WO2012111462A1 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子及び照明装置 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子及び照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012111462A1 WO2012111462A1 PCT/JP2012/052584 JP2012052584W WO2012111462A1 WO 2012111462 A1 WO2012111462 A1 WO 2012111462A1 JP 2012052584 W JP2012052584 W JP 2012052584W WO 2012111462 A1 WO2012111462 A1 WO 2012111462A1
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- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229940079865 intestinal antiinfectives imidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001984 thiazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CRUIOQJBPNKOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[3,2-e][1]benzothiole Chemical group C1=C2SC=CC2=C2C=CSC2=C1 CRUIOQJBPNKOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002053 thietanyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001730 thiiranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- BRNULMACUQOKMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiomorpholine Chemical group C1CSCCN1 BRNULMACUQOKMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran Chemical compound S1C=CC=C=C1 IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000025 triisopropylsilyl group Chemical group C(C)(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical group O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/79—Acids; Esters
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- C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D221/04—Ortho- or peri-condensed ring systems
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- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/58—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring nitrogen atoms
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- C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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- C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
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- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence element and a lighting device that are applied to various displays, display devices, lighting, and the like.
- an organic electroluminescence element (hereinafter also referred to as an organic EL element) that emits light using electric energy from positive and negative electrodes using an organic material has a low voltage of about several V to several tens V. In particular, it has been attracting attention in recent years because it is a thin-film type complete solid-state device and saves space.
- a transparent layer (hereinafter referred to as a transparent protective layer) made of a metal phthalocyanine-based material such as copper phthalocyanine is provided between the transparent conductive layer and the light emitting layer.
- Patent Document 1 A technique for suppressing damage to the organic layer in the process of forming the conductive layer is mentioned (see Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2). It has been found that this technique has a drawback that the luminous efficiency is lowered because copper phthalocyanine having a low transmittance is used as the material of the transparent protective layer.
- Patent Document 3 As another technique, studies have been made to use a layer formed by depositing titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, zirconium oxide or lanthanum oxide in an oxygen defect state as a transparent protective layer (see Patent Document 3). This is because the oxygen defect state of the metal oxide described above is unstable, and oxygen radicals generated in the sputtering process for forming the transparent conductive layer are trapped by the transparent protective layer, thereby oxidizing the organic layer. It is a technology that aims to suppress the above. Therefore, it was found that although there is an effect in suppressing the oxidative damage of the organic layer by the sputtering process, there is a problem that the voltage increases due to the oxidation of the transparent protective layer.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to drive the formation of a transparent conductive layer of a top emission type and a double emission type organic electroluminescence element even if a highly productive sputtering method is used.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescence element and an illuminating device which have no increase in voltage and whose driving voltage is improved.
- a transparent protective layer is disposed between the light emitting layer and the transparent conductive layer, and the light emitting layer contains a phosphorescent compound.
- the transparent protective layer contains a metal oxide, and the metal oxide is molybdenum oxide (hexavalent), rhenium oxide (hexavalent) or nickel oxide (divalent). Hexavalent), rhenium oxide (hexavalent), and nickel oxide (divalent) are in an oxygen deficient state.
- n1 represents an integer of 1 or more
- Y1 represents a substituent when n1 is 1, and represents a single bond or an n1-valent linking group when n1 is 2 or more.
- Ar1 represents a group represented by the following general formula (A). When n1 is 2 or more, a plurality of Ar1s may be the same or different. However, the compound represented by the general formula (1) has at least two condensed aromatic heterocycles in which three or more rings are condensed in the molecule.
- X represents N (R), O, S or Si (R) (R ′), E1 to E8 represent C (R1) or N, and R, R ′ and R1 represent a hydrogen atom , A substituent or a linking site with Y1.
- * represents a linking site with Y1.
- Y2 represents a simple bond or a divalent linking group.
- Y3 and Y4 each represents a group derived from a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic ring, and at least one represents a group derived from an aromatic heterocycle containing a nitrogen atom as a ring constituent atom.
- n2 represents an integer of 1 to 4. ] 6).
- Y5 represents the bivalent coupling group which consists of an arylene group, heteroarylene group, or those combination.
- E51 to E66 each represent C (R3) or N, and R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- Y6 to Y9 each represents a group derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or a group derived from an aromatic heterocycle, and at least one of Y6 or Y7 and at least one of Y8 or Y9 is an aromatic group containing an N atom.
- n3 and n4 represent an integer of 0 to 4, and n3 + n4 is an integer of 2 or more.
- 7. 7 The organic electroluminescence device as described in 6 above, wherein the compound represented by the general formula (2) is a compound represented by the following general formula (3).
- Y5 represents the bivalent coupling group which consists of an arylene group, heteroarylene group, or those combination.
- E51 to E66 and E71 to E88 each represent C (R3) or N, and R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. However, at least one of E71 to E79 and at least one of E80 to E88 represents N.
- n3 and n4 represent an integer of 0 to 4, and n3 + n4 is an integer of 2 or more.
- 8 The organic electroluminescence device as described in any one of 1 to 7 above, wherein the phosphorescent compound is represented by the following general formula (4).
- P and Q each represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom
- A1 represents an atomic group which forms an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic heterocycle together with PC.
- A2 represents an atomic group that forms an aromatic heterocycle with QN.
- P1-L1-P2 represents a bidentate ligand
- P1 and P2 each independently represent a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.
- L1 represents an atomic group that forms a bidentate ligand together with P1 and P2.
- j1 represents an integer of 1 to 3
- j2 represents an integer of 0 to 2
- j1 + j2 is 2 or 3.
- M1 represents a group 8-10 transition metal element in the periodic table.
- Z represents a hydrocarbon ring group or a heterocyclic group.
- P and Q each represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom
- A1 represents an atomic group that forms an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring together with P—C.
- P1-L1-P2 represents a bidentate ligand, and P1 and P2 each independently represent a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, or an oxygen atom.
- L1 represents an atomic group that forms a bidentate ligand together with P1 and P2.
- M1 represents a group 8-10 transition metal element in the periodic table. A broken line represents a single bond or a double bond. ] 10. 10. The organic electroluminescent device according to 8 or 9, wherein M1 represents iridium.
- An illuminating device comprising the organic electroluminescent element according to any one of 1 to 13 above.
- the preferable specific example of the layer structure of the double-sided emission type organic EL element by which the transparent conductive layer of this invention becomes a cathode is shown.
- the preferable specific example of the layer structure of the top emission type organic EL element by which the transparent conductive layer of this invention becomes an anode is shown.
- the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention has a transparent protective layer mainly composed of a metal oxide between a transparent conductive layer and a light emitting layer, and contains a phosphorescent compound in the light emitting layer. It is characterized by being.
- the transparent protective layer is a layer that suppresses damage to the light emitting layer in the steps subsequent to the film forming step of the transparent protective layer, and a layer containing a phosphorescent compound is used in the light emitting layer. Even if the thickness of the transparent protective layer is not increased, there is a feature that the voltage rise due to the sputtering process for forming the transparent conductive layer does not occur.
- the effect of the present invention is further improved by using a transparent protective layer containing molybdenum oxide (hexavalent), rhenium oxide (hexavalent) or nickel oxide (divalent) in an oxygen defect state as a metal oxide.
- a transparent protective layer containing molybdenum oxide (hexavalent), rhenium oxide (hexavalent) or nickel oxide (divalent) in an oxygen defect state as a metal oxide.
- the transparent protective layer containing molybdenum oxide (hexavalent), rhenium oxide (hexavalent) or nickel oxide (divalent) may have a film thickness larger than that of the transparent protective layer containing other metal oxides. This is because the luminescent damage in the sputtering process can be further reduced.
- Organic EL element >> First, embodiments of the organic EL device of the present invention, which is an example of a surface light emitter, will be described in detail.
- the contents described below are representative examples of embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention exceeds the gist thereof. As long as there is no, it is not limited to these contents.
- FIG. 1A shows an example of a double-sided emission type configuration in which the transparent conductive layer 9 serves as a cathode corresponding to the configuration of (ii).
- the anode 2a is on the substrate 1 side.
- FIG. 1B shows an example of a top emission type configuration in which the transparent conductive layer 9 serves as an anode, corresponding to the configuration (iv).
- the cathode 2b is on the substrate 1 side.
- the transparent protective layer according to the present invention is formed between a transparent conductive layer formed by sputtering or the like and an organic layer including a light emitting layer.
- the light emitting layer preferably contains at least two kinds of light emitting materials having different emission colors, and a single layer or a light emitting layer unit composed of a plurality of light emitting layers may be formed.
- the hole transport layer also includes a hole injection layer and an electron blocking layer.
- the transparent protective layer according to the present invention is a layer that is substantially transparent and suppresses process damage to the light emitting layer in a subsequent step of the transparent protective layer.
- substantially transparent as used in the present invention means that the visible light transmittance is 50% or more.
- the organic EL device of the present invention has a transparent protective layer between the transparent conductive layer and the light emitting layer.
- the transparent protective layer is provided between the transparent conductive layer and the light emitting layer, deterioration of the light emitting layer in the process after the transparent protective layer is suppressed.
- the transparent protective layer according to the present invention is characterized in that the main component is a metal oxide, and the metal oxide according to the present invention is molybdenum oxide (hexavalent), rhenium oxide (hexavalent) or nickel oxide (2 Value).
- the metal oxide according to the present invention is in an oxygen defect state.
- the oxygen defect state means a state having an oxygen-deficient non-stoichiometric composition.
- the oxygen defect state of molybdenum oxide (hexavalent) means that the molybdenum oxide has molybdenum oxide having a valence smaller than hexavalent.
- the vapor deposition method is preferred as the method for forming the transparent protective layer according to the present invention.
- the film thickness of the transparent protective layer according to the present invention is preferably 60 nm or more and 150 nm or less in order to sufficiently suppress the oxidative damage of the organic layer. If the film thickness is too thin, deterioration of the light emitting layer in the transparent conductive layer forming process becomes a problem, and if the film thickness is too thick, a decrease in light extraction efficiency becomes a problem.
- the transparent protective layer according to the present invention suppresses oxidative damage of the organic layer during electrode formation.
- Molybdenum oxide (hexavalent), rhenium oxide (hexavalent), and nickel oxide (divalent) contained in the transparent protective layer are in an oxygen defect state and are driven even when the film thickness is as thick as 60 nm or more. The voltage does not rise so much.
- Molybdenum oxide (hexavalent), rhenium oxide (hexavalent), and nickel oxide (divalent) are commercially available from reagent manufacturers and can be easily obtained.
- the film forming method of the transparent protective layer according to the present invention is preferably a vapor deposition method.
