CN102971838A - 内插板和用于在内插板中制造孔的方法 - Google Patents

内插板和用于在内插板中制造孔的方法 Download PDF

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CN102971838A
CN102971838A CN2011800327978A CN201180032797A CN102971838A CN 102971838 A CN102971838 A CN 102971838A CN 2011800327978 A CN2011800327978 A CN 2011800327978A CN 201180032797 A CN201180032797 A CN 201180032797A CN 102971838 A CN102971838 A CN 102971838A
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奥利佛·雅克尔
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Abstract

用于在CPU芯片和电路板之间电连接的内插板。由玻璃制成的板状基础基底(1)具有在介于3.1×10-6和3.4×10-6之间的范围内的热膨胀系数和数量在介于10和10000cm-2之间的范围内的孔(12)。存在直径可以在介于20μm和200μm之间的范围内的孔(12)。在一个板侧面上分布有导电通路(13),这些导电通路(13)各延伸进入孔(12)中并穿过孔(12)到另一板侧面上,以便形成针对芯片的接点。

Description

内插板和用于在内插板中制造孔的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于将CPU芯片的接口与电路板电连接的内插板,本发明还涉及在内插板的关键制造步骤中所使用的方法。
背景技术
作为处理器核心的CPU芯片典型地在其下侧面上具有在相对小的面积上分布的数百个彼此狭窄间隔的触点。由于所述狭窄间隔,这些触点不可以直接装配在电路板、所谓的母板上。因此应用中间部件,用所述中间部件可以拓宽接触基础。作为中间部件,通常使用用环氧化物材料加套的、设有一定数量的孔的玻璃纤维垫。在玻璃纤维垫的表面上铺设导电通路,导电通路引入各自的孔中以便填充这些孔并在玻璃纤维垫的另一侧面上引导直至处理器核心的接口触点。为了实现该目的,绕处理器核心以及在处理器核心和玻璃纤维垫之间施布回填料(底部填充料),所述回填料保护传导并将处理器核心与玻璃纤维垫彼此机械连接。但是,处理器核心和玻璃纤维垫具有不同的热膨胀。玻璃纤维垫具有15至17×10-6的膨胀系数,而硅基核心处理器具有3.2至3.3×10-6的热膨胀系数。因此,在出现升温的情况下,在核心处理器和玻璃纤维垫之间出现差别的膨胀进而在这两个组件之间出现张力。特别地,当这两个组件并不完全面式地彼此连接时,这会危害接触连接。之后可能容易地折断接触部位。
玻璃纤维垫的应用具有其它的缺点,该缺点与在玻璃纤维垫中的机械打孔相关。孔直径界限在250至450μm上。
WO 02/058135A2中描述了可以以内插板类型使用的连接结构的构造和制造的其它可能性。应用了伴随在介电材料、例如氧化硅中产生孔和凹槽并用传导层填充所述孔和凹槽的晶片技术。但是这种接触连接的制造方式极为昂贵。
DE 103 01 291 B3中介绍了相似技术。在基底中蚀刻加深部并通过由金属制成的导电通路填充所述加深部,其中,接触也贯穿通过孔。该技术耗费且昂贵。
US 2002/0180015A1显示了针对大量芯片的模块,所述模块具有半导体结构组件和用于施布所述半导体结构组件的布线基底。所述布线基底包括通过喷砂处理而形成的带有孔的玻璃基底。在所述玻璃基底的表面上形成布线层。所述玻璃基底此外具有接线和绝缘层。要追求的是,选择接近硅的系数的玻璃基底的热膨胀系数。
US 5,216,207显示了具有银导体的多个层的陶瓷电路板。这些层在低温下烘烤。所述电路板具有接近硅的热膨胀系数。
US 2009/0321114A1显示了用于电试验的具有多层陶瓷基底的基底单元。虽然所使用的材料具有接近该发明的相应值的热膨胀系数,但不是纯玻璃。
US 7,550,321Bl显示了热膨胀系数在厚度方向上具有梯度的基底。
