CN108366844B - 牙科附件放置结构 - Google Patents

牙科附件放置结构 Download PDF

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CN108366844B
CN108366844B CN201680072519.8A CN201680072519A CN108366844B CN 108366844 B CN108366844 B CN 108366844B CN 201680072519 A CN201680072519 A CN 201680072519A CN 108366844 B CN108366844 B CN 108366844B
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attachment
accessory
dental
tooth
placement
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CN108366844A (zh
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P·韦伯
R·基穆拉
李春华
S·卡扎
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Align Technology Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A61C7/12—Brackets; Arch wires; Combinations thereof; Accessories therefor
    • A61C7/14—Brackets; Fixing brackets to teeth
    • A61C7/146—Positioning or placement of brackets; Tools therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A61C7/002—Orthodontic computer assisted systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A61C7/08—Mouthpiece-type retainers or positioners, e.g. for both the lower and upper arch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/40—Structures for supporting 3D objects during manufacture and intended to be sacrificed after completion thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
    • A61C13/0006—Production methods
    • A61C13/0013—Production methods using stereolithographic techniques
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/753—Medical equipment; Accessories therefor
    • B29L2031/7532—Artificial members, protheses
    • B29L2031/7536—Artificial teeth

Abstract

本公开提供了具有牙科附件放置结构的方法、计算装置可读介质、装置和系统。一种牙科附件放置设备包括本体，该本体具有待放置于牙齿的附件贴附表面上的附件放置表面，并且其中所述附件放置表面包括一部分，该部分被成形为允许附件放置于牙齿的贴附表面上的特定位置处，并且所述本体的一部分的轮廓被成形为与牙齿的对齐表面的轮廓相对应，并且当所述本体的轮廓与所述对应的轮廓对齐时，所述附件位于所述特定位置处并且能固定至牙齿的贴附表面。

Description

牙科附件放置结构
背景技术
本公开提供了在牙科治疗之前或期间利用牙科附件放置结构的方法、计算装置可读介质、装置和系统。牙科治疗涉及修复手术和/或正畸手术以改善患者的生活质量。
例如，修复手术可以被设计成在患者的口腔内植入牙修复体(例如，牙冠、牙桥、牙嵌体、牙套、牙贴面等)。正畸手术可以包括重新定位未对齐的牙齿和/或改变咬合构型以使其具有改善的外观和/或牙齿功能。例如可以通过在一段时间内对患者的一颗或多颗牙齿或者颚部(jaw)施加受控力来实现正畸重新定位。
例如，可以通过使用定位器具来重新对齐牙齿的牙科过程来提供正畸重新定位。这样的器具可以利用具有弹性特性的材料的外壳(称为“矫正器”)，其通常符合患者牙齿，但与当前的牙齿构型略微不对齐。
将这种器具放置在牙齿上可以在特定位置提供受控力以逐渐将牙齿移动成新的构型。用具有渐进构型的连续器具重复该过程可以通过一系列中间布置将牙齿移动到最终期望的布置。器具也可以用于其他牙科状况，例如药物施加、帮助睡眠呼吸暂停的器具以及其他问题。
附件(通常通过例如附接复合材料的粘合材料)固定在患者的一颗或多颗牙齿上或直接固化到牙齿上。这些附件与器具上的表面相互作用，以在一颗或多颗牙齿上施加力。
这样的系统通常利用一组可以连续使用的器具，从而随着牙齿移动，可以应用来自于该组中的新器具来进一步移动牙齿，而无需在每次递增的牙齿移动时获取患者牙齿的新印模来制造每个连续的器具。相同的附件可以与连续的器具一起使用，或者附件可被其他附件形状添加、移除或替换，这可施加与先前的器具和附件组合(即，器具和一个或多个附件)不同的力特性。
