CN109906058B - 用于从血管移除闭塞凝块的凝块取回装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种凝块取出装置(1),该凝块取出装置具有在细长轴(6)的远端处构造的凝块接合部分,该凝块接合部分具有包括多个可膨胀区段(26)的外部可膨胀构件(2),以及用于在凝块取出装置(1)在阻塞部位部署后立即恢复通过凝块的血流的内部可膨胀构件(3)。外部构件(2)和内部可膨胀构件(3)包括用于递送的塌缩构型以及用于凝块取出、流动恢复和破碎保护的膨胀构型。近侧不透射线标记物(82)定位在外部构件(2)的支柱(20)的远端处,紧邻两个近侧冠部(81)。这个位置是有利的,因为它表示装置的完全膨胀直径的开始,这是最期望在凝块下部署以最佳地抓持凝块的装置的部分。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及从血管移除急性堵塞物的装置和方法。本发明尤其涉及从血管移除急性阻塞物。急性阻塞物可包括凝块、错位装置、迁移装置、大栓塞等。当部分或全部血栓从血管壁脱离时,发生血栓栓塞。这种凝块(现在称为栓塞)随后沿血流方向运送。如果凝块滞留在大脑脉管系统中,则可能导致缺血性脑卒中。如果凝块起源于静脉系统或心脏右侧并滞留在肺动脉或其分支中,则可能导致肺栓塞。凝块也可不以栓塞的形式释放,而是在局部形成并堵塞血管,这种机制在形成冠状动脉堵塞中较为常见。本发明特别适用于从患有急性缺血性卒中(AIS)的患者的脑动脉、从患有肺栓塞(PE)的患者的肺动脉、从患有心肌梗塞(MI)的患者的冠状动脉或移植血管、以及从其中凝块引起闭塞的其他外周动脉和静脉血管中移除凝块。
背景技术
设计可提供高水平性能的凝块移除装置存在重大挑战:
存在使得难以传送装置的许多进入挑战。在进入涉及导航主动脉弓(诸如冠状动脉或脑堵塞)的情况下,一些患者的弓构型使得难以定位引导导管。这些困难的弓构型被分类为2型或3型主动脉弓,其中3型弓呈现最大的困难。在接近大脑的动脉中,曲折性挑战甚至更严重。例如,在颈内动脉的远端处,装置将不得不在几厘米的血管中快速连续地导航具有180°弯曲、90°弯曲和360°弯曲的血管段并不罕见。在肺栓塞的情况下,可以通过静脉系统并然后通过心脏的右心房和心室获得进入。右心室流出道和肺动脉是脆弱的血管,其很容易被不灵活或高轮廓的装置损坏。由于这些原因,期望凝块取出装置与低轮廓和柔性的进入和支撑导管尽可能兼容。
凝块可能滞留在的区域中的脉管系统通常是脆弱且纤弱的。例如,神经血管比身体其他部位的类似尺寸的血管更纤弱并且位于软组织床中。施加在这些血管上的过大拉力可能导致穿孔和出血。肺血管大于脑血管系统的血管,但其性质也很纤弱,特别是那些更远侧血管。
凝块可以包括一系列形态和一致性中的任何一种。较软凝块材料的长线束可能倾向于在分叉处或三叉形处停留,导致多个血管同时在显著长度上被遮挡。更加成熟和有组织的凝块材料可能比较软的较新鲜凝块更不可压缩,并且在血压的作用下,它可以使它所滞留在的顺应血管膨胀。此外,发明人已经发现了凝块的性质可以通过与其相互作用的装置的作用而显著改变。具体地,血凝块的压缩导致凝块脱水并导致凝块硬度和摩擦系数的显著增加。
凝块不仅可以在形状和一致性方面变化,而且在长度方面也可以很大地变化,甚至在解剖结构的任何一个给定区域中也是如此。例如,遮挡缺血性中风患者的大脑中动脉的凝块的长度范围可以从几毫米到几厘米不等。
支架状凝块取回器越来越多地用于从急性中风患者的脑血管中移除凝块。这些是自膨胀装置,其外观类似于附接到长轴端部的支架,并且通过微导管前进并跨越凝块阻塞物部署以便捕获和取回它们。它们依靠钉扎机构以便通过将凝块捕获在自膨胀支架状主体与血管壁之间来抓持凝块。这种方法有许多缺点:
支架状凝块取出器依靠其向外径向力(RF)来保持其对凝块的抓持。如果RF太低,则支架状凝块取回器将失去对凝块的抓持,但如果RF太高,则支架状凝块取出器可能损坏血管壁并可能需要过大的力才能撤回。因此,具有足够径向力以处理所有凝块类型的支架状凝块取出器可能导致血管创伤和严重的患者伤害,并且具有适当径向力以保持无创伤的支架状凝块取出器可能无法有效地处理所有凝块类型。
支架状凝块取回器钉扎机构倾向于压缩被捕获的凝块。该压缩力将倾向于使凝块脱水,这进而倾向于增加其摩擦系数,从而使得其更难以从容器中移除。
常规的类似支架的凝块取回器设计由于其支柱元件彼此连接的方式,在弯曲处被置于张紧下时不能很好地保持它们的膨胀形状。这可能导致凝块上的抓持损失,因为支架状凝块取出器在弯曲血管中的弯曲部分附近朝近侧撤回,并且所捕获的凝块可能逃逸。这是因为支架状凝块取回器的支柱在其缩回时被置于张力下。该张力是由于装置与血管之间的摩擦引起的,并且如果施加附加的负荷(诸如由凝块提供的负荷),则该张力增加。在弯曲处,弯曲外侧的支柱被置于比内侧的支柱更高的张力下。为了获得尽可能低的能量状态,支架的外表面朝向弯曲的内表面移动,这降低了支柱中的张力,但也减小了支架状凝块取回器的膨胀直径。
这种方法的另一个缺点是,它依靠钉扎支架状凝块取回器与血管壁之间的凝块,并且因此当通过分支血管或进入大于支架状凝块取回器的完全膨胀直径的血管中时,可能无法有效地抑制凝块。
钉扎支架状凝块取回器与血管壁之间的凝块以便将其从血管移除也导致了在移除凝块时对凝块面的高剪切力,从而可能释放凝块的碎片。如果这些碎片未被装置保持,则它们可能被释放,从而导致远端脉管系统中的进一步阻塞。
当试图移除长凝块时遇到的特殊困难是常规装置可能比凝块本身更短。比凝块更短的装置不太可能在部署时恢复通过闭塞区域的流动,并且因此穿过凝块的压力梯度仍然是其移除的显著障碍。简单地将这种装置制造为更长的可能会使得难以通过曲折的解剖结构进行追踪并且可能对脉管系统造成创伤,从而采取更多的力量来撤回并可能卡住并需要手术移除。
由于包括一些或所有上述限制的许多原因,医生经常需要使用凝块取出装置进行多次通过以便完全移除阻塞性凝块。然而,每次撤回凝块取出装置时,对目标部位的接近都会丢失。因此,有必要重新推进导丝和微导管以接近并重新穿过凝块,并且然后移除导丝并使凝块取出装置推进通过微导管。将导丝和微导管导航至凝块可能需要相当长的时间,尤其是如果血管是曲折的情况下。这种附加的时间和装置操作都添加了患者所暴露于的风险。
对于任何装置需要克服上述挑战以便在移除凝块、恢复血流和促进良好患者结果方面提供高水平的成功。现有装置无法充分解决这些挑战。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供了一种用于从血管移除闭塞凝块的凝块取出装置,所述装置包括:
内部细长主体,其具有塌缩的递送构型和膨胀的部署构型;
外部细长主体,其至少部分地覆盖所述内部细长主体;
