CN104093375B - 确定牙齿上的受力 - Google Patents

确定牙齿上的受力 Download PDF

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CN104093375B
CN104093375B CN201380007617.XA CN201380007617A CN104093375B CN 104093375 B CN104093375 B CN 104093375B CN 201380007617 A CN201380007617 A CN 201380007617A CN 104093375 B CN104093375 B CN 104093375B
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tooth
dental instrument
power
iod
dental
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CN104093375A (zh
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瓦季姆·马托夫
伊戈尔·法拉德杰夫
巴斯琴·佩森蒂
谢尔盖·哲恩
康斯坦丁·滕兹恩
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Align Technology Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A61C7/002—Orthodontic computer assisted systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C19/00—Dental auxiliary appliances
    • A61C19/04—Measuring instruments specially adapted for dentistry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A61C7/08—Mouthpiece-type retainers or positioners, e.g. for both the lower and upper arch

Abstract

本发明在此描述包括用于确定作用在牙齿上的力的相关计算设备、系统以及方法。一种方法包括：接收包括牙齿数据的初始正畸数据(IOD)；从IOD创建一组虚拟的牙齿；接收包括牙科器具的材料性质和特征中的至少一个的牙科器具信息；将由牙科器具信息形成的牙科器具虚拟放置到一组虚拟的牙齿上；以及基于IOD的信息和牙科器具信息，判定施加到牙齿的一个或多个的力。

Description

确定牙齿上的受力
技术领域
本发明涉及虚拟地确定作用在牙齿上的力的系统和方法。
背景技术
许多牙科治疗包括将错位牙复位和改变咬合结构，以改善美容外观和牙齿功能。例如，可以通过在一段时间内向一颗或多颗牙齿施加控制力实现正畸复位。
可以在牙科处理中出现的正畸复位的一实例使用一个或多个诸如矫正器的用于重整牙齿的牙科定位器具。在牙齿上放置器具能够在特定的位置提供控制力，从而逐渐地将牙齿移动成新的结构。利用具有渐进结构的连续器具重复此过程，能够使牙齿通过一系列中间排列移动到最终所期望的排列。
通常，为了设计每个矫正器，利用计算设备判定牙齿从初始位置到最终位置的进程。此进程被分割为多个段，基于每颗牙齿在这些段的位置形成矫正器。
一般，设计治疗方案从当前的牙齿结构开始，建议出最终结构，利用计算设备生成从当前结构到最终结构的牙齿路径，以及把该路径分割为多个段，并且基于这些段中每一个的数据形成器具。
然后运用理论，将每一个器具依次地放置在患者的牙齿上，以便牙科器具能作用于牙齿，以使每颗牙齿在特定方向上向其下一渐进段的位置移动。然而，在一些实例中，由于许多原因，器具不能将牙齿移动到下一渐进段的位置，该原因将在下面叙述。因此，在这些实例中，治疗方案必须进行修改，创建新的矫正器以补救一颗或多颗牙齿的预期位置的差异。
发明内容
本发明提供了虚拟地确定作用在牙齿上的力从而促进正畸治疗方案中的一系列牙科器具的设计的系统和方法。
本发明的一个方面涉及一种使用计算设备实施的方法，该方法虚拟地确定作用在牙齿上的力，该方法包括：接收包括牙齿数据的初始正畸数据(IOD)；从所述IOD创建一组虚拟牙齿；接收牙科器具信息，该牙科器具信息包括牙科器具的材料性质和特征中的至少一个材料性质或特征；将由所述牙科器具信息形成的牙科器具虚拟地放置到所述一组虚拟牙齿上；以及基于来自所述IOD的信息和所述牙科器具信息，判定施加到所述牙齿的一个或多个力。
本发明的另一个方面涉及一种用于虚拟确定作用在牙齿上的力的系统，包括：处理器；存储器，该存储器具有可由所述处理器执行的指令，用于：接收患者的牙齿的初始正畸数据(IOD)；基于代表治疗方案的所述IOD，确定所述牙齿的虚拟目标牙模型；确定在所述治疗方案中利用的一个或多个虚拟创建的牙科器具；计算所述牙科器具的一个或多个期望力的参数，以实现所述治疗方案的特定段的最终位置；以及预估由所述虚拟创建的牙科器具产生的施加到一颗或多颗牙齿的实际力，并且验证所述虚拟创建的牙科器具将期望力的参数施加到所述一颗或多颗牙齿。