目前，附件可以由治疗专业人员(例如，医生或助理)手动形成。在该过程中，治疗专业人员选择要使用的附件材料(attachment material)并将材料插入到形成于片材中的孔口(well)中，以给治疗专业人员提供附件的所需外部形状，并且混合的附件材料被推入孔口中以基于孔口的形状形成附件。
然后将附件从孔口中取出，然后戴到牙齿上并固化。放入模板上的附件孔口中的附件材料的混合以及附件复合物的量是不受控的，因此可能产生误差。
附件在牙齿上的绝对位置也会遭受用户误差。当发生这种情况时，附件相对于器具上的接触表面的位置和/或定向之间的不匹配可能会使得器具难以使用或不可能使用和/或使得器具效率降低(通过附件和器具的组合施加的一个或多个力的减少)或提供不正确的效果(附件的位置和/或定向提供与所预期不同的力特性)。
因此，附件的定位、定向和固定通常由牙医或正牙医生办公室的治疗专业人员完成。然而，治疗专业人员在混合、形成、定位、定向或固定一个或多个附件时可能会产生一个或多个误差，因此，器具和附件组合可能无法正确配合或施加正确的一个或多个力。
附图说明
图1A示出了根据本公开的多个实施例的用于放置附件的牙科附件放置结构的前视图。
图1B示出了图1A的牙科附件放置结构的后视图。
图1C示出了放置于患者牙齿上的图1A和图1B的牙科附件放置结构的前视图。
图1D示出了利用图1A和图1B的牙科附件放置结构而被附接至患者牙齿的牙科附件的前视图。
图2示出了根据本公开的多个实施例的具有设置在牙科附件放置结构上的多个附件放置部件的牙科附件放置结构的前视图。
图3A示出了根据本公开的多个实施例的用于蚀刻(etch)牙齿的牙科附件放置结构的前视图。
图3B示出了图3A的牙科附件放置结构的后视图。
图3C示出了已利用图3A和图3B的牙科附件放置结构蚀刻的患者牙齿的蚀刻区域的前视图。
图4示出了根据本公开的多个实施例的具有设置在牙科附件放置结构上的多个附件放置部件的牙科附件放置结构的前视图。
图5A示出了根据本公开的多个实施例的用于蚀刻牙齿的另一牙科附件放置结构的前视图。
图5B示出了利用图5A的牙科附件放置结构附接到患者牙齿的牙科附件的前视图。
图6A示出了根据本公开的多个实施例的用于蚀刻牙齿的另一牙科附件放置结构的前视图。
图6B示出了利用图6A的牙科附件放置结构附接到患者的多颗牙齿的多个牙科附件的前视图。
图7A示出了根据本公开的多个实施例的用于蚀刻牙齿的另一牙科附件放置结构的前视图。
图7B示出了利用图7A的牙科附件放置结构附接到患者牙齿的牙科附件的前视图。
图8示出根据本公开的一个或多个实施例可以使用的计算装置。
具体实施方式
本公开提供了具有牙科附件放置结构的方法、计算装置可读介质、装置和系统。这种解决方案应使混合、形成、定位、定向和固定附件更容易且更快速，并且可以使患者的体验比使用过去的手术更好。
一种牙科附件放置设备包括具有附件放置表面的本体，该附件放置表面将被放置在牙齿的附件贴附表面上，并且其中附件放置表面包括一部分，该部分被成形为允许附件放置在牙齿的贴附表面上的特定位置处，且本体的一部分具有一轮廓，该轮廓被成形为与牙齿的对齐表面的轮廓相对应，当该本体的轮廓与所对应的轮廓对齐时，该附件被定位于特定位置处并且能被固定到牙齿的贴附表面。
在本公开中，参考形成本公开一部分的附图，这些附图中通过图示的方式示出了如何实施本公开的一个或多个实施例。这些实施例描述得足够详细，以使本领域的普通技术人员能够实践本公开的实施例，并且应该理解，可以利用其他实施例，并且在不背离本公开范围的前提下可以做出过程、电气和/或结构方面的改变。
当在本文中使用时，特别是与附图中的附图标记相关的指示符“M”、“N”、“P”、“R”、“S”、“T”和“V”表示可以包括如此标记的任何数量的特定特征。当在本文中使用时，“一些(anumber of)”特定事物可以指代一个或多个这样的事物(例如，一些牙齿可以指代一颗或多颗牙齿)。
本文中的附图遵循如下的编号惯例：其中第一位数字对应于图号，而其余位数字标识附图中的元件或部件。不同图之间的相似元件或部件可以通过使用相似的数字来识别。例如，101可以表示图1A中的元件“01”，而在图3A中类似的元件可以表示为301。
如将理解的，可以添加、更换和/或去除本文各个实施例中示出的元件，从而提供本公开的多个附加实施例。另外，如将理解的，附图中提供的元件的比例和相对比例旨在说明本公开的某些实施例，而不应被视为具有限制意义。
图1A示出了根据本公开的多个实施例的用于放置附件的牙科附件放置结构的前视图。在图1A的实施例中，设备100包括本体101，该本体的至少一个表面被成形为符合牙齿外表面的一个或多个轮廓。在图1A的实施例的情况下，本体具有多个表面(部分的内表面102-1和102-2)，每个表面被成形为符合牙齿外表面的多个轮廓，其他表面将在图1B中更详细地讨论。
本体101还包括附件安装结构104，该附件安装结构包括附件106、允许将附件106放置在牙齿表面上的孔110、以及多个支撑件108。图1A中所示的结构允许治疗专业人员将设备100放置在患者牙齿上，以在将附件106固定到牙齿表面期间为附件106提供与先前的技术相比相对于牙齿表面更精确的位置和定向。
附件的固定可以以任何合适的方式完成。例如，附件可以例如通过使用光源(诸如紫外(UV)光源)固化到牙齿表面，光源将附件材料直接结合到牙齿表面。在一些实施例中，可以将粘合剂材料施加到附件的后侧，并且可以使用粘合剂将附件固定到牙齿表面。
在各种实施例中，设备可以被设计成其一个表面的形状符合牙齿外表面的一个或多个轮廓(例如，符合牙齿前表面的一部分的表面)，使得当两个表面对齐时，它们的轮廓匹配，由此向治疗专业人员指示该设备已被正确放置。
这种正确的放置可以是关于设备相对于牙齿在一个或多个维度上的放置(例如相对于将被施加附件的牙齿表面的上、下、右、左、旋转等)。如果设备正确放置，则附件也将相对于牙齿表面正确放置。
当在本文中使用时，“定位”是将附件定位在牙齿表面上的特定点处，而“定向”是附件以不改变其在牙齿表面上的位置的方式的移动(例如，附件围绕轴线的旋转或附件在一个或多个方向上不改变其在牙齿表面上的位置的移动)。例如，附件可以定位在牙齿表面上的特定点处，然后可以通过例如平行于牙齿表面或沿着与牙齿表面垂直的轴线旋转附件来定向附件。其他旋转角度也可用于在不改变附件的位置的情况下定向附件。
