WO2015111740A1 - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、リチウム二次電池用正極、及びリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、リチウム二次電池用正極、及びリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery, a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery, and a lithium secondary battery.
- the lithium-containing composite metal oxide is used as a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
- Lithium secondary batteries have already been put into practical use as small power sources for mobile phones and notebook computers, and have been tried to be applied to medium and large power sources for automobiles and power storage.
- the use of a lithium nickel composite oxide having a large charge / discharge capacity has been studied.
- this lithium nickel composite oxide has a large charge / discharge capacity, the thermal stability during charging is inferior to that of other lithium-containing composite oxides such as lithium cobalt composite oxide.
- Patent Document 1 As a conventional positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery, for example, in Patent Document 1, by forming a coating layer such as a lithium manganese composite oxide having a different composition depending on a part on the surface of a lithium nickel composite oxide. A technique for improving thermal stability during charging is described.
- lithium secondary batteries obtained using the above-described conventional lithium-containing composite metal oxides as positive electrode active materials for lithium secondary batteries are used in applications that require high output at a high current rate, such as automobile applications and In power tool applications such as electric tools, the required high output cannot be achieved.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and by controlling the composition and particle morphology of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide and further forming a coating layer, it has a higher output at a higher current rate than before.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery that is excellent in performance. It is another object of the present invention to provide a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery using such a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
- one embodiment of the present invention includes a coating layer on a surface of a lithium-containing composite metal oxide including secondary particles formed by agglomerating primary particles that can be doped and dedoped with lithium ions.
- a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery that satisfies the following requirements (1) to (3) is provided.
- the lithium-containing composite metal oxide has an ⁇ -NaFeO 2 type crystal structure represented by the formula (A). Li a (Ni b Co c M 1 1-bc ) O 2 (A)
- M 1 is Mg, Al, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd Represents at least one arbitrary metal selected from the group consisting of In and Sn.
- the coating layer includes a metal composite oxide of Li and M 2 (M 2 represents any one or more arbitrary metals of Al, Ti, Zr, and W).
- the positive active material for a lithium secondary battery has an average secondary particle diameter of 2 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, a BET specific surface area of 0.1 m 2 / g to 2.5 m 2 / g, The value obtained by dividing by the light clothing density is 1.0 or more and 2.0 or less.
- M 1 is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, Mn, Zn, Ga, Zr and Sn, and Mg, Al, Mn, Zn And at least one selected from the group consisting of Sn.
- the weight density is preferably 1.0 g / cm 3 or more and 3.5 g / cm 3 or less.
- the value of 90% cumulative diameter (D 90 ) / 10% cumulative diameter (D 10 ) determined from the particle size distribution measurement value is preferably 1 or more and 5 or less.
- the ratio of the atomic ratio of M 2 to the sum of the atomic ratios of Ni, Co, and M 1 is preferably 0.1 to 5 mol%.
- M 2 is preferably Al.
- the coating layer is preferably lithium aluminate.
- one embodiment of the present invention provides a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery having the above-described positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
- one embodiment of the present invention provides a lithium secondary battery including the negative electrode and the positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery described above.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery that is useful for a lithium secondary battery that exhibits a high output at a higher current rate than before. Moreover, the positive electrode for lithium secondary batteries and the lithium secondary battery using such a positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries can be provided.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of a lithium secondary battery.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of a lithium secondary battery.
- the positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery of this embodiment includes a coating layer on the surface of a lithium-containing composite metal oxide composed of secondary particles formed by agglomerating primary particles that can be doped and dedoped with lithium ions.
- the lithium-containing composite metal oxide has an ⁇ -NaFeO 2 type crystal structure represented by the formula (A). Li a (Ni b Co c M 1 1-bc ) O 2 (A)
- M 1 is Mg, Al, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd Represents at least one arbitrary metal selected from the group consisting of In and Sn.
- the coating layer includes a metal composite oxide of Li and M 2 (M 2 represents any one or more arbitrary metals of Al, Ti, Zr, and W).
- the positive active material for a lithium secondary battery has an average secondary particle diameter of 2 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, a BET specific surface area of 0.1 m 2 / g to 2.5 m 2 / g, The value obtained by dividing by the light clothing density is 1.0 or more and 2.0 or less.
- the positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment will be described in detail.
- the positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to this embodiment includes a lithium-containing composite metal oxide in a core portion and a coating layer that covers the core portion.
- the crystal structure of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide in the present embodiment is an ⁇ -NaFeO 2 type layered structure, and more preferably a hexagonal crystal structure or a monoclinic crystal structure.
- the hexagonal crystal structures are P3, P3 1 , P3 2 , R3, P-3, R-3, P312, P321, P3 1 12, P3 1 21, P3 2 12, P3 2 21, R32, P3m1, P31m, P3c1, P31c, R3m, R3c, P-31m, P-31c, P-3m1, P-3c1, R-3m, R-3c, P6, P6 1 , P6 5 , P6 2 , P6 4 , P6 3 , P-6, P6 / m, P6 3 / m, P622, P6 1 22, P6 5 22, P6 2 22, P6 4 22, P6 3 22, P6 mm, P6 cc, P6 3 cm, P6 3 mc, P- It belongs to any one space group selected from the group consisting of 6m2, P-6c2, P-62m, P-62c, P6 / mmm, P6 / mcc, P6 3 / mcm, P-
- the monoclinic crystal structure is P2, P2 1 , C2, Pm, Pc, Cm, Cc, P2 / m, P2 1 / m, C2 / m, P2 / c, P2 1 / c, C2 / It belongs to any one space group selected from the group consisting of c.
- the crystal structure of the positive electrode active material for the lithium secondary battery is a hexagonal crystal structure belonging to the space group R-3m, or C2 / A monoclinic crystal structure belonging to m is particularly preferable.
- the space group of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide can be confirmed as follows.
- powder X-ray diffraction measurement was performed using Cu—K ⁇ as a radiation source and a measurement range of a diffraction angle 2 ⁇ of 10 ° or more and 90 ° or less.
- Rietveld analysis is performed to determine the crystal structure of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide and the space group in this crystal structure.
- Rietveld analysis is a technique for analyzing the crystal structure of a material using diffraction peak data (diffraction peak intensity, diffraction angle 2 ⁇ ) in powder X-ray diffraction measurement of the material, and is a conventionally used technique. (See, for example, “Practice of Powder X-ray Analysis—Introduction to Rietveld Method”, published on February 10, 2002, edited by the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry X-ray Analysis Research Meeting)
- a is in the range of 0.9 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2.
- a is preferably in the range of 0.95 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2, more preferably in the range of 0.96 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.15, and 0.97 ⁇
- the range of a ⁇ 1.1 is more preferable, and the range of 0.98 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.05 is most preferable.
- b is in the range of 0.9 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.
- b is preferably in the range of 0.9 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.98, more preferably in the range of 0.9 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.95, and 0.9 ⁇ b. Even more preferably, it is in the range of b ⁇ 0.92.
- c is in the range of 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.1.
- c is preferably in the range of 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.09, more preferably in the range of 0.01 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.08, and 0.02 ⁇ c ⁇
- a range of 0.07 is more preferable, and a range of 0.03 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.06 is most preferable.
- B + c is in the range of 0.9 ⁇ b + c ⁇ 1, preferably in the range of 0.9 ⁇ b + c ⁇ 1, more preferably in the range of 0.92 ⁇ b + c ⁇ 1, More preferably, the range is 93 ⁇ b + c ⁇ 1.
- M 1 is Mg, Al, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Sr, Y, Zr , Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, and Sn, at least one arbitrary metal selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, Mn, Zn, Ga, Zr And at least one selected from the group consisting of Sn, more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Mn, Zn and Sn, and a group consisting of Mg, Al and Mn More preferably, it is at least one selected from the group consisting of more.
- Coating layer comprises a metal composite oxide of Li and M 2.
- M 2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Ti, Zr and W, and is preferably Al.
- the coating layer is preferably lithium aluminate, more preferably ⁇ -lithium aluminate.
- the coating layer may further contain at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni.
- the ratio of the atomic ratio of M 2 in the coating layer to the sum of the atomic ratios of Ni, Co and M 1 in the lithium-containing composite metal oxide is preferably from 0.1 to 5 mol%, more preferably from 0.1 to 3 mol%. Further, it is preferably 1 to 3 mol%.
- the composition of the coating layer can be confirmed by using STEM-EDX element line analysis, inductively coupled plasma emission analysis, electron beam microanalyzer analysis, etc. of the secondary particle cross section.
- the crystal structure of the coating layer can be confirmed using powder X-ray diffraction or electron beam diffraction.
- the particle form of the positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery of this embodiment is a secondary particle formed by agglomerating primary particles.
- the average primary particle diameter is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 2.0 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 1.5 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more in order to enhance the effect of the present invention. More preferably, it is 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the average primary particle diameter can be measured by SEM observation.
- the average secondary particle size of the secondary particles formed by agglomerating primary particles is 2 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 2 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less in order to enhance the effect of the present invention, and 5 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m. More preferably, it is as follows.
- the “average secondary particle size” of the positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery refers to a value measured by the following method (laser diffraction scattering method).
- 0.1 g of a powder of a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery is put into 50 ml of a 0.2 mass% sodium hexametaphosphate aqueous solution to obtain a dispersion in which the powder is dispersed.
- a particle size distribution is measured using the master sizer 2000 (laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measuring apparatus) by Malvern, and a volume-based cumulative particle size distribution curve is obtained.
- the value of the particle diameter (D 50 ) viewed from the fine particle side at 50% accumulation was taken as the average secondary particle diameter of the positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries.
- D 10 the particle size as seen from the microparticles side at 10% accumulates (D 10) of 10% cumulative diameter
- cumulative particle size as seen from the microparticles side at 90% accumulates (D 90) 90% The diameter.
- BET specific surface area of the positive active material for a lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment is 0.1 m 2 / g or more 2.5 m 2 / g or less. In order to increase energy density, it is preferably 0.1 m 2 / g or more and 1.5 m 2 / g or less, and more preferably 0.2 m 2 / g or more and 0.6 m 2 / g or less.
- divided the heavy packing density of the positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries of this embodiment by the light packing density is 1.0 or more and 2.0 or less. In order to enhance the effect of the present invention, it is preferably 1.1 or more and less than 2, more preferably 1.2 or more and 1.9 or less, and further preferably 1.2 or more and 1.8 or less. .
- the weight density is preferably 1.0 g / cm 3 or more and 3.5 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 2.0 g / cm 3 or more and 3.0 g / cm 3 or less, and 2.2 g / cm 3 or less. it is more preferably 3 or more 2.7 g / cm 3 or less.