所述外部细长主体能够在所述部署构型中膨胀至比所述内部主体的径向范围更大的径向范围以限定凝块接收空间。
在一种情况下,所述装置的径向力分布沿所述装置的长度变化。
本发明还提供了一种用于从血管移除闭塞凝块的凝块取出装置,所述装置包括:
内部细长主体,其具有塌缩的递送构型和膨胀的部署构型;
外部细长主体,其至少部分地覆盖所述内部细长主体;
所述外部细长主体能够在所述部署构型中膨胀至比所述内部主体的径向范围更大的径向范围以限定凝块接收空间;
所述外部细长主体包括多个凝块接收开口和多个凝块接合区域,并且其中所述凝块接合区域在与凝块接合时适于将凝块推向所述凝块接收开口并进入所述外部细长主体与所述内部细长主体之间的接收空间。
在一种情况下,所述外部细长构件包括由支柱和冠部形成的框架,并且其中近侧不透射线标记物位于在近侧邻近近侧冠部的支柱的远端处。
在一个实施方案中,所述外部细长主体包括多个凝块接收开口和多个凝块接合区域。所述凝块接合区域在与凝块接合时可以适于将凝块推向所述凝块接收开口并进入所述外部细长主体与所述内部细长主体之间的接收空间,
在一种情况下,所述装置的远端处的径向力低于所述装置的中间部分处的径向力。
所述装置的远端处的径向力可以低于所述装置的中间部分和近侧部分的径向力。
在一个实施方案中,所述装置包括多个区段,并且一个区段的径向力不同于至少一个其他区段的径向力。所述区段之间的径向力的差异可以小于20%或小于10%。
在一种情况下,所述径向力沿所述装置的长度从近侧到远侧增加。
在另一种情况下,所述径向力沿所述装置的长度从近侧到远侧增加。
在另一种情况下,所述中间区段的径向力大于所述远侧区段的径向力。
在另一种情况下,中间区段的径向力大于所述近侧区段和所述远侧区段的径向力。
在另一种情况下,所述外部主体包括多个区段。
在一种情况下,区段包括具有第一径向力的闭合小室的近侧环,其与具有比所述第一径向力更小的第二径向力的至少一个浮动小室或小叶连接。所述浮动小室或小叶可以包括未连接到相邻远侧区段的远侧顶点。所述第二径向力可以比所述第一径向力低20%至80%或低40%至60%。
在一个实施方案中,所述外部主体的区段的凝块入口开口沿所述装置的长度不同。
在一种情况下,所述装置的近侧区域中的凝块入口开口小于所述装置的远侧区域中的凝块入口开口。
在另一种情况下,所述装置的中间部分中的凝块入口开口小于所述装置的更近侧和/或更远侧区域中的凝块入口开口。
在另一种情况下,所述装置的中间部分中的凝块入口开口大于所述装置的更近侧和/或更远侧区域中的凝块入口开口。
在一个实施方案中,存在沿所述装置的长度的所述凝块入口开口的尺寸的梯度。
在一种情况下,所述梯度从近侧到远侧增加。
在另一种情况下,所述梯度从近侧到远侧减少。
在一些实施方案中,所述内部细长主体是锥形的。所述内部细长主体的锥度可以与所述外部主体中的凝块入口开口的梯度相反。
在本发明的另一个方面中,所述外部细长构件包括由支柱和冠部形成的框架,并且其中近侧不透射线标记物位于在近侧邻近近侧冠部的支柱的远端处。
在一些情况下,所述外部可膨胀构件通过在管中切割槽而形成。
在一些实施方案中,所述外部可膨胀构件是形状记忆材料的激光切割开槽管。
根据本发明,提供了一种用于从血管移除闭塞凝块的凝块取出装置,所述装置包括:
内部细长主体,其具有塌缩的递送构型和膨胀的部署构型;
外部细长主体,其至少部分地覆盖所述内部细长主体;
所述外部细长主体能够在所述部署构型中膨胀至比所述内部主体的径向范围更大的径向范围以限定凝块接收空间;
其中所述外部细长主体包括远端部分;并且
其中所述内部细长主体包括主体部分和远侧部分,所述远端部分在部署构型中朝向所述外部细长主体延伸到比所述主体部分更大的程度,
所述内部细长构件的远端部分和外部细长主体的远端部分一起限定了三维保护结构以基本上防止凝块或凝块碎片从装置向远侧流出。
在本发明的这个方面中,通过在血管内腔中朝向装置的远端提供远侧网或支架区域来降低栓塞风险。在这种情况下,这种支架附接到内部构件或外部构件或两个构件上并且是三维的,因为它具有深度和表面积。结合内部构件和外部构件的支架提供了比单独使用一个构件更有效的过滤器。在一些情况下,纤维或细线用于提供对器件轮廓或可输送性的影响最小的添加的支架。
在一个实施方案中,内部细长主体的远侧部分包括以体积图案构造的多个支柱。
在一种情况下,内部细长主体的远侧部分包括凸起或扩开的支柱框架。
在一个实施方案中,外部细长主体的远端部分包括远侧支柱。在一种情况下,外部细长构件的远端部分的远端支柱构被造成大致圆锥形状。
在一个实施方案中,至少一些支柱包括用于接收纤维的附接点,诸如孔眼。保护结构可以包括提供远侧网的多个纤维。
在一个实施方案中,外部细长主体包括第一整体结构。
在一个实施方案中,内部细长主体包括第二整体结构。
在一种情况下,其中内部细长主体向外部细长主体的近端的近侧延伸。
在一个实施方案中,所述外部细长主体包括多个凝块接收开口和多个凝块接合区域,并且其中所述凝块接合区域在与凝块接合时适于将凝块推向所述凝块接收开口并进入所述外部细长主体与所述内部细长主体之间的接收空间。
外部细长主体的凝块接合区域包括支架开口,凝块接收开口基本上大于支架开口。
在一个实施方案中,外部细长主体包括至少两个纵向间隔开的区段。在区段之间可以设置至少一个铰链。
在另一个方面中,本发明提供了一种从血管移除凝块的方法,所述方法包括:
跨越凝块递送根据本发明的凝块取出装置。
膨胀凝块取出装置以使得至少一部分凝块被纵向推入凝块接收空间中;以及
抑制凝块迁移到内部主体中以便在膨胀的部署构型中允许血液流过内部主体。
本发明还提供了一种用于从血管移除凝块的凝块取出装置,该装置具有塌缩的递送构型和膨胀的部署构型,并且包括:
轴,其在近端与远端之间延伸;和
联接到轴的可膨胀主体,可膨胀主体包括四个纵向间隔的凝块支架区段,所述凝块支架区段被空隙隔开,从而在相邻的凝块支架段之间形成多个凝块入口,其中每个凝块支架区段包括多个闭合小室,其中所述多个凝块支架区段中的每一个的至少一个闭合小室终止于远侧顶点,不与相邻闭合小室连接。
所公开的设计克服了现有机械血栓切除术解决方案的许多缺点。
本文使用各种可互换的术语来描述本发明的那些被构造成与凝块接合的部分,其大体部署在凝块内并与凝块接合。这些术语包括“凝块接合部分”、“可膨胀构件”、“可膨胀主体”、“凝块接合元件”;而术语“细长篮”、“接合篮”和“支架篮”也可以用于描述该装置的该部分。
本发明公开了设计,其中装置的凝块接合部分被构造成在血管中的闭塞凝块内膨胀,使得在接合器膨胀时,膨胀的接合器允许凝块迁移到接合器主体内的接收空间中。通过导管将接合器递送到闭塞部位并定位在凝块内。接合器可在闭塞部位处膨胀并在其膨胀时开始压缩凝块。接合器表面包括入口开口,并且入口开口允许凝块通过使大部分凝块移动通过接合器壁中的入口开口而“脱离”压缩。因为凝块的大部分被推动通过接合器中的入口开口,这使凝块的压缩最小化并因此使得凝块摩擦系数的最终增加最小化。这也减少了凝块区域中的血管上的径向力,这意味着需要较小的力来撤回所捕获的凝块,这进而意味着远侧血管床上的较少血管创伤和较小张力。该装置被构造成使得装置的径向力以小直径强烈作用以与凝块接合并抓持凝块,但以较大直径轻柔地起作用以轻柔地接触血管壁。
