复数指代物。范围 可在本文中表示为“约”或“大约”一个特定值和/或“约”或“大约”另 一个特定值。当表达此种范围时，其它示例性实施方案包括从一个特定值 和/或到另一特定值。
本文所包含的描述为本公开的示例，并且不旨在以任何方式限制本公 开的范围。虽然描述了本公开的具体示例，但在不脱离本公开的范围和实 质的情况下，可对装置和方法进行各种修改。例如，虽然本文所述的示例 涉及特定部件，但本公开包括利用部件的各种组合实现所述功能、利用另 选的材料实现所述功能、组合各个示例的部件、将各个示例的部件与已知 部件组合等的其它示例。本公开设想用其它熟知的和可商购获得的产品替换本文所示的组成部件。对于本公开所涉及的领域内的普通技术人员而 言，这些修改通常是显而易见的并且旨在落入以下权利要求书的范围。

Claims (20)

1.一种凝块移除装置，包括：
第一托架区段；
第二托架区段，所述第二托架区段通过第一铰接元件位于所述第一托架区段的远侧，所述第一铰接元件包括夹紧单元，所述夹紧单元包括塌缩状态和膨胀状态，其构造成夹紧凝块的至少一部分；
第三托架区段，所述第三托架区段通过第二铰接撑条元件位于所述第二托架区段的远侧，所述第二铰接撑条元件包括夹紧单元，所述夹紧单元包括塌缩状态和膨胀状态，其构造成夹紧所述凝块的至少一部分；并且
所述第三托架区段的外径大于所述第二托架区段的外径，所述第二托架区段的外径大于所述第一托架区段的外径。
2.根据权利要求1所述的凝块移除装置，还包括：
铰接元件，所述铰接元件包括位于所述第一托架区段的近侧并且连接到轴的远侧端部的夹紧单元。
3.根据权利要求2所述的凝块移除装置，每个夹紧单元包括孔眼、要用凝块嵌入的凹口元件或正弦曲线撑条图案中的至少一者。
4.根据权利要求1所述的凝块移除装置，所述第一托架区段至少部分地在包括流动通道的内部主体上方延伸，所述流动通道构造成接合所述凝块并且恢复通过所述凝块的血液流动，所述内部主体包括塌缩状态和膨胀状态；
所述第一托架区段和所述第二托架区段的外径大于处于展开构型的所述内部主体的外径，以限定所述内部主体与单独的所述第一托架区段和所述第二托架区段之间的凝块接收空间，所述装置还包括：
第一凝块入口嘴，所述第一凝块入口嘴位于所述第一托架区段和所述第二托架区段之间。
5.根据权利要求4所述的凝块移除装置，每个铰接元件构造成自对准对应托架区段以在脉管系统的弯曲部中铰接接合，所述第二托架区段至少部分地在包括流动通道的内部主体上方延伸，所述流动通道构造成接合所述凝块并且恢复通过所述凝块的血液流动，所述第二托架区段的所述内部主体包括塌缩状态和膨胀状态；
每个铰接元件是相应凝块托架区段之间的唯一接触点。
6.根据权利要求5所述的凝块移除装置，每个相应流动通道的近侧端部接合在相应托架区段的相应近侧端部处，并且每个相应流动通道的远侧端部接合在相应后续托架区段处。
7.根据权利要求4所述的凝块移除装置，所述第一托架区段、所述第二托架区段和所述第三托架区段中的每一者包括开口远侧端部，
所述第一托架区段、所述第二托架区段和所述第三托架区段中的每一者包括由闭合单元形成的多个撑条，所述第一托架区段、所述第二托架区段和所述第三托架区段中的至少一者的所述远侧端部终止于不连接到所述相应托架区段的相邻闭合单元的至少一个远侧顶点中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的凝块移除装置，所述至少一个远侧顶点是花瓣或叶构件，所述花瓣或叶构件构造成以花样方式开放并且在所述脉管系统的一个或多个分叉中膨胀以移除所述凝块。