本发明的又一个方面涉及一种非暂时性的计算设备可读介质，该介质具有可执行的指令，该指令能够由处理器执行，以使所述计算设备进行一种虚拟确定作用在牙齿上的力的方法，该方法包括：接收牙齿的初始正畸数据(IOD)；接收治疗方案的期望的牙齿位置，该治疗方案用于包括在所述IOD中的所述牙齿；计算期望力和期望的力矩，以施加到所述牙齿，从而达到所述期望的牙齿位置；以及设计优化的牙科器具形状和位置，以使所述牙齿移动到所述期望的牙齿位置。
虚拟确定作用在牙齿和牙科器具上的力能够是有益的，原因包括：利用现实世界的力的信息、牙齿数据和/或其他结构数据来计算牙科器具的放置位置和/或可能的形状、或其他的器具特征，而不需要实际检测实际患者或成组患者的这些所有重复项目。结果可包括更准确地移动牙齿，从而减少治疗时间，提高患者的满意程度以及其他。
附图说明
图1A说明了根据本发明的一个或多个实施例的初始虚拟牙齿模型。
图1B说明了在根据本发明的图1A中所示的与初始虚拟牙齿模型相对应的目标虚拟牙齿模型。
图2说明了根据本发明的一个或多个实施例的初始虚拟牙齿模型的实例、牙科器具、以及用户界面的实例。
图3说明了根据本发明的一个或多个实施例的具有确定力的虚拟三维牙齿矫正器的实例和用户界面的实例。
图4说明了根据本发明的一个或多个实施例的用于确定作用在牙齿上的力的虚拟三维牙齿模型的实例和用户界面的实例。
图5说明了根据本发明的一个或多个实施例的用于确定作用在牙齿上的力的虚拟三维牙齿模型的实例和用户界面的实例。
图6说明了根据本发明的一个或多个实施例的用于虚拟确定作用在牙齿上的力的系统。
图7是说明根据本发明的一个或多个实施例的用于确定作用在牙齿上的力的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明的实施例包括：与此处描述的虚拟检测施加在牙齿上的力相关的计算设备、系统和方法实施例。例如，一个或多个的实施例包括虚拟确定施加在牙齿上的力的方法。这样的一些方法可包括，例如，接收包括牙齿数据的初始正畸数据(IOD)；根据IOD创建一组虚拟牙齿；接收牙科器具信息，该牙科器具信息包括至少一个牙科器具的材料性质和特征；将由牙科器具信息形成的牙科器具虚拟放置到所述一组虚拟牙齿上；以及基于IOD的信息和牙科器具信息，判定施加在牙齿上的一个或多个的力。
一个或多个实施例可在IOD上虚拟放置具有治疗方案第一阶段的腔室几何形状的牙科器具，并确定由牙科器具施加到包括在IOD中的牙齿的实际力。一个或多个实施例可包括：判定由牙科器具施加的期望力，以将牙齿移动到第一阶段牙齿位置；以及基于牙科器具的材料性质、特征和牙齿的形状，设计最佳的牙科器具腔室几何形状和/或位置，以实现所述期望力，从而将牙齿移动到下一个阶段牙齿位置。
本发明的实施例可用于使用在患者口腔中的牙科器具产品的设计，诸如锚和其它附件，以及潜在的矫正器表面(例如，陷窝、脊、厚度、形状和方向等)、材料性质和它们与牙齿的交互作用。实施例可使用户确定作用在口腔单颌或双颌上的一组牙齿的力(例如，彼此相互作用的相对颌上的牙齿和/或器具表面)。
多种实施例可有助于判定在每颗牙齿和牙齿整体上施加多少力，和力的分量来自哪一个或多个方向和/或类型(例如，线性、扭转等)。该信息能够，例如用于判定：牙科器具的形状和/或位置，或用于牙齿的移动以接近移动牙齿所期望的力和/或方向的其他项目。
例如，现在将具有已设计好的形状的牙科器具(例如，附件或矫正器)根据理论放置在患者的单颗牙齿或多颗牙齿上，使得牙科器具作用于牙齿，以将其在特定方向上移动。然而，这种理论是基于牙科器具类型的经验由治疗专业人员选择的治疗方案的典型部分，基于包括从其他牙齿和其他牙科器具和/或用于移动牙齿的其他项目中的那些工作中实际力的实际结果可能导致与预期不同的方向。因此，该理论能够导致以过量、不足或者不同的移动方式来实现期望的结果。
因此，过去没有在器具结构分析中考虑作用在牙齿上的力和牙齿的移动。通过本发明实施例的应用，可以基于例如可以减少治疗或移动的数量和/或减少使用的力的量形成器具，这可以导致减少治疗时间和/或降低患者不适及其他益处。
从附件和/或其他器具结构作用在多颗牙齿上(例如，颌上的整组牙齿)的效果的角度，本发明的实施例可使用户虚拟测试附件和/或其他器具结构的形状和/或放置。实施例还可调节形状和/或放置，和/或重试移动，直到实现最佳或最满意的结果。
在一些实施例中，能够获得例如从实际患者的口腔的初始正畸数据(IOD)、正畸操作训练模具数据、和/或扫描器具数据，并且能够判定在将牙齿从一个位置移动到另一个位置的治疗方案的一部分期间所期望的力。(例如，来自特定的现有患者的口腔或先前患者的口腔)的实际情况数据的使用能够被用于，例如，期望牙科器具可以针对由于特定错位咬合导致的特定牙齿定位的特定移动的情况。
基于患者口腔中其他的牙齿和/或其他结构的移动，能够对治疗方案情况数据进行分析，以判定特定牙齿从一个位置到后续位置的移动。然后该信息能够用于，例如在实施例的关于一个或多个建议的附件的力的分析和/或其他与矫正器相关的移动的分析中。
本发明的实施例可提供用户界面，其中，牙齿的虚拟模型以三维呈现。一旦(例如，通过使用IOD和/或牙科器具数据)判定力和力的力矩，能够将所述力和所述力的力矩以及其他可能对用户有用的关于力的信息呈现在用户界面上(例如，能够呈现为示出期望力的方向和/或大小的矢量箭头)。
这些力可例如包括：任何牙科器具对牙齿的力、来自相邻牙齿的力、被来自所述组的其他牙齿和它们的力和/或移动影响而施加和/或改变的齿龈的力、来自骨骼结构的力和/或可能作用于牙齿的其他力。一些实施例可利用器具壁厚和/或特征数据(例如，关于如陷窝、加固结构特征的数据)。例如，基于实际器具、从虚拟模型得到的测量和/或基于对先前器具的抽样测量的厚度的预测，可测量该信息。