可以沿装置长度进一步定制装置的径向力分布。例如,在本发明的装置的一个实施方案中,装置的远端的径向力低于装置的中间部分的径向力。在一个实施方案中,装置的远端的径向力低于装置的中间部分和近侧部分的径向力。在本发明的装置的一个实施方案中,该装置包括多个区段,并且任何区段的径向力可以与相邻区段相同或不同。在这种装置的一个实施方案中,所有区段的径向力是平衡的,使得任何给定区段的径向力与任何其他区段的径向力相差小于20%并更优选小于10%。在这种装置的一个实施方案中,任何给定区段的径向力与相邻区段的径向力相差小于20%并更优选小于10%。在这种装置的一个实施方案中,所有区段的径向力被定制成使得径向力通常沿装置的长度从近侧到远侧减少。在这种装置的一个实施方案中,所有区段的径向力被定制成使得径向力通常沿装置的长度从近侧到远侧增加。在另一个实施方案中,中间区段的径向力大于远侧区段的径向力。在另一个实施方案中,中间区段的径向力大于近侧区段和远侧区段的径向力。
本发明的装置的径向力可以在外部可膨胀构件的每个单独区段内被进一步定制。具体地,外部可膨胀构件的区段可以包括第一径向力的连接闭合小室的近侧环,其与第二径向力的一个或多个浮动小室或小叶连接。这些浮动小室或小叶的特征在于它们的远侧顶点未连接到装置的更远侧部分-而是它们是浮动的或断开的。这允许这些小叶充当陷阱,凝块可以通过该陷阱落入装置的内部接收空间中。它们可以进一步充当陷阱特征,其在装置围绕弯曲和经过分支血管缩回时能够更好地保持打开并与血管壁相关,从而有助于保持任何被困的凝块。在一个实施方案中,第二径向力低于第一径向力。在一个实施方案中,第二径向力比第一径向力低介于20%和80%之间。在优选实施方案中,第二径向力比第一径向力低介于40%和60%之间。
公开了具有双可膨胀构件的设计,其中该装置包括第一内部可膨胀构件和第二外部可膨胀构件,内部构件基本上布置在外部构件的内腔内。内部构件和外部构件的特性可以被彼此独立地定制。内部构件可以具有与外部构件非常不同的径向力。内部构件可以具有与外部构件非常不同的孔隙率水平。内部构件可以具有完全膨胀的直径,该直径与外部构件的直径非常不同。内部构件的长度可以与外部构件的长度不同。内部构件的支柱的形状可以与外部构件的支柱的形状不同。在膨胀构型中,内部构件与外部构件之间可以存在间隙。在塌缩构型中,内部构件与外部构件之间可以存在间隙。内部构件和外部构件中的一者或两者可具有或可都没有沿构件的壁的至少一部分基本上纵向行进的接缝。内部构件和外部构件中的一者或两者可以包括激光切割构件、编织构件、编织构件、挤压构件、拉挤构件。内部构件和外部构件中的一者或两者可以通过包括激光切割步骤、编织步骤、编织步骤、挤出步骤、拉挤成型步骤、电解抛光步骤、热处理步骤的过程来制造。内部构件和外部构件中的一者或两者可以包括锥形部分、喇叭形部分、封闭端部分或封闭中间部分。一个或两个构件可以包括基本上管状或圆柱形的部分。
本发明的内部构件的一个实施方案包括形成大致管状部分的互连支柱框架,其中框架的支柱限定小室或开口,并且所述小室或开口限定构件的孔隙率。该管状部分可以包括不同的小室图案和多种小室形状。在一个实施方案中,围绕通过该装置的任何给定部分的圆周存在至少两个小室。在优选实施方案中,围绕通过该装置的任何给定部分的圆周存在至少三个小室。更多数量的小室将提供更致密和更少孔的结构,其将更能够维持通过软凝块的流动腔,但是以装置灵活性和轮廓为代价。因此,最佳小室数取决于装置部署在的材料的一致性和构件被设计膨胀到的直径。更大的直径可能需要更多数量的小室以保持适当和有效的孔隙率水平。为了获得足够程度的凝块支架,需要小于4.0mm2的小室面积。然而,小于0.5mm2的小室面积可能导致不希望的血液凝固或血栓形成,从而使得该装置难以进行清洁以供再次使用并且可能产生有害的凝块碎片。因此,1.0mm2和3.0mm2之间的小室面积是最优选的。
内部可膨胀构件的膨胀直径在0.75mm和2.5mm之间可能最适合于本发明的神经血管应用。最优选的内部可膨胀构件的膨胀直径在0.75mm和1.75mm之间,具有3或4个小室结构。
通常管状的内部构件的直径可以沿其长度变化。在一个实施方案中,内部构件直径具有大致圆锥形状。在一个实施方案中,内部构件直径从较小的近侧直径逐渐变到较大的远侧直径。在一个实施方案中,内部构件直径从较大的近侧直径逐渐变到较小的远侧直径。在一个实施方案中,内部构件直径从约0.75mm-1.75mm的直径逐渐变到约1.5mm-4.0mm的直径。
这些双可膨胀构件装置具有许多益处。(1)内部构件可以被构造成提供强大的打开力以形成通过凝块的内腔并在部署时立即恢复流动。该流动内腔减少了凝块上的压力梯度,从而使得更容易移除凝块。(2)可以定制内部构件膨胀到的直径以降低再灌注损伤的风险。利用该实施方案,内部构件膨胀至比紧邻闭塞物并在闭塞物远侧的血管的直径显著更小的直径。这种小直径内部构件跨越阻塞产生小流动腔并限制到脑的受影响部分的初始血流。这种受限的血流确保在流动恢复后立即施加到血管的压力低于正常值并且这降低了缺血性血管床中出血的风险。随后通过移除装置和凝块来恢复完全灌注。(3)内部构件可被构造成膨胀到比外篮更小的直径以及比其将要部署在的任何血管的直径更小的直径。这意味着可以在凝块上安全地施加强径向力以打开流动腔,但不需要在血管上施加强径向力。(4)内部构件可以用于支撑通过凝块产生的内腔,从而防止栓塞从凝块释放到所得的快速流动血流中。(5)内部构件可以至少部分地包括支架并且可以在凝块上提供牢固的抓持,以用于使凝块与血管脱离的关键初始步骤,从而使得外篮能够被构造有低径向力。(6)外部构件可以被构造成具有大的入口开口以便跨过外部构件壁推动凝块。另一方面,内部构件可以被构造成防止穿过外部构件壁的凝块的远侧迁移或破碎或栓塞。通过对外部构件进行构造以便促使凝块穿过外部构件壁,该装置可以更有效地使凝块从血管壁上脱离,同时装置还有效地防止凝块材料的损失,其中内部构件具有提供支架的形状和子结构。