- the light weight density is preferably 0.5 g / cm 3 or more and 2.4 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 1.4 g / cm 3 or more and 2.2 g / cm 3 or less, and 1.5 g / cm 3. More preferably, it is 2.1 g / cm 3 or less, and particularly preferably 1.6 g / cm 3 or more and 2.0 g / cm 3 or less.
- the heavy equipment density corresponds to the tap bulk density in JIS R 1628-1997
- the light equipment density corresponds to the initial bulk density in JIS R 1628-1997.
- the particle size distribution of the positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment is 90% cumulative diameter (D 90 ) / 10% cumulative diameter (D 10 ) determined from the measured particle size distribution. Is preferably 1 or more and 5 or less, more preferably more than 1 and 4 or less, further preferably 1.1 or more and 3 or less, and 1.3 or more and 2.5 or less. Particularly preferred is 1.5 or more and 2.3 or less.
- the positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to the present embodiment has a (104) diffraction peak when the diffraction peak is assigned as the space group R3-m ( 003)
- the diffraction peak intensity ratio is preferably 1 or more and 10 or less, more preferably 1.2 or more and 5 or less, and further preferably 1.6 or more and 3 or less.
- active materials may be mixed with the positive electrode active material for the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment within a range not impairing the effects of the present embodiment.
- Metals other than lithium that is, Ni and Co, and Mg, Al, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu
- a metal composite compound containing at least one arbitrary metal selected from the group consisting of Zn, Ga, Ge, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, and Sn It is preferable to prepare and calcinate the metal composite compound with an appropriate lithium salt.
- a metal complex compound a metal complex hydroxide or a metal complex oxide is preferable. Below, an example of the manufacturing method of a lithium containing composite metal oxide is divided and demonstrated to the manufacturing process of a metal composite compound, and the manufacturing process of a lithium containing composite metal oxide.
- the metal complex compound can be produced by a generally known batch method or coprecipitation method.
- the manufacturing method will be described in detail by taking a metal composite hydroxide containing nickel, cobalt, and manganese as an example.
- a nickel salt solution, a cobalt salt solution, a manganese salt solution, and a complexing agent are reacted by a coprecipitation method, in particular, a continuous method described in JP-A-2002-201028, and Ni x Co y Mn z (OH) 2
- a metal composite hydroxide represented by the formula (where x + y + z 1) is produced.
- nickel salt which is the solute of the said nickel salt solution For example, any one of nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, and nickel acetate can be used.
- cobalt salt that is a solute of the cobalt salt solution for example, any one of cobalt sulfate, cobalt nitrate, and cobalt chloride can be used.
- manganese salt that is a solute of the manganese salt solution for example, any one of manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, and manganese chloride can be used.
- the above metal salt is used in a proportion corresponding to the composition ratio of Ni x Co y Mn z (OH) 2 .
- water is used as a solvent.
- the complexing agent is capable of forming a complex with nickel, cobalt, and manganese ions in an aqueous solution.
- an ammonium ion supplier (ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, ammonium fluoride, etc.), hydrazine, Examples include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, uracil diacetic acid, and glycine.
- an alkali metal hydroxide for example, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide
- an alkali metal hydroxide for example, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide
- the complexing agent When the complexing agent is continuously supplied to the reaction vessel in addition to the nickel salt solution, the cobalt salt solution, and the manganese salt solution, nickel, cobalt, and manganese react to form Ni x Co y Mn z (OH) 2. Is manufactured.
- the temperature of the reaction vessel is controlled within a range of, for example, 10 ° C. or more and 60 ° C. or less, preferably 20 ° C. or more and 60 ° C. or less, and the pH value in the reaction vessel is, for example, pH 9 or more and pH 13 or less, preferably pH 10 or more and 13
- the substance in the reaction vessel is appropriately stirred while being controlled within the following range.
- the reaction vessel may be of a type that overflows the formed reaction precipitate for separation.
- the obtained reaction precipitate is washed with water and then dried to isolate nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide as a nickel cobalt manganese composite compound. Moreover, you may wash
- nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide is manufactured, but nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide may be prepared.
- the average primary particle size, average secondary particle size, BET of the positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries finally obtained in the following steps Various physical properties such as specific surface area can be controlled.
- the metal composite hydroxide is adjusted so as to have a spherical secondary particle form. It is preferable to do.
- a method in which bubbling with various gases such as inert gas such as nitrogen, argon and carbon dioxide, air and oxygen is also used. It is done.
- the reaction conditions depend on the size of the reaction tank used, the reaction conditions are optimized by monitoring various physical properties of the positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries that are finally obtained in consideration of the above conditions. Can be
- the metal composite oxide or metal composite hydroxide is dried and then mixed with a lithium salt.
- the drying conditions are not particularly limited.
- the metal composite oxide or the metal composite hydroxide is not oxidized / reduced (oxide ⁇ oxide, hydroxide ⁇ hydroxide), and the metal composite hydroxide is oxidized.
- the conditions may be any of the conditions under which the metal composite oxide is reduced (oxides ⁇ hydroxides).
- an inert gas such as nitrogen, helium and argon may be used.
- oxygen or air is used. Just do it.
- a condition for reducing the metal composite oxide a reducing agent such as hydrazine or sodium sulfite may be used in an inert gas atmosphere.
- lithium salt any one of lithium carbonate, lithium nitrate, lithium acetate, lithium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide hydrate, lithium oxide, or a mixture of two or more can be used. Classification may be appropriately performed after the metal composite oxide or metal composite hydroxide is dried.
- a lithium-nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide is obtained by firing a mixture of a nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide and a lithium salt. That is, a lithium-containing composite metal oxide is obtained.
- dry air, an oxygen atmosphere, an inert atmosphere, or the like is used according to a desired composition, and a plurality of heating steps are performed if necessary.
- the mixing may be either dry mixing or wet mixing, but for the sake of simplicity, dry mixing is preferred.
- the mixing device include a stirring mixer, a V-type mixer, a W-type mixer, a ribbon mixer, a drum mixer, and a ball mill.
- the mixing is preferably performed under conditions so that the aggregated particles are not crushed.
- the firing temperature of the metal composite oxide or metal composite hydroxide and a lithium compound such as lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 650 ° C. or higher and 850 ° C. or lower, more preferably 700 ° C.
- the temperature is 850 ° C. or lower.
- the firing temperature is lower than 650 ° C., the problem that the energy density (discharge capacity) and the high rate discharge performance are deteriorated easily occurs. In a region below this, there may be a structural factor that hinders the movement of Li.
- the firing temperature exceeds 850 ° C.
- the production performance such as difficulty in obtaining a lithium-containing composite metal oxide having a target composition due to the volatilization of Li, and the battery performance deteriorates due to the high density of particles. Problems are likely to occur. This is because when the temperature exceeds 850 ° C., the primary particle growth rate increases and the crystal particle of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide becomes too large. In addition, the amount of Li deficiency increases locally. The structural instability is considered to be the cause. Furthermore, the higher the temperature, the more element substitution occurs between the sites occupied by the Li element and the sites occupied by the transition metal element, and the Li conduction path is suppressed, so that the discharge capacity decreases.
- the firing temperature in the range of 700 ° C. or higher and 850 ° C. or lower, a battery having a particularly high energy density (discharge capacity) and excellent charge / discharge cycle performance can be produced.
- the firing time is preferably 3 to 20 hours. If the firing time exceeds 20 hours, the battery performance may be substantially inferior due to the volatilization of Li. If the firing time is less than 3 hours, the crystal growth is poor and the battery performance tends to be poor.
- a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery can be obtained as follows. For example, a coating layer is formed on the surface of secondary particles of a lithium-containing composite metal oxide by mixing a coating material raw material and a lithium-containing composite metal oxide, and heat-treating as necessary. An active material is obtained.
- Oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, nitrate, sulfate, halide, oxalate or alkoxide can be used as the coating material raw material, and is preferably an oxide.
- the coating material material is efficiently coated with the surface of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide, the coating material material is preferably finer than the secondary particles of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide. Specifically, the average secondary particle diameter of the coating material is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or less.
- the mixing of the coating material raw material and the lithium-containing composite metal oxide may be performed in the same manner as the mixing at the time of producing the lithium-containing composite metal oxide.
- the coating layer can be more firmly attached to the surface of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide by holding it in an atmosphere containing water after mixing.
- the heat treatment conditions (temperature, holding time) in the heat treatment performed as necessary after mixing the coating material raw material and the lithium-containing composite metal oxide may differ depending on the type of the coating material raw material.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably set in the range of 300 to 850 ° C., and is preferably a temperature not higher than the firing temperature of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide.
- the temperature of the heat treatment is preferably 0 to 550 ° C. lower than the firing temperature, and more preferably 50 to 400 ° C. lower.
- the coating material raw material may be dissolved in the lithium-containing composite metal oxide and the coating layer may not be formed.
- the holding time in the heat treatment is preferably set shorter than the holding time at the time of firing.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 0.5 to 10 hours shorter than the firing temperature, and more preferably 1 to 8 hours shorter.
- an atmosphere in the heat treatment an atmosphere gas similar to that in the above-described firing can be given.
- a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery can be obtained by forming a coating layer on the surface of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide.
- a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery can be obtained by mixing and baking the lithium salt and the coating material.
- the obtained lithium-containing composite metal oxide provided with the coating layer is appropriately crushed and classified to be a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
- lithium secondary battery positive electrode using the lithium-containing composite metal oxide as a positive electrode active material for the lithium secondary battery, and the positive electrode for the lithium secondary battery are included.
- a lithium secondary battery will be described.
- An example of the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode, a separator sandwiched between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are schematic views showing an example of the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment.
- the cylindrical lithium secondary battery 10 of this embodiment is manufactured as follows.
- a pair of separators 1 having a strip shape, a strip-like positive electrode 2 having a positive electrode lead 21 at one end, and a strip-like negative electrode 3 having a negative electrode lead 31 at one end, a separator 1, a positive electrode 2, and a separator 1 and negative electrode 3 are laminated in this order and wound to form electrode group 4.
- the lithium secondary battery 10 can be manufactured by sealing the upper part of the battery can 5 with the top insulator 7 and the sealing body 8.
- a columnar shape in which the cross-sectional shape when the electrode group 4 is cut in a direction perpendicular to the winding axis is a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, or a rectangle with rounded corners. Can be mentioned.
- a shape of the lithium secondary battery having such an electrode group 4 a shape defined by IEC 60086 or JIS C 8500 which is a standard for a battery defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) can be adopted. .
- IEC 60086 or JIS C 8500 which is a standard for a battery defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
- cylindrical shape, square shape, etc. can be mentioned.
- the lithium secondary battery is not limited to the above-described wound type configuration, and may have a stacked type configuration in which a stacked structure of a positive electrode, a separator, a negative electrode and a separator is repeatedly stacked.
- Examples of the stacked lithium secondary battery include so-called coin-type batteries, button-type batteries, and paper-type (or sheet-type) batteries.