在一些实例中，可以是不使用本发明的实施例就很难判定的这种力的组合(一些力能够彼此相加、中和或消减)。因此，本发明的实施例能够更精确地预测将被使用的力。在一些实例中，这样的分析能将牙齿更直接地移动到目标位置，并避免如果分析未完成则可能所需的额外移动。在一些实施例中，能够判定用于启动牙齿移动的更大或者更小的力，而后能够使治疗更有效。
在一些实施例中，能够关于与牙齿相关的诸如质量中心或旋转中心的单点对力进行定量、或所述力能够与牙齿的一个或多个接触表面(例如，与其他的牙齿接触或与器具接触)相关。
本发明的实施例可包括许多工具，这些工具用于牙科器具或与移动牙齿相关的其他项目的创建和改变。这些项目可包括：牙齿形状和治疗方案数据(例如，诸如正畸操作训练模具的正畸数据、实际患者牙齿数据和/或治疗方案数据)的一个或多个库、牙科器具形状、关于可以使用的固定材料的数据，和/或可以有助于判定力的关于牙科器具、牙齿或口腔结构的其他特征的数据。
一些实施例还包括编辑工具，这些工具用来改变牙科器具或与牙齿移动相关的其他项目的形状。例如，合适的工具可包括关于绘图和/或计算机辅助设计软件应用通常提供的那些工具。
在一些实施例中，可在虚拟模型上示出期望力和实际力，使得用户能够看到实际力和期望力的差别(例如，期望力和实际力两者的力的大小和/或矢量)。这可以有益于例如允许用户看到所述差别并对牙科器具或其他与牙齿移动相关的项目的形状或位置进行调节。
在一些实施例中，然后实际力可被重新计算并随后示出，以显示修正后的形状和/或位置的修正力。在一些实施例中，产生的影响能够被显示在所述组的其他牙齿上，这可以帮助用户利用所建议的治疗方案或牙科器具位置和/或形状确定任何意外的问题。
在一些实施例中，可示出多个所计算的位置和/或形状(例如，能够一起示出由第一位置和第二位置产生的力，在一些实例中，与期望力一起示出)。这能够有助于例如确定从第一到第二位置的改变如何影响所述力。这还能够有助于确定：从第一到第二位置的改变是否使创建的力调整得更接近那些所期望的力以及其他益处。
相对于使用有限元分析的其他系统，实施例例如能够利用离散微分几何用于其计算。在许多实例中，这能够有助于例如由于这样的实施例能够进行更加迅速和/或占用更少的运算时间和/或资源的计算。
多种实施例可用于根据在治疗方案中建议的器具来判定将得到什么样的牙齿结构。例如，这能够有助于判定所建议的器具是否会根据期望移动牙齿，是否应该使用其他类型的器具，或是否应该重新设计器具以提供牙齿的所期望的移动。
一些实施例可确定器具是否会拉伸，以及这样的拉伸将在何处出现。例如，这能够有助于确定应该加固器具以减少或去除拉伸的点。
一种建议的方法包括：接收患者的牙齿的初始正畸数据(IOD)；确定牙齿的基于表示治疗方案的IOD的虚拟目标牙模型；确定治疗方案中利用的一个或多个虚拟创建的牙科器具；为了实现治疗方案的特定段的最终位置，计算牙科器具的一个或多个所期望的力参数；预估由虚拟创建的牙科器具产生的、施加到一颗或多颗牙齿的实际力；以及验证虚拟创建的牙科器具对一颗或多颗牙齿正施加所期望的力参数。
另一种方法包括以下要素：接收牙齿的初始正畸数据(IOD)；接收用于包含在IOD中的牙齿的治疗方案的所期望的牙齿位置；计算所期望的力和所期望的力矩以施加到牙齿，从而到达所期望的位置；以及设计一种最佳的牙科器具形状和位置，以将牙齿移动到所期望的牙齿位置。
本发明的实施例还能够是有益的，其原因包括：利用现实世界的力信息、牙齿数据和/或其他的结构数据，计算牙科器具放置位置和/或可能的形状或其他的器具特征和/或器具的总体形状，而不需要在实际患者或成组患者中实际测试这些所有重复项目。
在本发明的以下详细描述的部分中，参考形成本发明的一部分的附图，并且其中通过示出如何可以实施本发明的一些实施例来示出。这些实施例中描述了足够的细节，以使本领域的技术人员的能够实施本发明中的一些实施例，并且应理解可以利用其它实施例，并且能够在不背离本发明的范围的情况下，可以做出处理、电气、机械的改变。
本文遵循数字编号惯例，其中对应于附图编号的第一个数字或多个数字和剩余的数字标识图中的元件或部件。不同图之间的类似元件或部件可以利用类似的数字确定。例如，208可以是在图2中的参考元件“8”，并且相似的元件可以引用为图4中的408。
应该理解，各种实施例示出的元件此处能够被增加、更换和/或去除，从而提供本发明的一些附加实施例。另外，应该理解，在图中提供的元件的比例和相对尺寸是用于说明本发明的实施例，而不应作为限制。此处使用的“一些”，是指一个或多个这样的物体。
虽然这里用了总体术语“矫畸术”，但本发明也可以涉及正颌自然(orthognathicnature)的疗法。例如，在包括患者底层骨骼结构的治疗的情况中，为了实现所期望的最终咬合布置，可以通过外科重定位下面的骨骼来重新布置牙齿。在正畸和正颌治疗方法这二者中，牙齿的对齐可以在治疗前、治疗中和/或治疗后评价。
治疗专业人员通常基于对某些类型的物理特征和/或待使用的牙科器具的经验选择用于患者的牙齿的治疗方案。通常假设：牙科器具会基于牙科器具的形状以特定方向移动牙齿或特定的牙齿。
然而，基于工作中实际力的实际结果可能导致与预期不同的方向，这可能是不期望的结果。在使用计算设备可执行指令的情况下，治疗专业人员能够建立针对每个个体患者的每颗牙齿或一组牙齿特定的自定义治疗目标。考虑到该治疗目标，能够虚拟地确定和测试牙科器具施加在牙齿上的力。
利用计算机辅助设计和/或包括牙齿-治疗系统的制造系统能够提供从患者的牙列扫描的虚拟牙齿模型。可以以多种方式获得表示初始牙齿布置的初始正畸数据(IOD)。