在图1A和图1B的实施例中，该设备包括许多表面，这许多表面被成形为符合多颗牙齿的许多外表面的许多轮廓(例如，前表面、侧表面、边缘表面、后表面的一个或多个轮廓等)。
一般来说，使用的表面越多，附件相对于牙齿的定位和/或定向就越精确，可以达到期望的正确位置。而且，当附接多个附件时，这些表面可用于使这些附件相对于彼此精确地定位和定向。
一旦将附件放置在牙齿上，附件就必须固定到牙齿上，并且必须移除设备。在一些实施例中(例如图1A和图1B中所示的)，该设备可以包括将附件连接到本体的一个或多个支撑件。
在这样的实施例中，一个或多个支撑件可以由允许支撑材料108与附件106的材料分开的材料制成。例如，支撑件可以由可在支撑件与附件相连接的位置处或附近破裂的材料制成。
在一些实施例中，支撑件与附件之间的附接可以通过释放剂(诸如化学的、热的、湿式或其他类型的释放剂)被释放。例如，释放剂可以溶解支撑件和/或附件的一部分以使支撑件和/或附件相对于彼此释放。
在各种实施例中，支撑件和附件可以由相同的材料制成，但是支撑件的结构可以为使得它可以在一个点(point)处破裂以使其与附件断开。可以使用任何合适的技术来实现支撑件和/或附件材料的破裂或释放，以从附件释放支撑件。
例如，支撑结构可以包括窄部分，该窄部分有利于在该位置处破裂。在另一个实施例中，支撑结构可以包括刻痕部分，该刻痕部分有利于在该位置处破裂。
在各种实施例中，附件可以机械地安装至支撑件，使得一旦附件被固定至牙齿的表面，附件就可以从支撑件释放。这可以通过任何合适的可释放的附件结构来完成。例如，一种合适的结构是位于每个支撑件上的凹槽和附件表面上的相应的配合凸缘，所述配合凸缘可以从凹槽滑出以从支撑件释放附件。
图1B示出了图1A的牙科附件放置结构的后视图。在该视图中，示出了本体101的后侧，包括附件安装结构104的后侧，该附件安装结构包括附件106和支撑件108，并且示出了本体101的部分的两个内表面102-1和102-2，每个内表面均被成形为符合牙齿外表面的多个轮廓。
当在本文中使用时，成形为符合牙齿外表面(即，对齐表面)的轮廓的表面可用于将附件精确定位和/或定向在牙齿上。例如，如果设备的表面被成形为符合牙齿的前表面的轮廓(例如，图1A中所示的表面102-1)，则当设备被压靠在牙齿的前表面上以使得牙齿和设备的轮廓彼此对应时，该附件关于附件的背侧与牙齿的表面所成的角度将被正确地定向。
在图1B所示的视图中，示出了比在图1A的视图中可见的更多的被成形为符合牙齿的外表面的多个轮廓的表面。如上所述，如果使用另一个表面，例如，侧表面112-1，则可以在附件的定位和定向方面更精确地实现附件的放置。
例如，当侧面112-1沿着牙齿的相应侧面被定位成使得它们的轮廓对齐时，则附件应当距牙齿侧面正确距离，并且将相对于附件的后侧与牙齿的表面所成的角度被正确定向。
当利用更多的表面时，可以进一步精确附件的定位和/或定向。例如，本体101包括第一牙齿的侧表面112-1、112-3以及第二牙齿的侧表面116-1和116-3。本体101还包括被成形为符合牙齿上的牙龈线的表面112-M和116-N，以及符合牙齿的底部边缘(和/或牙齿的前侧和/或后侧的底部)的表面112-2和116-2。
另外，图1B的实施例包括符合第一牙齿的后侧的部分114和符合第二牙齿的后侧的另一部分118。这种表面与其他表面的结合使用也可以允许使用牙齿的角部(corner)来帮助附件的定位和/或定向。例如，设备可以滑到牙齿上，直到牙齿的底部边缘接触设备的底部边缘112-2。当设备的前表面、侧面、角部和底部与其相应的牙齿表面对齐时，附件可以非常精确地被放置在其预期的牙齿表面上。
图1C示出了定位于患者牙齿上的图1A和图1B的牙科附件放置结构的前视图。在图1C的视图中，示出了患者的几颗牙齿和牙龈，包括牙齿134-1、134-2、134-3和134-R。设备100已经放置在其中两颗牙齿(134-2和134-3)上，使得部分的内表面102-1和102-2被放置成分别与牙齿表面136-1和136-2接触。
图1D示出了利用图1A和图1B的牙科附件放置结构附接至患者牙齿的牙科附件的前视图。通过图1A和图1B中所示的附件安装结构已实现所得的放置。
以这种方式，当与将附接至附件的牙科器具组合时，附件106已经被正确地定位在牙齿134-2的表面136-1上并且被定向成使得其能够向患者牙齿(例如，134-1、134-2、134-3、134-R和/或患者的其他牙齿)提供期望的力。
在诸如图1A-图1C所示的一些实施例中，附件和/或牙科附件放置结构可以通过直接制造法(例如经由三维(3D)打印机)来制造。这可能是有益的，因为治疗专业人员可以在他们的位置而不是在制造工厂打印这些部件。此外，在直接打印时这些部件不需要在牙模周围形成，这可以节省制造成本，因为在创建这种模型和从模型中移除部件时花费更少的时间、材料和员工时间。
直接制造还允许设计更容易和便利地改变，因为可以通过计算装置更改设计并且从存储在计算装置上的存储器中或连接的网络或存储器中的修改后的设计直接打印。此外，除其他的益处之外，直接制造允许制造不同材料的部件，而无需对可在制造工厂处使用的装备进行实质性改变。
例如，牙科附件放置设备可以通过使用三维打印设备用附件材料打印出附件以及使用三维打印设备打印牙科附件放置结构而形成，该牙科附件放置结构连接到附件以将附件保持在特定位置中。在一些实施例中，牙科附件放置结构和附件可以由相同的材料制造。材料例如包括：聚合物，诸如聚酯、共聚酯、聚碳酸酯、热塑性聚氨酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚乙烯共聚物、丙烯酸类、环嵌段共聚物、聚醚醚酮、聚酰胺、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚醚酰亚胺、聚醚砜、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯或它们的组合，其可用于制造诸如矫正器的牙科器具，或可用于将正畸矫治器附接到牙齿或形成正畸结构的可固化复合物(例如树脂材料)。
