WO2011125620A1 - 液晶性化合物、液晶性組成物、光吸収異方性膜、及び液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
液晶性化合物、液晶性組成物、光吸収異方性膜、及び液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
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- C07C245/02—Azo compounds, i.e. compounds having the free valencies of —N=N— groups attached to different atoms, e.g. diazohydroxides
- C07C245/06—Azo compounds, i.e. compounds having the free valencies of —N=N— groups attached to different atoms, e.g. diazohydroxides with nitrogen atoms of azo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C245/08—Azo compounds, i.e. compounds having the free valencies of —N=N— groups attached to different atoms, e.g. diazohydroxides with nitrogen atoms of azo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with the two nitrogen atoms of azo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings, e.g. azobenzene
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- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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- C09K2323/03—Viewing layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/031—Polarizer or dye
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal compound and a composition useful for producing various optical elements such as a light absorption anisotropic film.
- the present invention also relates to a light absorption anisotropic film produced using the liquid crystal compound and the liquid crystal composition, and a liquid crystal display device having the light absorption anisotropic film.
- LCDs liquid crystal elements
- OLED organic electroluminescence element
- iodine has been widely used as a dichroic substance in these polarizing plates (polarizing elements).
- iodine has a high sublimation property, when used in a polarizing element, its heat resistance and light resistance are not sufficient. Further, the extinction color is deep blue, and it cannot be said to be an ideal achromatic polarizing element over the entire visible spectrum region.
- a polarizing element using an organic dye as a dichroic material has been studied.
- these organic dyes have a problem that only a polarizing element having a dichroism considerably inferior to iodine can be obtained.
- a polarizing element is an important component in an LCD that uses the optical rotation and birefringence of light as a display principle.
- a new polarizing element has been developed for the purpose of improving display performance and the like.
- One method is to dissolve or adsorb an organic dye having a dichroism (dichroic dye) in a polymer material such as polyvinyl alcohol in the same way as a polarizing element containing iodine, and film the film in one direction.
- Non-Patent Document 1 an dichroic dye is oriented on a substrate such as glass or a transparent film using intermolecular interaction of organic dye molecules, and an anisotropic dye film such as a polarizing film is formed. Forming.
- the method described in this document has a problem of heat resistance.
- orienting the dichroic dye on the substrate such as glass or transparent film by utilizing the intermolecular interaction of organic dye molecules can be achieved by a wet film forming method.
- the dye used in this dye film is suitable for the process of the wet film formation method in addition to the high dichroism of the dye molecule. It is required to be a pigment.
- the process in the wet film forming method include a method of depositing and orienting a dye on a substrate and a method of controlling the orientation. Therefore, even dyes that can be used in conventional polarizing elements that have undergone the above-described stretching treatment are often not suitable for wet film-forming methods.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 materials suitable for the above process are proposed. However, these materials have a problem that even if they are suitable for the process, they cannot exhibit high dichroism.
- Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3 As dye skeletons satisfying such characteristics, azo dyes and anthraquinone dyes are known, and in particular, skeletons in which polyazo dyes having a plurality of azo groups in the molecular long axis direction realize an arbitrary hue and a high extinction coefficient. It is used as.
- a symmetric polyazo dye in which the same skeleton is bonded by a single bond or a linking group is mentioned, and some are described in Non-Patent Document 4.
- symmetric polyazo dyes usually have a problem of high crystallinity and poor solubility.
- Non-Patent Document 5 discloses that a different order having a high degree of order is obtained by applying an oligophenylene vinylene compound having a specific structure on an alignment film. A method of forming an isotropic film is described. However, the compound has a short wavelength for use as a dye, and is easily faded by light irradiation.
- the present invention is a novel azo-based liquid crystalline compound that can be aligned with a high degree of alignment order, has good light resistance, and functions as a dichroic dye, and a novel useful for the production of a light-absorbing anisotropic film It is an object to provide a liquid crystal composition. Another object of the present invention is to provide a light absorption anisotropic film produced using the liquid crystalline compound or liquid crystal composition, and a liquid crystal display device having the light absorption anisotropic film. .