例如，患者的牙齿能够使用直接和/或间接结构光、X射线、三维X-射线、激光、破坏性扫描、计算机辅助层析图像或数据、磁性共振图像、口内扫描技术、图像重构和/或其他成像技术成像，以获得数字数据。IOD可包括整个口腔牙齿布置、口腔内一部分但并非全部牙齿，和/或可包括单颗牙齿。
可以用X射线、激光扫描器、破坏性的扫描器、结构光、和/或其他范围测定系统来生成IOD，扫描患者的牙齿或单颗牙齿的正模型和/或负印象(negative impression)。正如此处描述地，由范围测定系统生成的数据可以转换为其他格式，以与用于在数据中操作图像的软件相兼容。
现参照图1A，此处示出了根据本发明的一个或多个实施例的初始虚拟牙齿模型100。如此处描述，可以从患者牙列治疗前或者中期治疗(例如，在治疗已完成之前)的初始扫描或某一治疗阶段的最终扫描，获得初始虚拟牙齿模型100。本发明的一个或多个实施例包括：接收虚拟IOD和包含在虚拟IOD中牙齿的所期望的位置。初始虚拟牙齿模型(例如，虚拟IOD)也可包括单颗牙齿(例如，牙齿102-1)的模型，该单颗牙齿的模型是诸如完整虚拟牙模型100的完整牙齿模型的一部分。
图1B示出目标虚拟牙齿模型104。根据治疗方案的一个或多个治疗目标，通过修改初始虚拟牙齿模型100能够创建目标虚拟牙齿模型104。一个或多个治疗目标能够针对具体情况(例如，针对初始虚拟牙齿模型100所基于的特定患者)。目标虚拟牙齿模型104还能够包括单颗牙齿(例如，牙齿102-2)的目标模型，该单颗牙齿的目标模型是与完整虚拟牙齿模型104相似的完整牙模型的一部分。在一些实施例中，能够经由用户界面，以三维方式显示虚拟IOD100和目标虚拟牙齿模型104。
治疗方案通过下述设计：以当前的牙齿构造(例如，虚拟IOD100)开始，判定目标虚拟牙齿模型104，生成从虚拟IOD到目标构造的牙齿路径，以及将该路径分割成多个段以形成器具。本发明的实施例能够虚拟确定和测试由已设计的器具施加到牙齿的力，或物理特征能够用于判定：基于与预期结构相对的治疗方案中建议的矫正器，牙齿实际所产生的结构是怎样的。
在一些实施例中，这些力包括：任何牙科器具在牙齿上的力，来自相邻牙齿的力，基于来自所述组上的其他牙齿和它们的力和/或移动的影响而施加和/或改变的齿龈力，来自骨骼结构的力和/或可能作用于牙齿的其他力。在一些实施例中，器具壁厚和特征数据(例如，陷窝、加固结构、形状、关于一颗或多颗牙齿的方向等)能够用于判定相对于预期构造的牙齿实际所产生的结构。作用力信息能够基于实际器具测量，和/或基于已经预先测量的、从其他器具获取的测量的厚度抽样。
虚拟确定和/或检测力能够用于对下述的优化：对在患者口腔中使用的产品，该产品诸如矫正器、锚和附件，和其他牙科器具，以及潜在的器具表面(例如，陷窝、脊、厚度、形状和方向等)、器具材料特征和它们与牙齿的交互作用。虚拟确定和检测一个或多个施加的力使得用户能够确定来自牙科器具的呈现在一组牙齿上的力并且优化牙科器具形状和/或位置，以使所期望的力作用在牙齿上，从而使牙齿沿着治疗方案的特定段移动。
虚拟检测对牙齿施加的力还能够有助于判定多少力施加到牙齿以及从哪一个或多个方向对牙齿施加力。该信息能够用于判定牙科器具的形状和/或位置，从而接近用于移动牙齿期望的所需力和/或方向。
图2示出了根据本发明的一个或多个实施例的用于确定作用在牙齿200上的力的三维牙齿模型(例如，IOD200)的实例、器具204和用户界面208的实例。牙齿模型可以是IOD200，或可以是在治疗方案的特定牙齿路径段中的牙齿位置(例如，治疗方案的开始位置的后续位置)。例如，治疗方案的每个牙齿路径段都能够具有相对应的牙齿器具，或者构造成将牙齿从该牙齿路径段的后续位置移动到更接近治疗方案的最终位置的另一个位置的器具。
在一个或多个实施例中，用户能够将具有治疗方案的第一阶段的腔室几何形状的牙科器具204虚拟地放置在IOD200之上，并且基于牙科器具的材料性质、特征和/或牙齿的形状，确定从牙科器具204施加到包括在IOD200中的牙齿的实际力。
例如，基于器具的材料性质、特征和牙齿的形状的牙科器具的弹性变形能够判定在器具上应力的量、施加到每颗牙齿的力和/或力矩，和/或矫正器对牙齿的独立接触(individual contacts)和他们的相对强度。知晓作用在牙科器具上的力和作用在牙齿上的力使得用户能更精确地创建牙科器具的特征，从而使牙齿对应于牙科器具最有效地从初始位置移动到治疗方案的最终位置。
图3示出了根据本发明的一个或多个实施例的用于确定在牙科器具上且施加到一组虚拟牙齿(例如，图2中的IOD200)的三维牙科器具的实例和用户界面308的实例。在一个或多个实施例中，用户能够虚拟确定作用在牙科器具上的力以及当将牙科器具放置在IOD上时作用到牙齿的力。
如图3所示，存在在用户界面308上显示的三个三维牙科器具。第一个牙科器具310说明了当放置在IOD上时作用在牙科器具上的内部应力量。应力量显示为从少量点到大量点的规模。例如，牙科器具310具有低的应力量的区域显示为少量点，而牙科器具310具有较高的应力量的区域显示为大量点。
用户界面308中的第二个牙科器具312示出了施加到每颗牙齿的力和力矩。矢量314能够表示由牙科器具施加到牙齿的力。另外，矢量316能够表示从牙科器具施加到牙齿的力矩。矢量能够表示力、力矩，和/或每个力和力矩的大小。
用户界面308中的第三个牙科器具318示出了牙科器具对牙齿的独立接触，以及该接触的相对强度。例如，箭头320能够示出牙科器具接触牙齿处的局部力的方向和大小。
正如此处进一步讨论地，通过确定作用在牙科器具和牙齿上的实际力，用户可以编辑牙科器具和牙科器具的特征，使得该实际力与期望力足够相似。