- oxygen is introduced into the system (in the vapor deposition apparatus) using a material used as a vapor deposition material such as molybdenum oxide (hexavalent). Without film formation.
- a transparent protective layer made of a metal oxide in an oxygen defect state can be obtained without forming a stoichiometrically satisfied composition.
- the film forming conditions can be appropriately changed according to the deposition material such as the heating temperature and the deposition rate except that oxygen is not introduced into the system.
- the composition of the formed metal oxide film can be confirmed by analyzing by ESCA (Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis).
- the transparent protective layer according to the present invention may be patterned as necessary. Since the transparent conductive layer and the electron injection layer or the transparent conductive layer and the hole transport layer are in electrical contact by patterning the transparent protective layer, electrons or holes transported from the transparent conductive layer are Since it is transported to the electron injection layer or the hole transport layer without passing through the transparent protective layer, it is possible to emit light at a lower voltage.
- patterning the transparent protective layer which concerns on this invention it is preferable to pattern by the space
- limiting in particular in the shape of patterning For example, a line-form patterning and a grid
- Examples of the method for patterning the transparent protective layer according to the present invention include a shadow mask method, a laser thermal transfer method, a laser vapor deposition method, a laser ablation method, an ink jet method, and a printing method.
- a preferred form of the transparent protective layer patterning method according to the present invention is a shadow mask method by vapor deposition.
- an auxiliary electrode can be provided on the transparent conductive layer for the purpose of reducing the resistance.
- a material for forming the auxiliary electrode a metal having low resistance such as gold, platinum, silver, copper, and aluminum is preferable.
- the method for forming the auxiliary electrode include a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, a printing method, an ink jet method, and an aerosol jet method.
- the line width of the auxiliary electrode according to the present invention is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of the aperture ratio of the transparent conductive layer, and the thickness of the auxiliary electrode is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more from the viewpoint of conductivity.
- the auxiliary electrode according to the present invention is preferably formed on an unpatterned region of the transparent protective layer. In the present invention, the region where the transparent protective layer is not patterned refers to the region where there is no transparent protective layer.
- Transparent conductive layer Electrode
- a conductive light transmissive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , ZnO or the like is preferably used.
- a material such as IDIXO (In 2 O 3 —ZnO) that can form an amorphous light-transmitting conductive film may be used.
- a sputtering method is preferable from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the transparent conductive layer according to the present invention may form a pattern having a desired shape by photolithography, or if the pattern accuracy is not so high (about 100 ⁇ m or more), A pattern may be formed through a mask having a desired shape during vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the sheet resistance of the transparent conductive layer according to the present invention is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less. Further, although the film thickness depends on the material, it is usually selected in the range of 10 to 1000 nm, preferably 50 to 200 nm.
- the light emitting layer according to the present invention is characterized in that a phosphorescent compound is contained as a light emitting material.
- the light-emitting layer is a layer that emits light by recombination of electrons and holes injected from the electrode, the electron transport layer, or the hole transport layer, and the light-emitting portion is the light-emitting layer even in the layer of the light-emitting layer. It may be an interface with an adjacent layer.
- the light emitting layer is not particularly limited in its configuration as long as the light emitting material included satisfies the light emission requirements. Moreover, there may be a plurality of layers having the same emission spectrum and emission maximum wavelength. Moreover, it is preferable to have a non-light emitting intermediate
- the total film thickness of the light emitting layer is preferably in the range of 1 to 100 nm, and more preferably 1 nm or more and 30 nm or less because a lower driving voltage can be obtained. Note that the total film thickness of the light emitting layer is a film thickness including the intermediate layer when a non-light emitting intermediate layer exists between the light emitting layers.
- each light emitting layer is preferably adjusted in the range of 1 to 50 nm, more preferably in the range of 1 to 20 nm. There is no particular limitation on the relationship between the film thicknesses of the blue, green and red light emitting layers.
- a light-emitting material or a host compound which will be described later, is formed by forming a film by a known thin film forming method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, an LB method, or an inkjet method. it can.
- Each light emitting layer may be a mixture of a plurality of light emitting materials, or a phosphorescent light emitting material and a fluorescent light emitting material may be mixed and used in the same light emitting layer.
- the structure of the light emitting layer preferably contains a host compound and a light emitting material (also referred to as a light emitting dopant compound) and emits light from the light emitting material.
- a light emitting material also referred to as a light emitting dopant compound
- a compound having a phosphorescence quantum yield of phosphorescence emission at room temperature (25 ° C.) of less than 0.1 is preferable. More preferably, the phosphorescence quantum yield is less than 0.01. Moreover, it is preferable that the volume ratio in the layer is 50% or more among the compounds contained in a light emitting layer.
- known host compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the organic EL element can be made highly efficient.
- the host compound used may be a conventionally known low molecular compound, a high molecular compound having a repeating unit, or a low molecular compound having a polymerizable group such as a vinyl group or an epoxy group (evaporation polymerizable light emitting host). .
- Tg glass transition temperature
- DSC Different Scanning Colorimetry
- a phosphorescent material also referred to as a phosphorescent compound or a phosphorescent compound
- a phosphorescent compound also referred to as a phosphorescent compound or a phosphorescent compound
- the phosphorescent material is a compound in which light emission from an excited triplet is observed.
- the phosphorescent material is a compound that emits phosphorescence at room temperature (25 ° C.). Although defined as being a compound of 01 or more, the preferred phosphorescence quantum yield is 0.1 or more.
- the phosphorescent quantum yield can be measured by the method described in Spectra II, page 398 (1992 edition, Maruzen) of Experimental Chemistry Course 4 of the 4th edition. Although the phosphorescence quantum yield in a solution can be measured using various solvents, when using a phosphorescent material in the present invention, the above phosphorescence quantum yield (0.01 or more) is achieved in any solvent. It only has to be done.
- phosphorescent materials There are two types of light emission principles of phosphorescent materials. One is the recombination of carriers on the host compound to which carriers are transported to generate an excited state of the host compound, and this energy is used as the phosphorescent material. It is an energy transfer type that obtains light emission from the phosphorescent light emitting material by moving to the phosphor, and the other is a phosphorescent light emitting material that becomes a carrier trap and carrier recombination occurs on the phosphorescent light emitting material. In any case, the excited state energy of the phosphorescent material is lower than the excited state energy of the host compound.
- the phosphorescent light-emitting material can be appropriately selected from known materials used for the light-emitting layer of the organic EL element, but is preferably a complex compound containing a group 8-10 metal in the periodic table of elements. More preferred are iridium compounds, osmium compounds, platinum compounds (platinum complex compounds), and rare earth complexes, and most preferred are iridium compounds.
- At least one light emitting layer may contain two or more kinds of light emitting materials, and the concentration ratio of the light emitting materials in the light emitting layer may vary in the thickness direction of the light emitting layer.
- the phosphorescent compound according to the present invention is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (4).
- the phosphorescent compound represented by the general formula (4) (also referred to as a phosphorescent metal complex) is preferably contained as a luminescent dopant in the light emitting layer of the organic EL device of the present invention. However, it may be contained in a constituent layer other than the light emitting layer (the constituent layer of the organic EL element of the present invention will be described in detail later).
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring formed by A1 together with P—C includes a benzene ring, biphenyl ring, naphthalene ring, azulene ring, anthracene ring, phenanthrene ring, pyrene ring, chrysene ring, naphthacene ring, Triphenylene ring, o-terphenyl ring, m-terphenyl ring, p-terphenyl ring, acenaphthene ring, coronene ring, fluorene ring, fluoranthrene ring, naphthacene ring, pentacene ring, perylene ring, pentaphen ring, picene ring, Examples include a pyrene ring, a pyrantolen ring, and anthraanthrene ring.
- These rings may further have a substituent represented by Y1 in the general formula (1) described later.
- the aromatic heterocycle formed by A1 together with P—C includes a furan ring, a thiophene ring, an oxazole ring, a pyrrole ring, a pyridine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyrazine ring, a triazine ring, Benzimidazole ring, oxadiazole ring, triazole ring, imidazole ring, pyrazole ring, thiazole ring, indole ring, benzimidazole ring, benzothiazole ring, benzoxazole ring, quinoxaline ring, quinazoline ring, phthalazine ring, carbazole ring, azacarbazole A ring etc. are mentioned.
- the azacarbazole ring means one in which at least one carbon atom of the benzene ring constituting the carbazole ring is replaced with a nitrogen atom.
- These rings may further have a substituent represented by Y1 in the general formula (1) described later.
- examples of the aromatic heterocycle formed by A2 together with QN include an oxazole ring, an oxadiazole ring, an oxatriazole ring, an isoxazole ring, a tetrazole ring, a thiadiazole ring, a thiatriazole ring, Examples include a thiazole ring, a pyrrole ring, a pyridine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyrazine ring, a triazine ring, an imidazole ring, a pyrazole ring, and a triazole ring.
- These rings may further have a substituent represented by Y1 in the general formula (1) described later.
- examples of the bidentate ligand represented by P1-L1-P2 include phenylpyridine, phenylpyrazole, phenylimidazole, phenyltriazole, phenyltetrazole, pyrazabole, acetylacetone, and picolinic acid. .
- j1 represents an integer of 1 to 3
- j2 represents an integer of 0 to 2
- j1 + j2 represents 2 or 3
- j2 is preferably 0.
- M1 is a transition metal element of Group 8 to Group 10 (also referred to simply as transition metal) in the periodic table of elements, and iridium is particularly preferable.
- the phosphorescent compound according to the present invention is more preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (5).
- examples of the hydrocarbon ring group represented by Z include non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring groups and aromatic hydrocarbon ring groups, and examples of the non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring group include cyclopropyl. Group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group and the like. These groups may be unsubstituted or have a substituent described later.
- aromatic hydrocarbon ring group examples include, for example, phenyl group, p-chlorophenyl group, mesityl group, tolyl group, xylyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group, Examples include an azulenyl group, an acenaphthenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an indenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a biphenylyl group.
- These groups may be unsubstituted or may have a substituent represented by Y1 in the general formula (1) described later.
- examples of the heterocyclic group represented by Z include a non-aromatic heterocyclic group and an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- examples of the non-aromatic heterocyclic group include an epoxy ring, Aziridine ring, thiirane ring, oxetane ring, azetidine ring, thietane ring, tetrahydrofuran ring, dioxolane ring, pyrrolidine ring, pyrazolidine ring, imidazolidine ring, oxazolidine ring, tetrahydrothiophene ring, sulfolane ring, thiazolidine ring, ⁇ -caprolactone ring, ⁇ -Caprolactam ring, piperidine ring, hexahydropyridazine ring, hexahydropyrimidine ring, piperazine ring, morpholine ring, tetrahydropyran ring
- These groups may be unsubstituted or may have a substituent represented by Y1 in the general formula (1) described later.