- the positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment is manufactured by first adjusting a positive electrode mixture containing a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery, a conductive material and a binder, and supporting the positive electrode mixture on a positive electrode current collector. be able to.
- a carbon material can be used as the conductive material included in the positive electrode for the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment.
- the carbon material include graphite powder, carbon black (for example, acetylene black), and a fibrous carbon material. Since carbon black is fine and has a large surface area, the addition of a small amount to the positive electrode mixture can increase the electrical conductivity inside the positive electrode for lithium secondary batteries and improve the charge / discharge efficiency and output characteristics. If too much is added, both the binding force between the positive electrode mixture and the positive electrode current collector by the binder and the binding force inside the positive electrode mixture are lowered, which causes an increase in internal resistance.
- the proportion of the conductive material in the positive electrode mixture is preferably 5 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
- a fibrous carbon material such as graphitized carbon fiber or carbon nanotube is used as the conductive material, this ratio can be lowered.
- thermoplastic resin As a binder which the positive electrode for lithium secondary batteries of this embodiment has, a thermoplastic resin can be used.
- the thermoplastic resin include polyvinylidene fluoride (hereinafter sometimes referred to as PVdF), polytetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter sometimes referred to as PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and vinylidene fluoride.
- fluororesins such as copolymers, propylene hexafluoride / vinylidene fluoride copolymers, tetrafluoroethylene / perfluorovinyl ether copolymers; polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene.
- thermoplastic resins may be used as a mixture of two or more.
- a fluororesin and a polyolefin resin as a binder, the ratio of the fluororesin to the total positive electrode mixture is 1% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, and the ratio of the polyolefin resin is 0.1% by mass or more and 2% by mass or less.
- a positive electrode mixture having both high adhesion to the current collector and high bonding strength inside the positive electrode mixture can be obtained.
- a band-shaped member made of a metal material such as Al, Ni, and stainless steel can be used as the positive electrode current collector included in the positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment.
- a material that is made of Al and formed into a thin film is preferable because it is easy to process and inexpensive.
- Examples of the method of supporting the positive electrode mixture on the positive electrode current collector include a method of pressure-molding the positive electrode mixture on the positive electrode current collector. Also, the positive electrode mixture is made into a paste using an organic solvent, and the resulting positive electrode mixture paste is applied to at least one surface side of the positive electrode current collector, dried, pressed and fixed, whereby the positive electrode current collector is bonded to the positive electrode current collector. A mixture may be supported.
- usable organic solvents include amine solvents such as N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine and diethylenetriamine; ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran; ketone solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone; methyl acetate And amide solvents such as dimethylacetamide and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (hereinafter sometimes referred to as NMP).
- amine solvents such as N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine and diethylenetriamine
- ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran
- ketone solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone
- amide solvents such as dimethylacetamide and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (hereinafter sometimes referred to as NMP).
- Examples of the method of applying the positive electrode mixture paste to the positive electrode current collector include a slit die coating method, a screen coating method, a curtain coating method, a knife coating method, a gravure coating method, and an electrostatic spray method.
- the positive electrode for lithium secondary batteries can be manufactured.
- the negative electrode included in the lithium secondary battery of this embodiment is only required to be capable of doping and dedoping lithium ions at a lower potential than the positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery, and the negative electrode mixture containing the negative electrode active material is a negative electrode current collector. Examples thereof include an electrode carried on a body and an electrode made of a negative electrode active material alone.
- the negative electrode active material possessed by the negative electrode is a carbon material, a chalcogen compound (oxide, sulfide, etc.), a nitride, a metal or an alloy, and lithium ions are doped and dedoped at a lower potential than the positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery. Possible materials are mentioned.
- Examples of carbon materials that can be used as the negative electrode active material include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite, cokes, carbon black, pyrolytic carbons, carbon fibers, and organic polymer compound fired bodies.
- the oxide can be used as an anode active material, (wherein, x represents a positive real number) SiO 2, SiO, etc. formula SiO x oxides of silicon represented by; TiO 2, TiO, etc. formula TiO x (wherein , X is a positive real number); oxide of titanium represented by formula VO x (where x is a positive real number) such as V 2 O 5 and VO 2 ; Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 , FeO, etc. Iron oxide represented by the formula FeO x (where x is a positive real number); SnO 2 , SnO, etc.
- Examples of sulfides that can be used as the negative electrode active material include titanium sulfides represented by the formula TiS x (where x is a positive real number) such as Ti 2 S 3 , TiS 2 , and TiS; V 3 S 4 , VS 2, VS and other vanadium sulfides represented by the formula VS x (where x is a positive real number); Fe 3 S 4 , FeS 2 , FeS and other formulas FeS x (where x is a positive real number) Iron sulfide represented; Mo 2 S 3 , MoS 2 and the like MoS x (where x is a positive real number) Molybdenum sulfide; SnS 2, SnS and other formula SnS x (where, a sulfide of tin represented by x is a positive real number; a sulfide of tungsten represented by a formula WS x (where x is a positive real number) such as WS 2
- Examples of the nitride that can be used as the negative electrode active material include Li 3 N and Li 3-x A x N (where A is one or both of Ni and Co, and 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 3). And lithium-containing nitrides.
- These carbon materials, oxides, sulfides and nitrides may be used alone or in combination of two or more. These carbon materials, oxides, sulfides and nitrides may be crystalline or amorphous.
- examples of the metal that can be used as the negative electrode active material include lithium metal, silicon metal, and tin metal.
- Alloys that can be used as the negative electrode active material include lithium alloys such as Li—Al, Li—Ni, Li—Si, Li—Sn, and Li—Sn—Ni; silicon alloys such as Si—Zn; Sn—Mn, Sn -Tin alloys such as Co, Sn-Ni, Sn-Cu, Sn-La; alloys such as Cu 2 Sb, La 3 Ni 2 Sn 7 ;
- These metals and alloys can be mainly used alone as an electrode after being processed into a foil shape, for example.
- the potential of the negative electrode hardly changes from the uncharged state to the fully charged state during charging (potential flatness is good), the average discharge potential is low, and the capacity retention rate when repeatedly charged and discharged is high.
- a carbon material mainly composed of graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite is preferably used.
- the shape of the carbon material may be any of a flake shape such as natural graphite, a spherical shape such as mesocarbon microbeads, a fibrous shape such as graphitized carbon fiber, or an aggregate of fine powder.
- the negative electrode mixture may contain a binder as necessary.
- the binder include thermoplastic resins, and specific examples include PVdF, thermoplastic polyimide, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene, and polypropylene.
- the negative electrode current collector of the negative electrode examples include a band-shaped member made of a metal material such as Cu, Ni, and stainless steel.
- a metal material such as Cu, Ni, and stainless steel.
- Cu it is preferable to use Cu as a forming material and process it into a thin film in that it is difficult to form an alloy with lithium and is easy to process.
- Examples of the separator included in the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment include a porous film, a nonwoven fabric, a woven fabric, and the like made of a material such as a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene and polypropylene, a fluororesin, and a nitrogen-containing aromatic polymer. The material which has can be used. Moreover, a separator may be formed by using two or more of these materials, or a separator may be formed by laminating these materials.
- separator examples include separators described in JP 2000-30686 A, JP 10-324758 A, and the like.
- the thickness of the separator should be as thin as possible so that the mechanical strength can be maintained in that the volume energy density of the battery is increased and the internal resistance is reduced, preferably about 5 to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably about 5 to 40 ⁇ m. is there.
- the electrolyte solution included in the lithium secondary battery of this embodiment contains an electrolyte and an organic solvent.
- the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte includes LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) (COCF 3 ), Li (C 4 F 9 SO 3 ), LiC (SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 , Li 2 B 10 Cl 10 , LiBOB (where BOB is bis (oxalato) borate LiFSI (here, FSI is bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide), lithium salt such as lower aliphatic carboxylic acid lithium salt, LiAlCl 4, and a mixture of two or more of these May be used.
- BOB bis (oxalato) borate LiFSI (here, FSI is bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide)
- lithium salt such as lower aliphatic
- the electrolyte at least selected from the group consisting of LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 and LiC (SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 containing fluorine. It is preferable to use one containing one kind.
- Examples of the organic solvent contained in the electrolyte include propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, 4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, and 1,2-di- Carbonates such as (methoxycarbonyloxy) ethane; 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,3-dimethoxypropane, pentafluoropropyl methyl ether, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl difluoromethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2- Ethers such as methyltetrahydrofuran; Esters such as methyl formate, methyl acetate and ⁇ -butyrolactone; Nitriles such as acetonitrile and butyronitrile; N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethyla Amides such as toamide; carbamates such as 3-methyl-2-oxazolidone;
- a mixed solvent containing carbonates is preferable, and a mixed solvent of cyclic carbonate and acyclic carbonate and a mixed solvent of cyclic carbonate and ethers are more preferable.
- a mixed solvent of a cyclic carbonate and an acyclic carbonate a mixed solvent containing ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate is preferable.
- the electrolyte using such a mixed solvent has a wide operating temperature range, hardly deteriorates even when charged and discharged at a high current rate, hardly deteriorates even when used for a long time, and natural graphite as an active material of the negative electrode. Even when a graphite material such as artificial graphite is used, it has many advantageous features that it is hardly decomposable.
- an electrolytic solution containing a lithium salt containing fluorine such as LiPF 6 and an organic solvent having a fluorine substituent since the thermal stability of the obtained lithium secondary battery is increased.
- a mixed solvent containing ethers having fluorine substituents such as pentafluoropropyl methyl ether and 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl difluoromethyl ether and dimethyl carbonate is capable of capacity even when charging / discharging at a high current rate. Since the maintenance rate is high, it is more preferable.
- a solid electrolyte may be used instead of the above electrolytic solution.
- the solid electrolyte for example, an organic polymer electrolyte such as a polyethylene oxide polymer compound, a polymer compound containing at least one of a polyorganosiloxane chain or a polyoxyalkylene chain can be used.
- maintained the nonaqueous electrolyte in the high molecular compound can also be used.
- Li 2 S—SiS 2 , Li 2 S—GeS 2 , Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 , Li 2 S—B 2 S 3 , Li 2 S—SiS 2 —Li 3 PO 4 , Li 2 S—SiS 2 -Li 2 SO 4, Li 2 S-GeS 2 -P 2 S 5 inorganic solid electrolytes containing a sulfide, and the like, may be used a mixture of two or more thereof. By using these solid electrolytes, the thermal stability of the lithium secondary battery may be further improved.
- the solid electrolyte when a solid electrolyte is used, the solid electrolyte may serve as a separator, and in that case, the separator may not be required.
- the positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery having the above-described configuration uses the lithium-containing composite metal oxide having the above-described coating layer, the lithium secondary battery has a higher output at a higher current rate than before. It can be shown.