对于一个或多个实施例，一旦确定了牙科器具对牙齿的实际力，就判定了由牙科器具施加的一个或多个期望力以使牙齿移动到第一阶段牙齿位置。图4示出了根据本发明的一个或多个实施例的用于判定作用在牙齿422上的期望力和力矩的三维牙齿模型的实例和用户界面408的实例。
在一个或多个实施例中，用户能够虚拟地测试牙科器具或其他的器具结构的形状和/或放置(例如，物理特征421-1)，并调节形状或放置，以及重试移动，直到实现最好或最满意的结果。
牙齿422的模型包括表示用于移动牙齿422的期望力和力矩分量的箭头426-1和426-2。例如，箭头426-1和426-2能够表示对于移动的理想的力和力矩分量。
考虑到一组物理和/或器具特征，牙齿422的模型还包括牙齿表面特征424-1(例如，牙科器具、陷窝等)和箭头424-2，该箭头424-2能够表示所期望的特征力的方向和/或大小。一种特征或复数种特征(例如，特征424-1)能够将力和/或力矩施加到牙齿422，这能够用箭头424-2表示。
能够在牙齿模型和用户界面408存在：特征424-1能够被放置在牙齿422上的可能位置428。正如此处进一步讨论地，牙齿以及牙科器具的特征可以由用户编辑。
对于一个或多个实施例中，一旦确定了用于移动一颗或多颗牙齿的期望力，用于达到期望力的矫正器腔室的几何形状和/或位置就能够被优化，从而基于牙科器具材料性质、特征和牙齿形状，使牙齿移动到所期望的牙齿位置。设计优选的矫正器腔室几何形状和/或位置包括反复地虚拟检测和调整牙科器具，以达到用于将牙齿移动到第一阶段牙齿位置的期望力。
图5示出了根据本发明的一个或多个实施例的用于检测施加在牙齿522上的力的三维牙齿模型的实例和用户界面508的实例。在一些实施例中，用户能够获得来自实际患者的口腔或正畸操作训练模具的数据，并且判定在治疗方案的一部分期间所期望的力以将牙齿从一个位置移动到另一个位置。正畸操作训练模具可以是指包括多个理想牙齿形状(例如，来自理想牙齿形状参考库)的虚拟牙齿模型。
实际情况数据的使用可能在例如牙科器具可能需要关于由特定错位咬合导致的特定牙齿位置进行特定移动的情况下是有用的。在一些实施例中，用户能够将待被创建或更改的牙科器具的物理参数(例如，器具、矫正器、陷窝等)输入到位置和方向窗口530中。
例如，用户能够输入这样的参数：如长度532、宽度534、凸起536、内侧牙齿522的深度538、激活角度(activation angle)540和在非活动表面(inactive surface)542上的活动式牙床矫正器(activator)偏移。在一些实施例中，系统能够配置为：允许用户进行其他的设置，诸如等面梯度宽度544和立体像素尺寸546。在多种实施例中，用户能够通过数字或一些其他的标识符选择来确定牙齿522，以及在诸如框548的下拉框中输入或选择标识符。用户还能够选择输入牙科器具和活动表面的中心的参数(例如，参数550和552)。
在一些实施例中，提供用户界面(例如，用户界面508)，其中牙齿虚拟模型以三维呈现。一旦判定作用在牙齿上的力和力的力矩，能够将所述力和所述力的力矩以及可能对用户有用的关于力的其他信息呈现在用户界面上(例如，能够将所述力和所述力的力矩作为示出期望力或应力的方向和/或大小的矢量箭头呈现)。
矢量箭头526-1和526-2能够表示用于牙齿522移动的期望的(例如，理想的)力和/或力矩，以及矢量箭头554能够用特征524-1表示施加到牙齿522的力和力矩。考虑到一组特征(例如，牙科器具，陷窝等)，矢量箭头524-2能够表示期望的(例如，优选的)特征力的方向和大小。
能够对治疗方案情况数据进行分析，以判定特定牙齿从第一位置(例如，初始位置或在后续位置之前的中间位置)移动到后续(例如，所期望的)位置。然后该信息能够用于对建议的牙科器具或其他与移动分析相关的矫正器的力进行分析。
在一些实施例中，用于创建和/或变更牙科器具或其他与牙齿移动相关的项目的工具能够用于虚拟检测作用在牙齿上的力。这些项目可包括：一个或多个牙齿形状库和治疗方案数据(例如，正畸操作训练模具、实际患者牙齿数据和/或治疗方案数据)、牙科器具形状、关于能使用的固定材料的数据、和/或关于矫正器、牙齿和/或口腔结构的其他特征的数据。
所述项目还可包括：改变牙科器具的形状或其他与移动牙齿相关的项目的编辑工具。例如，适当的工具可以包括关于绘图和/或计算机辅助设计软件应用通常设置的那些工具。
如前所述，在一些实施例中，期望力和实际力能够示出在虚拟模型上，使得用户能够看到实际力和期望力之间的差别(例如，用于期望力和实际力两者的力的大小和/或矢量)。这可以有益于使得用户能够看到所述差别并调节牙科器具或其他与牙齿移动相关的项目的形状或位置。然后能够重新计算和/或示出实际力，以显示修正形状和/或位置的修正力。
还如上所述，在一些实施例中，能够示出多个计算的位置和/或形状(例如，能够一起示出从第一位置和第二位置产生的力，在一些实例中，与期望力一起示出)。这能够有助于例如确定从第一到第二位置的改变如何影响所述力。还能够有助于确定从第一到第二位置的改变是否使创建的力调整至接近那些期望力。
应当注意的是，可以被量化的用于牙齿移动的一个力是用于使牙齿从第一位置整体移动到第二位置。然而，还能够并入用于一些力的计算的来自齿龈和骨骼的相互作用的力，因此，在一些实施例中，能够判定不同的移动阶段的力，诸如一旦发生骨骼重建时骨骼断裂所需的初始力和移动所需的力。例如，在一些实施例中，通过计算足以使牙齿开始移动的力，可以判定从第一位置到第二位置的移动(例如，第一和第二位置可以相对靠近或相邻，因此创建所述移动的力能够是对于开始移动牙齿所需的力)。
例如，涉及齿龈或骨骼结构的建模技术能够通过对牙根结构和/或颌骨和/或牙龈的结构建模而实现。这能够例如通过使用患者数据和/或正畸操作训练模具数据实现。