- aromatic heterocyclic group examples include a pyridyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a furyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, and a triazolyl group (for example, 1,2,4-triazole-1- Yl, 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, etc.), oxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, furazanyl, thienyl, quinolyl, benzofuryl, dibenzofuryl Group, benzothienyl group, dibenzothienyl group, indolyl group, carbazolyl group, carbolinyl group, diazacarbazolyl group (indicating that one of the carbon atoms constituting the carboline ring of the carbolinyl group,
- These groups may be unsubstituted or may have a substituent represented by Y1 in the general formula (1) described later.
- the group represented by Z is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring that A1 forms with P—C includes benzene ring, biphenyl ring, naphthalene ring, azulene ring, anthracene ring, phenanthrene ring, pyrene ring, chrysene ring, naphthacene ring , Triphenylene ring, o-terphenyl ring, m-terphenyl ring, p-terphenyl ring, acenaphthene ring, coronene ring, fluorene ring, fluoranthrene ring, naphthacene ring, pentacene ring, perylene ring, pentaphen ring, picene ring , Pyrene ring, pyranthrene ring, anthraanthrene ring and the like.
- These rings may further have a substituent represented by Y1 in the general formula (1) described later.
- the aromatic heterocycle formed by A1 together with P—C includes furan ring, thiophene ring, oxazole ring, pyrrole ring, pyridine ring, pyridazine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, triazine ring, benzo Imidazole ring, oxadiazole ring, triazole ring, imidazole ring, pyrazole ring, thiazole ring, indole ring, benzimidazole ring, benzothiazole ring, benzoxazole ring, quinoxaline ring, quinazoline ring, phthalazine ring, carbazole ring, carboline ring, And azacarbazole ring.
- the azacarbazole ring means one in which at least one carbon atom of the benzene ring constituting the carbazole ring is replaced with a nitrogen atom.
- These rings may further have a substituent represented by Y1 in the general formula (1).
- examples of the bidentate ligand represented by P1-L1-P2 include phenylpyridine, phenylpyrazole, phenylimidazole, phenyltriazole, phenyltetrazole, pyrazabole, acetylacetone, and picolinic acid. .
- J1 represents an integer of 1 to 3
- j2 represents an integer of 0 to 2
- j1 + j2 represents 2 or 3
- j2 is preferably 0.
- transition metal elements of groups 8 to 10 in the periodic table of elements represented by M1 (also simply referred to as transition metals) in the periodic table of elements represented by M1 in the general formula (4) Synonymous with group 8-10 transition metal elements.
- the phosphorescent compound (also referred to as a phosphorescent metal complex or the like) is described in, for example, Organic Letter, vol. 16, 2579-2581 (2001), Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 30, No. 8, pp. 1685-1687 (1991), J. Am. Am. Chem. Soc. , 123, 4304 (2001), Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 40, No. 7, 1704-1711 (2001), Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 41, No. 12, 3055-3066 (2002) , New Journal of Chemistry. 26, 1171 (2002), European Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol. 4, pages 695-709 (2004), and further synthesized by applying methods such as references described in these documents. it can.
- the non-light emitting intermediate layer is a layer provided between the light emitting layers.
- the film thickness of the non-light emitting intermediate layer is preferably in the range of 1 to 20 nm, and more preferably in the range of 3 to 10 nm to suppress interaction such as energy transfer between adjacent light emitting layers, and This is preferable because a large load is not applied to the voltage characteristics.
- the material used for the non-light emitting intermediate layer may be the same as or different from the host compound of the light emitting layer, but may be the same as the host material of at least one of the adjacent light emitting layers. preferable.
- the non-light-emitting intermediate layer may contain a non-light-emitting layer, a compound common to each light-emitting layer (for example, a host compound), and each common host material (where a common host material is used) Including the case where the physicochemical characteristics such as phosphorescence emission energy and glass transition point are the same, and the case where the molecular structure of the host compound is the same, etc.)
- a compound common to each light-emitting layer for example, a host compound
- each common host material where a common host material is used
- Carrier mobility is used as a physical property representing carrier transport ability, but the carrier mobility of an organic material generally depends on the electric field strength. Since a material having a high electric field strength dependency easily breaks the balance between injection and transport of holes and electrons, it is preferable to use a material having a low electric field strength dependency of mobility for the intermediate layer material and the host material.
- the non-light emitting intermediate layer functions as a blocking layer described later, that is, a hole blocking layer and an electron blocking layer. Can be mentioned.
- injection layer electron injection layer, hole injection layer
- the injection layer is provided as necessary, and there are an electron injection layer and a hole injection layer, and as described above, it exists between the anode and the light emitting layer or the hole transport layer, and between the cathode and the light emitting layer or the electron transport layer. May be.
- An injection layer is a layer provided between an electrode and an organic layer in order to reduce drive voltage and improve light emission luminance.
- Organic EL element and its forefront of industrialization issued by NTT Corporation on November 30, 1998) ) ”, Chapter 2, Chapter 2,“ Electrode Materials ”(pages 123 to 166), which has a hole injection layer and an electron injection layer.
- JP-A Nos. 9-45479, 9-260062, and 8-288069 The details of the hole injection layer are described in JP-A Nos. 9-45479, 9-260062, and 8-288069. Specific examples thereof include a phthalocyanine layer represented by copper phthalocyanine. And an oxide layer typified by vanadium oxide, an amorphous carbon layer, and a polymer layer using a conductive polymer such as polyaniline (emeraldine) or polythiophene.
- the details of the electron injection layer are also described in JP-A-6-325871, JP-A-9-17574, JP-A-10-74586, and the like, and specifically, metals represented by strontium, aluminum and the like.
- metals represented by strontium, aluminum and the like examples thereof include an alkali metal halide layer typified by potassium fluoride, an alkaline earth metal compound layer typified by magnesium fluoride, and an oxide layer typified by molybdenum oxide.
- the electron injection layer according to the present invention preferably has a laminated structure of a metal layer and an alkali metal halide layer or a laminated structure of an oxide layer, a metal layer and an alkali metal halide layer, and the metal oxide may be doped with an alkali metal. good.
- the amount of the alkali metal doped into the metal oxide is preferably in the range of 1 to 10% by mass.
- the electron injection layer is preferably a very thin film, and the film thickness is preferably in the range of 1 nm to 10 ⁇ m although it depends on the material.
- the blocking layer is provided as necessary in addition to the basic constituent layer of the organic compound thin film as described above. For example, it is described in JP-A Nos. 11-204258 and 11-204359, and “Organic EL elements and the forefront of industrialization (published by NTT Corporation on November 30, 1998)” on page 237. There is a hole blocking (hole blocking) layer.
- the hole blocking layer has a function of an electron transport layer and is composed of a hole blocking material having a function of transporting electrons and having a remarkably small ability to transport holes, while transporting electrons. By blocking holes, the recombination probability of electrons and holes can be improved. Moreover, the structure of the electron carrying layer mentioned later can be used as a hole-blocking layer concerning this invention as needed.
- the hole blocking layer is preferably provided adjacent to the light emitting layer.
- the electron blocking layer in a broad sense, has a function of a hole transport layer, and is made of a material having a function of transporting holes while having a remarkably small ability to transport electrons, while transporting holes. By blocking electrons, the probability of recombination of electrons and holes can be improved. Moreover, the structure of the positive hole transport layer mentioned later can be used as an electron blocking layer as needed.
- the film thickness of the hole blocking layer according to the present invention is preferably in the range of 3 to 100 nm, more preferably in the range of 5 to 30 nm.
- the hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes, and in a broad sense, a hole injection layer and an electron blocking layer are also included in the hole transport layer.
- the hole transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the hole transport material has any of hole injection or transport and electron barrier properties, and may be either organic or inorganic.
- triazole derivatives oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, oxazole derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives
- Examples thereof include stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aniline copolymers, and conductive polymer oligomers, particularly thiophene oligomers.
- the above-mentioned materials can be used as the hole transport material, but it is preferable to use a porphyrin compound, an aromatic tertiary amine compound and a styrylamine compound, particularly an aromatic tertiary amine compound.
- aromatic tertiary amine compounds and styrylamine compounds include N, N, N ′, N′-tetraphenyl-4,4′-diaminophenyl; N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′— Bis (3-methylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl] -4,4′-diamine (TPD); 2,2-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) propane; 1,1-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) cyclohexane; N, N, N ′, N′-tetra-p-tolyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl; 1,1-bis (4-di-p-tolyl) Aminophenyl) -4-phenylcyclohexane; bis (4-dimethylamino-2-methylphenyl) phenylmethane; bis (4-di-p-tolylaminoph
- No. 5,061,569 Having a condensed aromatic ring of, for example, 4,4'-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (NPD), JP-A-4-308 4,4 ′, 4 ′′ -tris [N- (3-methylphenyl) -N-phenylamino] triphenylamine in which three triphenylamine units described in Japanese Patent No. 88 are linked in a starburst type ( MTDATA) and the like.
- NPD 4,4'-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl
- JP-A-4-308 4,4 ′, 4 ′′ -tris [N- (3-methylphenyl) -N-phenylamino] triphenylamine in which three triphenylamine units described in Japanese Patent No. 88 are linked in a starburst type ( MTDATA) and the
- a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain or these materials are used as a polymer main chain can also be used.
- inorganic compounds such as p-type-Si and p-type-SiC can also be used as the hole injection material and the hole transport material.
- JP-A-11-251067, J. Org. Huang et. al. A so-called p-type hole transport material as described in a book (Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), p. 139) can also be used. In the present invention, it is preferable to use these materials because a light-emitting element with higher efficiency can be obtained.
- the hole transport layer is formed by thinning the hole transport material by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a printing method including an ink jet method, or an LB method. Can do.
- the film thickness of the hole transport layer is not particularly limited, but is usually in the range of 5 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably in the range of 5 to 200 nm.
- This hole transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.
- a hole transport layer having a high p property doped with impurities examples thereof include JP-A-4-297076, JP-A-2000-196140, 2001-102175, J.A. Appl. Phys. 95, 5773 (2004), and the like.
- the electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and in a broad sense, an electron injection layer and a hole blocking layer are also included in the electron transport layer.
- the electron transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- an electron transport material also serving as a hole blocking material used for an electron transport layer adjacent to the light emitting layer on the cathode side is injected from the cathode. It has a function of transmitting electrons to the light emitting layer.
- the electron transport layer according to the present invention preferably contains a compound represented by the following general formula (1).