- the positive electrode for lithium secondary batteries having the above-described structure has the positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries using the above-described lithium-containing composite metal oxide of the present embodiment, the lithium secondary battery is conventionally used. Can also exhibit high output at high current rates.
- the lithium secondary battery having the above-described configuration has the above-described positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery, it becomes a lithium secondary battery that exhibits higher output at a higher current rate than before.
- evaluation of a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery and production evaluation of a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery were performed as follows.
- Measurement of average primary particle diameter Particles to be measured are placed on a conductive sheet affixed on a sample stage, and irradiated with an electron beam with an acceleration voltage of 20 kV using a JSM-5510 manufactured by JEOL Ltd. SEM observation Went. 50 primary particles are arbitrarily extracted from an image (SEM photograph) obtained by SEM observation, and for each primary particle, a distance between parallel lines sandwiched by parallel lines obtained by drawing a projection image of the primary particles from a certain direction ( (Directional diameter) was measured as the particle diameter of the primary particles. The arithmetic average value of the obtained particle diameter was defined as the average primary particle diameter.
- BET Specific Surface Area Measurement 1 g of the powder to be measured was dried at 150 ° C. for 15 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then measured using a flow sorb II 2300 manufactured by Micromeritics.
- a positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery, a conductive material (acetylene black), and a binder (PVdF) obtained by the production method described later are used as a positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery:
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was used as the organic solvent.
- the obtained positive electrode mixture was applied to an Al foil having a thickness of 40 ⁇ m serving as a current collector and vacuum-dried at 150 ° C. for 8 hours to obtain a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery.
- the electrode area of the positive electrode for the lithium secondary battery was 1.65 cm 2 .
- the negative electrode is placed on the upper side of the laminated film separator, covered with a gasket, and caulked with a caulking machine to form a lithium secondary battery (coin-type battery R2032, hereinafter “coin-type”).
- the battery was sometimes referred to as “battery”.
- Example 1 Production of positive electrode active material C1 After water was put into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and an overflow pipe, an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added.
- a nickel sulfate aqueous solution and a cobalt sulfate aqueous solution were mixed so that the atomic ratio of nickel atoms to cobalt atoms was 0.92: 0.08 to prepare a mixed raw material solution.
- the mixed raw material solution and the aqueous ammonium sulfate solution are continuously added as a complexing agent to the reaction vessel, and a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is added dropwise as needed so that the pH of the solution in the reaction vessel becomes 11.4.
- nickel cobalt composite hydroxide particles were obtained.
- the obtained particles were filtered, washed with water, and dried at 100 ° C. to obtain a dry powder metal composite compound A1.
- the BET specific surface area of this metal composite compound A1 was 9.2 m 2 / g.
- the molar ratio of Ni: Co was 0.92: 0.08.
- Metal oxide B1 was obtained.
- the molar ratio of Li: Ni: Co was 1.03: 0.92: 0.08.
- Lithium-containing composite metal oxide B1 and aluminum oxide (Japan Aerosil Co., Ltd. Alumina C, average primary particle size 13 nm, Ni and Co content 1 mol in lithium-containing composite metal oxide B1 were Al at 0.02 mol. That is, the ratio of the atomic ratio of Al to the sum of the atomic ratios of Ni and Co is 2 mol%.) was dry-mixed in a mortar to obtain a mixed powder. The obtained powder was allowed to stand for 3 hours in a thermostatic chamber controlled at 60 ° C. and a relative humidity of 80%. Furthermore, after maintaining in a vacuum atmosphere at room temperature for 1 hour, baking was performed at 750 ° C. for 5 hours in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain a positive electrode active material C1.
- the average primary particle diameter and average secondary particle diameter of the positive electrode active material C1 were 0.5 ⁇ m and 11 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the BET specific surface area of the positive electrode active material C1 was 0.5 m 2 / g.
- the weight density of the positive electrode active material C1 was 2.5 g / cm 3
- the light weight density was 1.6 g / cm 3
- the value obtained by dividing the heavy weight density by the light weight density was 1.6.
- the value of D 90 / D 10 determined from the particle size distribution measurement value of the positive electrode active material C1 was 2.1.
- Discharge rate test of lithium secondary battery A coin-type battery was produced using the positive electrode active material C1 and subjected to a discharge rate test. As a result, the 3CA discharge capacity retention rate was 76%.
- Example 2 Manufacture of positive electrode active material C2 After putting water in the reaction tank provided with the stirrer and the overflow pipe, sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added.
- a nickel sulfate aqueous solution, a cobalt sulfate aqueous solution, and a magnesium sulfate aqueous solution are mixed so that the atomic ratio of nickel atoms, cobalt atoms, and magnesium atoms is 0.90: 0.08: 0.02. It was adjusted.
- this mixed raw material solution and aqueous ammonium sulfate solution are continuously added as a complexing agent to the reaction vessel, and a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is added dropwise as needed so that the pH of the solution in the reaction vessel becomes 11.3.
- nickel cobalt magnesium composite hydroxide particles were obtained.
- the resulting particles were filtered, washed with water, and dried at 100 ° C. to obtain a dry powder metal composite compound A2.
- the BET specific surface area of this metal composite compound A2 was 9.9 m 2 / g.
- the molar ratio of Ni: Co: Mg was 0.90: 0.08: 0.02.
- Oxide B2 was obtained.
- the molar ratio of Li: Ni: Co: Mg was 1.03: 0.90: 0.08: 0.02.
- Lithium-containing composite metal oxide B2 and aluminum oxide (Alumina C manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., average primary particle size 13 nm, and 1 mol of Ni, Co, and Mg in lithium-containing composite metal oxide B2 are 0.1% Al. That is, the ratio of the atomic ratio of Al to the sum of the atomic ratios of Ni, Co, and Mg is 2 mol%.) was dry-mixed in a mortar to obtain a mixed powder. The obtained powder was allowed to stand for 3 hours in a thermostatic chamber controlled at 60 ° C. and a relative humidity of 80%. Furthermore, after maintaining in a vacuum atmosphere at room temperature for 1 hour, baking was performed at 750 ° C. for 5 hours in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain a positive electrode active material C2.
- the average primary particle diameter and average secondary particle diameter of the positive electrode active material C2 were 0.5 ⁇ m and 12 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the BET specific surface area of the positive electrode active material C2 was 0.5 m 2 / g.
- the weight density of the positive electrode active material C2 was 2.3 g / cm 3
- the light weight density was 1.8 g / cm 3
- the value obtained by dividing the heavy weight density by the light weight density was 1.3.
- the value of D 90 / D 10 calculated from the measured particle size distribution of the positive electrode active material C2 was 2.7.
- Discharge rate test of lithium secondary battery A coin-type battery was produced using the positive electrode active material C2 and subjected to a discharge rate test. As a result, the 3CA discharge capacity retention rate was 82%.
- Example 3 Manufacture of positive electrode active material C3 After putting water in the reaction tank provided with the stirrer and the overflow pipe, the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added.
- a nickel sulfate aqueous solution, a cobalt sulfate aqueous solution, and a manganese sulfate aqueous solution are mixed so that the atomic ratio of nickel atoms, cobalt atoms, and manganese atoms is 0.90: 0.08: 0.02. It was adjusted.
- this mixed raw material solution and aqueous ammonium sulfate solution are continuously added as a complexing agent to the reaction vessel, and a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is added dropwise as needed so that the pH of the solution in the reaction vessel becomes 11.1.
- nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide particles were obtained.
- the obtained particles were filtered, washed with water, and dried at 100 ° C. to obtain a dry powder metal composite compound A3.
- the BET specific surface area of this metal composite compound A3 was 10.6 m 2 / g.
- the molar ratio of Ni: Co: Mn was 0.90: 0.08: 0.02.
- the molar ratio of Li: Ni: Co: Mn was 1.03: 0.90: 0.08: 0.02. *
- Lithium-containing composite metal oxide B3 and aluminum oxide (Alumina C manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., average primary particle size 13 nm, and 1 mol of Ni, Co, and Mn in lithium-containing composite metal oxide B3 are 0.1% Al. That is, the ratio of the atomic ratio of Al to the sum of the atomic ratios of Ni, Co, and Mn is 2 mol%.)
- the obtained powder was allowed to stand for 3 hours in a thermostatic chamber controlled at 60 ° C. and a relative humidity of 80%.
- baking was performed at 750 ° C. for 5 hours in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain a positive electrode active material C3.
- the average primary particle diameter and average secondary particle diameter of the positive electrode active material C3 were 0.4 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the BET specific surface area of the positive electrode active material C3 was 0.3 m 2 / g.
- the weight density of the positive electrode active material C3 was 2.4 g / cm 3 , the light weight density was 1.6 g / cm 3 , and the value obtained by dividing the heavy weight density by the light weight density was 1.5.
- the value of D 90 / D 10 determined from the particle size distribution measurement value of the positive electrode active material C3 was 1.9.
- Discharge rate test of lithium secondary battery A coin-type battery was produced using the positive electrode active material C3, and a discharge rate test was performed. The 3CA discharge capacity retention rate was 76%.
- Example 4 Manufacture of positive electrode active material C4 After putting water in the reaction tank provided with the stirrer and the overflow pipe, the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added.
- a nickel sulfate aqueous solution, a cobalt sulfate aqueous solution, and an aluminum sulfate aqueous solution are mixed so that the atomic ratio of nickel atoms, cobalt atoms, and aluminum atoms is 0.90: 0.08: 0.02. It was adjusted.
- this mixed raw material solution and ammonium sulfate aqueous solution are continuously added as a complexing agent to the reaction vessel, and a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is added dropwise as needed so that the pH of the solution in the reaction vessel becomes 11.2.
- nickel cobalt aluminum composite hydroxide particles were obtained.
- the obtained particles were filtered, washed with water, and dried at 100 ° C. to obtain a dry powder metal composite compound A4.
- the BET specific surface area of this metal composite compound A4 was 10.3 m 2 / g.
- the molar ratio of Ni: Co: Al was 0.90: 0.08: 0.02.
- the molar ratio of Li: Ni: Co: Al was 1.03: 0.90: 0.08: 0.02.
- Lithium-containing composite metal oxide B4 and aluminum oxide (Alumina C manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., average primary particle size 13 nm, and 1 mol of Ni, Co, and Al in lithium-containing composite metal oxide B4 are 0.1% Al. That is, the ratio of the atomic ratio of Al derived from aluminum oxide to the sum of the atomic ratios of Ni, Co and Al derived from B4 is 2 mol%.) Got.
- the obtained powder was allowed to stand for 3 hours in a thermostatic chamber controlled at 60 ° C. and a relative humidity of 80%. Furthermore, after maintaining in a vacuum atmosphere at room temperature for 1 hour, baking was performed at 750 ° C. for 5 hours in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain a positive electrode active material C4.
- the average primary particle diameter and average secondary particle diameter of the positive electrode active material C4 were 0.5 ⁇ m and 13 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the BET specific surface area of the positive electrode active material C4 was 0.6 m 2 / g.