在一些实施例中，能够计算用于牙齿的质量中心，并且所述力(例如，期望力)能够与所述质量中心相关联。在一些实施例中，能够计算旋转中心，并且所述力能够与所述旋转中心相关联。
在一些实施例中，能够确定可能的放置区域528，在该放置区域528中，附件能够定位在牙齿上。该信息能够能通过编程到软件中的实验数据获得，和/或由用户或多个用户输入。此外，这能够基于待产生的力而被计算。
例如，在一些实施例中，能够判定用于附件的所产生的力，该附件已经由用户选择用于放置在牙齿上，并且能够确定用于将附件放置在牙齿上的可能的放置区域528。可能的放置区域528例如能够基于附件的放置将导致在接近期望结果的阈值内的某一结果的区域。在一些实施例中，随着牙科器具的形状和/或方向改变，能够重新计算可能的放置区域。
可能的放置区域528可以例如基于附件可以实际完成的区域(例如，牙齿的部分，其中附件能充分附着到牙齿，使得其不会脱离或被一结构阻碍，该结构诸如牙齿表面不被成形为用于将附件附着到牙齿表面上或者在齿龈下太深的地方)。该计算可以通过实验数据、或基于牙齿和/或所用的材料的一个或多个特征判定(例如，牙齿表面的附着特征、附着材料的附着特征、牙科器具材料的附着特征、附件的附着表面的形状和/或牙齿表面的形状等)。
例如，在一些情况中，由于附着到边缘地区、过度弯曲表面和/或牙齿的轮廓表面可能是非常困难的，因此可能的放置区域528可能不包括这些表面。使用牙齿的一些区域是不合理的，这是因为某一区域与器具表面不恰当地关联或连接，并且这样，在一些实施例中，能够使用关联信息和/或表面信息来判定可能的放置区域。
例如，不恰当的关联可包括，例如，被计算成不期望靠近相邻牙齿或与相邻牙齿接触的器具位置，负面影响相邻牙齿和/或围绕可能的放置区域的区域的器具位置，不能提供附件和诸如矫正器的其他器具之间的恰当装配、和/或负面影响矫正器和/或器具周围的区域的位置以及其他。与器具表面的不恰当连接可包括，例如，可包括：不具有提供牢固结合表面以附着在器具上的牙齿表面，以及其他。
在一些实施例中，可能的放置区域528可以是“动态”的，其能够随着特定标准改变(例如，器具的形状和/或类型、结合材料和器具的材料等)而改变。例如，与具有第二形状的第二附件相比，当放置在牙齿的第一区域时，特定形状的附件可以具有更优选的结果，并具有在所述表面上的不同的表面形状以结合到牙齿的表面，因此能够改变可能的放置区域，使得用户界面能够向用户显示所述改变。
正如此处所述地，在一个或多个实施例中，用户能够在IOD上虚拟放置诸如器具的牙科器具，以确定作用在器具上的力。例如，确定作用在器具上的力能够判定所述器具是否会松动以及哪里将发生这样的松动。这能够有助于例如确定器具应该加强以减少或去除松动的那些点。
图6说明了根据本发明的一个或多个实施例的用于虚拟确定作用在牙齿上的力的系统。在图6中所示的系统中，系统包括：计算设备656，其具有相耦接的多个部件。计算设备656包括：处理器658和存储器660。存储器660可包括多种类型的信息，该信息包括此处讨论的数据662和可执行指令664。
存储器和/或处理器能够位于计算设备656上，或在一些实施例中在设备之外。因此，如在图6的实施例所示，系统可包括网络接口666。这种接口能够允许在其他的联网计算设备上进行处理、或这样的设备能够用于获取关于患者的信息或用于此处提供的多种实施例的可执行指令。
如在图6的实施例所示，系统可包括一个或多个输入和/或输出接口668。这样的接口能够用于将计算设备与一个或多个输入或输出设备相连接。
例如，在图6所示的实施例中，系统可包括与扫描设备670、相机底座672、输入设备674(例如，键盘、鼠标等)、显示设备676(例如，监视器)、打印机678和一个或多个其他的输入设备连接。输入/输出接口668能够接收数据，该数据可存储在数据存储设备(例如，存储器660)中，并且表示患者牙列的数字牙齿模型。
在一些实施例中，扫描设备670能够配置为：扫描一个或多个患者牙列的物理模型。在一个或多个实施例中，扫描设备670能够配置为直接扫描患者的牙列。扫描设备670能够配置为将数据输入到应用模块680。
相机底座672能够接收来自诸如数码相机或扫描打印的扫描仪的成像设备(例如，二维成像设备)的输入。来自显像设备的输入能够存储在数据存储设备(例如，存储器660)中。
处理器658能够配置为：在显示器676上提供虚拟牙齿模型的可视示出(例如，在处理器658运行GUI并在显示器676上可视)。GUI能够配置为：允许治疗专业人员或其他用户输入治疗目标，创建目标虚拟牙齿模型602，和/或输入所期望的或实际的牙科器具参数。通过GUI接收的输入能够作为数据发送到处理器658和/或存储在存储器660中。
这种连接能够允许数据和/或指令以及其他类型的信息的输入和/或输出。尽管一些实施例可能分布在一个或多个网络中的多种计算设备中，这样如图6所示的系统能够有助于允许对此处讨论的信息进行捕获、计算和/或分析。
与数据存储设备(例如，存储器660)相关联的处理器658能够与数据和/或应用模块680关联。与存储器660关联的处理器658能够存储和/或利用数据和/或执行指令，以提供用于虚拟检测作用在牙齿上的力的多个应用模块。
该数据可包括：初始虚拟牙齿模型600和目标虚拟牙齿模型602。该应用模块可包括：创建模块682、验证模块684、确定模块686和/或显示模块688。
计算模块684能够被配置为计算牙科器具的点接触力的所期望的位置、所期望的方向和所期望的相对大小，从而实现目标虚拟牙齿模型602。另外，计算模块能够基于牙科器具的材料性质、特征和牙齿的形状，判定在牙科器具上呈现的期望力。