外部构件的入口开口可以被进一步定制以满足临床上可能遇到的凝块类型和尺寸的范围。需要大的入口开口以用于将凝块接收到装置的内部接收空间以便安全地捕获凝块,但在试图保持对凝块的牢固抓持时可能是不利的,因为它经过弯曲和分支朝近侧缩回。在一个实施方案中,入口开口可以沿装置的长度不同。在一个实施方案中,装置的近侧区域中的入口开口大于装置的远侧区域中的入口开口。在一个实施方案中,装置的近侧区域中的入口开口小于装置的远侧区域中的入口开口。在一个实施方案中,所述装置的中间部分中的入口开口小于所述装置的更近侧和/或更远侧区域中的入口开口。在一个实施方案中,所述装置的中间部分中的入口开口大于所述装置的更近侧和/或更远侧区域中的入口开口。在一个实施方案中,提供入口开口的梯度。在一个这样的实施方案中,该梯度从近侧到远侧增加,使得当装置缩回时,未能进入较小的更近侧开口的凝块可以被较大的更远侧开口捕获。在一个这样的实施方案中,该梯度从近侧到远侧减小,使得当装置缩回时,进入较大的更近侧开口的任何凝块将不能离开较小的更远侧开口。这种外部构件可以与锥形内部构件组合以进一步辅助凝块复原和捕获,使得通过锥形内部构件的更远侧部分的直径增大,防止通过邻近内部构件的小直径部分的外部构件的大近侧开口进入的凝块沿装置朝远侧迁移。
下面更详细地描述本发明的各种实施方案。在这些描述中,如前所述,可以互换地使用针对装置的每个部分的各种术语。每个所描述的实施方案之后是其他资格的列表(前面带有“其中”一词),以描述前面标题实施方案的更详细版本。意图是这些资格中的任何一个可以与任何标题实施方案组合,但为了保持清晰和简洁,并未列出所有可能的排列。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,治疗装置包括凝块取出装置,其包括:细长构件,以及可膨胀凝块接合元件,其被构造成在其膨胀状态下延伸穿过凝块,所述可膨胀凝块接合元件包括第一整体结构和第二整体结构,第一整体结构在其长度的至少一部分上环绕第二整体结构,第二整体结构包括近侧部分、中间部分和远侧部分,远侧部分包括膨胀部。
该实施方案的一些任选特征包括:
其中第一整体结构被构造成基本上包封第二整体结构;
其中第一整体结构包括近侧部分、中间部分和远侧部分,远侧部分包括封闭的远端;
其中凝块接合元件的远端包括封闭的远端,所述封闭的远端被构造成捕获凝块碎片和/或防止凝块碎片的朝远侧迁移;
其中膨胀部被构造为防止凝块碎片迁移;
其中所述第一整体结构的远端包括封闭的远端,所述封闭的远端限定表面,所述表面被构造为凝块碎片屏障表面;
其中凝块碎片屏障表面包括互连的支柱网络;
其中凝块接合元件的远侧部分被构造成向凝块迁移提供三维屏障;
其中所述装置还包括细长连接器元件,所述细长连接器元件包括近端和远端,所述近端连接到所述第二整体结构,并且所述远端连接到所述第一整体结构;
其中细长连接器元件包括弹簧元件,并且所述弹簧元件与第二整体结构一体形成;
其中第一整体结构和第二整体结构在其远端处连接;
其中第一整体结构和第二整体结构未在其远端处连接;和/或
其中所述第一和第二整体结构的近侧部分连接到细长构件的远端。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,治疗装置包括凝块取出装置,其包括:细长构件,以及可膨胀凝块接合元件,其被构造成在其膨胀状态下延伸穿过凝块,所述可膨胀凝块接合元件包括近侧区段、凝块接合区段和远侧区段,所述近侧区段被构造成在使用中向凝块的近侧延伸,并且所述远端被构造成在使用中向所述凝块的远侧延伸,所述凝块接合区段被构造成在其膨胀状态下与凝块接合,所述远端包括碎片保护结构,所述碎片保护结构包括以体积图案构型的多个支柱。
该实施方案的一些任选特征包括:
其中体积图案至少部分地包括圆锥形体积图案;
其中体积图案至少部分地包括圆柱形体积图案;
其中体积图案包括至少一个多互连支柱;其中体积图案包括至少两个多互连支柱;其中所述体积图案包括围绕第一轴线布置的第一多个支柱和围绕第二轴线布置的第二多个支柱;
其中第一轴线的位置可相对于第二线的位置移动;
其中第一轴线和第二轴线包括中心线,并且在使用中,所述中心线可以包括直的和/或弯曲的中心线;
其中所述中心线相对于彼此可偏转;
其中体积图案包括终端;
其中所述终端包括用于所述多个支柱中的至少一些的终端接头部;
其中所述终端包括连接点,所述多个支柱在所述连接点处终止和/或连接;
其中体积图案包括第一多个支柱和第二多个支柱;
其中第二多个支柱至少部分地被第一多个支柱包围;
其中第二多个支柱环绕第一多个支柱;
其中第一多个支柱围绕第一轴线布置并且第二多个支柱围绕第二轴线布置,并且所述第一轴线和第二轴线基本上平行;
其中第一多个支柱围绕第一轴线布置并且第二多个支柱围绕第二轴线布置,并且所述第一轴线和第二轴线基本上平行;
其中所述第一多个支柱包括圆锥形状;和/或
其中所述第二多个支柱包括球形、扁平球形、圆柱形或锭形圆环形。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,治疗装置包括凝块取出装置,其包括:细长构件,以及包括第一管状结构和第二管状结构的可膨胀凝块接合元件,所述第一管状结构至少部分地环绕所述第二管状结构,所述第一管状结构包括近端、远端、近侧终端和远侧终端,所述第二管状结构包括近端、远端、近侧终端和远侧终端,第一和第二管状结构的近侧终端连接到细长构件,并且第一和第二管状结构的远侧终端彼此连接。
该实施方案的一些任选特征包括:
其中第一管状结构和第二管状结构包括互连支柱的整体结构;
其中第一管状结构和第二管状结构包括纵向延伸的结构;
其中第一管状结构和第二管状结构都包括塌缩的输送构型和膨胀的部署构型,并且第一管状结构在膨胀构型和塌缩构型中至少部分地环绕第二管状结构;
其中第一管状结构和第二管状结构中的一者或两者包括近侧套环以用于将第一管状结构和第二管状结构中的一者或两者连接到细长构件的远端;
其中所述至少一个近侧套环包括部分套环;和/或
其中所述至少一个近侧套环从海波管切割并环绕所述细长构件的远端的至少一部分。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,治疗装置包括凝块取出装置,其包括:细长构件,以及包括第一管状结构和第二管状结构的可膨胀凝块接合元件,所述第一管状结构至少部分地环绕所述第二管状结构,所述第一管状结构和所述第二管状结构在连接点处连接到细长构件的远端,所述第一管状结构包括第一近端连接支柱和第一连接器元件,所述第二管状结构包括第二近端连接支柱和第二连接器元件,所述第一连接器元件在连接点处环绕第二连接器元件。
该实施方案的一些任选特征包括:
其中第一连接器包括套环;
其中第二连接器包括套环或部分套环;和/或
其中所述细长构件包括远侧安全止动件,所述远侧安全止动件被构造成防止第一连接器和/或第二连接器的远侧运动。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,治疗装置包括凝块取出装置,其包括:细长构件,以及可膨胀凝块接合元件,其被构造成在其膨胀状态下延伸穿过凝块,所述可膨胀凝块接合元件包括第一腔结构和第二腔结构,所述第一腔结构的直径大于所述第二腔结构的直径,所述第一腔结构的远端包括朝向第一腔结构的轴线会聚的多个支柱,所述第二腔结构的远端包括远离所述第二腔结构的轴线发散的多个支柱。