来自Optics Letters的技术文献“Femtosecond laser-assistedthreedimensional microfabrication in silica”,第26卷,第5期,2001年3月1日,第277至279页描述了在硅酸盐玻璃中的直接的三维微制造。所述制造过程在两个步骤中进行。首先借助于聚焦的飞秒激光脉冲在玻璃中预先绘制设置好的图案。然后蚀刻这些图案。
发明内容
本发明所基于的任务是提供一种用于在CPU芯片和电路板之间的电连接的可经济制造的内插板,在此使得制造孔径为20μm到200μm数量级的微孔成为可能,并且内插板本体具有与CPU芯片材料的热膨胀相似的热膨胀。
在该新型内插板的情况下应可以满足如下要求:
每个内插板地应该可以在孔彼此间的较小公差的情况下设置多个小孔(10至10000)。在此还必须可以维持低至30μm的孔间隔。孔直径应该可以降低至20μm的大小。内插板的厚度和孔直径之间的比例、所谓的纵横比应介于1和10之间。孔的中点间隔应可以介于120μm至400μm之间。孔形状应该在孔入口和孔出口处圆锥状或火山口状地,但是在孔内平面中间(Lochlaibungsmitte)尽可能为柱体状地构造。孔壁应为平滑的(火抛光)。必要时,绕孔边缘周围也应该存在至多5mm凸起高度的凸起。
根据本发明的内插板的特征在于,其板状基底由玻璃制成,所述玻璃的热膨胀系数在介于3.1×10-6和3.4×10-6之间的范围内。硅基芯片板具有介于3.2×10-6和3.3×10-6之间的膨胀系数。因此预料到在内插板和CPU芯片之间没有由于不同的热膨胀表现的很大的机械张力。
在内插板中的孔的数量根据各自的要求不同进行选择并且可以为至多10000孔每cm2。通常的孔数量在1000至3000的范围内。孔的孔中心间隔在50μm和700μm的范围内。为了适应构件微型化的要求,具有直径在介于20μm和200μm之间的范围内的孔。为了在CPU芯片和其电路板之间制造电连接,导电通路在内插板的一个板侧面上延伸直至进入孔中并贯穿这些孔,以形成针对CPU芯片的接点。
基础基底的玻璃应包含小于700ppm的碱含量。正如所要求的,这种玻璃具有低的热膨胀系数并且由于高介电值而具有极好的信号隔离特性。此外很大程度上避免了硅处理器以碱污染的危险。
出于环保的原因,玻璃组成包含小于50ppm的砷含量或锑含量。
内插板具有小于1mm但是不低于30μm的板厚度。内插板的孔数量根据需要不同进行选择并且在1000至3000孔/cm2的数量级内。利用本发明宣告在市场上供应具有小于100μm的微孔的内插板。这些孔相应地狭窄地装入,其中,孔的中心间隔在介于150μm和400μm之间的范围内。但是孔的孔边缘间隔不应低于30μm。孔不必全部具有相同的直径,有可能在板状基础基底中存在不同直径的孔。玻璃板厚度与孔直径的比例、所谓的纵横比可以在0.1至25的宽范围中进行选择,其中,纵横比比例优选从1至10。孔通常细长地柱体形地设计,但是在孔入口和孔出口处也可配备有倒圆断开的(abgerundet-gebrochenen)棱边。
为了精确地定位直径可以在20μm到200μm范围内的孔,使用在玻璃透射的波长范围内的聚焦的激光脉冲,从而使得激光光束进入玻璃并且不能已经在玻璃的边缘层中被吸收。使用极高辐射强度的激光辐射,因此沿着丝状通道出现玻璃的局部的非热力的破坏。然后将丝状通道扩宽到孔的期望的直径,其中,可以使用介电击穿,这些介电击穿引起电热加热和孔边缘材料的汽化,和/或丝状通道通过供应活性气体来扩宽。
也可以通过点状地印到基础基底上的HF-耦联材料精确地标记已设置的穿孔部位。通过HF-能量加热这样的经标记的部位,以便在已设置的孔的区域中相对高电压来降低击穿强度,并最终在这些部位处获得介电击穿。可以通过供应的蚀刻气体来扩宽这些击穿部位。
在板状玻璃基底上穿过孔地制造导电通路根据已知方法模式进行并且这里不必进一步描述。
附图说明
借助于附图描述本发明的实施例。在此:
图1以纵向剖面图示出了内插板的制造方式的示意图;和
图2示出了第二种制造方式。
具体实施方式
在第一个方法步骤中,在板状玻璃基底1上通过由激光器40的系统4发出的经聚焦的激光脉冲41来标记穿孔部位10。所述激光器的辐射强度这样地强,从而使得在玻璃中沿着丝状通道11造成局部非热力的破坏。
在第二个方法步骤中,将丝状通道11扩宽成孔12。在此可以使用被供应高压电能的对置电极6和7,这导致沿着丝状通道11穿过玻璃基底的介电击穿。通过电热加热和孔材料的汽化扩宽这些击穿部,直至在达到期望的孔直径时通过切断能量供应而停止该过程。
备选地或者额外地,也可以通过活性气体扩宽丝状通道11,如通过喷嘴20、30所示那样,这些喷嘴将气体指到穿孔部位10上。