在一些实施例中，牙科附件放置结构可以用不同于附件材料的第二材料制成。例如，附件可以用复合材料制成，而牙科附件放置结构可以用聚合物(诸如上面讨论的那些)制成。在一些实施例中，附件和牙科附件放置结构可以被构造成使得它们彼此连接。如本文所讨论的，该连接可被设计为待切开、破坏或以其他方式释放，以在附件被定位在牙齿上时允许移除牙科附件放置结构。
如本文所讨论的，直接制造的另一个益处在于，可以用将与一颗或多颗牙齿的相应表面配合的表面来制造用于将附件附接到牙齿和/或将附件相对于一颗或多颗牙齿定位的一个或多个表面，以实现这些功能(附接和/或附件的定位)。这可以通过这些表面的虚拟设计来实现，然后使用这些虚拟设计直接制造附件和/或牙科附件放置结构。
图2示出了根据本公开的多个实施例的牙科附件放置结构的前视图，在该结构上设置有多个附件放置部件。在图2的实施例中，设备240的本体201具有附件安装结构，该附件安装结构具有孔232-1，且附件206-1被放置在该孔中。通过使用设备240，附件处于用于固定至牙齿234-1的表面236-3的期望位置和定向中。
附件206-2、206-3、206-4和206-S也被定位于牙齿234-2的表面236-1、牙齿234-3的表面236-2和牙齿234-R的表面236-T上的孔232-2、232-3、232-4和232-V中。在这样的实施例中，一颗或多颗牙齿可以具有贴附在其上的多个附件。
为了节省制造时间和材料成本，该设备可以包括多个附件位置，并且在任何给定时间仅一些附件位置可以被使用。在这样的应用中，设备240可以例如用于在一个时间点贴附附件206-2，并且可以再次用于在不同的时间将206-S附接在孔232-V处或者将一附件附接在设备上的一个或多个其他位置处(例如，孔232-1、232-2和/或232-3)。
图2的实施例的另一个特征是，为了节省制造时间和材料成本，可以使用具有较少材料的设备。在这样的实施例中，设备可以被设计成使得使用减少量的或最小量的材料以便将附件适当地定位在期望的位置处。
此外，在以前的概念中，治疗专业人员可能只能有权使用少数标准化的附件形状。以这种方式，根据标准化附件可提供的有限力，治疗选项可能受到限制。如果需要任何其他附件形状，治疗专业人员可以用锉来锉(file)或者研磨附件表面以改变其形状，但是治疗计划不会将这些修改考虑在内，因此实际结果将与治疗计划结果不同。这导致为了获得正确的形状而花费额外时间、不能正确适配或发挥功能的畸形附件以及其他问题。
虽然本公开的实施例可用于形成这样的标准化附件，但由于该设备可被制造成与特定患者牙齿定位一起使用，因此也可设计专用附件并且专用附件可供治疗专业人员使用。
这种专用化还可以包括例如，附件的尺寸、附件的形状以及其他合适的专用特性。相应地，基于这样的实施例的使用，患者将能够获得更加定制化的治疗。这可以使得设备对于患者是专用的，但对于例如可能没有附件设计技能或能力的治疗专业人员来说并不麻烦。
在一些实施例中，治疗专业人员还可以选择一种或多种附件材料或附件类型和/或选择它们应该应用的位置。这样的实施例可以允许设备的进一步定制化并且可以在形成附件模板的制造时将其纳入考虑。此外，在各种实施例中，可以针对治疗计划的一组器具中的每个器具(或针对多个器具)进行该定制化。
在一些实施例中，可以使用计算装置(诸如下面关于图8描述的计算装置)来创建治疗计划，从而以递增方式移动患者牙齿以改善它们在患者口腔内的位置。除其他类型的器具外，还可以创建其他牙科器具来帮助患有睡眠呼吸暂停的患者或帮助患者进行药物输送。
计算装置可以用于创建这样的装置或模具以制造这样的牙科器具、附件和/或附件放置结构。在一些实施例中，可以使用计算装置虚拟地建模(model)这样的牙科器具、附件和/或附件放置结构。
例如，通过使用治疗计划和/或虚拟建模，牙科器具(例如，用于对齐患者牙齿或颚部的矫正器)或附件放置结构例如可通过将一片塑料在物理牙模上热成型而制造。例如，物理牙模可以代表患者牙齿要移动到的增量位置，并且可以包括形成在模具中的附件形状。
以这种方式，(当完成的牙科器具被放置在具有实际附件的患者口中时)牙科器具的一个或多个表面可以与一个或多个附件的一个或多个表面接合。通过使附件位于模具上，牙科器具形成有与附件相互作用的表面。
例如，可以通过将计算机辅助设计(CAD)虚拟牙齿模型下载到快速原型加工过程(例如计算机辅助制造(CAM)磨削、立体平版印刷和/或光刻工艺)来制造物理牙模。
可以从患者的多颗牙齿和/或颚部的虚拟模型中创建牙模(例如，模制牙齿组和/或颚部)。例如，虚拟模型可以包括初始虚拟牙齿模型和/或中间虚拟牙齿模型(其中患者牙齿已经相对于其实际物理位置移动)。可以根据例如识别患者、治疗计划的阶段、多颗牙齿和/或颚部的虚拟模型和/或牙模是否是上牙弓和/或下牙弓的独特治疗档案来制成牙科模具。
在一些计算装置系统过程中，可以通过快速原型加工设备机器或直接制造装置(诸如SLA或3D打印机)来访问治疗档案以形成和/或创建牙模。如上所述，牙模的结果可以包括一组模制牙齿。
该组模制牙齿可以包括至少患者的多颗牙齿的复制品，但是也可以包括其他特征，例如牙龈和颚结构等等。如上所述，可以使用牙模来制造牙科器具，例如通过使用聚合物材料片并在牙模上真空成形片材而创建对牙模的阴印模(negative impression)。
例如，牙科器具或附件放置结构可以通过在牙模上层叠热成形材料片和/或一种或多种材料的多个片来形成。例如，材料可以包括聚合物材料。
通常，通过加热聚合物热成形片并在牙模(例如多个模制牙齿)上真空或压力成形片材来制造和/或形成牙科器具或附件放置结构。牙科器具或附件放置结构可以例如包括牙模的阴印模。这种模制技术可用于形成牙科器具和附件放置结构。
图3A和图3B示出了可用于将附件放置在牙齿表面上的另一设备实施例。图3A示出了根据本公开的多个实施例的用于蚀刻牙齿的牙科附件放置结构的前视图。图3B示出了图3A的牙科附件放置结构的后视图。
在一些情况下，准备用于将牙科附件粘附到其上的牙齿表面可能是有益的。如果只在待附接附件的区域处发生牙齿表面的准备，那是理想的。