- the weight density of the positive electrode active material C4 was 2.4 g / cm 3 , the light weight density was 1.7 g / cm 3 , and the value obtained by dividing the heavy weight density by the light weight density was 1.4.
- the value of D 90 / D 10 calculated from the particle size distribution measurement value of the positive electrode active material C4 was 2.8.
- Discharge rate test of lithium secondary battery A coin-type battery was produced using the positive electrode active material C4 and subjected to a discharge rate test. As a result, the 3CA discharge capacity retention rate was 78%.
- Example 5 Manufacture of positive electrode active material C5 After putting water in the reaction tank provided with the stirrer and the overflow pipe, the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added.
- a nickel sulfate aqueous solution, a cobalt sulfate aqueous solution, and a zinc sulfate aqueous solution are mixed so that the atomic ratio of nickel atoms, cobalt atoms, and zinc atoms is 0.90: 0.08: 0.02. It was adjusted.
- this mixed raw material solution and aqueous ammonium sulfate solution are continuously added as a complexing agent to the reaction vessel, and a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is added dropwise as needed so that the pH of the solution in the reaction vessel becomes 11.1.
- nickel cobalt zinc composite hydroxide particles were obtained.
- the obtained particles were filtered, washed with water, and dried at 100 ° C. to obtain a dry powder metal composite compound A5.
- the BET specific surface area of this metal composite compound A5 was 10.3 m 2 / g.
- the molar ratio of Ni: Co: Zn was 0.90: 0.08: 0.02.
- Lithium-containing composite metal oxide B5 and aluminum oxide (Alumina C manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., average primary particle size 13 nm, and 1 mol of Ni, Co, and Zn in lithium-containing composite metal oxide B5 are 0.1% Al. That is, the ratio of the atomic ratio of Al to the sum of the atomic ratios of Ni, Co, and Zn is 2 mol%.)
- the obtained powder was allowed to stand for 3 hours in a thermostatic chamber controlled at 60 ° C. and a relative humidity of 80%.
- baking was performed at 750 ° C. for 5 hours in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain a positive electrode active material C5.
- the average primary particle diameter and average secondary particle diameter of the positive electrode active material C5 were 0.5 ⁇ m and 11 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the BET specific surface area of the positive electrode active material C5 was 0.5 m 2 / g.
- the weight density of the positive electrode active material C5 was 2.2 g / cm 3 , the light weight was 1.8 g / cm 3 , and the value obtained by dividing the heavy weight by the light weight was 1.2.
- the value of D 90 / D 10 obtained from the particle size distribution measurement value of the positive electrode active material C5 was 2.0.
- Discharge rate test of lithium secondary battery A coin-type battery was produced using the positive electrode active material C5 and subjected to a discharge rate test. The 3CA discharge capacity retention rate was 74%.
- Example 6 Production of Positive Electrode Active Material C6
- the molar ratio of Li: Ni: Co: Sn was 1.03: 0.90: 0.08: 0.02.
- Lithium-containing composite metal oxide B6 and aluminum oxide (Alumina C manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., average primary particle size 13 nm, Ni, Co, and Sn content 1 mol in lithium-containing composite metal oxide B6 are 0.1% Al. That is, the ratio of the atomic ratio of Al to the sum of the atomic ratios of Ni, Co, and Sn is 2 mol%.) was dry-mixed in a mortar to obtain a mixed powder. The obtained powder was allowed to stand for 3 hours in a thermostatic chamber controlled at 60 ° C. and a relative humidity of 80%. Furthermore, after maintaining in a vacuum atmosphere at room temperature for 1 hour, baking was performed at 750 ° C. for 5 hours in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain a positive electrode active material C6.
- the average primary particle diameter and average secondary particle diameter of the positive electrode active material C6 were 0.6 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the BET specific surface area of the positive electrode active material C6 was 0.5 m 2 / g.
- the weight density of the positive electrode active material C6 was 2.0 g / cm 3 , the light weight density was 1.7 g / cm 3 , and the value obtained by dividing the heavy weight density by the light weight density was 1.2.
- the value of D 90 / D 10 determined from the measured particle size distribution of the positive electrode active material C6 was 2.0.
- the average primary particle diameter and average secondary particle diameter of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B1 were 0.5 ⁇ m and 11 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the BET specific surface area of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B1 was 0.4 m 2 / g.
- the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B1 had a heavy loading density of 2.2 g / cm 3 , a light loading density of 1.6 g / cm 3 , and a value obtained by dividing the heavy loading density by the light loading density was 1.4.
- the value of D 90 / D 10 determined from the particle size distribution measurement value of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B1 was 2.3.
- Discharge rate test of lithium secondary battery A coin-type battery was prepared using the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B1 and subjected to a discharge rate test. As a result, the 3CA discharge capacity retention rate was 57%.
- the average primary particle diameter and average secondary particle diameter of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B2 were 0.5 ⁇ m and 12 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the BET specific surface area of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B2 was 0.4 m 2 / g.
- the weight density of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B2 was 2.2 g / cm 3 , the light weight density was 1.6 g / cm 3 , and the value obtained by dividing the heavy weight density by the light weight density was 1.4.
- the value of D 90 / D 10 determined from the particle size distribution measurement value of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B2 was 2.5.
- Discharge rate test of lithium secondary battery A coin-type battery was prepared using lithium-containing composite metal oxide B2 and subjected to a discharge rate test. The 3CA discharge capacity retention rate was 53%.
- the average primary particle diameter and average secondary particle diameter of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B3 were 0.4 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the BET specific surface area of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B3 was 0.3 m 2 / g.
- the weight density of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B3 was 2.1 g / cm 3 , the light weight was 1.6 g / cm 3 , and the value obtained by dividing the heavy weight by the light weight was 1.3.
- the value of D 90 / D 10 calculated from the particle size distribution measurement value of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B3 was 1.9.
- Discharge rate test of lithium secondary battery A coin-type battery was prepared using lithium-containing composite metal oxide B3 and subjected to a discharge rate test. The 3CA discharge capacity retention rate was 56%.
- the average primary particle diameter and average secondary particle diameter of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B4 were 0.5 ⁇ m and 14 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the BET specific surface area of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B4 was 0.4 m 2 / g.
- the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B4 had a heavy loading density of 2.2 g / cm 3 , a light loading density of 1.6 g / cm 3 , and a value obtained by dividing the heavy loading density by the light loading density was 1.4.
- the value of D 90 / D 10 obtained from the particle size distribution measurement value of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B4 was 3.6.
- Discharge rate test of lithium secondary battery A coin-type battery was prepared using lithium-containing composite metal oxide B4 and a discharge rate test was performed. As a result, the 3CA discharge capacity retention rate was 35%.
- the average primary particle diameter and average secondary particle diameter of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B5 were 0.5 ⁇ m and 12 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the BET specific surface area of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B5 was 0.5 m 2 / g.
- the weight density of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B5 was 2.1 g / cm 3 , the light weight was 1.6 g / cm 3 , and the value obtained by dividing the heavy weight by the light weight was 1.3.
- the value of D 90 / D 10 determined from the particle size distribution measurement value of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B5 was 2.4.
- Discharge rate test of lithium secondary battery A coin-type battery was prepared using lithium-containing composite metal oxide B5, and a discharge rate test was performed. As a result, the 3CA discharge capacity retention rate was 32%.
- the average primary particle diameter and average secondary particle diameter of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B6 were 0.6 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the BET specific surface area of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B6 was 0.4 m 2 / g.
- the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B6 had a heavy packing density of 2.2 g / cm 3 , a light packing density of 1.6 g / cm 3 , and a value obtained by dividing the heavy packing density by the light packing density was 1.4.
- the value of D 90 / D 10 obtained from the particle size distribution measurement value of the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B6 was 1.9.
- Discharge rate test of lithium secondary battery A coin-type battery was prepared using lithium-containing composite metal oxide B6 and subjected to a discharge rate test. The 3CA discharge capacity retention rate was 59%.
- the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B7 and aluminum oxide (Alumina C manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., average primary particle diameter 13 nm, Ni content in the lithium-containing composite metal oxide B7 is 1 mol, and Al is 0.02 mol. That is, the ratio of the atomic ratio of Al to the atomic ratio of Ni is 2 mol%.)
- the obtained powder was allowed to stand for 3 hours in a thermostatic chamber controlled at 60 ° C. and a relative humidity of 80%.
- baking was performed at 750 ° C. for 5 hours in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain a positive electrode active material C7.
- the average primary particle diameter and average secondary particle diameter of the positive electrode active material C7 were 0.4 ⁇ m and 18 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the BET specific surface area of the positive electrode active material C7 was 1.6 m 2 / g.
- the positive electrode active material C7 had a heavy load density of 1.9 g / cm 3 , a light load density of 0.89 g / cm 3 , and a value obtained by dividing the heavy load density by the light load density was 2.1.
- the value of D 90 / D 10 determined from the particle size distribution measurement value of the positive electrode active material C7 was 4.8.
- Discharge rate test of lithium secondary battery A coin-type battery was produced using the positive electrode active material C7 and subjected to a discharge rate test. As a result, the 3CA discharge capacity retention rate was 57%.
- a nickel sulfate aqueous solution and a cobalt sulfate aqueous solution were mixed so that the atomic ratio of nickel atoms to cobalt atoms was 0.92: 0.08 to prepare a mixed raw material solution.
- the mixed raw material solution is continuously added to the reaction vessel with stirring, and an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution is added dropwise at an appropriate time so that the pH of the solution in the reaction vessel becomes 13.0.
- Product particles were obtained.
- the obtained particles were filtered, washed with water, and dried at 100 ° C. to obtain a metal powder compound A8 as a dry powder.
- the BET specific surface area of this metal composite compound A8 was 147 m 2 / g.
- the molar ratio of Li: Ni: Co was 1.03: 0.92: 0.08.
- Lithium-containing composite metal oxide B8 and aluminum oxide (Alumina C manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., average primary particle diameter 13 nm, Ni and Co content 1 mol in lithium-containing composite metal oxide B8, Al is 0.02 mol) That is, the ratio of the atomic ratio of Al to the sum of the atomic ratios of Ni and Co is 2 mol%.)
- the obtained powder was allowed to stand for 3 hours in a thermostatic chamber controlled at 60 ° C. and a relative humidity of 80%.
- baking was performed at 750 ° C. for 5 hours in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain a positive electrode active material C8.
- the average primary particle diameter and average secondary particle diameter of the positive electrode active material C8 were 0.3 ⁇ m and 34 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the BET specific surface area of the positive electrode active material C8 was 1.7 m 2 / g.
- the positive electrode active material C8 had a heavy packing density of 2.0 g / cm 3 , a light packing density of 0.93 g / cm 3 , and a value obtained by dividing the heavy packing density by the light packing density was 2.2.