- R 1 and R 2 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a substituent represented by —L 2 —Y, provided that at least one represents a group other than a hydrogen atom;
- L 2 is an alkylene group, each of two or more CH 2 groups that are not one CH 2 group or adjacent existing in the alkylene group -O -, - COO -, - OCO -, - OCOO —, —NRCOO—, —OCONR—, —CO—, —S—, —SO 2 —, —NR—, —NRSO 2 —, or —SO 2 NR— (where R is a hydrogen atom or having 1 to 4 carbon atoms)
- Y represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, a hal
- oxy represents a linking group selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl group (—O—C ( ⁇ O) —), an imino group (—N ⁇ CH—), and a vinylene group (—C ⁇ C—); Represents an azo dye residue represented by the general formula (II);
- * represents a bond to L 1 ;
- X represents a hydroxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, an unsubstituted amino group, or a mono- or dialkylamino group
- Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group each optionally having a substituent; n represents an integer of 1 to 3, and when n is 2 or more, a plurality Ar may be the same as or different from each other.
- R 1 in the general formula (I) represents a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, or a C 1 -C 9 alkoxy group
- R 2 is represented by -L 2 -Y.
- L 2 represents a C 5 to C 30 alkylene group, and one CH 2 group present in the alkylene group or two or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups are each —O —, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCOO—, —CO—, —S—, —SO 2 —, —NR—, —NRSO 2 —, or —SO 2 NR— (where R is a hydrogen atom or carbon number)
- a light absorption anisotropic film comprising the liquid crystalline composition of [6] or [7].
- Anisotropic membrane [11] A liquid crystal display device having the light absorption anisotropic film according to [9] or [10].
- a novel azo liquid crystalline compound that can be aligned with a high degree of alignment order, has good light resistance, and functions as a dichroic dye, and useful for the production of a light absorption anisotropic film
- a novel liquid crystal composition can be provided. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a light absorption anisotropic film manufactured using the liquid crystal compound or liquid crystal composition, and a liquid crystal display device having the light absorption anisotropic film. .
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal compound represented by the following formula (I).
- the liquid crystalline compound represented by the following formula (I) has a polyazo skeleton that is a molecular long axis and is asymmetric, and as a result, has low crystallinity as compared with conventional symmetric polyazo dyes. Generally, when the crystallinity of a compound is reduced, the degree of orientation order also tends to be reduced.
- liquid crystal compounds other than azo liquid crystal compounds for example, oligophenylene vinylene liquid crystal compounds include compounds that align with a high degree of alignment order, but oligophenylene vinylene liquid crystal compounds are dyes. It has a short wavelength for use as a dichroic dye, and color development is insufficient as a dichroic dye. Moreover, there is a problem that fading easily occurs due to light irradiation.
- the compound of the following formula (I) has good light resistance and is useful as a material for optical elements such as polarizing films that are frequently exposed to light.
- each of R 1 and R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a substituent represented by —L 2 —Y, provided that at least one represents a group other than a hydrogen atom.
- L 2 is an alkylene group, each of two or more CH 2 groups that are not one CH 2 group or adjacent existing in the alkylene group -O -, - COO -, - OCO -, - OCOO —, —NRCOO—, —OCONR—, —CO—, —S—, —SO 2 —, —NR—, —NRSO 2 —, or —SO 2 NR— (where R is a hydrogen atom or having 1 to 4 carbon atoms) (Which represents an alkyl group) may be substituted.
- Y represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, a halogen atom, or a polymerizable group
- R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen atom or a short-chain substituent of about C 1 to C 4
- the other of R 1 and R 2 is a long-chain substituent of about C 5 to C 30. It is preferable because the solubility is further improved.
- the molecular shape and the anisotropy of polarizability greatly affect the expression of liquid crystallinity, and it is described in detail in Liquid Crystal Handbook (2000, Maruzen Co., Ltd.). ing.