在下一个方法步骤中,在玻璃板1的顶面上施布向穿孔部位10去的导电通路13,并通过传导的材料14填充孔12,以便在板的下侧面上使得与CPU芯片的触点或类似物的接口完备。(为了安装在母板上,将玻璃板1进行翻转。)
图2显示了制造微孔的其它可能性。通过精确印上的HF-耦联材料标记穿孔部位10。在这些部位10上借助于电极2、3耦入高频能量,从而使得耦联点本身和在上侧的耦联点和下侧的耦联点之间的玻璃材料被加热,这导致材料击穿强度的降低。当施加高压时,出现沿着狭窄通道11的介电击穿。通过进一步供应高压电能可以将这些狭窄通道11扩宽到孔12的大小。
但是也有可能通过由喷嘴20、30供应的活性气体来进行狭窄通道11由于介电击穿的扩宽。
最后在玻璃基底的顶面上施布至孔12的导电通路13,并用传导材料14填充孔,以在翻转玻璃板1的情况下制造用于CPU芯片的接口。
应注意,内插板不必单个地制造,而是可以将玻璃基底板针对大量内插板通过如下方式来处理,即,分割大规格的玻璃基底板,以便得到单个内插板。可以将玻璃基底板的规格以0.2m到3m(或更小)的边长进行处理。圆片规格可以具有直至1m的尺寸。
实施例
由除了不可避免的杂质之外常见的基本上不含碱的原料在1620摄氏度下在Pt/Ir-坩埚中熔化玻璃。将熔液在该温度下澄清一个半小时,然后浇注在以感应方式运行的铂金坩埚中并在1550摄氏度下搅拌30分钟用以均质化。
表格显示了合适玻璃的15个例子及其组成(基于氧化物以重量%计)和它们的最重要的特性。伴随0.3重量%成分的澄清剂SnO2(例子1-8、11、12、14、15)或者说As2O3(例子9、10、13)并未列出。给出如下特性:
-热膨胀系数α20/300(10-6/K)
-密度ρ(g/cm3
-根据DIN 52324的膨胀转变温度Tg(°C)
-在粘度104dPas下的温度(称为T4)(°C)
-由Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann方程计算的在粘度102dPas下的温度(称为T2)(°C)
-耐酸性“HCl”,其为尺寸50mm×50mm×2mm的全侧抛光玻璃小板在95°C下用5%盐酸处理24小时之后的重量损失(去除值)(mg/cm2
-相对于缓冲氢氟酸的耐性“BHF”,其为尺寸50mm×50mm×2mm的全侧抛光的玻璃小板在23°C下用10%NH4F处理20分钟之后的重量损失(去除值)(mg/cm2
-折射率nd
例子:
根据本发明的玻璃的组成(基于氧化物以重量%计)和重要特性
Figure BDA00002686447200071
Figure BDA00002686447200072
Figure BDA00002686447200081
n.b.=未确定
正如实施例所说明的那样,所述玻璃具有如下有利特性:
-介于2.8×10-6/K和3.8×10-6/K之间的热膨胀α20/300,在优选的实施方式中为≤3.6×10-6/K,在特别优选的实施方式中为<3.2×10-6/K,因此适配非晶质的硅以及增长的多晶硅的膨胀表现。
-具有Tg>700°C的高转变温度、也就是高耐温性。这对于尽可能小的制造造成的收缩(“压缩”)来说是重要的,并且对于使用玻璃作为基底而言针对用非晶质的Si层的涂层及其随后的退火是重要的。
-具有ρ<2.600g/cm3的低密度
-在粘度104dPas下的温度(处理温度VA)为最大1350°C,且在粘度102dPas下的温度为最大1720°C,这在热成形以及可熔性方面意味着合适的粘度特征曲线。
-具有nd≤1.526的低折射率。
-特别通过相对缓冲氢氟酸溶液的良好耐性而表现的高化学耐性。
所述玻璃具有高的耐温度变化性和良好的反玻璃化稳定性。所述玻璃可以作为平板玻璃用不同的拉制方法、例如微层下拉法、上拉法或溢流熔融法制造,并且在优选的实施方案中,当其不含AS2O3和Sb2O3时,也可以用浮法制造。
利用这些特性,所述玻璃特别适合在内插板的制造中用作基底玻璃。
通过使用由低碱的玻璃制成的且具有非常接近由硅材料制成的芯片的热膨胀系数的基础基底,很大程度上避免了由于内插板和CPU芯片的不同热膨胀而造成的缺点。当彼此连接的相邻材料层或材料板仅以很小的区别被加热且热膨胀系数区别很小时,在这些连接的层或板之间产生较小的机械张力,并且在这些层或板之间不会出现扭曲或裂纹。
相对迄今为止的内插板更密集地具有孔的内插板占据更小的基底大小,由此进一步降低参与的层或板的不同膨胀和收缩的程度进而进一步减少扭曲的危险进而进一步减少在参与的层或板之间的裂纹形成。
最后,还由于(在更小的内插板大小和孔大小的情况下)必须使用更少的玻璃材料和用于填充孔的传导材料,所以预料到成本降低。