- the value of D 90 / D 10 determined from the particle size distribution measurement value of the positive electrode active material C8 was 18.
- a nickel sulfate aqueous solution, a cobalt sulfate aqueous solution, and a manganese sulfate aqueous solution are mixed so that the atomic ratio of nickel atoms, cobalt atoms, and manganese atoms is 0.90: 0.08: 0.02. It was adjusted.
- the mixed raw material solution is continuously added to the reaction vessel with stirring, and an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution is added dropwise so that the pH of the solution in the reaction vessel becomes 13.0. Oxide particles were obtained. The obtained particles were filtered, washed with water, and dried at 100 ° C. to obtain a metal powder compound A9 as a dry powder.
- the BET specific surface area of this metal composite compound A9 was 133 m 2 / g.
- the molar ratio of Li: Ni: Co: Mn was 1.03: 0.90: 0.08: 0.02.
- Lithium-containing composite metal oxide B9 and aluminum oxide (Alumina C manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., average primary particle size 13 nm, and 1 mol of Ni, Co, and Mn in lithium-containing composite metal oxide B9 are 0.1% Al. 02 mol.) was dry-mixed in a mortar to obtain a mixed powder. The obtained powder was allowed to stand for 3 hours in a thermostatic chamber controlled at 60 ° C. and a relative humidity of 80%. Furthermore, after maintaining in a vacuum atmosphere at room temperature for 1 hour, baking was performed at 750 ° C. for 5 hours in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain a positive electrode active material C9.
- the average primary particle diameter and average secondary particle diameter of the positive electrode active material C9 were 0.4 ⁇ m and 4 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the BET specific surface area of the positive electrode active material C9 was 1.6 m 2 / g.
- the positive electrode active material C9 had a heavy load density of 2.0 g / cm 3 , a light load density of 0.92 g / cm 3 , and a value obtained by dividing the heavy load density by the light load density was 2.2.
- the value of D 90 / D 10 determined from the particle size distribution measurement value of the positive electrode active material C9 was 5.0.
- Discharge rate test of lithium secondary battery A coin-type battery was produced using the positive electrode active material C9, and a discharge rate test was performed. As a result, the 3CA discharge capacity retention rate was 29%.
- a nickel sulfate aqueous solution and a cobalt sulfate aqueous solution were mixed so that the atomic ratio of nickel atoms to cobalt atoms was 0.85: 0.15 to prepare a mixed raw material solution.
- the mixed raw material solution is continuously added to the reaction vessel with stirring, and an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution is added dropwise at an appropriate time so that the pH of the solution in the reaction vessel becomes 13.0.
- Product particles were obtained.
- the obtained particles were filtered, washed with water, and dried at 100 ° C. to obtain a dry powder metal composite compound A10.
- the BET specific surface area of this metal composite compound A10 was 145 m 2 / g.
- the molar ratio of Li: Ni: Co was 1.00: 0.85: 0.15.
- Lithium-containing composite metal oxide B10 and aluminum oxide (Alumina C manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., average primary particle diameter 13 nm, Ni and Co content 1 mol in lithium-containing composite metal oxide B10, Al is 0.02 mol) That is, the ratio of the atomic ratio of Al to the sum of the atomic ratios of Ni and Co is 2 mol%.)
- the obtained powder was allowed to stand for 3 hours in a thermostatic chamber controlled at 60 ° C. and a relative humidity of 80%.
- baking was performed at 750 ° C. for 5 hours in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain a positive electrode active material C10.
- the average primary particle diameter and average secondary particle diameter of the positive electrode active material C10 were 0.4 ⁇ m and 31 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the BET specific surface area of the positive electrode active material C10 was 0.2 m 2 / g.
- the positive electrode active material C10 had a heavy load density of 2.2 g / cm 3 , a light load density of 1.7 g / cm 3 , and a value obtained by dividing the heavy load density by the light load density was 1.3.
- the value of D 90 / D 10 calculated from the particle size distribution measurement value of the positive electrode active material C10 was 7.9.
- Discharge rate test of lithium secondary battery A coin-type battery was produced using the positive electrode active material C10, and a discharge rate test was performed. As a result, the 3CA discharge capacity retention rate was 47%.
- the lithium secondary batteries using the lithium-containing composite metal oxide provided with the coating layers of Examples 1 to 6 as the positive electrode active material for the lithium secondary battery did not have the coating layers, respectively.
- the 3CA discharge capacity retention rate was increased, that is, high output was exhibited.
- the lithium secondary battery using the lithium-containing composite metal oxide satisfying the requirements (1) to (3) of Examples 1 to 6 as the positive electrode active material for the lithium secondary battery satisfies the requirement (2).
- the 3CA discharge capacity retention rate was increased, that is, a higher output was obtained than the lithium secondary battery using the lithium-containing composite metal oxides of Comparative Examples 1 to 6 as the positive electrode active material for the lithium secondary battery.
- the lithium secondary battery using the lithium-containing composite metal oxide that satisfies the requirements (1) to (3) of Examples 1 to 6 as the positive electrode active material for the lithium secondary battery satisfies the requirement (3).
- the 3CA discharge capacity retention rate was increased, that is, a higher output was obtained than the lithium secondary battery using the lithium-containing composite metal oxides of Comparative Examples 7 to 10 as the positive electrode active material for the lithium secondary battery.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2014年1月27日に日本に出願された特願2014-012835号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
(1)前記リチウム含有複合金属酸化物が、式(A)で表されるα-NaFeO2型の結晶構造を有する。
Lia(NibCocM1 1-b-c)O2・・・(A)
M1はMg、Al、Ca、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Sr、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Tc、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Cd、In及びSnからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の任意金属を表す。)
(2)前記被覆層が、LiとM2(M2はAl、Ti、Zr、Wのうちいずれか1種以上の任意金属を表す。)との金属複合酸化物を含む。
(3)前記リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の平均二次粒子径が2μm以上20μm以下であり、BET比表面積が0.1m2/g以上2.5m2/g以下であり、重装密度を軽装密度で除した値が1.0以上2.0以下である。
本実施形態のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質は、リチウムイオンをドープ及び脱ドープ可能な一次粒子が凝集してなる二次粒子からなるリチウム含有複合金属酸化物の表面に、被覆層を備えたリチウム含有複合金属酸化物であって、下記要件(1)~(3)を満たすものである。
(1)前記リチウム含有複合金属酸化物が、式(A)で表されるα-NaFeO2型の結晶構造を有する。
Lia(NibCocM1 1-b-c)O2・・・(A)
M1はMg、Al、Ca、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Sr、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Tc、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Cd、In及びSnからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の任意金属を表す。)
(2)前記被覆層が、LiとM2(M2はAl、Ti、Zr、Wのうちいずれか1種以上の任意金属を表す。)との金属複合酸化物を含む。
(3)前記リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の平均二次粒子径が2μm以上20μm以下であり、BET比表面積が0.1m2/g以上2.5m2/g以下であり、重装密度を軽装密度で除した値が1.0以上2.0以下である。