- examples of the substituent represented by Y1 include an alkyl group (for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, octyl group, Dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group, pentadecyl group etc.), cycloalkyl group (eg cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group etc.), alkenyl group (eg vinyl group, allyl group etc.), alkynyl group (eg ethynyl group, propargyl etc.) Group), aromatic hydrocarbon group (also called aromatic carbocyclic group, aryl group, etc.), for example, phenyl group, p-chlorophenyl group, mesityl group, tolyl group, xylyl group, naphthyl group, an alkyl group (
- substituents may be further substituted with the above substituents.
- a plurality of these substituents may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- n1-valent linking group represented by Y1 in the general formula (1) examples include a divalent linking group, a trivalent linking group, and a tetravalent linking group.
- an alkylene group for example, ethylene group, trimethylene group, tetramethylene group, propylene group, ethylethylene group, pentamethylene group, hexamethylene group, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene group, heptamethylene group, octamethylene group, nonamethylene group, decamethylene group, undecamethylene group, dodecamethylene group, cyclohexylene group (for example, 1,6-cyclohexanediyl group, etc.), Cyclopentylene group (for example, 1,5-cyclopentanediyl group and the like), alkenylene group (for example, vinylene group, propenylene group, butenylene group, pentenylene group, 1-methylvinylene group, 1-methylpropenylene group, 2-methylpropenylene group, 1-methylpentenylene group, 3-methyl Pentenylene group, 1-ethylvinylene group, 1-
- acridine ring benzoquinoline ring, carbazole ring, phenazine ring, phenanthridine ring, phenanthroline ring, carboline ring, cyclazine ring, kindrin ring, tepenidine ring, quinindrin ring, triphenodithia Gin ring, triphenodioxazine ring, phenanthrazine ring, anthrazine ring, perimidine ring, diazacarbazole ring (representing any one of carbon atoms constituting carboline ring replaced by nitrogen atom), phenanthroline ring, dibenzofuran Ring, dibenzothiophene ring, naphthofuran ring, naphthothiophene ring Benzodifuran ring, benzodithiophene ring, naphthodifuran ring, naphthodithiophene ring, anthrafur
- examples of the trivalent linking group represented by Y1 include ethanetriyl group, propanetriyl group, butanetriyl group, pentanetriyl group, hexanetriyl group, heptanetriyl group, and octanetriyl.
- the tetravalent linking group represented by Y1 is a group in which one trivalent group is further added to the above trivalent group.
- each of the divalent linking group, the trivalent linking group, and the tetravalent linking group may further have a substituent represented by Y1 in the general formula (1).
- Y1 preferably represents a group derived from a condensed aromatic heterocyclic ring formed by condensation of three or more rings, and the three or more rings.
- a condensed aromatic heterocyclic ring formed by condensing a dibenzofuran ring or a dibenzothiophene ring is preferable.
- n1 is preferably 2 or more.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) has at least two condensed aromatic heterocycles obtained by condensing the above three or more rings in the molecule.
- Y1 represents an n1-valent linking group
- Y1 is preferably non-conjugated in order to keep the triplet excitation energy of the compound represented by the general formula (1) high, and further, Tg (glass transition In view of improving the point, also referred to as glass transition temperature, it is preferably composed of an aromatic ring (aromatic hydrocarbon ring + aromatic heterocycle).
- non-conjugated means that the linking group cannot be expressed by repeating a single bond (also referred to as a single bond) and a double bond, or the conjugate of aromatic rings constituting the linking group is sterically cleaved. Means.
- Ar1 represents a group represented by the general formula (A).
- the divalent linking group represented by Y2 has the same meaning as the divalent linking group represented by Y1 in the general formula (1).
- a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic ring used for forming a group derived from a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic ring represented by Y3 and Y4, respectively, includes a benzene ring, oxazole Examples include a ring, a thiophene ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring, a pyridine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyrazine ring, a diazine ring, a triazine ring, an imidazole ring, an isoxazole ring, a pyrazole ring, and a triazole ring.
- At least one of the groups derived from a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic ring represented by Y3 and Y4 respectively represents a group derived from an aromatic heterocycle containing a nitrogen atom as a ring-constituting atom
- an aromatic heterocycle containing a nitrogen atom as the ring constituent atom an oxazole ring, a pyrrole ring, a pyridine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyrazine ring, a diazine ring, a triazine ring, an imidazole ring, an isoxazole ring, a pyrazole ring, Examples include a triazole ring.
- the group represented by Y3 is preferably a group derived from the above 6-membered aromatic ring, and more preferably a group derived from a benzene ring.
- the group represented by Y4 is preferably a group derived from the 6-membered aromatic ring, more preferably an aromatic heterocycle containing a nitrogen atom as a ring constituent atom. Particularly preferably, Y4 is a group derived from a pyridine ring.
- X represents N (R), O, S or Si (R) (R ′)
- E1 to E8 represent C (R1) or N
- R, R ′ and R1 are hydrogen atoms, substituents Or the connection site
- Y2 represents a simple bond or a divalent linking group.
- E11 to E20 each represent C (R2) or N, and at least one represents N.
- R2 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituent or a linking site.
- at least one of E11 and E12 represents C (R2), and R2 represents a linking site.
- n2 represents an integer of 1 to 4. * Represents a linking site with Y1 in the general formula (1).
- X represents N (R), O, S or Si (R) (R ′)
- E1 to E8 represent C (R1) or N
- R, R ′ and R1 are hydrogen atoms, substituents Or the connection site
- Y2 represents a simple bond or a divalent linking group.
- E21 to E25 represent C (R2) or N
- E26 to E30 represent C (R2), N, O, S or Si (R3) (R4), and at least one of E21 to E30 represents N.
- R2 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituent or a linking site
- R3 and R4 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- E21 or E22 represents C (R2), and R2 represents a linking site.
- n2 represents an integer of 1 to 4. * Represents a linking site with Y1 in the general formula (1).
- a broken line represents a single bond or a double bond.
- X represents N (R), O, S or Si (R) (R ′)
- E 1 to E 8 represent C (R1) or N
- R, R ′ and R1 represent a hydrogen atom
- Y 2 represents a simple bond or a divalent linking group.
- E 31 to E 35 represent C (R2), N, O, S or Si (R3) (R4)
- E 36 to E 40 represent C (R2) or N, and at least one of E 31 to E 40 Represents N.
- R2 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituent or a linking site
- R3 and R4 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- E 32 or E 33 is represented by —C (R2) ⁇ , and R2 represents a linking site.
- n2 represents an integer of 1 to 4.
- * Represents a linking site with Y1 in the general formula (1).
- a broken line represents a single bond or a double bond.
- X represents N (R), O, S or Si (R) (R ′)
- E 1 to E 8 represent C (R1) or N
- R, R ′ and R1 represent a hydrogen atom
- Y2 represents a simple bond or a divalent linking group.
- E 41 to E 50 each represent C (R2), N, O, S, or Si (R3) (R4), and at least one represents N.
- R2 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituent or a linking site
- R3 and R4 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- E 42 or E 43 is represented by C (R2)
- R2 represents a linking site.
- n2 represents an integer of 1 to 4. * Represents a linking site with Y1 in the general formula (1).
- a broken line represents a single bond or a double bond.
- N (R) or Si (R) (R ′) represented by X of any of the groups represented by the general formulas (A-1) to (A-4) is further represented by E1 to E8.
- C (R1) the substituents represented by R, R ′ and R1 have the same meaning as the substituent represented by Y1 in the general formula (1).
- the divalent linking group represented by Y2 is a divalent group represented by Y1 in the general formula (1). It is synonymous with the linking group.
- each of the substituents represented by R2 of C (R2) is synonymous with the substituent represented by Y1 in the general formula (1).
- the electron transport layer according to the present invention preferably contains a compound represented by the following general formula (2).
- the arylene group and heteroarylene group represented by Y5 are the arylene group and heteroarylene group described as an example of the divalent linking group represented by Y1 in general formula (1). Are synonymous with each other.
- the divalent linking group consisting of an arylene group, a heteroarylene group or a combination thereof represented by Y5
- a condensed aromatic heterocycle formed by condensation of three or more rings is preferably included, and a group derived from a dibenzofuran ring or a dibenzothiophene ring is preferable.
- Y6 to Y9 are each an aromatic hydrocarbon ring used for forming a group derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, such as a benzene ring, a biphenyl ring, a naphthalene ring, an azulene ring, an anthracene ring Phenanthrene ring, pyrene ring, chrysene ring, naphthacene ring, triphenylene ring, o-terphenyl ring, m-terphenyl ring, p-terphenyl ring, acenaphthene ring, coronene ring, fluorene ring, fluoranthrene ring, naphthacene ring , Pentacene ring, perylene ring, pentaphen ring, picene ring, pyrene ring, pyranthrene ring, anthraanthrene ring, and the like.
- aromatic hydrocarbon ring may have a substituent represented by Y1 in the general formula (1).
- Y6 to Y9 are each an aromatic heterocycle used for forming a group derived from an aromatic heterocycle, such as a furan ring, a thiophene ring, an oxazole ring, a pyrrole ring, or a pyridine ring.
- aromatic hydrocarbon ring may have a substituent represented by Y1 in the general formula (1).
- an aromatic heterocycle containing an N atom used for forming a group derived from an aromatic heterocycle containing an N atom represented by at least one of Y6 or Y7 and at least one of Y8 or Y9.
- the ring include, for example, oxazole ring, pyrrole ring, pyridine ring, pyridazine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, triazine ring, benzimidazole ring, oxadiazole ring, triazole ring, imidazole ring, pyrazole ring, thiazole ring, Indole ring, indazole ring, benzimidazole ring, benzothiazole ring, benzoxazole ring, quinoxaline ring, quinazoline ring, cinnoline ring, quinoline ring, isoquinoline ring, phthalazine ring, naphthyr
- the groups represented by Y7 and Y9 each preferably represent a group derived from a pyridine ring.
- the groups represented by Y6 and Y8 each preferably represent a group derived from a benzene ring.
- the electron transport layer according to the present invention more preferably contains a compound represented by the following general formula (3).
- the arylene group and heteroarylene group represented by Y5 are the arylene group and heteroarylene group described as an example of the divalent linking group represented by Y1 in general formula (1). Are synonymous with each other.
- the divalent linking group consisting of an arylene group, a heteroarylene group or a combination thereof represented by Y5
- a condensed aromatic heterocycle formed by condensation of three or more rings is preferably included, and a group derived from a dibenzofuran ring or a dibenzothiophene ring is preferable.
- E51 to E58 and 6 or more of E59 to E66 are each represented by C (R3).
- any one of E75 to E79 and any one of E84 to E88 represent N.
- E71 to E74 and E80 to E83 are each represented by C (R3).
- E53 is represented by C (R3) and R3 represents a linking site
- E61 is also represented by C (R3). It is preferable that R3 represents a linking site.
- E75 and E84 are preferably represented by N, and E71 to E74 and E80 to E83 are each preferably represented by C (R3).