9.根据4所述的凝块移除装置，所述第一托架区段、所述第二托架区段和所述第三托架区段中的每一者包括开口远侧端部，所述第一托架区段、所述第二托架区段和所述第三托架区段中的每一者包括由闭合单元形成的多个撑条，所述第一托架区段、所述第二托架区段和所述第三托架区段中的至少一者的所述远侧端部终止于不具有远侧连接元件的冠部中，所述冠部中的至少一个冠部构造成在凝块与所述冠部接合时以花样方式枢转开放。
10.根据权利要求4所述的凝块移除装置，其中所述装置构造成使得使所述凝块移除装置膨胀会导致夹紧单元、所述第一托架区段、所述第二托架区段和所述第三托架区段中的至少一者使所述凝块的至少一部分变形。
11.根据权利要求1所述的凝块移除装置，每个夹紧单元包括
多个弓形撑条构件，所述多个弓形撑条构件构造成致动并夹紧来自一对弓形撑条构件之间的血管的所述凝块，撑条构件形成撑条网络，所述撑条网络能够操作以接合并且然后夹紧凝块的至少一部分。
12.根据权利要求11所述的凝块移除装置，每个夹紧单元在所述塌缩状态和所述膨胀状态之间的直径的比率是大约1.5:1至4:1。
13.根据权利要求1所述的凝块移除装置，所述第三托架区段包括受限的递送构型和至少部分受限的凝块夹紧构型，所述第三托架区段的至少一部分构造成在所述膨胀状态下接合凝块并且在从所述膨胀状态移动到所述凝块夹紧构型时夹紧凝块。
14.根据权利要求13所述的凝块移除装置，所述第三托架区段包括凝块夹紧结构，所述凝块夹紧结构构造成在从所述膨胀状态移动到所述凝块夹紧构型时夹紧凝块。
15.根据权利要求1所述的凝块移除装置，所述第三托架区段构造成当部署在内径小于所述膨胀状态的内径的管腔内时施加向外径向力，所述向外径向力沿着所述第三托架区段的长度以大体正弦曲线图案变化，所述大体正弦曲线图案包括波形图案，并且振幅沿着所述长度大体一致。
16.根据权利要求1所述的凝块移除装置，至少五(5)个夹紧单元端对端地定位在装置的近侧端部和远侧端部之间。
17.一种用于移除凝块的方法，包括：
在凝块的部位处或附近的血管中递送凝块移除装置，所述凝块移除装置包括塌缩状态和膨胀状态，并且包括：
第一托架区段，
第二托架区段，所述第二托架区段通过第一铰接元件位于所述第一托架区段的远侧，所述第一铰接元件包括夹紧单元，所述夹紧单元包括塌缩状态和膨胀状态，其构造成夹紧凝块的至少一部分；
第三托架区段，所述第三托架区段通过第二铰接撑条元件位于所述第二托架区段的远侧，所述第二铰接撑条元件包括夹紧单元，所述夹紧单元包括塌缩状态和膨胀状态，其构造成夹紧凝块的至少一部分；
通过将所述凝块移除装置从所述塌缩状态膨胀到所述膨胀状态来将单元和托架区段中的至少一者与所述凝块的至少一部分嵌入凝块接收空间中；以及
通过抽出所述凝块移除装置来移除所述凝块的至少一部分。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，还包括：
使用所述一个或多个夹紧单元中的至少一个夹紧单元来夹紧或夹持所述凝块的至少一部分。
19.根据权利要求17所述的方法，所述第三托架区段包括受限的递送构型和至少部分受限的凝块夹紧构型，所述方法包括：
通过所述第三托架区段的至少一部分接合凝块并在从所述膨胀状态移动到所述凝块夹紧构型时夹紧凝块。
20.根据权利要求17所述的方法，还包括：
使所述第一托架区段、所述第二托架区段和所述第三托架区段中的至少一者的远侧端部终止于不连接到相应托架区段的相邻闭合单元的至少一个远侧顶点中；
在所述膨胀状态下以花样方式开放所述至少一个远侧顶点；以及
使所述至少一个远侧顶点在脉管系统的一个或多个分叉中膨胀以移除所述凝块，所述至少一个远侧顶点是以铰接方式连接到所述相应托架区段的至少一个撑条的花瓣或叶构件。
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