这种准备可以包括蚀刻牙齿的表面，这改善牙齿表面与附件或用于将附件粘附到牙齿上的粘合剂材料之间的粘附。在诸如图3A、图3B和图4所示的实施例中，牙科附件放置结构可以被用作蚀刻掩模，该蚀刻掩模允许在待放置附件的区域中发生蚀刻，而不蚀刻未处在附件区域处的其他表面。
类似于图1A的设备，在图3A的实施例中，设备320包括本体301，该本体的至少一个表面被成形为符合牙齿外表面的一个或多个轮廓。本体具有多个表面302-1和302-2，每个表面被成形为符合牙齿外表面的多个轮廓，将在图3B中更详细地讨论其他表面。
在图3A的实施例中，本体301包括形成在部分302-1中的孔324。该孔324具有特定形状322，当设备320被正确地放置在牙齿上时，该特定形状322将允许对附件区域(即，附件将被附接到的区域)进行蚀刻而不蚀刻牙齿的其他区域。图3A中所示的结构允许治疗专业人员将设备320放置在患者牙齿上以提供掩模，以便与先前的技术相比，在相对于牙齿表面用于放置附件的更精确的位置和定向中进行蚀刻(例如，孔324的形状将适合于诸如图1C中所示的附件(106))。
类似于图1B，图3B中所示的实施例包括多个表面，这些表面可用于辅助蚀刻掩模相对于将固定有附件的牙齿的预期表面的对齐。例如，一个或多个表面：312-1、312-2、312-3、312-M、314、316-1、316-2、316-3、316-N、318和/或部分的内表面302-1和/或302-2可以用在本公开的各种实施例中。
在这样的实施例中，可以用蚀刻材料蚀刻牙齿的表面，蚀刻材料例如可以由治疗专业人员通过孔324刷到牙齿的表面上。在图3A和图3B的实施例中，孔324的形状322的尺寸和形状被设定为与待放置在牙齿上的附件一样大或比待放置在牙齿上的附件略大或小。然而，在一些实施例中，孔的尺寸和/或形状可以不同于待放置在牙齿中的附件的表面。
当被成形为类似于待放置在牙齿中的附件的表面时，治疗专业人员可以将附件的形状与蚀刻区域的形状对齐，以使得附件相对于牙齿表面处于正确位置以及在正确定向中。虽然示出了特定的附件形状和孔形状，但是在本公开的实施例中可以使用任何合适的附件形状和对应的孔形状。
本示例还包括本体的一部分(例如，表面212-1、212-2、212-3、212-M和/或202-1的内表面)具有被成形为与牙齿的对齐表面(例如，前表面、后表面、侧表面、边缘表面等)的轮廓相对应的轮廓，并且当本体的轮廓和对应轮廓对齐时，蚀刻区域位于特定位置处。
在另一个示例性实施例中，牙科附件放置设备包括具有附件安装结构的本体。该本体还包括表面(例如，表面212-1、212-2、212-3、212-M和/或202-1的内表面)，该表面具有成形为与牙齿的对齐表面(例如，前表面、后表面、侧表面、边缘表面等)的轮廓相对应的轮廓，并且当本体的轮廓和牙齿的对应轮廓对齐时，牙科附件(在被放置在附件安装结构中时)相对于牙齿外表面位于特定位置处。
在一些实施例中，本体包括被成形为与第二牙齿的对齐表面的轮廓相对应的至少第二表面(例如102-2的内表面)。此外，本体可以包括用于将第二牙科附件附接到第二牙齿(例如434-3)的外表面的第二附件安装结构(例如，如图3所示，332-1和332-P)。
另一个示例性实施例提供了一种牙科附件放置设备，其具有包括附件安装结构的本体，该附件安装结构具有孔，该孔允许附件穿过本体放置且放置到牙齿外表面上。所述本体还包括表面，该表面具有成形为与牙齿的对齐表面的轮廓相对应的轮廓，并且当本体的轮廓和牙齿的对应轮廓对齐时，牙科附件(在被放置在孔中时)相对于牙齿外表面位于特定位置处。
如图1B和图2B所示，在一些实施例中，本体包括多个表面，所述表面具有成形为与牙齿的多个对齐表面的轮廓相对应的轮廓。在一些这样的实施例中，当本体的轮廓和牙齿的对应轮廓对齐时，它们在附件固定期间将设备抵靠牙齿摩擦地保持在适当位置。例如，当附件被放置和/或固定时，102-1的内表面和内表面114可与牙齿的相应表面接合以将设备保持在适当位置。这可为有益的，因为例如在附件处于待固定或正在固定的位置时其可以允许治疗专业人员使用双手来处理其他任务。
在一些实施例中，本体可以包括多个附件安装结构，每个附件安装结构都具有孔，该孔允许附件穿过本体放置并放置到牙齿外表面上。例如，在图4所示的实施例中，设备401包括多个附件安装结构，每个附件安装结构均具有孔(例如432-4和432-V)，允许附件(406-2和406-S)穿过本体放置并放置到牙齿434-R的外表面436-T上。图3C示出了已利用图3A和图3B的牙科附件放置结构被蚀刻的患者牙齿的蚀刻区域的前视图。已经通过图3A和图3B所示的附件安装结构完成所得到的蚀刻区域306。
以这种方式，可以在对于固定附件而言足够大但并非不必要地大的区域处蚀刻牙齿表面。而且，以这种方式，当与将附接到该附件的牙科器具相组合时，附件可以被正确地定位在牙齿334-3的表面上并且定向成使得它可以向患者牙齿(例如，334-1、334-2、334-3、334-R和/或患者的其他牙齿)提供期望的力。
图4示出了根据本公开的多个实施例的牙科附件放置结构的前视图，多个附件放置部件设置在该结构上。在图4的实施例中，设备440的本体401具有附件安装结构，该附件安装结构包括多个孔432-1、432-2、432-3、432-4和432-V，其可用于蚀刻表面436-1、436-2、436-3和436-T上的牙齿434-1、434-2、434-3、434-R的部分。
为了节省制造时间和材料成本，该设备可以包括多个蚀刻位置，并且在任何给定时间仅一些蚀刻位置可以被使用。在这样的应用中，设备440可以例如用于在一个时间点蚀刻牙齿上的一位置，并且可以再次用于在另一个时间点蚀刻牙齿上的另一个位置。
类似于图2的实施例，图4的实施例的另一个特征是为了节省制造时间和材料成本，可以使用具有较少材料的设备。在这样的实施例中，该设备可以被设计为使得使用减少量或最小量的材料以便在期望的位置处适当地蚀刻牙齿的表面。
图5A示出了根据本公开的多个实施例的用于蚀刻牙齿的另一种牙科附件放置结构的前视图。图5A的实施例类似于图3A的实施例。