创建模块682能够配置为基于治疗方案虚拟地创建牙科器具。例如，创建模块682能够创建多个牙科器具，诸如被配置为将牙齿从初始虚拟牙齿模型600移动到目标虚拟牙齿模型602的器具，其中每一个器具被配置为将牙齿移动从初始牙齿模型600到目标虚拟牙齿模型602的路径的一部分。在一些实施例中，单个牙科器具能够用于将牙齿移动到目标虚拟牙齿模型602。
确定模块686能够配置为：确定作用在创建的牙科器具和牙齿上的实际力，并验证牙科器具正在对包含在初始虚拟牙齿模型中的牙齿施加所期望的力参数。例如，确定模块686能够测试虚拟创建的牙科器具，并验证其具有点接触力的所期望的位置、方向、相对大小、所期望的应力量和牙科器具的所期望的独立接触。
显示模块688能够配置为显示虚拟创建的牙科器具和点接触力。显示模块688能够配置为在显示器设备676上显示信息。
图7是示出根据本发明的一个或多个实施例的用于确定施加在牙齿上的力的方法的流程图。牙齿的初始虚拟正畸数据(IOD)在790处接收。
IOD可以以多种方式接收，并可以包含多种信息。例如，IOD可包括连同初始牙齿或牙齿模型一起的牙龈结构和口腔骨骼结构。
患者的牙齿可以被成像为，利用直接和/或间接的结构光、X-射线、三维X-射线、激光、破坏性扫描、计算机辅助层析图像和/或数据、磁性共振图像、口内扫描技术、图像重建和/或其他的成像技术获得数字数据。IOD可包括从整个口腔牙齿布置到单颗牙齿的口腔的任何部分。
患者的多颗牙齿或单颗牙齿的正模型和/或负印象可以使用X射线、激光扫描器、破坏性扫描器、结构光和/或其他扫描系统扫描来生成用于IOD的数据。在一些实施例中，由扫描系统产生的数据可以转换为其他格式，以与用于在所述数据中操作图像的软件兼容。
在792处接收在虚拟IOD中包含的牙齿的治疗方案的所期望的牙齿位置。该所期望的位置可以是治疗专业人员和/或患者的选择。所期望的位置还可以是已被用于先前患者的具有相似牙齿定位的位置。
在794处计算为了达到所期望的牙齿位置而施加到牙齿的期望力和/或力矩。力和/或力矩能够利用牙科器具(例如，器具、陷窝等)施加。利用该期望的力和/或力矩，能够使用多个上述的创建工具虚拟创建牙科器具，所述创建工具包括编辑工具，以改变牙齿器具的形状或与与移动牙齿相关的其他的项目。在796处，牙科器具能够被最佳地调节，直到达到将牙齿从初始位置移动到期望位置的期望的力和力矩。
在一些实施例中，能够判定由患者、治疗专业人员和/或其他用户选择的牙科器具产生的实际力。基于该实际力，能够对牙齿上的放置牙科器具的区域进行选择。
也能够判定牙科器具在牙齿上的放置区域，而不需要实际力判定。待施加到牙齿的期望的力和力矩能够与判定的实际力进行比较，并且结果能够通过用户界面呈现给用户。
这能够有助于例如允许用户看到所述差别并调节牙科器具或其他与牙齿移动相关的项目的形状或位置。能够重新计算和/或示出实际力以显示修正形状和/或位置的修正力。
例如，如果牙科器具实现期望的结果、治疗目标或模型，则能够根据新的限制重新计算点接触力的所期望的位置，所期望的方向和/或所期望的相对大小。如果不符合期望的结果，也能够重新创建不同的形状的牙科器具。
在798处，设计矫正器的结构元件包括考虑了材料性质的最佳部件，以传递期望力。一旦判定了在牙齿上的力和/或力的力矩，就能够呈现在用户界面上(例如，力和/或力的力矩能够被呈现为示出期望力的方向和/或大小的矢量箭头)以及可能对用户有用的关于力的其他信息。
虚拟确定作用在牙齿和牙科器具上的力能够是有益的，原因包括：利用现实世界的力的信息、牙齿数据和/或其他结构数据来计算牙科器具的放置位置和/或可能的形状、或其他的器具特征，而不需要实际检测实际患者或成组患者的这些所有重复项目。结果可包括更准确地移动牙齿，从而减少治疗时间，提高患者的满意程度以及其他。
这些实施例中描述了足够的细节，以使本领域的技术人员能够实施本发明的一个或多个实施例。应理解，可以利用其它实施例，可以在不背离本发明的范围内，做出工艺、电气和/或结构改变。
应该理解，各种实施例示出的元件此处能够被增加、更换、组合和/或去除，以提供本发明的附加实施例。在本图中提供的元件的比例和相对尺寸是旨在示出本发明的实施例，而不应作为限制。
此处使用的“一”或“一些”物体能够指一个或多个这样的物体。例如，“一些计算设备”是指一个或多个计算设备。
尽管在这里已经描述并示出了特定的实施例，但本技术领域的技术人员应该知道，计算以实现相同技术的任何布置能够被代替以用于示出的特定实施例。本发明旨在涵盖公开的多种实施例的任何和所有修改和变型。
应该知道，上述描述以说明性方式进行，不作为限制。本领域技术人员审阅上述描写后，不特别在此处描述的上述实施例的结合和其他实施例对本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。
本发明的多种实施例的范围包括：使用了上述结构和方法的任何其他的应用。因此，本发明的多种实施例的范围应该参考附加的权利要求判定，伴随与权利要求赋予的范围同等的完整范围。
在上述详细描述中，为使本发明简明，在图中所示的实例实施例中多种功能被组合在一起。这种发明的方法不应解释为，反映本发明的实施例需要比每条权利要求中明确表达的更多技术特征的意图。
相反，如以下权利要求所反映，发明的主题少于单独公开的一个实施例的所有技术特征。因此，将以下权利要求并入详细描述，每个权利要求本身作为一个单独的实施例成立。

Claims (20)

1.一种使用计算设备实施的方法，该方法虚拟地确定作用在牙齿上的力，该方法包括：
接收包括牙齿数据的初始正畸数据(IOD)；
从所述IOD创建一组虚拟牙齿；