该实施方案的一些任选特征包括:
其中所述第一腔结构和第二腔结构的远端被构造成形成三维凝块碎片迁移屏障;
其中所述第二腔结构的远端还包括弯曲区域,其中所述多个支柱的切线基本上平行于所述第二腔结构的轴线;
其中所述第二腔结构的远端还包括会聚区域,其中所述多个支柱在所述第二腔结构的轴线上会聚;
其中所述第二腔结构的远端还包括第二远侧接头部,其中所述多个支柱终止;
其中所述第一腔结构的远端还包括第一远侧接头部,其中所述多个支柱终止;
其中第一远侧接头部位于第二远侧接头部的远侧;和/或
其中所述第一远侧接头部通过连接器元件连接到所述第二远端接
头部。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,治疗装置包括凝块取出装置,其包括:细长构件,以及包括塌缩的递送状态和膨胀的凝块接合状态的凝块接合元件,所述凝块接合元件被构造成在其膨胀状态下延伸穿过凝块,所述凝块接合元件包括近侧部分、中间部分和远侧部分,所述中间部分包括腔结构并且远端部分包括膨胀区域。
该实施方案的一些任选特征包括:
其中膨胀区域的直径在膨胀状态下大于中间区段的直径;
其中凝块接合元件包括以整体结构连接的多个支柱;
其中膨胀区域包括发散区域和会聚区域;
其中膨胀区域包括发散区域与会聚区域之间的弯曲点;
其中膨胀区域与中间部分是一体的;
其中所述膨胀区域包括过渡部分,所述过渡部分包括将所述膨胀区域连接到所述中间部分的多个支柱;
其中膨胀区域包括锥形远端;
其中所述装置包括连接到所述膨胀区域的远端的细长构件;和/或
其中在膨胀状态下,所述腔结构被构造成限定穿过凝块的流动腔。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,治疗设备包括用于从血管移除凝块的装置,所述装置包括:细长构件;以及可膨胀凝块接合元件,其被构造成在其膨胀状态下延伸穿过凝块,所述可膨胀凝块接合元件包括第一腔结构和第二腔结构,第一腔结构的直径大于所述第二腔结构并且环绕第二腔结构的至少一部分,第二腔结构在其远端处包括凝块捕获结构,所述凝块捕获结构包括喇叭形部分。
该实施方案的一些任选特征包括:
其中凝块捕获结构包括多个支柱和被构造成过滤器的至少一个纤维;
其中在膨胀状态下,凝块捕获结构的至少一部分的直径类似于血管的直径;
其中在膨胀状态下,凝块捕获结构的至少一部分的直径大于第二腔结构的直径;和/或
其中在膨胀状态下,凝块捕获结构的至少一部分的直径类似于第一腔结构的直径。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,治疗设备包括凝块取出装置,所述凝块取出装置包括细长构件、第一可膨胀构件和第二可膨胀构件;两个可膨胀构件具有近侧部分、主体部分和远侧部分,处于自由膨胀状态的第一可膨胀构件的主体部分的直径大于处于自由膨胀状态的第二可膨胀构件的主体部分的直径,并且第一可膨胀构件的近侧部分位于第二可膨胀构件的近侧部分的远侧。
该实施方案的一些任选特征包括:
其中第一可膨胀构件的远侧部分包括凝块捕获结构;
其中第二可膨胀构件的远侧部分包括凝块捕获结构;
其中凝块捕获结构包括多个支柱;
其中凝块捕获结构包括多个支柱和被构造成过滤器的至少一个纤维;
其中第一可膨胀构件的近端连接到细长轴的远侧部分;
其中第一可膨胀构件的近端连接到第二可膨胀构件;
其中第二可膨胀构件的近端连接到细长轴的远侧部分;
其中第一可膨胀构件的远端未连接到第二可膨胀构件的远端;
其中第一可膨胀构件的远端连接到第二可膨胀构件的远端;
其中处于自由膨胀状态的第二可膨胀构件的主体部分小于处于自由膨胀状态的第一可膨胀构件的主体部分的直径的50%;
其中处于自由膨胀状态的第二可膨胀构件的主体部分小于处于自由膨胀状态的第一可膨胀构件的主体部分的直径的40%;
其中处于自由膨胀状态的第二可膨胀构件的主体部分小于处于自由膨胀状态的第一可膨胀构件的主体部分的直径的30%;和/或
其中处于自由膨胀状态的第二可膨胀构件的主体部分小于处于自由膨胀状态的第一可膨胀构件的主体部分的直径的20%。
还提供了一种使用凝块取出装置从血管取出凝块的方法,所述凝块取出装置包括可膨胀主体和细长轴,所述方法包括:通过微导管将装置到递送到目标部位,缩回微导管以将装置至少部分地部署在凝块内或凝块下方,使凝块构件的近侧部分在凝块的近侧部分内膨胀至比血管的直径更小的直径,使凝块远侧的可膨胀构件的远端部分膨胀到与血管的直径基本上相等的直径,朝近侧撤回装置和凝块并将两者从患者移除。
该实施方案的一些任选特征包括:
其中所述可膨胀主体包括内部可膨胀构件和外部可膨胀构件;
其中内部可膨胀构件的膨胀直径小于外部可膨胀构件的膨胀直径;
其中所述内部可膨胀构件的至少一部分在所述外部可膨胀构件的至少一部分内延伸;
其中所述内部可膨胀构件的至少一部分向所述外部可膨胀构件的近侧延伸;
其中可膨胀主体的远侧部分包括凝块捕获结构;其中凝块捕获结构连接到内部可膨胀构件;
其中凝块捕获结构连接到外部可膨胀构件;和/或其中细长轴在使用中延伸到患者体外。
附图说明
参考附图,根据下文对本发明仅以举例的方式给出的一些实施方案的描述,将更清楚地理解本发明,其中:
图1a示出了本发明的凝块取出装置的侧视图;
图1b示出了本发明的凝块取出装置的侧视图;
图1c示出了图1a的一部分的详细视图;
图2a示出了本发明的凝块取出装置的部件的视图;
图2b示出了本发明的凝块取出装置的部件的视图;
图2c示出了处于其未膨胀状态的本发明的凝块取出装置的部件的视图;
图2d示出了图2c的近侧部分的细节图;
图3a示出了本发明的凝块取出装置的部件的视图;
图3b示出了处于其未膨胀状态的本发明的凝块取出装置的部件的视图;
图3c示出了图2c的一部分的详细视图;
图4a至4f示出了使用本发明的装置的方法中的各个步骤;
图5示出了本发明的凝块取出装置的侧视图;
图6示出了本发明的凝块取出装置的侧视图;并且
图7示出了本发明的凝块取出装置的侧视图。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图详细描述本发明的具体实施方案,其中相同的参考标号表示相同或功能性相似的元件。术语“远侧”或“近侧”用于下文有关相对于治疗医师的位置或方向的描述。“远侧”或“朝远侧”是远离医师或在远离医师方向的位置。“近侧”或“朝近侧”或“在近侧”是靠近医师或在朝向医师方向的位置。
进入脑血管、冠状血管和肺血管涉及使用许多可商购获得的产品和常规的程序步骤。进入产品诸如导丝、引导导管、血管造影导管和微导管在别处描述,并且常用于导管实验室程序中。在下文的描述中假定这些产品和方法与本发明的装置和方法结合使用,并且不需要详细描述。