在图5A的实施例中，设备520包括本体501，该本体的至少一个表面被成形为符合牙齿外表面的一个或多个轮廓。该本体具有多个表面502-1和502-2，每个表面均被成形为符合牙齿外表面的多个轮廓。一些实施例可以具有与图3B所示的那些类似的一个或多个其他表面，以帮助牙科附件放置结构与牙齿对齐。在图5A的示例中，表面502-1被定位在牙齿表面535-1上并且表面502-2被定位在牙齿表面535-2上。
在图5A所示的实施例中，牙科附件放置结构允许牙齿的表面通过孔被蚀刻。蚀刻区域用574示出。邻近孔的是可释放部分570。
可释放部分可以通过任何合适的释放机构被释放。例如，可以在本体501中切割一系列孔，以允许将部分570从本体501的其余部分撕掉。这可以允许牙科附件放置结构也被用作引导件，该引导件用于将待放置的附件放置在正确位置。
例如，一旦该区域如图5A所示被蚀刻，则可以将附件固定到蚀刻区域。如果附件的一表面被成形为符合孔的形状，那么孔的边缘可用作用于附件的正确定位的引导件。一旦被固定，可释放部分570可被移除并且本体501的其余部分可从牙齿移除，而附件保持附接到牙齿表面535-1。
图5B示出了利用图5A的牙科附件放置结构附接到患者牙齿的牙科附件的前视图。该图包括第一牙齿的牙齿表面535-1和第二牙齿的牙齿表面535-2，以及安装在表面535-1上的附件506。
从该图可以看出，附件506以与蚀刻区域574相同的位置和方向被定位和定向在牙齿表面535-1上，从而允许附件506更好地粘附到牙齿表面535-1。这是因为附件在其被定位在牙齿表面535-1和535-2上时被放置在本体501的孔中，然后在附件506粘附到蚀刻区域574之后被移除。
图6A示出了根据本公开的多个实施例的用于蚀刻牙齿的另一个牙科附件放置结构的前视图。图6A示出了其中牙齿附件放置结构的本体601具有不完全包围待蚀刻区域的孔的实施例。在这样的实施例中，本体可以用作用于蚀刻什么区域(例如，区域674-1和674-2)的引导件，并且用作放置一个或多个附件(例如，606-1和606-2)、但是一旦附件已经固定到牙齿表面(例如635-1和/或635-2)也允许移除本体601的引导件。
例如，图6B示出利用图6A的牙科附件放置结构附接到患者的多颗牙齿的多个牙科附件的前视图。该图包括第一牙齿的牙齿表面635-1和第二牙齿的牙齿表面635-2，以及分别安装在表面635-1和635-2上的附件606-1和606-2。
从图6B可以看出，附件606-1和606-2以与蚀刻区域674-1和674-2相同的位置和方向被定位和定向在牙齿表面635-1和635-2上，从而允许附件606-1和606-2更好地粘附到牙齿表面635-1和635-2。这是因为附件在其被定位在牙齿表面635-1和635-2上时被放置在本体601的孔中，然后在附件606-1和606-2粘附至蚀刻区域674-1和674-2之后被移除。
图7A示出了根据本公开的多个实施例的用于蚀刻牙齿的另一个牙科附件放置结构的前视图。图7A的实施例类似于图5A的实施例。
在图7A的实施例中，设备720包括本体701，该本体的至少一个表面被成形为符合牙齿外表面的一个或多个轮廓。该本体具有多个表面702-1和702-2，每个表面被成形为符合牙齿外表面的多个轮廓。
如同在此讨论的其他实施例一样，一些实施例可以具有与图3B中的那些类似的一个或多个其他表面，以帮助牙科附件放置结构与牙齿对齐。在图7A的示例中，表面702-1定位在牙齿表面735-1上，并且表面702-2定位在牙齿表面735-2上，以帮助牙科附件放置结构相对于将被附接附件的牙齿定位和/或定向，以及因而将附件相对于牙齿定位和/或定向。
在图7A所示的实施例中，牙科附件放置结构允许通过孔蚀刻牙齿表面。蚀刻区域用774示出。邻近孔的是可移除部分770。
可移除部分可以通过任何合适的机构保持在适当的位置。例如，可移除部分可以被成形为类似于拼图块，该可移除部分基于具有不规则形状的可移除部分770以特定定向与本体701的其余部分配合。当在本文中使用时，不规则形状是只能以一种方式与本体501的其余部分定位的形状，以使得孔具有用于蚀刻和/或定位于其中的附件的期望形状。这可以允许牙科附件放置结构用于牙齿表面的蚀刻和/或用作引导件，该引导件用于将待放置的附件放置在正确位置。
例如，如图7A所示，一旦该区域被蚀刻，附件可以被固定到蚀刻区域。如果附件的一表面被成形为符合孔的形状，则该孔的边缘可用作附件的正确定位的引导件。一旦被固定，可移除部分770可被移除并且本体701的其余部分可从牙齿移除，同时附件保持附接至牙齿表面735-1。
在一些实施例中，可移除部分的边缘和本体上的与可移除部分的边缘相对应的边缘可以是倾斜的，使得当可移除部分被定位到本体的其余部分中时，该可移除部分可以被保持在适当位置。这可以使治疗专业人员能够使用他们的手做其他事情，而无需用手将可移除部分保持在适当位置。
而且，在诸如图7A中所示的实施例中，设备可以被定位成完成蚀刻(在可移除部分在适当位置的情况下)。一旦蚀刻材料已被施加，可移除部分就可以被移除。然后，可移除部分可以与本体的其余部分重新定位，以将附件固定至牙齿。一旦附件被固定至牙齿，可移除部分可以再次被移除，以允许移除用于患者口腔的设备而不必将设备的一部分拉过附件。
图7B示出了利用图7A的牙科附件放置结构附接到患者牙齿的牙科附件的前视图。该图包括第一牙齿的牙齿表面735-1和第二牙齿的牙齿表面735-2，以及安装在表面735-1上的附件706。
如该图所示，附件706以与蚀刻区域774相同的位置和方向被定位和定向在牙齿表面735-1上，由此允许附件706更好地粘附到牙齿表面735-1上。如同图5A和图5B的实施例，这是因为附件在其被定位在牙齿表面735-1和775-2上时被放置在本体701的孔中，然后在附件706被粘附到蚀刻区域774之后被去除。
如可以通过对这些不同实施例的讨论所理解的那样，可以注意到，这些类型的附件安装结构中的每种均可以提供用于相对于待固定附件的牙齿表面定位和定向附件的精确机构，但是基于一个或多个特征(例如，是否期望蚀刻，可用于放置附件的空间，待放置在单颗牙齿上的附件的数量，将使用的固定类型等)，一种类型的附件安装结构在一些应用中可以具有优于另一种的优点。