以下、本実施形態のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質について、詳細に説明する。
本実施形態のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質は、コア部のリチウム含有複合金属酸化物と、該コア部を覆う被覆層からなる。
まず、本実施形態におけるリチウム含有複合金属酸化物の結晶構造は、α-NaFeO2型の層状構造であり、六方晶型の結晶構造または単斜晶型の結晶構造であることがより好ましい。
また、b+cは、0.9<b+c≦1の範囲であり、0.9<b+c<1の範囲であることが好ましく、0.92≦b+c<1の範囲であることがより好ましく、0.93≦b+c<1の範囲であることが更に好ましい。
被覆層は、LiとM2との金属複合酸化物を含む。M2は、Al、Ti、Zr及びWからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、Alであることが好ましい。更に、被覆層がアルミン酸リチウムであることが好ましく、α―アルミン酸リチウムであることがより好ましい。
本実施形態において、被覆層は、さらにMn、Fe、Co、及びNiからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属を含んでいてもよい。
本発明の効果を高める意味で、リチウム含有複合金属酸化物におけるNiとCoとM1の原子比の和に対する、被覆層におけるM2の原子比の割合(M2の原子比/(Niの原子比+Coの原子比+M1の原子比)×100)が0.1~5モル%であることが好ましく、0.1~3モル%であることがより好ましい。さらに1~3モル%であることが好ましい。
本実施形態において、被覆層の組成の確認は、二次粒子断面のSTEM-EDX元素ライン分析、誘導結合プラズマ発光分析、電子線マイクロアナライザ分析などを用いることで行うことができる。被覆層の結晶構造の確認は、粉末X線回折や、電子線回折を用いて行うことができる。
本実施形態のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の粒子形態は、一次粒子が凝集して形成された二次粒子である。本実施形態において、平均一次粒子径は、本発明の効果を高める意味で、0.1μm以上2.0μm以下が好ましく、0.1μm以上1.5μm以下であることがより好ましく、0.1μm以上1.0μm以下であることが更に好ましい。平均一次粒子径は、SEM観察により、測定することができる。
一次粒子が凝集して形成された二次粒子の平均二次粒子径は、2μm以上20μm以下であり、本発明の効果を高める意味で、2μm以上15μm以下であることがより好ましく、5μm以上15μm以下であることが更に好ましい。
また、本実施形態のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質のBET比表面積は、0.1m2/g以上2.5m2/g以下である。エネルギー密度を高める意味で、0.1m2/g以上1.5m2/g以下であることが好ましく、0.2m2/g以上0.6m2/g以下であることがより好ましい。
また、本実施形態のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の重装密度を軽装密度で除した値は、1.0以上2.0以下である。本発明の効果を高める意味で、1.1以上2未満であることが好ましく、1.2以上1.9以下であることがより好ましく、1.2以上1.8以下であることが更に好ましい。
重装密度は1.0g/cm3以上3.5g/cm3以下であることが好ましく、2.0g/cm3以上3.0g/cm3以下であることがより好ましく、2.2g/cm3以上2.7g/cm3以下であることが更に好ましい。
軽装密度は0.5g/cm3以上2.4g/cm3以下であることが好ましく、1.4g/cm3以上2.2g/cm3以下であることがより好ましく、1.5g/cm3以上2.1g/cm3以下であることが更に好ましく、1.6g/cm3以上2.0g/cm3以下であることが特に好ましい。
ここで、重装密度は、JIS R 1628-1997におけるタップかさ密度に該当し、軽装密度は、JIS R 1628-1997における初期かさ密度に該当する。
本発明の効果を高める意味で、本実施形態のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の粒度分布は、粒度分布測定値から求めた90%累積径(D90)/10%累積径(D10)の値が1以上5以下であることが好ましく、1を超え4以下であることがより好ましく、1.1以上3以下であることが更に好ましく、1.3以上2.5以下であることが特に好ましく、1.5以上2.3以下であることが最も好ましい。
本実施形態のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質は、本発明の効果を高める意味で、粉末X線回折パターンにおいて、回折ピークを空間群R3-mとして帰属した場合の(104)回折ピークに対する(003)回折ピークの強度比が1以上10以下であることが好ましく、1.2以上5以下であることがより好ましく、1.6以上3以下であることが更に好ましい。
本実施形態において、リチウム含有複合金属酸化物を製造するにあたって、まず、リチウム以外の金属、すなわち、Ni及びCo、並びに、Mg、Al、Ca、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Sr、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Tc、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Cd、In及びSnからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の任意金属を含む金属複合化合物を調製し、当該金属複合化合物を適当なリチウム塩と焼成することが好ましい。金属複合化合物としては、金属複合水酸化物又は金属複合酸化物が好ましい。以下に、リチウム含有複合金属酸化物の製造方法の一例を、金属複合化合物の製造工程と、リチウム含有複合金属酸化物の製造工程とに分けて説明する。
金属複合化合物は、通常公知のバッチ法又は共沈殿法により製造することが可能である。以下、金属として、ニッケル、コバルト及びマンガンを含む金属複合水酸化物を例に、その製造方法を詳述する。
上記金属複合酸化物又は金属複合水酸化物を乾燥した後、リチウム塩と混合する。
金属複合酸化物又は金属複合水酸化物の乾燥後に、適宜分級を行っても良い。以上のリチウム塩と金属複合酸化物又は金属複合水酸化物とは、最終目的物の組成比を勘案して用いられる。例えば、ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物を用いる場合、リチウム塩と当該金属複合水酸化物は、LiNixCoyMnzO2(式中、x+y+z=1)の組成比に対応する割合で用いられる。ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物及びリチウム塩の混合物を焼成することによって、リチウム-ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物が得られる。すなわち、リチウム含有複合金属酸化物が得られる。なお、焼成には、所望の組成に応じて乾燥空気、酸素雰囲気、不活性雰囲気等が用いられ、必要ならば複数の加熱工程が実施される。
上記リチウム含有複合金属酸化物を用いて、次のようにして、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質を得ることができる。例えば、被覆材原料及びリチウム含有複合金属酸化物を混合して、必要に応じて熱処理することによりリチウム含有複合金属酸化物の二次粒子の表面に被覆層を形成し、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質が得られる。
次いで、リチウム二次電池の構成を説明しながら、上述したリチウム含有複合金属酸化物をリチウム二次電池用正極活物質として用いたリチウム二次電池用正極、及びこのリチウム二次電池用正極を有するリチウム二次電池について説明する。
(正極)
本実施形態のリチウム二次電池用正極は、まずリチウム二次電池用正極活物質、導電材及びバインダーを含む正極合剤を調整し、正極合剤を正極集電体に担持させることで製造することができる。
本実施形態のリチウム二次電池用正極が有する導電材としては、炭素材料を用いることができる。炭素材料として黒鉛粉末、カーボンブラック(例えばアセチレンブラック)、繊維状炭素材料などを挙げることができる。カーボンブラックは、微粒で表面積が大きいため、少量を正極合剤中に添加することによりリチウム二次電池用正極内部の導電性を高め、充放電効率及び出力特性を向上させることができるが、多く入れすぎるとバインダーによる正極合剤と正極集電体との結着力、及び正極合剤内部の結着力がいずれも低下し、かえって内部抵抗を増加させる原因となる。
本実施形態のリチウム二次電池用正極が有するバインダーとしては、熱可塑性樹脂を用いることができる。この熱可塑性樹脂としては、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(以下、PVdFということがある。)、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(以下、PTFEということがある。)、四フッ化エチレン・六フッ化プロピレン・フッ化ビニリデン系共重合体、六フッ化プロピレン・フッ化ビニリデン系共重合体、四フッ化エチレン・パーフルオロビニルエーテル系共重合体などのフッ素樹脂;ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンなどのポリオレフィン樹脂;を挙げることができる。
本実施形態のリチウム二次電池用正極が有する正極集電体としては、Al、Ni、ステンレスなどの金属材料を形成材料とする帯状の部材を用いることができる。なかでも、加工しやすく、安価であるという点でAlを形成材料とし、薄膜状に加工したものが好ましい。
(負極)
本実施形態のリチウム二次電池が有する負極は、リチウム二次電池用正極よりも低い電位でリチウムイオンのドープかつ脱ドープが可能であればよく、負極活物質を含む負極合剤が負極集電体に担持されてなる電極、及び負極活物質単独からなる電極を挙げることができる。
負極が有する負極活物質としては、炭素材料、カルコゲン化合物(酸化物、硫化物など)、窒化物、金属または合金で、リチウム二次電池用正極よりも低い電位でリチウムイオンのドープかつ脱ドープが可能な材料が挙げられる。
負極が有する負極集電体としては、Cu、Ni、ステンレスなどの金属材料を形成材料とする帯状の部材を挙げることができる。なかでも、リチウムと合金を形成し難く、加工しやすいという点で、Cuを形成材料とし、薄膜状に加工したものが好ましい。
本実施形態のリチウム二次電池が有するセパレータとしては、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンなどのポリオレフィン樹脂、フッ素樹脂、含窒素芳香族重合体などの材質からなる、多孔質膜、不織布、織布などの形態を有する材料を用いることができる。また、これらの材質を2種以上用いてセパレータを形成してもよいし、これらの材料を積層してセパレータを形成してもよい。
本実施形態のリチウム二次電池が有する電解液は、電解質及び有機溶媒を含有する。
(1)リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の評価
1.結晶構造分析
結晶構造分析は、X線回折装置(X‘Pert PRO、PANalytical社)を用いて行った。測定する粉末を専用の基板に充填し、Cu-Kα線源を用いて、回折角2θ=10°~90°の範囲にて測定を行うことで、粉末X線回折図形を得た。粉末X線回折パターン総合解析ソフトウェアJADE5を用い、該粉末X線回折図形から(003)回折ピークに対応するピークの強度及び(104)回折ピークに対応するピークの強度を得て、比を算出した。
(003)回折ピーク: 2θ=18.7±1°
(104)回折ピーク: 2θ=44.6±1°
2.組成分析
組成分析は、測定する粉末を塩酸に溶解させた後、誘導結合プラズマ発光分析装置(エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社製、SPS3000)を用いて行った。
測定する粒子を、サンプルステージの上に貼った導電性シート上に載せ、日本電子株式会社製JSM-5510を用いて、加速電圧が20kVの電子線を照射してSEM観察を行った。SEM観察により得られた画像(SEM写真)から任意に50個の一次粒子を抽出し、それぞれの一次粒子について、一次粒子の投影像を一定方向から引いた平行線ではさんだ平行線間の距離(定方向径)を一次粒子の粒子径として測定した。得られた粒子径の算術平均値を、平均一次粒子径とした。
測定する粉末0.1gを、0.2質量%ヘキサメタリン酸ナトリウム水溶液50mlに投入し、該粉末を分散させた分散液を得た。得られた分散液についてマルバーン社製マスターサイザー2000(レーザー回折散乱粒度分布測定装置)を用いて、粒度分布を測定し、体積基準の累積粒度分布曲線を得た。得られた累積粒度分布曲線において、50%累積時の微小粒子側から見た粒子径(D50)の値を、平均二次粒子径とした。また、同様にして10%累積時の微小粒子側から見た粒子径(D10)を10%累積径とし、90%累積時の微小粒子側から見た粒子径(D90)を90%累積径とした。
測定する粉末1gを窒素雰囲気中、150℃で15分間乾燥させた後、マイクロメリティックス製フローソーブII2300を用いて測定した。
軽装密度及び重装密度は、JIS R 1628-1997記載の方法で求めた。
7.被覆層の分析
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の二次粒子をFIBで薄片加工し、STEM-EDX装置で二次粒子断面の元素マッピングおよび元素ライン分析を行った。二次粒子表面に元素M2が偏在していることを確認することで被覆層の有無を確認した。
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質粉体10gを、30%の塩酸1Lと30%の過酸化水素水3mlとの混合溶液に投入し、25℃で2hr攪拌・溶解し、残留物を濾過、水洗、乾燥した後に得られた粉末を用いて、上記1.結晶構造分析および2.組成分析を行った。
後述する製造方法で得られるリチウム二次電池用正極活物質と導電材(アセチレンブラック)とバインダー(PVdF)とを、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質:導電材:バインダー=92:5:3(質量比)の組成となるように加えて混練することにより、ペースト状の正極合剤を調製した。正極合剤の調製時には、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンを有機溶媒として用いた。
以下の操作を、アルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス内で行った。
「(3)リチウム二次電池(コイン型電池)の作製」で作製したコイン型電池を用いて、以下に示す条件で放電レート試験を実施した。放電レート試験における、3CA放電容量維持率をそれぞれ以下のようにして求めた。
<放電レート試験>
試験温度25℃
充電最大電圧4.3V、充電時間8時間、充電電流0.2CA定電流定電圧充電
放電最小電圧3.0V、定電流放電
0.2CAで定電流放電させたときの放電容量と、3CAで放電させたときの放電容量とを求めることで、以下の式で求められる3CA放電容量維持率を求めた。3CA放電容量維持率が高ければ高いほど、高出力を示すことを意味する。
<3CA放電容量維持率>
3CA放電容量維持率(%)
=3CAにおける放電容量/0.2CAにおける放電容量×100
1.正極活物質C1の製造
攪拌機及びオーバーフローパイプを備えた反応槽内に水を入れた後、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加した。
得られたリチウム含有複合金属酸化物B1の組成分析の結果、Li:Ni:Coのモル比は1.03:0.92:0.08であった。
得られた正極活物質C1の粉末X線回折測定の結果、正極活物質C1の結晶構造は、空間群R-3mに分類されることがわかり、(104)回折ピークに対する(003)回折ピークの強度比は、1.7であった。
正極活物質C1を用いてコイン型電池を作製し放電レート試験を行ったところ、3CA放電容量維持率は76%であった。
1.正極活物質C2の製造
攪拌機及びオーバーフローパイプを備えた反応槽内に水を入れた後、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加した。
組成分析の結果Ni:Co:Mgのモル比は0.90:0.08:0.02であった。
得られたリチウム含有複合金属酸化物B2の組成分析の結果、Li:Ni:Co:Mgのモル比は1.03:0.90:0.08:0.02であった。