以下具体实施方式本质上仅仅是示例性的,并不旨在限制本发明或本发明的应用和用途。虽然本发明的描述在许多情况下是在治疗颅内动脉的情况下进行的,但本发明也可用于如前文所述的其他身体通道中。
许多公开设计的共同主题是双层结构,其中装置包括:外部可膨胀构件,在该外部可膨胀构件内延伸有内部可膨胀构件,两个构件直接或间接连接到细长轴;以及远侧网或支架,其在装置的远端处被构造成防止凝块碎片的逃逸。该远侧网可以附加到轴、内部或外部构件或其中的几个。如本文件中所述,为这些元件中的每一个设想了一系列设计,并且这些元件中的任何一个都可以与任何其他元件结合使用,但为了避免重复,它们不会以任何可能的组合示出。
内部和外部可膨胀构件都由从高度应变递送构型释放后能够自动恢复其形状的材料制成。超弹性材料诸如镍钛诺或类似性质的合金是特别合适的。该材料可为多种形式,诸如线状或条状或片状或管状。特别合适的制造工艺是激光切割镍钛诺管,然后对所得结构进行热定形和电抛光,以形成撑条和连接元件的框架。该框架可为如本文所公开的大量形状中的任何一种,并且可通过添加合金元素(诸如铂)或者通过各种其他涂层或标记带而在荧光镜透视检查下可见。
在一些情况下,内部可膨胀构件可以形成大致管状结构,并且理想地被构造成膨胀到比其意图用于的最小血管的直径更小的直径。在大体为非锥形的内部构件的情况下,该直径通常小于外部可膨胀构件的直径的50%,并且可以低至外部构件直径的20%或更小。
图1a和图1b示出了本发明的凝块取出装置的一个实施方案的略微不同的角度和定向的视图。凝块取回装置1具有细长轴6,该细长轴具有在动脉内部延伸的远端和在动脉外部延伸的近端;在细长轴6的远端处构造的凝块接合部分,其具有包括多个可膨胀区段26的外部可膨胀构件2,以及用于在凝块取出装置1部署在阻塞部位后立即恢复通过凝块的血流的内部可膨胀构件3。外部构件2和内部可膨胀构件3包括用于递送的塌缩构型以及用于凝块取出、流动恢复和破碎保护的膨胀构型。在一个实施方案中,内部可膨胀构件包括大致管状的主体部分。外部构件2包括多个入口开口22,凝块可以通过该入口开口进入设置在外部和内部可膨胀构件之间的内部接收空间11。外部可膨胀构件2和内部可膨胀构件3在近侧接头12处连接到细长轴6。该装置还包括在远侧可膨胀区段28的远端处附接到远侧关节9的远侧尖端8。内部可膨胀构件的远侧部分在远侧关节9处结合到外部可膨胀构件的远侧部分。
远侧可膨胀区段28的封闭端防止已经进入内部构件与外部构件之间的接收空间11的凝块或凝块碎片的流出。内部构件的膨胀远侧支柱10与外部构件2的闭合远端结合用作另外的三维过滤器以便进一步防止凝块或凝块碎片的流出。在某些实施方案中,该远侧区段可以包括纤维附接点(诸如孔眼87或其他纤维附接特征),并且纤维可在这些附接点处连接到远侧区段以形成远侧网。
内部构件和外部构件优选地由超弹性或伪弹性材料制成,诸如镍钛诺或具有高可恢复应变的另一种这样的合金。轴6可以是锥形线轴,并且可以由不锈钢、MP35N、镍钛诺或具有适当高模量和拉伸强度的其他材料制成。轴6具有邻近其远端并在外部构件2和内部可膨胀构件3的近侧的线圈4。该线圈4可以是金属的,并且可以由不锈钢或更不透射线材料(例如铂或金或这样材料的合金)形成。在另一个实施方案中,线圈4可以涂覆有低摩擦材料或者具有位于线圈外表面上的聚合物护套。
图1c示出了图1a中由虚线椭圆83突出显示的装置区域的近距离视图。近侧不透射线标记物82定位在外部构件2的支柱20的远端处,紧邻两个近侧冠部81。这个位置是有利的,因为它表示装置的完全膨胀直径的开始(如图1b中可以更清楚地看到的),这是最期望在凝块下部署以最佳地抓持凝块的装置部分。因此,这些标记物82可以用于向医生指示相对于凝块部署装置以获得最佳结果的位置。还参考图2d,将这些标记物82定位在冠部81的近侧提供了更大的空间以使这些标记物尽可能大(并因此可见)。如果定位在冠部81的远侧,则标记物将与支柱44和51竞争空间(当在微导管内塌缩时)并且因此需要做得非常小以避免损害装置的轮廓或可传递性。
图2a示出了外部构件2的平面图并且图2b示出了该外部构件2的正视图。外部构件2包括散布有入口开口22并终止于远侧可膨胀篮段28的多个可膨胀区段26。近侧支柱20在其近端处连接到套环12并且在其远端处连接到第一可膨胀区段26。近侧支柱20可具有锥形轮廓以确保从轴6到装置的凝块接合部分的逐渐刚性过渡。每个可膨胀区段26通过双连接臂29连接到其远侧的区段,该双连接臂从近侧接合部39行进到远侧接合部40。在一个实施方案中,这些连接臂包括平行于装置的中心轴线延伸的大致直的支柱。在其他实施方案中,这些连接臂可以包括构型在一个或多个小室中的多个支柱,或者可以包括弯曲或螺旋臂。因此,这些连接臂29用作铰链元件,其允许装置在可膨胀区段之间弯曲而在不损害区段保持膨胀并与血管壁良好并列的能力。每个邻近的可膨胀区段之间的区域包括一对入口22,凝块可以通过该入口并进入由内部构件与外部构件之间的区域限定的接收空间11。入口22提供了以下附加的好处:允许外部构件2在缩回时沿基本上平行于凝块从容器中拉出的方向(即基本上平行于容器的中心轴线)的方向向凝块施加力。这意味着施加到脉管系统的向外径向力可以保持最小,这进而意味着凝块取出装置1对凝块的作用不会用于增加从血管中移出凝块所需的力,从而保护脆弱的脑血管免受有害的径向力和拉伸力。在一个实施方案中,每个可膨胀区段之间的连接臂29基本上彼此对准,而在另一个实施方案中,第一对可膨胀区段之间的连接臂可以与第二对成90°定位。
每个可膨胀区段26包括连接的支柱84的近侧环和多个远侧“小叶”85。每个小叶包括终止于远侧冠部86的一对支柱,没有其他元件连接到该远侧冠部。支柱84的连接环为区段提供径向力以在部署处于凝块下时打开和膨胀。小叶85能够偏转(如活板门)以允许凝块滑动到入口开口22中。小叶和铰链元件29的组合允许装置保持其膨胀的形状并且在装置围绕弯曲和经过分支血管缩回时保持与血管壁接触。在该塌缩过程期间,小叶起到防止凝块从装置中逸出、关闭活板门并轻接触血管壁的作用。
一个或多个可膨胀构件可以包括标记带或不透射线特征,诸如金或铂标记物或线圈。在该实施方案中,示出了三个不透射线标记物25固定在远侧可膨胀构件28的孔眼87中。金标记物被定位以向使用者指示外部构件的筒部分的远端以辅助部署的准确性。
图2c示出了处于其未膨胀状态(诸如当其被保持在例如微导管的内腔中时)的外部可膨胀构件的展视图。在一个实施方案中,外部可膨胀构件通过激光切割(或类似的材料移除过程)槽并从管中移除材料而由管形成。在一个实施方案中,该管具有非常小的直径-远小于外部可膨胀构件的膨胀直径的直径,并且理想地小于装置被设计成递送通过的微导管的内腔(直径)。这种装置在其未膨胀状态下具有类似于图2c的图案的展开切割图案。从这种小管径切割会产生严重的制造挑战,但它具有显著的优点,因为它允许装置的远端容易地形成圆锥形“捕获篮”形状,并且它允许近侧套环12包括将配合在微导管内腔中的圆柱体并且可以非常牢固地结合到细长轴6。