- Step 2 (Synthesis of Intermediate 2) Intermediate 1 (0.5 mol) was dissolved in 100 ml of DMF at room temperature under air, NBS (2.0 mol) was added, and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The resulting precipitate was filtered and washed with methanol, yielding intermediate 2 in 92% yield.
- Step 3 (Synthesis of Compound 5) Under nitrogen atmosphere, intermediate 2 (0.25 mol), 2-phenylpyridine (1.0 mol), ruthenium complex [( ⁇ 6-C 6 H 6 ) RuCl 2 ] 2 (0.05 mol), triphenylphosphine (0.2 mol) and potassium carbonate (12 mol) were mixed in 3 l of NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) and stirred at 140 ° C. overnight.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- any material that can be used for the electron transport layer can be selected from conventionally known compounds, such as a nitro-substituted fluorene derivative. , Diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyran dioxide derivatives, carbodiimides, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, and the like.
- a thiadiazole derivative in which the oxygen atom of the oxadiazole ring is substituted with a sulfur atom, and a quinoxaline derivative having a quinoxaline ring known as an electron withdrawing group can also be used as an electron transport material.
- a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain or these materials are used as a polymer main chain can also be used.
- metal complexes of 8-quinolinol derivatives such as tris (8-quinolinol) aluminum (Alq 3 ), tris (5,7-dichloro-8-quinolinol) aluminum, tris (5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinol) Aluminum, tris (2-methyl-8-quinolinol) aluminum, tris (5-methyl-8-quinolinol) aluminum, bis (8-quinolinol) zinc (Znq), etc.
- Mg Metal complexes replaced with Cu, Ca, Sn, Ga, or Pb can also be used as electron transport materials.
- metal-free or metal phthalocyanine or those having terminal ends substituted with an alkyl group or a sulfonic acid group can be preferably used as the electron transport material.
- the distyrylpyrazine derivatives exemplified as the material of the light emitting layer can also be used as the electron transport material, and inorganic semiconductors such as n-type-Si and n-type-SiC can be used as well as the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer. It can be used as an electron transport material.
- the electron transport layer can be formed by thinning the electron transport material by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a printing method including an ink jet method, or an LB method. .
- the thickness of the electron transport layer is not particularly limited, but is usually in the range of 5 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably in the range of 5 to 200 nm.
- the electron transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.
- an electron transport layer having a high n property doped with impurities examples thereof include JP-A-4-297076, JP-A-10-270172, JP-A-2000-196140, 2001-102175, J.A. Appl. Phys. 95, 5773 (2004), and the like.
- an electron transport layer having such a high n property because an element with lower power consumption can be produced.
- Counter electrode anode or cathode
- the above-described material constituting the transparent conductivity may be used, or an electrode material made of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof may be used.
- Specific examples of such electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, rare earth metals and the like.
- the counter electrode can be produced by forming a thin film of these electrode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the sheet resistance as the counter electrode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and the film thickness is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 50 nm to 200 nm.
- the organic EL element of the present invention can be used as a display device, a display, and various light emission sources.
- light sources include home lighting, interior lighting, clock and liquid crystal backlights, billboard advertisements, traffic lights, light sources for optical storage media, light sources for electrophotographic copying machines, light sources for optical communication processors, and light sources for optical sensors. Although it is not limited to this, it can be effectively used for a backlight of a liquid crystal display device combined with a color filter and a light source for illumination.
- the organic EL elements 1-1 to 1-26 were fabricated so that the light emitting area was 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm.
- the substrate provided with the ITO layer is fixed to a substrate holder of a commercially available vacuum deposition apparatus, and the following ⁇ -NPD, DPVBi, BAlq, Alq 3 and potassium fluoride are placed in a tantalum resistance heating boat, respectively. Attached to the first vacuum chamber.
- the heating boat containing ⁇ -NPD was heated by being energized and deposited on the ITO layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 to 0.2 nm / second.
- a hole injection / hole transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm was provided.
- the heating boat containing DPVBi was energized and heated to provide a light emitting layer having a film thickness of 30 nm at a deposition rate of 0.1 to 0.2 nm / second.
- the heating boat containing BAlq was energized and heated to provide a 10 nm thick hole blocking layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 to 0.2 nm / sec. Further, the heating boat containing Alq 3 was heated by energization to provide an electron transport layer having a film thickness of 20 nm at a deposition rate of 0.1 to 0.2 nm / second.
- the heating boat containing potassium fluoride was energized and heated to provide a potassium fluoride layer having a thickness of 1 nm at a deposition rate of 0.01 to 0.02 nm / sec. Further, the element formed up to the potassium fluoride layer was transferred to the second vacuum chamber in a vacuum, the second vacuum chamber was depressurized to 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa, and then the heating boat containing aluminum was energized, An aluminum layer having a film thickness of 5 nm was formed at a deposition rate of 0.1 to 0.2 nm / second, and an electron injection layer was provided.
- the element formed up to the electron injection layer was transferred to a commercially available parallel plate sputtering apparatus equipped with an ITO target in advance, and the pressure in the chamber of the sputtering apparatus was reduced to 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa, and then nitrogen gas and oxygen gas were added. While flowing, discharge was performed at a DC output of 500 W, and a transparent conductive layer (cathode) of an ITO conductive layer having a film thickness of 10 nm / second and a film thickness of 100 nm was formed.
- a cathode was formed in the same manner as in the organic EL element 1-1.
- a double-sided emission type EL device 1-3 was obtained in the same manner as the organic EL device 1-2 except that the thickness of the transparent protective layer was changed from 20 nm to 70 nm.
- a double-sided emission type organic EL element 1-4 was obtained in the same manner as the organic EL element 1-2 except that the material of the transparent protective layer was changed from calcium oxide to lanthanum oxide.
- the transparent protective layer was analyzed by ESCA, and it was confirmed that the lanthanum oxide constituting the transparent protective layer was in an oxygen-deficient state.
- a double-sided emission type organic EL device 1-5 was obtained in the same manner as the organic EL device 1-4 except that the film thickness of the transparent protective layer was changed from 20 nm to 70 nm.
- the substrate provided with the ITO layer is fixed to a substrate holder of a commercially available vacuum deposition apparatus, and the ⁇ -NPD, H4, Ir-4, BAlq, Alq 3 and vanadium oxide are placed in a tantalum resistance heating boat, respectively, and vacuum deposition is performed. Attached to the first vacuum chamber of the apparatus.
- the heating boat containing ⁇ -NPD was heated by being energized and deposited on the ITO layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 to 0.2 nm / second.
- a hole injection / hole transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm was provided.
- the heating boat containing H4 and the boat containing Ir-4 are energized independently to adjust the deposition rate of H4 as a light emitting host and Ir-4 as a light emitting dopant to 100: 6. Then, a light emitting layer having a thickness of 30 nm was provided.
- the heating boat containing BAlq was energized and heated to provide a 10 nm thick hole blocking layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 to 0.2 nm / sec. Further, the heating boat containing Alq 3 was heated by energization to provide an electron transport layer having a film thickness of 20 nm at a deposition rate of 0.1 to 0.2 nm / second.
- the heating boat containing potassium fluoride was energized and heated to provide a potassium fluoride layer having a thickness of 1 nm at a deposition rate of 0.01 to 0.02 nm / sec. Further, the element formed up to the potassium fluoride layer was transferred to the second vacuum chamber in a vacuum, the second vacuum chamber was depressurized to 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa, and then the heating boat containing aluminum was energized, An aluminum layer having a film thickness of 5 nm was formed at a deposition rate of 0.1 to 0.1 to 0.2 nm / second, and an electron injection layer was provided.
- the vanadium oxide which comprises the transparent protective layer was in an oxygen defect state (non-stoichiometric composition).
- the element formed up to the transparent protective layer was transferred to a commercially available parallel plate sputtering apparatus equipped with an ITO target in advance, and after reducing the pressure in the sputtering apparatus chamber to 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa, nitrogen gas and oxygen gas were added. While flowing, discharge was performed at a DC output of 500 W, and a transparent conductive layer (cathode) of an ITO conductive layer having a film thickness of 10 nm / second and a film thickness of 100 nm was formed.
- a cathode was formed in the same manner as in the organic EL element 1-6.
- Organic EL elements 1-8 to 1-12 were produced in the same manner as the organic EL element 1-7, except that the thickness of the transparent protective layer was changed to the values shown in Table 1.
- Organic EL devices 1-13 to 1-15 were produced in the same manner as the organic EL device 1-9, except that the compounds in the electron transport layer were changed to the compounds shown in Table 1.
- Organic EL devices 1-16 to 1-18 were produced in the same manner as the organic EL device 1-15 except that the phosphorescent compound was changed to the compounds shown in Table 1.
- Organic EL elements 1-19 to 1-20 were produced in the same manner as the organic EL element 1-18, except that the material of the transparent protective layer was changed to the material shown in Table 1. Note that molybdenum oxide shown in Table 1 is hexavalent, rhenium oxide is hexavalent, and nickel oxide is divalent.
- auxiliary electrode On the cathode, an auxiliary electrode made of a line-shaped silver pattern was produced at a spacing of a line width of 50 ⁇ m, a thickness of 1 ⁇ m, and a pitch of 1,000 ⁇ m by a sputtering method using a shadow mask.
- Organic EL elements 1-22 to 1-23 were produced in the same manner as the organic EL element 1-21, except that the material of the transparent protective layer was changed to the material shown in Table 1.
- auxiliary electrode An area where the transparent protective layer is not patterned on the cathode on the auxiliary electrode made of a line-shaped silver pattern as shown in FIG. 2 at intervals of a line width of 50 ⁇ m, a thickness of 1 ⁇ m, and a pitch of 1,000 ⁇ m using a shadow mask. Made above.
- Organic EL elements 1-25 to 1-26 were produced in the same manner as the organic EL element 1-24, except that the material of the transparent protective layer was changed to the material shown in Table 1.
- any transparent protective layer of Samples 1-8 to 1-26 was in an oxygen deficient state as confirmed by ESCA.
- Table 1 shows the results obtained as described above.
- External extraction quantum efficiency (%) number of photons emitted to the outside of the organic EL element / number of electrons sent to the organic EL element ⁇ 100
- a spectral radiance meter CS-1000 manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing
- the external extraction quantum efficiencies of the organic EL elements 1-1 to 1-26 were expressed as relative values with the measured value of the organic EL element 1-1 (comparative example) being 1.0.
- the relative value of the external extraction quantum efficiency is shown in Table 1.
- the substrate provided with the aluminum layer is fixed to a substrate holder of a commercially available vacuum deposition apparatus, and potassium fluoride, Alq 3 , BAlq, DPVBi, and ⁇ -NPD are placed in a tantalum resistance heating boat, respectively. Attached to a vacuum chamber.