- the typical skeleton of the rod-like liquid crystal molecule consists of a rigid mesogen and a flexible end chain in the molecular long axis direction, and lateral substitution in the molecular short axis direction corresponding to R 1 and R 2 in formula (I).
- the group is typically a small substituent that does not inhibit the rotation of the molecule or is not substituted.
- a smectic phase is stabilized by introducing a hydrophilic (for example, ionic) lateral substituent, but a stable nematic phase is known. Little is known about the expression of.
- examples of improving the solubility without reducing the degree of orientational order by introducing a long-chain substituent at a specific substitution position of a rod-like liquid crystal molecule that exhibits a nematic phase are completely known. Not.
- Examples of the alkyl group represented by R 1 and R 2 include C 1 to C 30 alkyl groups.
- Examples of the short chain alkyl group are preferably C 1 to C 9 and more preferably C 1 to C 4 .
- the long-chain alkyl group is preferably C 5 to C 30 , more preferably C 10 to C 30, and still more preferably C 10 to C 20 .
- Examples of the alkoxy group represented by R 1 and R 2 include C 1 to C 30 alkoxy groups.
- Examples of the short-chain alkoxy group are preferably C 1 to C 8 and more preferably C 1 to C 3 .
- the long-chain alkoxy group is preferably C 5 to C 30 , more preferably C 10 to C 30, and still more preferably C 10 to C 20 .
- the alkylene group represented by L 2 is preferably C 5 to C 30 , more preferably C 10 to C 30 , and C 10 to C 20 is more preferred.
- Each of the two or more CH 2 groups not one CH 2 group or adjacent existing in the alkylene group -O -, - COO -, - OCO -, - OCOO -, - NRCOO -, - OCONR- , —CO—, —S—, —SO 2 —, —NR—, —NRSO 2 —, and —SO 2 NR— (R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms) It may be substituted by one or more selected from the group of valent groups.
- CH 2 which is the terminal of L 2 and bonded to Y may be substituted with any of the above divalent groups.
- CH 2 which is the leading end of L 2 and is bonded to the phenyl group may be substituted with any of the above divalent groups.
- L 2 is preferably an alkyleneoxy group or contains an alkyleneoxy group, and L 2 is — (OCH 2 CH 2 ) p — (where p is 3 or more) And is preferably 3 to 10 and more preferably 3 to 6), or more preferably a polyethyleneoxy group.
- Examples of -L 2- are shown below, but are not limited to the following examples.
- q is a number of 1 or more, preferably 1 to 10, and more preferably 2 to 6.
- R is 5 to 30, preferably 10 to 30, and more preferably 10 to 20.
- Y represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, or an alkoxy group (preferably C 1 -C 10 , more preferably C 1 -C 5).
- An alkoxy group preferably C 1 -C 10 , more preferably C 1 -C 5.
- An alkoxy group preferably C 1 -C 10 , more preferably C 1 -C 5.
- An alkoxy group preferably C 1 -C 10 , more preferably C 1 -C 5
- An alkoxy group a carboxyl group
- a halogen atom or a polymerizable group.
- the terminal of -L 2 -Y can be a substituent that enhances intermolecular interaction such as a carboxyl group, amino group, ammonium group, etc., and can also be a sulfonyloxy group, halogen atom, etc. It can also be a leaving group.
- the terminal of —L 2 —Y may be a substituent that forms a covalent bond with another molecule, such as a crosslinkable group or a polymerizable group.
- a crosslinkable group such as a crosslinkable group or a polymerizable group.
- a polymerizable group such as —O—C ( ⁇ O) CH ⁇ CHCH 3 .
- Y is preferably a polymerizable group (provided that the compound used in combination is polymerized even if the compound of formula (I) does not have a polymerizable group). If it is, the orientation of the compound of formula (I) can be fixed by advancing the polymerization reaction of the other compound).
- the polymerization reaction is preferably addition polymerization (including ring-opening polymerization) or condensation polymerization. That is, the polymerizable group is preferably a functional group capable of addition polymerization reaction or condensation polymerization reaction. Examples of the polymerizable group are shown below.