得られた正極活物質C2の粉末X線回折測定の結果、正極活物質C2の結晶構造は、空間群R-3mに分類されることがわかり、(104)回折ピークに対する(003)回折ピークの強度比は、1.6であった。
正極活物質C2を用いてコイン型電池を作製し放電レート試験を行ったところ、3CA放電容量維持率は82%であった。
1.正極活物質C3の製造
攪拌機及びオーバーフローパイプを備えた反応槽内に水を入れた後、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加した。
得られた正極活物質C3の粉末X線回折測定の結果、正極活物質C3の結晶構造は、空間群R-3mに分類されることがわかり、(104)回折ピークに対する(003)回折ピークの強度比は、1.9であった。
正極活物質C3を用いてコイン型電池を作製し放電レート試験を行ったところ、3CA放電容量維持率は76%であった。
1.正極活物質C4の製造
攪拌機及びオーバーフローパイプを備えた反応槽内に水を入れた後、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加した。
得られたリチウム含有複合金属酸化物B4の組成分析の結果、Li:Ni:Co:Alのモル比は1.03:0.90:0.08:0.02であった。
得られた正極活物質C4の粉末X線回折測定の結果、正極活物質C4の結晶構造は、空間群R-3mに分類されることがわかり、(104)回折ピークに対する(003)回折ピークの強度比は、1.8であった。
正極活物質C4を用いてコイン型電池を作製し放電レート試験を行ったところ、3CA放電容量維持率は78%であった。
1.正極活物質C5の製造
攪拌機及びオーバーフローパイプを備えた反応槽内に水を入れた後、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加した。
得られたリチウム含有複合金属酸化物B5の組成分析の結果、Li:Ni:Co:Znのモル比は1.03:0.90:0.08:0.02であった。
得られた正極活物質C5の粉末X線回折測定の結果、正極活物質C5の結晶構造は、空間群R-3mに分類されることがわかり、(104)回折ピークに対する(003)回折ピークの強度比は、1.7であった。
正極活物質C5を用いてコイン型電池を作製し放電レート試験を行ったところ、3CA放電容量維持率は74%であった。
1.正極活物質C6の製造
金属複合化合物A1と酸化スズと水酸化リチウム粉末とをLi/(Ni+Co+Sn)=1.03となるように秤量して乳鉢で乾式混合した後、酸素雰囲気下750℃で10時間焼成して、リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B6を得た。
得られたリチウム含有複合金属酸化物B6の組成分析の結果、Li:Ni:Co:Snのモル比は1.03:0.90:0.08:0.02であった。
得られた正極活物質C6の粉末X線回折測定の結果、正極活物質C6の結晶構造は、空間群R-3mに分類されることがわかり、(104)回折ピークに対する(003)回折ピークの強度比は、1.7であった。
正極活物質C6を用いてコイン型電池を作製し放電レート試験を行ったところ、3CA放電容量維持率は74%であった。
1.リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造
リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B1をリチウム二次電池用正極活物質とした。
リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B1の粉末X線回折測定の結果、リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B1の結晶構造は、空間群R-3mに分類されることがわかり、(104)回折ピークに対する(003)回折ピークの強度比は、1.7であった。
リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B1を用いてコイン型電池を作製し放電レート試験を行ったところ、3CA放電容量維持率は57%であった。
1.リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造
リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B2をリチウム二次電池用正極活物質とした。
リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B2の粉末X線回折測定の結果、リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B2の結晶構造は、空間群R-3mに分類されることがわかり、(104)回折ピークに対する(003)回折ピークの強度比は、1.5であった。
リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B2を用いてコイン型電池を作製し放電レート試験を行ったところ、3CA放電容量維持率は53%であった。
1.リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造
リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B3をリチウム二次電池用正極活物質とした。
リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B3の粉末X線回折測定の結果、リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B3の結晶構造は、空間群R-3mに分類されることがわかり、(104)回折ピークに対する(003)回折ピークの強度比は、1.8であった。
リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B3を用いてコイン型電池を作製し放電レート試験を行ったところ、3CA放電容量維持率は56%であった。
1.リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造
リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B4をリチウム二次電池用正極活物質とした。
リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B4の粉末X線回折測定の結果、リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B4の結晶構造は、空間群R-3mに分類されることがわかり、(104)回折ピークに対する(003)回折ピークの強度比は、1.6であった。
リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B4を用いてコイン型電池を作製し放電レート試験を行ったところ、3CA放電容量維持率は35%であった。
1.リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造
リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B5をリチウム二次電池用正極活物質とした。
リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B5の粉末X線回折測定の結果、リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B5の結晶構造は、空間群R-3mに分類されることがわかり、(104)回折ピークに対する(003)回折ピークの強度比は、1.6であった。
リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B5を用いてコイン型電池を作製し放電レート試験を行ったところ、3CA放電容量維持率は32%であった。
1.リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造
リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B6をリチウム二次電池用正極活物質とした。
リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B6の粉末X線回折測定の結果、リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B6の結晶構造は、空間群R-3mに分類されることがわかり、(104)回折ピークに対する(003)回折ピークの強度比は、1.9であった。
リチウム含有複合金属酸化物B6を用いてコイン型電池を作製し放電レート試験を行ったところ、3CA放電容量維持率は59%であった。
1.正極活物質C7の製造
攪拌機を備えた反応槽内に水酸化カリウム水溶液を添加した。
得られた粒子を、濾過後水洗し、100℃で乾燥することにより、乾燥粉末の金属複合化合物A7を得た。この金属複合化合物A7のBET比表面積は、60m2/gであった。
得られたリチウム含有複合金属酸化物B7の組成分析の結果、Li:Niのモル比は1.01:1であった。
得られた正極活物質C7の粉末X線回折測定の結果、正極活物質C7の結晶構造は、空間群R-3mに分類されることがわかり、(104)回折ピークに対する(003)回折ピークの強度比は、1.5であった。
正極活物質C7を用いてコイン型電池を作製し放電レート試験を行ったところ、3CA放電容量維持率は57%であった。
1.正極活物質C8の製造
攪拌機を備えた反応槽内に水酸化カリウム水溶液を添加した。
得られたリチウム含有複合金属酸化物B8の組成分析の結果、Li:Ni:Coのモル比は1.03:0.92:0.08であった。
得られた正極活物質C8の粉末X線回折測定の結果、正極活物質C8の結晶構造は、空間群R-3mに分類されることがわかり、(104)回折ピークに対する(003)回折ピークの強度比は、1.2であった。
正極活物質C8を用いてコイン型電池を作製し放電レート試験を行ったところ、3CA放電容量維持率は30%であった。
1.正極活物質C9の製造
攪拌機を備えた反応槽内に水酸化カリウム水溶液を添加した。
得られたリチウム含有複合金属酸化物B9の組成分析の結果、Li:Ni:Co:Mnのモル比は1.03:0.90:0.08:0.02であった。
得られた正極活物質C9の粉末X線回折測定の結果、正極活物質C9の結晶構造は、空間群R-3mに分類されることがわかり、(104)回折ピークに対する(003)回折ピークの強度比は、1.1であった。
正極活物質C9を用いてコイン型電池を作製し放電レート試験を行ったところ、3CA放電容量維持率は29%であった。
1.正極活物質C10の製造
攪拌機を備えた反応槽内に水酸化カリウム水溶液を添加した。
得られたリチウム含有複合金属酸化物B10の組成分析の結果、Li:Ni:Coのモル比は1.00:0.85:0.15であった。
得られた正極活物質C10の粉末X線回折測定の結果、正極活物質C10の結晶構造は、空間群R-3mに分類されることがわかり、(104)回折ピークに対する(003)回折ピークの強度比は、1.2であった。
正極活物質C10を用いてコイン型電池を作製し放電レート試験を行ったところ、3CA放電容量維持率は47%であった。
実施例1~6の要件(1)~(3)を満たすリチウム含有複合金属酸化物をリチウム二次電池用正極活物質として用いたリチウム二次電池では、要件(1)を満たさない、比較例7、10のリチウム含有複合金属酸化物をリチウム二次電池用正極活物質として用いたリチウム二次電池よりも3CA放電容量維持率が増加、すなわち高出力を示した。
また、同様に実施例1~6の要件(1)~(3)を満たすリチウム含有複合金属酸化物をリチウム二次電池用正極活物質として用いたリチウム二次電池では、要件(2)を満たさない、比較例1~6のリチウム含有複合金属酸化物をリチウム二次電池用正極活物質として用いたリチウム二次電池よりも3CA放電容量維持率が増加、すなわち高出力を示した。
また、同様に実施例1~6の要件(1)~(3)を満たすリチウム含有複合金属酸化物をリチウム二次電池用正極活物質として用いたリチウム二次電池では、要件(3)を満たさない、比較例7~10のリチウム含有複合金属酸化物をリチウム二次電池用正極活物質として用いたリチウム二次電池よりも3CA放電容量維持率が増加、すなわち高出力を示した。
2 正極
3 負極
4 電極群
5 電池缶
6 電解液
7 トップインシュレーター
8 封口体
10 リチウム二次電池
21 正極リード
31 負極リード
Claims (10)
- リチウムイオンをドープ及び脱ドープ可能な一次粒子が凝集してなる二次粒子からなるリチウム含有複合金属酸化物の表面に、被覆層を備えたリチウム二次電池用正極活物質であって、下記要件(1)~(3)を満たすことを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
(1)前記リチウム含有複合金属酸化物が、式(A)で表されるα-NaFeO2型の結晶構造を有する。
Lia(NibCocM1 1-b-c)O2・・・(A)
(式中、0.9≦a≦1.2、0.9≦b<1、0<c≦0.1、0.9<b+c≦1であり、
M1はMg、Al、Ca、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Sr、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Tc、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Cd、In及びSnからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の任意金属を表す。)
(2)前記被覆層が、LiとM2(M2はAl、Ti、Zr及びWからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の任意金属を表す。)との金属複合酸化物を含む。
(3)前記リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の平均二次粒子径が2μm以上20μm以下であり、BET比表面積が0.1m2/g以上2.5m2/g以下であり、重装密度を軽装密度で除した値が1.0以上2.0以下である。 - M1はMg、Al、Ca、Ti、Mn、Zn、Ga、Zr及びSnからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- M1はMg、Al、Mn、Zn及びSnからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項1又は2に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 重装密度が1.0g/cm3以上3.5g/cm3以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 粒度分布測定値から求めた90%累積径(D90)/10%累積径(D10)の値が1以上5以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- NiとCoとM1の原子比の和に対するM2の原子比の割合が0.1~5モル%である請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- M2がAlである、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 被覆層がアルミン酸リチウムである請求項7に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質を有するリチウム二次電池用正極。
- 請求項9に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極を有するリチウム二次電池。
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KR102228109B1 (ko) | 2021-03-15 |
JPWO2015111740A1 (ja) | 2017-03-23 |
US20160380263A1 (en) | 2016-12-29 |
JP6026679B2 (ja) | 2016-11-16 |
CN110739451A (zh) | 2020-01-31 |
CN110739451B (zh) | 2021-05-25 |
EP3101716A1 (en) | 2016-12-07 |
EP3101716B1 (en) | 2018-07-04 |
EP3101716A4 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
KR20160113607A (ko) | 2016-09-30 |
CN105917500A (zh) | 2016-08-31 |
US11557754B2 (en) | 2023-01-17 |
CN105917500B (zh) | 2021-06-01 |
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