- the first vacuum chamber is depressurized to 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa, and then heated by energizing a heating boat containing potassium fluoride to form a film on the aluminum layer at a deposition rate of 0.01 to 0.02 nm / sec.
- An electron injection layer having a thickness of 1 nm was provided.
- the heating boat containing Alq 3 was energized and heated to provide an electron transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm at a deposition rate of 0.1 to 0.2 nm / second.
- the heating boat containing DPVBi was energized and heated to provide a light emitting layer having a film thickness of 30 nm at a deposition rate of 0.1 to 0.2 nm / second.
- the heating boat containing BAlq was energized and heated to provide an electron blocking layer having a thickness of 10 nm at a deposition rate of 0.1 to 0.2 nm / second.
- the heating boat containing ⁇ -NPD was energized and heated to provide a hole injection / hole transport layer having a film thickness of 20 nm at a deposition rate of 0.1 to 0.2 nm / second.
- a cathode was formed in the same manner as in the organic EL element 2-1.
- a top emission type organic EL device 2-3 was obtained in the same manner as the organic EL device 2-2 except that the thickness of the transparent protective layer was changed from 20 nm to 70 nm.
- a top emission type organic EL element 2-4 was obtained in the same manner as the organic EL element 2-2 except that the material of the transparent protective layer was changed from calcium oxide to lanthanum oxide.
- a top emission type organic EL element 2-5 was obtained in the same manner as the organic EL element 2-4 except that the thickness of the transparent protective layer was changed from 20 nm to 70 nm.
- the substrate provided with the aluminum layer is fixed to a substrate holder of a commercially available vacuum deposition apparatus, and potassium fluoride, Alq 3 , BAlq, H4, Ir-4, ⁇ -NPD are placed in a tantalum resistance heating boat, respectively, and vacuum deposition is performed. Attached to the first vacuum chamber of the apparatus.
- the heating boat containing potassium fluoride was energized and heated, and deposited on the aluminum layer at a deposition rate of 0.01 to 0.02 nm / sec.
- An electron injection layer having a thickness of 1 nm was provided.
- the heating boat containing Alq 3 was energized and heated to provide an electron transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm at a deposition rate of 0.1 to 0.2 nm / second.
- the heating boat containing H4 and the boat containing Ir-4 are energized independently to adjust the deposition rate of H4 as a light emitting host and Ir-4 as a light emitting dopant to 100: 6. Then, a light emitting layer having a thickness of 30 nm was provided.
- the heating boat containing BAlq was energized and heated to provide a 10 nm thick hole blocking layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 to 0.2 nm / second. Further, the heating boat containing ⁇ -NPD was energized and heated to provide a hole injection / hole transport layer having a film thickness of 20 nm at a deposition rate of 0.1 to 0.2 nm / second.
- the element formed up to the transparent protective layer is transferred to a commercially available parallel plate sputtering apparatus equipped with an ITO target in advance, and the pressure in the chamber of the sputtering apparatus is reduced to 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa, and then nitrogen gas and oxygen gas are added. While flowing, it was discharged at a DC output of 500 W to form a transparent conductive layer (anode) of an ITO conductive layer having a film thickness of 10 nm / second and a film thickness of 100 nm.
- Organic EL elements 2-8 to 2-12 were produced in the same manner as the organic EL element 2-7, except that the thickness of the transparent protective layer was changed to the values shown in Table 2.
- Organic EL devices 2-13 to 2-15 were produced in the same manner as the organic EL device 2-9, except that the phosphorescent compound was changed to the compounds shown in Table 2.
- Organic EL elements 2-16 to 2-17 were produced in the same manner as the organic EL element 2-15, except that the material of the transparent protective layer was changed to the material shown in Table 2. Note that molybdenum oxide shown in Table 2 is hexavalent, rhenium oxide is hexavalent, and nickel oxide is divalent.
- an auxiliary electrode composed of a line-shaped silver pattern was produced by a sputtering method using a shadow mask at a line width of 50 ⁇ m, a thickness of 1 ⁇ m, and a pitch of 1,000 ⁇ m.
- Organic EL elements 2-19 to 2-20 were produced in the same manner as the organic EL element 2-15 except that the material of the transparent protective layer was changed to the material shown in Table 2.
- the device is remotely controlled from the outside so that a stainless steel mask is disposed on the electron injection layer. Installed with control.
- the mask used at this time has a line-shaped hole with a width of 50 ⁇ m at intervals of 1,000 ⁇ m.
- the heating boat containing molybdenum oxide (hexavalent) was energized and heated, and the above was performed at a deposition rate of 0.1 to 0.2 nm / second.
- a transparent protective layer was formed over the mask and patterned as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows a top view and a cross-sectional view seen from the side.
- auxiliary electrode An area where the transparent protective layer is not patterned on the cathode, with an auxiliary electrode made of a linear silver pattern as shown in FIG. 3 at intervals of 50 ⁇ m in line width, 1 ⁇ m in thickness and 1,000 ⁇ m in pitch using a shadow mask. Made above.
- Organic EL elements 2-22 to 2-23 were produced in the same manner as the organic EL element 2-21 except that the material of the transparent protective layer was changed to the material shown in Table 2.
- any transparent protective layer of Samples 2-8 to 2-23 was in an oxygen deficient state as confirmed by ESCA.
- External extraction quantum efficiency (%) number of photons emitted to the outside of the organic EL element / number of electrons sent to the organic EL element ⁇ 100
- a spectral radiance meter CS-1000 manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing
- the external extraction quantum efficiencies of the organic EL elements 2-1 to 2-23 were expressed as relative values with the measured value of the organic EL element 2-1 (comparative example) being 1.0.
- Table 2 shows the relative values of the external extraction quantum efficiency.
- Table 2 shows the results obtained as described above.
- the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention emits light at a low voltage and can be used for a display device and a lighting device such as a television or a personal computer having a bright screen.
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Abstract
Description