- the polymerizable group is particularly preferably a functional group that can undergo an addition polymerization reaction.
- a polymerizable group is preferably a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated group or a ring-opening polymerizable group.
- Examples of the polymerizable group capable of the addition polymerization reaction include a polymerizable group represented by the following formula.
- R 10 , R 11 and R 12 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. More specifically, the following groups are exemplified.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and most preferably a methyl group having 1 carbon atom.
- Examples of the polymerizable group represented by the above formula include an acrylate group represented by the following formula (M-1), and a methacrylate and a group represented by the following formula (M-2).
- polymerizable group capable of addition polymerization examples include groups represented by the following formulas (M-3) to (M-6).
- R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- (M-1) to (M-6) (M-1) or (M-2) is preferable, and (M-1) is more preferable.
- the ring-opening polymerizable group is preferably a cyclic ether group, more preferably an epoxy group or an oxetanyl group, and most preferably an epoxy group.
- L 1 is azo group (—N ⁇ N—), carbonyloxy group (—C ( ⁇ O) O—), oxycarbonyl group (—O—C ( ⁇ O) —, respectively. ), An imino group (—N ⁇ CH—), and a vinylene group (—C ⁇ C—). Among these, a vinylene group is preferable.
- Dye represents an azo dye residue represented by the following general formula (II).
- * represents a bond to L 1 ;
- X represents a hydroxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, an unsubstituted amino group, or a mono- or dialkylamino group
- Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring each optionally having a substituent; n represents an integer of 1 to 3, and when n is 2 or more, a plurality of Ars are They may be the same or different from each other.
- the alkyl group represented by X is preferably a C 1 to C 12 , more preferably a C 1 to C 6 alkyl group. Specifically, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group and the like are included.
- the alkyl group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a hydroxy group, a carboxyl group, and a polymerizable group.
- Preferred examples of the polymerizable group are the same as the preferred examples of the polymerizable group represented by Y.
- the alkoxy represented by X is preferably a C 1 -C 20 , more preferably C 1 -C 10 , still more preferably a C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group. Specific examples include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentaoxy group, a hexaoxy group, a heptaoxy group, and an octaoxy group.
- the alkoxy group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a hydroxy group, a carboxyl group, and a polymerizable group. Preferred examples of the polymerizable group are the same as the preferred examples of the polymerizable group represented by Y.
- the substituted or unsubstituted amino group represented by X is preferably a C 0 to C 20 , more preferably C 0 to 10 , still more preferably a C 0 to C 6 amino group.
- Specific examples include an unsubstituted amino group, a methylamino group, a dimethylamino group, a diethylamino group, a methyl hexylamino group, and an anilino group.
- X is preferably an alkoxy group.
- Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- aromatic hydrocarbon ring groups and aromatic heterocyclic groups include 1,4-phenylene group, 1,4-naphthylene group, pyridine ring group, pyrimidine ring group, pyrazine ring group, quinoline ring group, thiophene ring group , Thiazole ring group, thiadiazole ring group, thienothiazole ring group and the like.
- a 1,4-phenylene group, a 1,4-naphthylene group, and a thienothiazole ring group are preferable, and a 1,4-phenylene group is most preferable.
- Ar may have, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cyano group, and the like are preferable.
- An alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms and a carbon number More preferred are 1 to 2 alkoxy groups.
- N is preferably 1 or 2, and more preferably 1.
- Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (I) include a compound represented by the following general formula (Ia).
- the meaning of each symbol in the formula is the same as that in formula (I), and the preferred range is also the same.
- X is the same or different from each other and preferably represents a C 1-12 alkoxy group
- R 1 and R 2 are preferably different from each other, and one of R 1 and R 2 is a hydrogen atom or C 1 to C 4 short-chain substituent (an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a substituent represented by —L 2 —Y), and the other of R 1 and R 2 is a long chain of C 5 to C 30
- the substituent is preferably an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a substituent represented by -L 2 -Y.