图8示出根据本公开的一个或多个实施例的可以使用的计算装置。例如，计算装置842可以具有与之联接的多个部件。
计算装置842可以包括处理器844和存储器846。如本文所讨论的，存储器846可以具有包括数据848和可执行指令850的各种类型的信息。
处理器844可以执行存储在内部或外部非暂时性计算机装置可读介质(CRM)上的指令850。这里使用的非暂时性CRM可以包括易失性和/或非易失性存储器。
易失性存储器可以包括根据功率来存储信息的存储器，诸如各种类型的动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)等。非易失性存储器可以包括不根据功率来存储信息的存储器。
在一些实施例中，存储器846和/或处理器844可位于计算装置842上或与计算装置842脱离。因此，如图8的实施例所示，计算装置842可以包括网络接口852。这种接口852可以允许在另一个联网的计算装置上进行处理，可以用于获得关于患者的信息，和/或可以用于获得用于与本文提供的各种实施例一起使用的数据和/或可执行指令。
如图8的实施例所示，计算装置842可以包括一个或多个输入和/或输出接口854。这样的接口854可以用于将计算装置842与一个或多个输入和/或输出装置856、858、840、842、864连接。
例如，在图8所示的实施例中，输入和/或输出装置可以包括扫描装置856、相机底座858、输入装置840(例如鼠标，键盘等)、显示装置842(例如监视器)、打印机864和/或一个或多个其他输入装置。输入/输出接口854可以接收可存储在数据存储装置(例如，存储器)中的代表患者齿列(dentition)的虚拟牙科模型的可执行指令和/或数据。
在一些实施例中，扫描装置856可以被配置为扫描患者齿列的一个或多个物理牙科模具。在一个或多个实施例中，扫描装置856可以被配置为直接扫描患者的齿列、牙科器具和/或附件放置结构。扫描装置856可以被配置为将数据输入到计算装置842中。
在一些实施例中，相机底座858可以接收来自例如数码相机、打印照片扫描仪和/或其他适合成像装置的成像装置(例如，2D或3D成像装置)的输入。来自成像装置的输入可以例如被存储在存储器846中。
处理器844可以执行指令以在显示器842上提供治疗计划、牙科器具和/或一个或多个附件的视觉指示。计算装置842可以被配置为允许治疗专业人员或其他用户输入治疗目标。接收的输入可以作为数据848被发送至处理器844和/或可以被存储在存储器846中。
这样的连接可以允许输入和/或输出数据和/或指令以及其他类型的信息。一些实施例可以分布在一个或多个网络内的各种计算装置中，并且如图8所示那样的系统在允许捕获、计算和/或分析本文讨论的信息方面可为有利的。
与数据存储装置(例如，存储器846)相关联的处理器844可以与数据848相关联。与存储器846相关联的处理器844可以存储和/或利用数据848和/或执行指令850，以创建和/或建模附件与牙齿之间的交互；附件与装置之间的交互；和/或一个或多个附件、患者口中的一颗或多颗牙齿和/或其他结构、和/或用于移动牙齿的一个或多个器具之间的交互的组合。
附加地或替代地，与存储器846相关联的处理器844可以存储和/或利用数据848和/或执行指令850，用以创建和/或建模附件放置结构和/或附件，和/或粘合剂和/或可释放材料，以及具有或不具有用于移动牙齿的器具的这种物品的虚拟建模，和/或一颗或多颗牙齿。例如，如本文进一步讨论的，附件放置结构和/或用于将牙科器具附接到患者牙齿的附件的虚拟模型可用于创建物理牙科器具、附件放置结构和/或附件。与存储器846联接的处理器844可以例如包括使计算装置842执行一方法的指令，所述方法包括例如创建基于患者的颚部的虚拟模型的治疗计划，其中治疗计划包括附件的使用。
在一些实施例中，与存储器846联接的处理器844可以使得计算装置842执行包括基于治疗计划而对虚拟牙科附件进行建模的方法，其中虚拟牙科附件被构造成提供治疗计划所期望的一个或多个力。
在各种实施例中，与存储器846联接的处理器844可以使得计算装置842执行包括创建虚拟牙科附件放置设备的方法，该虚拟牙科附件放置设备包括本体，该本体具有附件安装结构并且包括具有轮廓的表面，该轮廓被成形为与牙齿的对齐表面的轮廓相对应，以使得当本体的轮廓与牙齿的对应轮廓对齐时，牙科附件被放置在附件安装结构中，牙科附件相对于牙齿的外表面位于特定位置处。
对于治疗计划，这种分析可以完成一次或多次。例如，如果治疗计划具有30个阶段，如果需要，每个阶段可能有不同的附件(或可能更多)。然而，在许多情况下，在治疗计划期间，附件类型、位置和/或定向可能会改变几次。
通过使用虚拟建模，可以对附件进行虚拟测试，并且可以选择最佳的附件类型、形状、位置和/或定向，而不会在治疗过程中给患者带来附件的试验和错误方面的不便。此外，使用虚拟建模还可以允许附件形状的定制设计，这将适合于特定患者的需求和/或患者口腔区域内的特定功能。从这样的分析中，可以根据虚拟牙科附件放置设备数据创建不同的物理牙科附件放置设备，该数据将用来创建不同阶段所需的附件。
此外，这种附件的设计的专门性也可以允许附件由不同的材料制成。以这种方式，在治疗计划期间或甚至在一个阶段期间的附件可以是不同材料的，这可以提供比标准附件所可能提供的更专门的力的分布。
在一些实施例中，打印机844可以是三维或直接制造装置，其可以根据来自计算装置842的指令直接创建牙科器具。利用这种技术的本公开的实施例出于各种原因而可能特别有益。例如，由于本文所述的器具的附件放置结构、附件材料和/或其他部件的较少的处理步骤以及增加的专门化，这种直接制造允许更少的材料浪费。
在一些实施例中，可以形成附件放置结构并且一个或多个附件形成有附件放置结构。这样的技术在一些这样的实施例中可能特别有用，因为这两者可以在相同的过程中制造。