接收牙科器具信息，该牙科器具信息包括牙科器具的材料性质和特征中的至少一个材料性质或特征；
将由所述牙科器具信息形成的牙科器具虚拟地放置到所述一组虚拟牙齿上；
基于来自所述IOD的信息和所述牙科器具信息，计算所述牙科器具的一个或多个期望力的参数，以实现治疗方案的特定段的最终位置；以及
基于来自所述IOD的信息和所述牙科器具信息，预估由所述虚拟地放置的牙科器具产生的施加到一颗或多颗牙齿的一个或多个实际力，并且基于所述一个或多个期望力与所预估的所述一个或多个实际力的比较，验证所述虚拟地放置的牙科器具将期望力的参数施加到所述一颗或多颗牙齿。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述方法包括：基于所述牙科器具的材料性质、特征以及口腔的特征，通过反复地虚拟检测并调整所述牙科器具的几何形状和位置，以达到将牙齿移动到第一阶段牙齿位置的期望力，从而设计最佳的所述牙科器具，以实现用于将所述牙齿移动到所述第一阶段牙齿位置的期望结果。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：通过用户界面显示施加到一颗或多颗牙齿的所述一个或多个的力以及期望力。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：将一个或多个期望力与相对应的预估的实际力比较，并且经由用户界面显示结果。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，期望力和预估的实际力包括以下中的至少一个：牙齿和牙科器具之间接触的点、所述牙科器具的点接触力的相对大小、在所述牙科器具上的应力的量，以及所述牙科器具的独立接触。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，治疗方案具有复数个牙科器具，并且其中，所述器具包括矫正器和附件。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，判定期望力的参数包括来自患者的口腔、正畸操作训练模具数据和扫描得到的所述牙科器具数据中至少一个的数据。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述牙科器具的材料性质和特征包括：所述牙科器具的厚度、在所述牙科器具中的陷窝，增强结构和用于构造所述牙科器具的材料的强度。
9.一种用于虚拟确定作用在牙齿上的力的系统，包括：
处理器；
存储器，该存储器具有可由所述处理器执行的指令，用于：
接收患者的牙齿的初始正畸数据(IOD)；
基于代表治疗方案的所述IOD，确定所述牙齿的虚拟目标牙模型；
确定在所述治疗方案中利用的一个或多个虚拟创建的牙科器具；
计算所述牙科器具的一个或多个期望力的参数，以实现所述治疗方案的特定段的最终位置；以及
预估由所述虚拟创建的牙科器具产生的施加到一颗或多颗牙齿的实际力，并且基于所述期望力与所预估的所述实际力的比较，验证所述虚拟创建的牙科器具将期望力的参数施加到所述一颗或多颗牙齿。
10.如权利要求9所述的系统，其中，所述期望力的参数和预估的存在的实际力包括：所述牙科器具的点接触力的相对大小、在所述牙科器具上的应力的量和所述牙科器具的独立接触中的至少一个。
11.如权利要求10所述的系统，其中，所述点接触力的相对大小作为示出方向和大小的力和力矩矢量箭头被显示在用户界面上。
12.如权利要求10所述的系统，其中，在所述牙科器具上的所述应力的量作为色度被显示在用户界面上。
13.如权利要求10所述的系统，其中，所述牙科器具的所述独立接触被显示为箭头。
14.如权利要求9所述的系统，其中，呈现在所述虚拟创建的牙科器具上的所预估的所述实际力被显示在用户界面上。
15.如权利要求9所述的系统，该系统包括数据库，该数据库包括以下中的至少一个：牙齿形状、器具形状、器具特征、固定材料特征、牙齿结构和口腔结构。
16.一种非暂时性的计算设备可读介质，该介质具有可执行的指令，该指令能够由处理器执行，以使所述计算设备进行一种虚拟确定作用在牙齿上的力的方法，该方法包括：
接收牙齿的初始正畸数据(IOD)；
接收治疗方案的期望的牙齿位置，该治疗方案用于包括在所述IOD中的所述牙齿；
计算期望力和期望的力矩，以施加到所述牙齿，从而达到所述期望的牙齿位置；
基于来自所述IOD的信息和牙科器具信息，计算由虚拟地放置的牙科器具产生的施加到一颗或多颗牙齿的预估的实际力和实际力矩，并且验证所述虚拟地放置的牙科器具将所述期望力或所述期望的力矩施加到所述一颗或多颗牙齿；以及
基于所述期望力和期望的力矩与所预估的所述实际力和实际力矩的比较，设计优化的牙科器具形状和位置，以使所述牙齿移动到所述期望的牙齿位置。
17.如权利要求16所述的介质，其中，设计优化的牙科器具形状和位置包括：
基于所述比较，反复地虚拟检测和调整所述牙科器具，以试图达到将特定牙齿从初始位置移动到期望的位置的所述期望力和力矩。
18.如权利要求17所述的介质，还包括：
通过用户界面显示所述期望力和所述期望的力矩；以及
通过所述用户界面显示由所述牙科器具施加到所述牙齿的所预估的所述实际力和力矩。
19.如权利要求17所述的介质，其中，如果没有获得所述期望力和力矩，则用户利用所述用户界面修改所述牙科器具的位置、形状和方向中的一个。
20.如权利要求16所述的介质，其中，计算位置、形状和方向中的新的一个，并且通过用户界面将位置、形状和方向中的所述新的一个建议给用户。
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