〔式中、n1は1以上の整数を表し、Y1はn1が1の場合は置換基を表し、n1が2以上の場合は単なる結合手又はn1価の連結基を表す。Ar1は下記一般式(A)で表される基を表し、n1が2以上の場合、複数のAr1は同一でも異なっていてもよい。但し、前記一般式(1)で表される化合物は分子内に3環以上の環が縮合してなる縮合芳香族複素環を少なくとも2つ有する。〕
6.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(2)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする前記5に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
7.前記一般式(2)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(3)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする前記6に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
8.前記リン光発光性化合物が下記一般式(4)で表されることを特徴とする前記1~7のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
9.前記一般式(4)で表される化合物が下記一般式(5)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする前記8に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
10.前記M1がイリジウムを表すことを特徴とする前記8又は9に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
まず、面発光体の一例である本発明の有機EL素子の実施形態を詳細に説明するが、以下に記載する内容は、本発明の実施態様の代表例であり、本発明はその要旨を超えない限り、これらの内容に限定されない。
(ii)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/透明保護層/陰極
(iii)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/透明保護層/陰極
(iv)陽極/透明保護層/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
(v)陽極/透明保護層/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
本発明の有機EL素子は透明保護層の後に形成する電極が透明導電性層であることを特徴とし、対向する電極はアプリケーションによって透明、不透明のどちらも選択することができる。本発明の有機EL素子はトップエミッション型又は両面エミッション型の構成を取ることが好ましい。
本発明に係る透明保護層とは、実質的に透明であり、かつ透明保護層の後工程での発光層へのプロセスダメージを抑制する層であることを特徴とする。本発明でいう実質的に透明とは可視光透過率が50%以上のことを指す。
本発明の有機EL素子は、透明導電性層上に抵抗を下げる目的で補助電極を設けることができる。補助電極を形成する材料としては、金、白金、銀、銅、アルミ等の抵抗が低い金属が好ましい。補助電極の形成方法としては、蒸着法、スパッタリング法、印刷法、インクジェット法、エアロゾルジェット法などが挙げられる。本発明に係る補助電極の線幅は透明導電性層の開口率の観点から50μm以下であることが好ましく、補助電極の厚さは導電性の観点から、1μ以上であることが好ましい。本発明に係る補助電極は透明保護層がパターニングされている場合は、透明保護層のパターニングされていない領域上に形成することが好ましい。本発明でいう、透明保護層のパターニングされていない領域とは透明保護層がない領域上のことを指す。
本発明に係る有機EL素子における透明導電性層としては、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性光透過性材料が好ましく用いられる。また、IDIXO(In2O3-ZnO)等非晶質で光透過性の導電膜を作製可能な材料を用いてもよい。本発明に係る透明導電性層の形成方法としては生産性の観点から、スパッタリング法が好ましい。本発明に係る透明導電性層は必要に応じて、フォトリソグラフィー法で所望の形状のパターンを形成してもよく、あるいはパターン精度を余り必要としない場合は(100μm以上程度)、上記電極物質の蒸着やスパッタリング時に所望の形状のマスクを介してパターンを形成してもよい。本発明に係る透明導電性層のシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。更に膜厚は材料にもよるが、通常10~1000nm、好ましくは50~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
本発明に係る発光層は発光材料としてリン光発光性化合物が含有されていることを特徴とする。
有機EL素子の発光層に含有されるホスト化合物としては、室温(25℃)における燐光発光の燐光量子収率が0.1未満の化合物が好ましい。更に好ましくは燐光量子収率が0.01未満である。また、発光層に含有される化合物の中で、その層中での体積比が50%以上であることが好ましい。
次に、発光材料について説明する。
本発明の有機EL素子に係るリン光発光性化合物としては、上記一般式(4)で表される化合物が好ましい。
本発明に係る一般式(4)で表される化合物の中でも、一般式(5)で表される化合物が好ましい。
各発光層間に非発光性の中間層(非ドープ領域等ともいう)を設ける場合について説明する。
注入層は必要に応じて設け、電子注入層と正孔注入層があり、上記の如く陽極と発光層又は正孔輸送層の間、及び陰極と発光層又は電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。
阻止層は、上記の如く有機化合物薄膜の基本構成層のほかに必要に応じて設けられるものである。例えば、特開平11-204258号公報、同11-204359号公報、及び「有機EL素子とその工業化最前線(1998年11月30日エヌ・ティー・エス社発行)」の237頁等に記載されている正孔阻止(ホールブロック)層がある。
正孔輸送層とは、正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、広い意味で正孔注入層、電子阻止層も正孔輸送層に含まれる。正孔輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層とは、電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、広い意味で電子注入層、正孔阻止層も電子輸送層に含まれる。電子輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
本発明に係る一般式(1)で表される化合物について説明する。
一般式(1)において、Ar1は、前記一般式(A)で表される基を表す。
一般式(A)において、Y3で表される基としては、上記6員の芳香族環から導出される基であることが好ましく、更に好ましくは、ベンゼン環から導出される基である。
一般式(A)において、Y4で表される基としては、上記6員の芳香族環から導出される基であることが好ましく、更に好ましくは、窒素原子を環構成原子と含む芳香族複素環から導出される基であり、特に好ましくは、Y4がピリジン環から導出される基であることである。
一般式(A)で表される基の好ましい態様としては、下記一般式(A-1)、(A-2)、(A-3)又は(A-4)のいずれかで表される基が挙げられる。
本発明では、上記一般式(1)で表される化合物の中でも、上記一般式(2)で表される化合物が好ましい。以下、一般式(2)で表される化合物について説明する。
以下、一般式(2)で表される化合物について説明する。
窒素雰囲気下、3,6-ジブロモジベンゾフラン(1.0モル)、カルバゾール(2.0モル)、銅粉末(3.0モル)、炭酸カリウム(1.5モル)をDMAc(ジメチルアセトアミド)300ml中に混合し、130℃で24時間撹拌した。反応液を室温まで冷却後、トルエン1lを加え、蒸留水で3回洗浄し、有機層を減圧下に溶媒を留去し、残渣をシリカゲルフラッシュクロマトグラフィー(n-ヘプタン:トルエン=4:1~3:1)にて精製し、中間体1を収率85%で得た。
室温、大気下で中間体1(0.5モル)をDMF100mlに溶解し、NBS(2.0モル)を加え、一晩室温で撹拌した。得られた沈殿を濾過し、メタノールで洗浄し、中間体2を収率92%で得た。
窒素雰囲気下、中間体2(0.25モル)、2-フェニルピリジン(1.0モル)、ルテニウム錯体[(η6-C6H6)RuCl2]2(0.05モル)、トリフェニルホスフィン(0.2モル)、炭酸カリウム(12モル)をNMP(N-メチル-2-ピロリドン)3l中で混合し、140℃で一晩撹拌した。
対向電極としては、前述の透明導電性を構成する材料を用いても良いし、金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いることもできる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム-カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。対向電極はこれらの電極物質を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜を形成させることにより、作製することができる。また、対向電極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましく、膜厚は通常10nm~5μm、好ましくは50nm~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
本発明の有機EL素子は、表示デバイス、ディスプレイ、各種発光光源として用いることができる。発光光源として、例えば、家庭用照明、車内照明、時計や液晶用のバックライト、看板広告、信号機、光記憶媒体の光源、電子写真複写機の光源、光通信処理機の光源、光センサーの光源等が挙げられるがこれに限定するものではないが、特にカラーフィルターと組み合わせた液晶表示装置のバックライト、照明用光源としての用途に有効に用いることができる。
有機EL素子1-1~1-26は発光面積が5cm×5cmとなるように作製した。
(陽極の形成)
透明な基板1の上に厚さ100nmとなる条件でITOをスパッタ法で成膜、パターニングして、ITO層から成る陽極を形成した。次いで、ITO層を設けた基板を、イソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。
このITO層を設けた基板を市販の真空蒸着装置の基板ホルダーに固定し、タンタル製抵抗加熱ボートに下記のα-NPD、DPVBi、BAlq、Alq3及びフッ化カリウムをそれぞれ入れ、真空蒸着装置の第1真空槽に取り付けた。
次に、フッ化カリウムの入った前記加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度0.01~0.02nm/秒で膜厚1nmのフッ化カリウム層を設けた。更に、フッ化カリウム層まで成膜した素子を真空のまま第2真空槽に移し、第2真空槽を4×10-4Paまで減圧した後、アルミニウムの入った前記加熱ボートに通電して、蒸着速度0.1~0.2nm/秒で膜厚5nmのアルミニウム層を形成し、電子注入層を設けた。
次に、電子注入層まで成膜した素子をあらかじめITOターゲットを装着した市販の平行平板スパッタリング装置に移し、スパッタリング装置のチャンバー内を5×10-3Paまで減圧した後、窒素ガスと酸素ガスを流しながら、DC出力500Wで放電し、成膜速度10nm/秒で膜厚100nmのITO導電層の透明導電性層(陰極)を形成した。
最後に、上記で得られた素子をガラスケースで覆い、厚み300μmのガラス基板を封止用基板として用い、周囲にシール材としてエポキシ系光硬化型接着剤(東亞合成社製ラックストラックLC0629B)を適用し、これを前記透明支持基板と密着させ、ガラス基板側からUV光を照射して、硬化・封止して、両面エミッション型有機EL素子1-1を得た。
(陽極~電子注入層の形成)
陽極~電子注入層までは有機EL素子1-1と同様な方法で成膜した。
次に、電子注入層まで成膜した素子を真空のまま第1真空槽に戻し、第1真空槽を4×10-4Paまで減圧した後、真空蒸着装置に酸素ガスを導入せずに、酸化カルシウムCaOの入った加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度0.1~0.2nm/秒で膜厚20nmの透明保護層を設けた。なお、同様な方法で作製した素子を別途作製し、透明保護層をESCAで分析したところ、透明保護層を構成している酸化カルシウムは酸素欠陥状態(非化学量論組成)になっていた。
有機EL素子1-1と同様にして陰極を成膜した。
有機EL素子1-1と同様な方法で硬化・封止して、両面エミッション型有機EL素子1-2を得た。
透明保護層の膜厚を20nmから70nmに変更した以外は有機EL素子1-2と同様な方法で両面エミッション型有機EL素子1-3を得た。
透明保護層の材料を酸化カルシウムから酸化ランタンに変更した以外は有機EL素子1-2と同様な方法で両面エミッション型有機EL素子1-4を得た。
透明保護層の膜厚を20nmから70nmに変更した以外は有機EL素子1-4と同様な方法で両面エミッション型有機EL素子1-5を得た。
(陽極の形成)
有機EL素子1-1と同様な方法でITO層から成る陽極を形成した。
このITO層を設けた基板を市販の真空蒸着装置の基板ホルダーに固定し、タンタル製抵抗加熱ボートに前記α-NPD、H4、Ir-4、BAlq、Alq3及び酸化バナジウムをそれぞれ入れ、真空蒸着装置の第1真空槽に取り付けた。
次に、フッ化カリウムの入った前記加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度0.01~0.02nm/秒で膜厚1nmのフッ化カリウム層を設けた。更に、フッ化カリウム層まで成膜した素子を真空のまま第2真空槽に移し、第2真空槽を4×10-4Paまで減圧した後、アルミニウムの入った前記加熱ボートに通電して、蒸着速度0.1~0.1~0.2nm/秒で膜厚5nmのアルミニウム層を形成し、電子注入層を設けた。
次に、電子注入層まで成膜した素子を真空のまま第1真空槽に戻し、第1真空槽を4×10-4Paまで減圧した後、酸化バナジウムの入った前記加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度0.1~0.2nm/秒で蒸着して膜厚20nmの透明保護層を設けた。
次に、透明保護層まで成膜した素子をあらかじめITOターゲットを装着した市販の平行平板スパッタリング装置に移し、スパッタリング装置のチャンバー内を5×10-3Paまで減圧した後、窒素ガスと酸素ガスを流しながら、DC出力500Wで放電し、成膜速度10nm/秒で膜厚100nmのITO導電層の透明導電性層(陰極)を形成した。
有機EL素子1-1と同様な方法で硬化・封止して、両面エミッション型有機EL素子1-6を得た。
(陽極~電子注入層の形成)
陽極~電子注入層までは有機EL素子1-6と同様な方法で成膜した。
次に、電子注入層まで成膜した素子を真空のまま第1真空槽に戻し、第1真空槽を4×10-4Paまで減圧した後、酸化モリブデン(6価)の入った加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度0.1~0.2nm/秒で蒸着を行い膜厚20nmの透明保護層を設けた。