图2d示出了图2c所示的展开视图的近侧部分的近距离视图。近侧不透射线标记物82位于支柱20的远端处的孔眼88内,紧邻两个近侧冠部81。这个位置是有利的,因为它表示装置的完全膨胀直径的开始,这是装置的最期望部署处于凝块下以最佳地抓持凝块的部分。因此,这些标记物可以用于向医生指示相对于凝块部署装置以获得最佳结果的位置。
其他商业上可获得的装置上的标记物通常位于旨在部署在凝块下方的装置的区域的近侧、远侧或区域内,并因此用于指示装置的位置而未向用户提供关于装置的最佳定位的有用信息。发明人已经对相对于凝块部署这种装置的理想位置进行了广泛的研究,并且已经发现将装置的“工作长度”的近侧边缘与凝块的近侧面对准获得了最佳的管道再造结果。因此,这些标记物82位于该“工作长度”的近侧边缘处,这是包括凝块支架区域和凝块入口并在不受约束时膨胀到最大直径的装置的长度。
图3a示出了内部可膨胀构件3的侧视图。内部可膨胀构件3包括用于递送的塌缩构型以及用于流动恢复和破碎保护的膨胀构型。内部可膨胀构件3可以包括弹性或超弹性或形状记忆金属结构,并且还可以包括抛光表面(诸如电抛光表面)。内部可膨胀构件3被构造成提供通过装置1的流动内腔以便有助于在展开时立即恢复通过凝块的血流。在一个实施方案中,内部可膨胀构件3被构造成支撑通过凝块的所述流动内腔以防止碎片释放,否则碎片可能滞留在远侧脉管系统中。内部可膨胀构件3包括互连支柱31的大致圆柱形部分,其在其近端处通过支柱34连接到部分套环13。内部可膨胀构件3的远端由可膨胀部分构成,该膨胀部分由膨胀支柱10形成,该膨胀支柱的直径大于内部可膨胀构件3的主体部分的直径。这些膨胀支柱连接到线圈部分18,在该实施方案中,该线圈部分是从管道激光切割的,内部可膨胀构件3也是在处理期间从该管道切割的。内部可膨胀构件3上的线圈18的远端通过粘合剂粘结到外部构件2的远侧套环。
外部构件2和内部可膨胀构件3在其组装期间在近端和远端处结合以最小化使用期间在构件内的张力,外部构件2的长度应该与自由膨胀构型和加载构型下的内部可膨胀构件3的长度基本相同。内部可膨胀构件3的膨胀支柱10在装载期间伸长,使得当完全装载在微导管中时内部构件和外部构件的长度相等。当装置部署在小血管中时或在装载或部署期间,内部可膨胀构件3与外部构件2之间的长度差异仍然可能发生。在内部可膨胀构件3的远端处的线圈18可以通过拉伸来适应较小长度差异,而不会对装置施加显著的拉伸力或压缩力。在另一个实施方案中,该线圈可以与内部可膨胀构件3分开形成并然后组装到其上。线圈可以由不锈钢材料、聚合物或更不透射线金属(例如金或铂或这样材料的合金)形成。线圈也可以用纵向长度的弹性材料代替,诸如低模量聚合物或弹性体。
图3b示出了处于其未膨胀状态(诸如当其被保持在例如微导管的内腔中时)的内部可膨胀构件3的展开视图。在一个实施方案中,内部可膨胀构件通过激光切割(或类似的材料移除过程)槽并从管中移除材料而由管形成。在一个实施方案中,该管具有非常小的直径-远小于其膨胀直径的直径,并且理想地小于装置被设计成递送通过的微导管的内腔(直径)。这种装置在其未膨胀状态下具有类似于图3b的图案的展开切割图案。
图3c示出了由椭圆89突出显示的图3b的区域的细节图。在该近距离视图中,可以看到内部构件的每个小室终止于与连接器元件91附接的冠部90。然后,这些连接器元件中的每一个在第一冠部92处发散成另一对支柱元件。然后,每对的这些支柱元件中的一个在第二冠部93处与相邻的一对支柱元件中的一个会合并与其结合。该图案沿构件的主体继续以在圆周周围保持恒定数量的小室元件。为了增加圆周周围的小室数量(例如,为了进一步降低某一部分的孔隙率),需要改变图案。这通过采用一对支柱元件94并使每个支柱发散成另一对短支柱元件95来实现。因此,四个短支柱元件95形成,并且邻近短支柱元件会聚以及在冠部96处连接,而其他短支柱元件97在冠部99处连接到相邻的长支柱98。
图4a-4f示出了使用本发明的装置的方法。将导丝103和微导管102插入动脉100中,并且使用常规已知的技术将其推进穿过阻塞性凝块101。当将微导管102定位在闭塞凝块101的远侧时,将导丝103从动脉100移除,以允许凝块取回装置110被推进穿过微导管102。装置110在微导管102内以塌缩构型推进,直到装置110的近侧不透射线标记物(图4c中未示出)在荧光检查下与凝块101的近端边缘105对准。
微导管102缩回,同时装置110的位置保持静止,以使跨过凝块101部署凝块取出装置110。在部署时,装置110的远端120优选地定位在凝块101的远侧。装置110膨胀,使得外部构件121与闭塞凝块接合以有助于从血管中取出凝块,并且内管状构件122膨胀以提供流动通道以便通过闭塞凝块101以受控方式恢复到闭塞远侧的脉管系统的血液流动。内部通道122还可以接合凝块101以便提供对滞留物的附加抓握。如果需要,可以允许装置110在凝块101内保留一段时间,因为已经通过内管状构件122恢复了受控流动。图4e还示出了在从微导管102部署装置之后,近侧不透射线标记物123与凝块的近侧边缘105对准。
缩回装置110使凝块101从其在动脉100中的位置移出,并且进一步撤回装置取回凝块101,直到它可以被取回到引导导管或引导器护套130中。图4f示出了在取回到引导导管130期间与装置110接合的凝块140。凝块140部分地位于装置110的入口开口141中,并且还部分地位于由内部构件与外部构件之间的区域限定的接收空间142中。凝块碎片143被示为捕获在装置110的远端中,其中外部构件144的封闭端和内部构件145的膨胀支柱已经防止碎片释放在血流中。在凝块取回过程中可使用血流闭塞、抽吸和其他标准技术。装置110可在盐水中冲洗并且轻轻地清洁,然后重新装载到插入工具(未示出)中。如果需要,可将装置110重新引入微导管中,以重新部署在闭塞凝块的其他区段中。
图5示出了本发明的凝块取出装置200的侧视图,该凝块取出装置在设计和结构上与图1的装置1类似,但具有不同的外部构件设计。外部构件201包括由一系列入口开口203分开的一系列可膨胀区段202。在该实施方案中,入口开口的尺寸沿装置的长度增加,使得近侧入口开口最小并且最远侧入口开口最大。在其他实施方案中,入口开口的尺寸和位置可能以其他方式变化,例如交替小/大或随机设置尺寸。该装置还包括内部可膨胀构件204,其类似于本文向前描述的其他内部可膨胀构件。
图6示出了本发明的另一个凝块取出装置250的侧视图,该凝块取出装置类似于图5的装置200,但没有内部可膨胀构件。在该实施方案中,外部构件252的入口开口251的尺寸沿装置的长度尺寸减小,使得近侧入口开口253最大并且最远侧开口254最小。在其他实施方案中,入口开口的尺寸和位置可能以其他方式变化,例如交替小/大或随机设置尺寸。