- R 1 and R 2 are each a substituent represented by —L 2 —Y, and L 2 is preferably an alkyleneoxy group or contains an alkyleneoxy group.
- the liquid crystallinity includes a thermotropic liquid crystallinity and a lyotropic liquid crystallinity, and any of them may be used. Among these, a liquid crystalline compound exhibiting thermotropic liquid crystallinity is preferable. Further, those that develop a nematic phase in the range of 100 ° C. to 300 ° C. are more preferable.
- the liquid crystalline compound represented by the formula (I) has good solubility.
- the compounds of the formula (I) there is a compound that dissolves 2% by mass or more with respect to chloroform. There are also compounds that dissolve by mass% or more. If it can be dissolved at a concentration in this range, it can be easily prepared as a coating solution and has excellent handleability.
- liquid crystalline compound represented by the formula (I) can be aligned with a high degree of orientation order, and among the compounds of the formula (I), there are compounds having an orientation order S of 0.90 or more. There are also compounds of 0.95 or more. Since the compound of the present invention functions as a dichroic dye, the degree of orientation order can be calculated by forming a film from the compound and measuring the dichroic ratio of the film. Details of the measurement method are described in the examples.
- the compound represented by the formula (I) can be synthesized by combining various organic synthesis methods. For example, using the following compound A as a starting material,
- the above compound A is mixed with paraformaldehyde in an acetic acid solution of hydrobromic acid and heated to be converted into the following compound B.
- a compound of formula (I) in which Ar is a phenylene group and L 1 is a vinylene group can be synthesized.
- the compound E is converted to the following compound F by reacting with ammonia in the presence of a copper catalyst, By reacting the compound F with the compound D,
- a compound of formula (I) in which Ar is a phenylene group and L 1 is an imino group can be synthesized.
- a compound of formula (I) in which Ar is a phenylene group and L 1 is a carbonyloxy group or an oxycarbonyl group can be synthesized.
- compound F is diazotized and reacted with an aniline derivative to convert to compound G below,
- compound F is diazotized and hydrolyzed in an acidic aqueous solution to convert it into the following compound H,
- a compound of formula (I) in which Ar is a phenylene group and L 1 is a carbonyloxy group or an oxycarbonyl group can be synthesized.
- Liquid crystalline composition This invention relates also to the liquid crystalline composition containing at least 1 sort (s) of the liquid crystalline compound represented by said Formula (I).
- the liquid crystalline composition of the present invention is useful for producing an optical element such as a light absorption anisotropic film.
- the liquid crystalline composition may contain two or more liquid crystalline compounds represented by the formula (I).
- other liquid crystals May contain an ionic compound.
- the color tone of the liquid crystalline composition of this invention there is no restriction
- the liquid crystalline composition is used for the production of a light absorption anisotropic film such as a polarizing film, it is preferable to select a compound that becomes black alone or in combination of two or more.
- the liquid crystalline compound represented by the formula (I) is an azo compound and exhibits absorption in the visible light region.
- the maximum absorption peak wavelength varies depending on the type of substituent and the like, the compound has a maximum absorption peak at about 400 to 600 nm. Therefore, in order to achieve black, it is preferable to mix a pigment having a maximum absorption peak at 600 nm or more.
- dyes that can be used in combination include other azo dyes, cyanine dyes, azo metal complexes, phthalocyanine dyes, pyrylium dyes, thiopyrylium dyes, azurenium dyes, squarylium dyes, naphthoquinone dyes, triphenylmethane And dyes based on triarylmethane.
- examples of dyes that can be used in combination include dyes represented by the following formulas (X) to (XIV).
- R 11 to R 14 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent
- R 15 and R 16 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group
- L 11 Represents —N ⁇ N—, —CH ⁇ N—, —N ⁇ CH—, —C ( ⁇ O) O—, —OC ( ⁇ O) —, or —CH ⁇ CH—
- a 11 represents Represents a phenyl group which may have a substituent, a naphthyl group which may have a substituent, or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent
- B 11 has a substituent
- n represents an integer of 1 to 5, and when n is 2 or more, a plurality of B 11 may be the same as each other May be different.