有機EL素子1-6と同様にして陰極を成膜した。
有機EL素子1-6と同様な方法で硬化・封止して、両面エミッション型有機EL素子1-7を得た。なお、同様な方法で作製した素子を別途作製し、透明保護層をESCAで分析し、透明保護層を構成している酸化モリブデン(6価)は酸素欠陥状態になっていることを確認した。
透明保護層の膜厚を表1に記載の値に変更した以外は有機EL素子1-7と同様な方法で、有機EL素子1-8~1-12を作製した。
電子輸送層の化合物を表1に記載の化合物に変更した以外は有機EL素子1-9と同様な方法で、有機EL素子1-13~1-15を作製した。
リン光発光性化合物を表1に記載の化合物に変更した以外は有機EL素子1-15と同様な方法で、有機EL素子1-16~1-18を作製した。
透明保護層の材料を表1に記載の材料に変更した以外は有機EL素子1-18と同様な方法で、有機EL素子1-19~1-20を作製した。なお、表1に記した酸化モリブデンは6価であり、酸化レニウムは6価であり、酸化ニッケルは2価である。
(陽極~陰極の形成)
陽極~陰極までは有機EL素子1-18と同様な方法で成膜した。
陰極上に、シャドーマスクを用いてスパッタ法で線幅50μm、厚み1μm、ピッチ1,000μmの間隔でライン状の銀パターンから成る補助電極を作製した。
有機EL素子1-18と同様な方法で硬化・封止して、両面エミッション型有機EL素子1-21を得た。
透明保護層の材料を表1に記載の材料に変更した以外は有機EL素子1-21と同様な方法で、有機EL素子1-22~1-23を作製した。
(陽極~電子注入層の形成)
陽極~電子注入層までは有機EL素子1-18と同様な方法で成膜した。
次に、電子注入層まで成膜した素子を真空のまま第1真空槽に戻した後、電子注入層の上にステンレス鋼製のマスクが配置されるように装置外部からリモートコントロールで設置した。このとき使用したマスクは1,000μm間隔で幅50μmのライン状の穴が空いている。次に、第2真空槽を4×10-4Paまで減圧した後、酸化モリブデン(6価)の入った加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度0.1~0.2nm/秒で上記マスク越しに成膜し、膜厚70nmの図2に模式図で示したようにパターニングされた透明保護層を設けた。上面図と側面から見た断面図で示した。
陰極上に、シャドーマスクを用いてスパッタ法で線幅50μm、厚み1μm、ピッチ1,000μmの間隔で図2のようなライン状の銀パターンから成る補助電極を透明保護層がパターニングされていない領域上に作製した。
有機EL素子1-18と同様な方法で硬化・封止して、両面エミッション型有機EL素子1-24を得た。
透明保護層の材料を表1に記載の材料に変更した以外は有機EL素子1-24と同様な方法で、有機EL素子1-25~1-26を作製した。
上記作製した各有機EL素子について、下記の方法に従って電圧の測定を行った。
上記で作製した各有機EL素子に対し、陽極側と陰極側の両側の正面輝度の和が1000cd/m2となるときの電圧を各素子の電圧とした。なお、輝度の測定には分光放射輝度計CS-1000(コニカミノルタセンシング製)を用いた。得られた電圧の数値が小さいほど、好ましい結果であることを表す。
作製した有機EL素子に対し、2.5mA/cm2で定電流を印加したときの外部取り出し量子効率(%)を測定した。外部取り出し量子効率は以下の式により算出される。
なお、測定には分光放射輝度計CS-1000(コニカミノルタセンシング製)を用いた。有機EL素子1-1~1-26の外部取り出し量子効率は、有機EL素子1-1(比較例)の測定値を1.0とした相対値で表した。外部取り出し量子効率の相対値を表1に記した。
有機EL素子2-1~2-23は発光面積が5cm×5cmとなるように作製した。
(陰極の形成)
透明な基板1の上に厚さ100nmとなる条件でアルミニウムをスパッタ法で成膜、パターニングして、アルミニウム層から成る陽極を形成した。次いで、アルミニウム層を設けた基板を、イソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。
このアルミニウム層を設けた基板を市販の真空蒸着装置の基板ホルダーに固定し、タンタル製抵抗加熱ボートにフッ化カリウム、Alq3、BAlq、DPVBi、α-NPDをそれぞれ入れ、真空蒸着装置の第1真空槽に取り付けた。
次に、正孔注入/正孔輸送層まで成膜した素子をあらかじめITOターゲットを装着した市販の平行平板スパッタリング装置に移し、スパッタリング装置のチャンバー内を5×10-3Paまで減圧した後、窒素ガスと酸素ガスを流しながら、DC出力500Wで放電し、成膜速度10nm/秒で膜厚100nmのITO導電層の透明導電性層(陽極)を形成した。
最後に、上記で得られた素子をガラスケースで覆い、厚み300μmのガラス基板を封止用基板として用い、周囲にシール材としてエポキシ系光硬化型接着剤(東亞合成社製ラックストラックLC0629B)を適用し、これを前記透明支持基板と密着させ、ガラス基板側からUV光を照射して、硬化・封止して、トップエミッション型有機EL素子2-1を得た。
(陰極~正孔注入/正孔輸送層の形成)
陰極~正孔注入/正孔輸送層までは有機EL素子2-1と同様な方法で成膜した。
次に、正孔注入/正孔輸送層まで成膜した素子を真空のまま第1真空槽に戻し、第1真空槽を4×10-4Paまで減圧した後、酸化カルシウムの入った加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、酸素ガスを導入せずに、蒸着速度0.1~0.2nm/秒で蒸着を行って膜厚20nmの透明保護層を設けた。
有機EL素子2-1と同様にして陰極を成膜した。
有機EL素子2-1と同様な方法で硬化・封止して、トップエミッション型有機EL素子2-2を得た。
透明保護層の膜厚を20nmから70nmに変更した以外は有機EL素子2-2と同様な方法でトップエミッション型有機EL素子2-3を得た。
透明保護層の材料を酸化カルシウムから酸化ランタンに変更した以外は有機EL素子2-2と同様な方法でトップエミッション型有機EL素子2-4を得た。
透明保護層の膜厚を20nmから70nmに変更した以外は有機EL素子2-4と同様な方法でトップエミッション型有機EL素子2-5を得た。
(陰極の形成)
有機EL素子2-1と同様な方法でアルミニウム層から成る陰極を形成した。
このアルミニウム層を設けた基板を市販の真空蒸着装置の基板ホルダーに固定し、タンタル製抵抗加熱ボートにフッ化カリウム、Alq3、BAlq、H4、Ir-4、α-NPDをそれぞれ入れ、真空蒸着装置の第1真空槽に取り付けた。
次に、正孔注入/正孔輸送層まで成膜した素子を真空のまま第1真空槽に戻し、第1真空槽を4×10-4Paまで減圧した後、酸化バナジウムの入った加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度0.1~0.2nm/秒で蒸着を行って膜厚20nmの透明保護層を設けた。
次に、透明保護層まで成膜した素子をあらかじめITOターゲットを装着した市販の平行平板スパッタリング装置に移し、スパッタリング装置のチャンバー内を5×10-3Paまで減圧した後、窒素ガスと酸素ガスを流しながら、DC出力500Wで放電し、成膜速度10nm/秒で膜厚100nmのITO導電層の透明導電性層(陽極)を形成した。
有機EL素子2-1と同様な方法で硬化・封止して、トップエミッション型有機EL素子2-6を得た。
(陰極~正孔注入/正孔輸送層の形成)
陰極~正孔注入/正孔輸送層までは有機EL素子2-6と同様な方法で成膜した。
次に、電子注入層まで成膜した素子を真空のまま第1真空槽に戻し、第1真空槽を4×10-4Paまで減圧した後、酸化モリブデン(6価)の入った加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度0.1~0.2nm/秒で膜厚20nmの透明保護層を設けた。
有機EL素子2-6と同様にして陽極を成膜した。
有機EL素子2-6と同様な方法で硬化・封止して、トップエミッション型有機EL素子2-7を得た。なお、同様な方法で作製した素子を別途作製し、透明保護層をESCAで分析し、透明保護層を構成している酸化モリブデン(6価)は酸素欠陥状態になっていることを確認した。
透明保護層の膜厚を表2に記載の値に変更した以外は有機EL素子2-7と同様な方法で、有機EL素子2-8~2-12を作製した。
リン光発光性化合物を表2に記載の化合物に変更した以外は有機EL素子2-9と同様な方法で、有機EL素子2-13~2-15を作製した。
透明保護層の材料を表2に記載の材料に変更した以外は有機EL素子2-15と同様な方法で、有機EL素子2-16~2-17を作製した。なお、表2に記した酸化モリブデンは6価であり、酸化レニウムは6価であり、酸化ニッケルは2価である。
(陽極~陰極の形成)
陰極~陽極までは有機EL素子2-15と同様な方法で成膜した。
陽極上に、シャドーマスクを用いてスパッタ法で線幅50μm、厚み1μm、ピッチ1,000μmの間隔でライン状の銀パターンから成る補助電極を作製した。
有機EL素子2-15と同様な方法で硬化・封止して、トップエミッション型有機EL素子2-18を得た。
透明保護層の材料を表2に記載の材料に変更した以外は有機EL素子2-15と同様な方法で、有機EL素子2-19~2-20を作製した。
(陰極~正孔注入/正孔輸送層の形成)
陰極~正孔注入/正孔輸送層までは有機EL素子2-18と同様な方法で成膜した。
次に、正孔注入/正孔輸送層まで成膜した素子を真空のまま第1真空槽に戻した後、電子注入層の上にステンレス鋼製のマスクが配置されるように装置外部からリモートコントロールで設置した。このとき使用したマスクは1,000μm間隔で幅50μmのライン状の穴が空いている。次に、第2真空槽を4×10-4Paまで減圧した後、酸化モリブデン(6価)の入った加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度0.1~0.2nm/秒で上記マスク越しに成膜し、膜厚70nmの図3のようにパターニングされた透明保護層を設けた。図3に、上面図及び側面から見た断面図を示した。
陰極上に、シャドーマスクを用いてスパッタ法で線幅50μm、厚み1μm、ピッチ1,000μmの間隔で図3のようなライン状の銀パターンから成る補助電極を透明保護層がパターニングされていない領域上に作製した。
有機EL素子2-15と同様な方法で硬化・封止して、トップエミッション型有機EL素子2-21を得た。
透明保護層の材料を表2に記載の材料に変更した以外は有機EL素子2-21と同様な方法で、有機EL素子2-22~2-23を作製した。
上記作製した各有機EL素子について、下記の方法に従って電圧の測定を行った。
上記で作製した各有機EL素子に対し、陽極側の正面輝度が1000cd/m2となるときの電圧を各素子の電圧とした。なお、輝度の測定には分光放射輝度計CS-1000(コニカミノルタセンシング製)を用いた。得られた電圧の数値が小さいほど、好ましい結果であることを表す。
作製した有機EL素子に対し、2.5mA/cm2で定電流を印加したときの外部取り出し量子効率(%)を測定した。外部取り出し量子効率は以下の式により算出される。
なお、測定には分光放射輝度計CS-1000(コニカミノルタセンシング製)を用いた。有機EL素子2-1~2-23の外部取り出し量子効率は、有機EL素子2-1(比較例)の測定値を1.0とした相対値で表した。外部取り出し量子効率の相対値を表2に記した。
2a 陽極
2b 陰極
3 正孔注入層
4 正孔輸送層
5 発光層
6 電子輸送層
7 電子注入層
8 透明保護層
9 透明導電性層
10 補助電極
Claims (14)
- 少なくとも発光層及び透明導電性層を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子において、該発光層と該透明導電性層との間に透明保護層が配置されており、該発光層はリン光発光性化合物を含有し、かつ該透明保護層が金属酸化物を含有し、該金属酸化物がモリブデン酸化物(6価)、レニウム酸化物(6価)又はニッケル酸化物(2価)であり、該モリブデン酸化物(6価)、レニウム酸化物(6価)及びニッケル酸化物(2価)は酸素欠損状態であることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記透明保護層の膜厚が60nm以上、150nm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記発光層と前記透明保護層との間に電子輸送層を有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記発光層と前記透明保護層との間に正孔輸送層を有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記電子輸送層が下記一般式(1)で表される化合物を含有することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
一般式(1) (Ar1)n1-Y1
〔式中、n1は1以上の整数を表し、Y1はn1が1の場合は置換基を表し、n1が2以上の場合は単なる結合手又はn1価の連結基を表す。Ar1は下記一般式(A)で表される基を表し、n1が2以上の場合、複数のAr1は同一でも異なっていてもよい。但し、前記一般式(1)で表される化合物は分子内に3環以上の環が縮合してなる縮合芳香族複素環を少なくとも2つ有する。〕
- 前記リン光発光性化合物が下記一般式(4)で表されることを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(4)で表される化合物が下記一般式(5)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記M1がイリジウムを表すことを特徴とする請求項8又は9に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記透明導電性層上に補助電極を有することを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記透明保護層がパターニングされており、かつ前記補助電極が透明保護層のパターニングされていない領域上に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 両面エミッション型であることを特徴とする請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を備えたことを特徴とする照明装置。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2677560A1 (en) | 2013-12-25 |
US9368735B2 (en) | 2016-06-14 |
US20160254488A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
EP2677560A4 (en) | 2016-08-17 |
US20130313542A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
JPWO2012111462A1 (ja) | 2014-07-03 |
US9871222B2 (en) | 2018-01-16 |
JP5817742B2 (ja) | 2015-11-18 |
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