图7示出了本发明的另一个凝块取出装置280的侧视图,该凝块取出装置类似于图1的装置1。在该实施方案中,外部构件的入口开口的尺寸沿装置的长度尺寸减小,使得近侧入口开口281最大并且最远侧入口开口282最小。内部可膨胀构件283大体是管状的并且从近侧的小直径逐渐变到远侧的较大直径。减小入口开口尺寸和增加内部构件直径的这种组合意味着进入装置的近侧入口开口的血栓或凝块复原并防止朝远侧迁移通过装置并从更远侧的开口逸出。在所示的实施方案中,外部构件284的直径在与内部构件的直径相反的方向上逐渐变细,使得近侧可膨胀区段285的直径大于相邻区段286。这允许装置很好地适应典型动脉血管的自然远侧锥形。在另一个实施方案中,外部构件的主体的直径可以是大体恒定的。在另一个实施方案中,外部构件的主体可以在相反方向上逐渐变细,其中最远侧区段的直径最大以便在装置向近端缩回到越来越大的血管中时提针对供远侧栓塞的最佳保护。
根据以上描述将显而易见的是,虽然已经图示并描述了本发明的具体实施方案,但是可在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的情况下进行各种修改。例如,虽然本文描述的实施方案涉及具体特征结构,但是本发明包括具有不同特征结构的组合的实施方案。本发明还包括不包括所描述的所有特定特征结构的实施方案。
本发明不限于上文描述的实施方案,这些实施方案的构型和细节可变化。
Claims (19)
1.一种用于从血管移除闭塞凝块的凝块取出装置,所述装置包括:
锥形的内部细长主体,所述内部细长主体具有塌缩的递送构型和膨胀的部署构型;
外部细长主体,所述外部细长主体至少部分地覆盖所述内部细长主体;
所述外部细长主体能够膨胀至比在所述部署构型中的所述内部细长主体的径向范围更大的径向范围以限定凝块接收空间;
所述外部细长主体包括多个凝块接收开口和多个凝块接合区域,并且其中所述凝块接合区域在与凝块接合时适于将凝块推向所述凝块接收开口并进入所述外部细长主体与所述内部细长主体之间的接收空间,
其中所述外部细长主体中的凝块入口开口的尺寸沿所述装置的长度存在梯度,所述梯度与所述内部细长主体的锥形的方向相反;以及
其中所述装置的径向力分布沿所述装置的长度变化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述装置的远端处的径向力低于所述装置的中间部分处的径向力。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述装置的远端处的径向力低于所述装置的中间部分和近侧部分的径向力。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述装置包括多个区段,并且一个区段的径向力不同于至少一个其他区段的径向力。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置,其中所述区段之间的径向力的差异小于20%。
6.根据权利要求4所述的装置,其中所述径向力沿所述装置的长度从近侧到远侧增加。
7.根据权利要求4所述的装置,其中所述径向力沿所述装置的长度从近侧到远侧减少。
8.根据权利要求4所述的装置,其中所述多个区段中的中间区段的径向力大于所述多个区段中的远侧区段的径向力。
9.根据权利要求4所述的装置,其中所述多个区段中的中间区段的径向力大于所述多个区段中的近侧区段和远侧区段的径向力。
10.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述外部细长主体包括多个区段,其中区段包括具有第一径向力的闭合小室的近侧环,其与具有比所述第一径向力更小的第二径向力的至少一个浮动小室或小叶连接。
11.根据权利要求10所述的装置,其中所述浮动小室或小叶包括未连接到相邻远侧区段的远侧顶点。
12.根据权利要求10所述的装置,其中所述第二径向力比所述第一径向力低20%至80%。
13.根据权利要求10所述的装置,其中所述外部细长主体的所述区段的凝块入口开口沿所述装置的长度不同,其中所述装置的近侧区域中的凝块入口开口小于所述装置的远侧区域中的凝块入口开口。
14.根据权利要求10所述的装置,其中所述外部细长主体的所述区段的凝块入口开口沿所述装置的长度不同,其中所述装置的中间部分中的凝块入口开口小于所述装置的更近侧和/或更远侧区域中的凝块入口开口。
15.根据权利要求10所述的装置,其中所述外部细长主体的所述区段的凝块入口开口沿所述装置的长度不同,其中所述装置的中间部分中的凝块入口开口大于所述装置的更近侧和/或更远侧区域中的凝块入口开口。
16.根据权利要求10所述的装置,其中存在沿所述装置的长度的凝块入口开口的尺寸的梯度,其中所述梯度从近侧到远侧增加。
17.根据权利要求10所述的装置,其中存在沿所述装置的长度的凝块入口开口的尺寸的梯度,其中所述梯度从近侧到远侧减少。
18.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述外部细长主体包括由支柱和冠部形成的框架,并且其中近侧不透射线标记物位于在近侧邻近近侧冠部的支柱的远端处。
19.一种用于从血管移除闭塞凝块的凝块取出装置,所述装置包括:
锥形的内部细长主体,所述内部细长主体具有塌缩的递送构型和膨胀的部署构型;
外部细长主体,所述外部细长主体至少部分地覆盖所述内部细长主体;
所述外部细长主体能够膨胀至比在所述部署构型中的所述内部细长主体的径向范围更大的径向范围以限定凝块接收空间;
所述外部细长主体包括多个凝块接收开口和多个凝块接合区域,并且其中所述凝块接合区域在与凝块接合时适于将凝块推向所述凝块接收开口并进入所述外部细长主体与所述内部细长主体之间的接收空间,
其中所述外部细长主体包括由支柱和冠部形成的框架,并且其中近侧不透射线标记物位于在近侧邻近近侧冠部的支柱的远端处;以及
其中所述外部细长主体中的凝块入口开口的尺寸沿所述装置的长度存在梯度,所述梯度与所述内部细长主体的锥形的方向相反。
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BR112019004484A2 (pt) | 2019-05-28 |
EP3509509A2 (en) | 2019-07-17 |
JP7046924B2 (ja) | 2022-04-04 |
WO2018046408A3 (en) | 2018-05-11 |
JP2019526365A (ja) | 2019-09-19 |
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