Claims (17)

1.用于在CPU芯片和电路板之间的电连接的内插板,具有如下特征:
由玻璃制成的具有第一和第二板侧面的板状的基础基底(1);
所述基础基底(1)的热膨胀系数在3.1×10-6/°C至3.4×10-6/°C的范围内;
所述基础基底具有垂直于所述板侧面的孔(12),所述孔(12)在10至10000cm-2的范围内;
存在直径能够在20μm至200μm范围内的孔(12);
所述孔(12)从孔中心至孔中心测量的间隔在50μm至700μm的范围内;
在所述第一板侧面上分布有导电通路(13),所述导电通路(13)各延伸进入所述孔(12)中并穿过所述孔到所述第二板侧面上,以形成用于所述CPU芯片的接点。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内插板,其中,所述基础基底的玻璃包含小于700ppm的碱含量。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的内插板,其中,所述基础基底的玻璃包含小于50ppm的砷含量或锑含量。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的内插板,其中,热膨胀系数为3.2×10-6
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的内插板,其中,所述基底(1)的板厚度在30μm至1000μm的范围内。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的内插板,其中,所述孔数量在1000至3000cm-2的范围内。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的内插板,其中,所述孔(12)的直径最大为100μm。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的内插板,其中,所述孔(12)的中心间隔在150μm至400μm的范围内。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的内插板,其中,所述孔(12)的孔棱边间隔至少为30μm。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的内插板,其中,在所述板状的基础基底(1)中存在不同直径的孔(12)。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的内插板,其中,遵守如下尺寸比例:
孔中心间隔与孔直径的尺寸比例在1至10的范围内;
孔棱边间隔与孔直径的尺寸比例在1至9的范围内;
基底的板厚度与孔直径的尺寸比例在0.1至25的范围内。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的内插板,其中,在所述基础基底的板侧面和孔内平面之间的孔棱边是倒圆断开的。
13.用于在根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的内插板中制造孔的方法,具有如下步骤:
a)提供待打孔的由玻璃制成的基础基底(1);
b)将多重激光光束系统(4)对准所述基础基底(1)的预先确定的穿孔部位(10);
c)触发波长范围在1600至200nm的聚焦的激光脉冲(41),玻璃在所述波长范围内至少部分是可透射的,并且所述聚焦的激光脉冲的辐射强度引起玻璃沿着各一个丝状通道(11)的局部的非热力的破坏;
d)将所述丝状通道(11)扩宽到孔(12)的期望直径。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述丝状通道(11)的扩宽通过由于介电击穿而引起的电热加热和孔材料的汽化来进行。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述丝状通道(11)的扩宽通过活性气体来进行。
16.用于在根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的内插板中制造孔的方法,具有如下步骤:
a)点状地在已设置的穿孔部位(10)上用HF耦联材料双侧印刷由玻璃制成的基础基底(1);
b)将已印刷的基础基底(1)放置到两侧具有板状HF电极(2、3)的处理空间中;
c)向所述基础基底(1)加载HF能量,所述HF能量主要加热点状施布的HF耦联材料,直至在该处发生所述基础基底的材料的软化;
d)在电极(2、3)之间产生高压,以产生从HF耦联点开始的由于介电击穿的狭窄通道(11)。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中,由于介电击穿的所述狭窄通道(11)到孔(12)的扩宽通过深的活性离子蚀刻来进行。
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US11744015B2 (en) 2023-08-29
CN102971838B (zh) 2015-11-25
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