本公开的实施例可以提供许多益处。例如，实施例可以节省制造时间和制造成本，提高所使用的附件材料类型、材料的制备、附件的形成、附件的放置的定位和/或定向的准确性，使得更能够创建专门的附件尺寸和形状，并且除其他优点之外，可以节省时间并改善患者和/或治疗专业人员在创建和/或固定附件中的体验。
尽管本文已经说明和描述了具体实施例，但本领域的普通技术人员将会理解，可以用被计算为实现相同技术的任何布置来代替所示的具体实施例。本公开旨在覆盖本公开的各种实施例的任何和全部修改或变化。
应该理解，上面的描述是以说明性而不是限制性的方式做出的。在阅读以上描述后，上述实施例的组合以及本文中未具体描述的其他实施例对于本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的。本公开的各种实施例的范围包括使用上述结构和方法的任何其他应用。因此，本公开的各种实施例的范围应该参考所附权利要求以及这些权利要求的等同物的全部范围来确定。
在前面的具体实施方式中，出于简化本公开的目的，各种特征在附图中示出的示例实施例中被集合在一起。本公开的该方法不应被解释为反映了本公开的实施例需要比每个权利要求中明确记载的更多特征的意图。
相反，如以下权利要求所反映的，发明主题在于比单个公开实施例的所有特征更少。因此，下面的权利要求在此并入具体实施方式中，且每个权利要求本身作为单独的实施例。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于形成牙科附件放置设备的方法，包括：
使用虚拟模型来设计用于特定于患者的附件的定制附件形状，其中所述附件被构造成接合矫正器的一个或多个表面，用于重新定位牙齿；
使用三维打印设备用附件材料打印所述附件；以及
使用所述三维打印设备打印牙科附件放置结构，该牙科附件放置结构包括本体，该本体具有附件安装结构、孔和至少一个支撑件，所述孔中具有所述附件，所述至少一个支撑件与所述附件连接以将所述附件保持在特定位置中，其中所述至少一个支撑件被构造成在所述支撑件与所述附件连接的一个点处破裂以与所述附件断开，并且其中打印牙科附件放置结构包括：将所述牙科附件放置结构的一个表面打印为具有将与牙齿的外表面的对应轮廓匹配的轮廓。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，使用三维打印设备打印牙科附件放置结构包括：用不同于所述附件材料的第二材料打印所述牙科附件放置结构。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，用不同于所述附件材料的第二材料打印所述牙科附件放置结构包括：打印所述附件和所述牙科附件放置结构，使得在打印时所述附件和所述牙科附件放置结构在至少一个点处彼此连接。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，打印附件包括：将所述附件的一个表面打印为具有将与牙齿的外表面的对应轮廓匹配的轮廓。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，打印牙科附件放置结构包括：将所述牙科附件放置结构的多个表面打印为具有将与一颗或多颗牙齿的外表面的对应轮廓匹配的轮廓。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，打印所述牙科附件放置结构包括：打印具有至少一个支撑件的牙科附件放置结构，所述至少一个支撑件在所述牙科附件放置结构的孔中延伸。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，打印所述牙科附件放置结构包括：打印具有多于一个支撑件的牙科附件放置结构。
8.一种牙科附件放置设备，包括：
附件，具有用于特定于患者的附件的定制附件形状，其中所述附件被构造成接合矫正器的一个或多个表面，用于重新定位牙齿；
本体，所述本体具有：
孔，所述孔中具有所述附件；
表面，待放置为抵靠牙齿表面，并且其中所述本体的表面包括所述孔，以允许将所述附件放置在牙齿表面上的特定位置；
支撑件，在所述孔中，其中所述附件通过至少一个支撑件被保持在所述孔中，其中所述至少一个支撑件被构造成在一个点处破裂以释放所述附件，所述点在或者靠近所述支撑件与所述附件连接的位置；并且
所述本体的一部分的轮廓被成形为与牙齿的对齐表面的轮廓相对应，使得当所述本体的轮廓和所述牙齿的对应轮廓对齐时，所述孔位于所述牙齿的表面上的所述特定位置上方。
9.根据权利要求8所述的牙科附件放置设备，其中，所述附件放置表面包括所述本体的被成形为符合所述牙齿的对齐表面的对应轮廓的部分。
10.根据权利要求8所述的牙科附件放置设备，其中，所述孔的尺寸稍大于所述附件的贴附表面。
11.根据权利要求8所述的牙科附件放置设备，其中，所述孔成形为具有与所述附件的贴附表面相同的形状。
12.根据权利要求8所述的牙科附件放置设备，还包括在所述孔中的多于一个支撑件，其中所述附件通过所述多于一个支撑件被保持在所述孔中。
13.根据权利要求8所述的牙科附件放置设备，其中，所述孔不完全围绕所述附件。
14.一种非暂时性计算装置可读介质，存储能由处理器执行的指令以使计算装置执行一方法，包括：
基于患者的颚部的虚拟模型创建治疗计划，其中所述治疗计划包括附件的使用；
通过基于所述治疗计划建模虚拟牙科附件来设计用于特定于患者的附件的定制附件形状，其中所述虚拟牙科附件被构造为提供所述治疗计划所期望的一个或多个力；以及
创建虚拟牙科附件放置设备，所述虚拟牙科附件放置设备包括所述附件和本体，所述本体具有：附件安装结构；孔，所述孔中具有所述附件；支撑件，将所述附件连接到所述牙科附件放置设备，其中所述支撑件被构造成在一个点处破裂以与所述附件断开，所述点在或者靠近所述支撑件与所述附件连接的位置，且所述本体包括具有一轮廓的所述附件的表面，所述轮廓被成形为与牙齿的对齐表面的轮廓相对应，使得当所述本体的轮廓与所述牙齿的相应轮廓对齐时，所述牙科附件被放置在所述附件安装结构中，所述牙科附件相对于所述牙齿的外表面位于特定位置处。
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