- R 31 ⁇ R 35 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent; R 36 and R 37 also may have each independently hydrogen or a substituent represents an alkyl group;
- Q 31 is Represents an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic heterocyclic group or cyclohexane ring group;
- L 31 represents a divalent linking group;
- a 31 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- each of R 28 and R 29 independently represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group;
- Q 22 represents an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic group.
- Q 23 represents an optionally substituted divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or divalent aromatic heterocyclic group;
- n represents an integer of 1 to 4; When n is 2 or more, the plurality of Q 23 may be the same or different.
- each of R 41 and R 42 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and may be bonded to each other to form a ring
- Ar 4 is an optionally substituted divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group Or an aromatic heterocyclic group
- R 43 and R 44 each represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group, and may be bonded to each other to form a heterocyclic ring.
- a 1 and A 2 each independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the combination of the pigments to be mixed is not particularly limited, but it is desirable to mix the composition so that the hue of the composition is black.
- general formula (I) as a long wavelength dye
- general formula (XI) or (XII) as a longer wavelength dye
- general formula (XIII) or general as a longer wavelength dye It is preferred to mix formula (XIV).
- the proportion of the compound represented by the general formula (I) in the total solid content excluding the solvent is preferably 10% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 20% by mass or more.
- the concentration of the total solid content of the composition is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, particularly preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass.
- Non-liquid crystalline polyfunctional monomer having radical polymerizable group The composition of the present invention preferably contains a non-liquid crystalline polyfunctional monomer having a radical polymerizable group.
- the “non-liquid crystalline polyfunctional monomer having a radical polymerizable group” refers to a non-liquid crystalline monomer which is a polyfunctional monomer in which a growth active species undergoes a radical polymerization reaction.
- This polyfunctional monomer is preferably a polyfunctional monomer having two or more double bonds in the molecule, particularly preferably an ethylenic (aliphatic) unsaturated double bond, specifically, Polyfunctional monomers having functional groups such as alkenes, dienes, acrylates, methacrylates, diesters of unsaturated polycarboxylic acids, amides of ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acids, unsaturated nitriles, styrene and derivatives thereof, vinyl esters, vinyl ethers, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the number of double bonds in the molecule is preferably 2-20, more preferably 2-15, and even more preferably 2-6.
- the polyfunctional monomer is preferably an ester of a polyol having two or more hydroxyl groups in the molecule and an unsaturated fatty acid.
- unsaturated fatty acids include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid and itaconic acid, with acrylic acid and methacrylic acid being preferred.
- the polyol having 4 or more hydroxyl groups in the molecule is preferably a tetrahydric or higher alcohol or a trihydric or higher alcohol oligomer.
- the oligomer has a molecular structure in which polyhydric alcohols are linked by an ether bond, an ester bond or a urethane bond. Oligomers having a molecular structure in which polyhydric alcohols are linked by ether bonds are preferred.
- the polyfunctional monomer is particularly preferably soluble in an organic solvent.
- An example of such a monomer is a compound having a boiling point of 100 ° C. or higher at normal pressure.
- examples of the bifunctional (meth) acrylate include ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,9-nonanediol di (meth) acrylate, Polypropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, tetraethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, bisphenoxyethanol full orange acrylate and the like are listed, and commercially available products thereof include, for example, Aronix M-210, M-240, M-6200 (Toa Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), KAYARAD HDDA, HX-220, R-604 (Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), Biscote 260, 312 and 335HP (Osaka Organic Chemical Co., Ltd.), etc. Is mentioned.
- Examples of the trifunctional or higher functional (meth) acrylate include trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, tri ((meth) acryloyloxyethyl) phosphate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, Examples thereof include dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate and dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, and examples of commercially available products thereof include Aronix M-309, M-400, M-405, M-450, and the like.
- M-7100, M-8030, M-8060 all trade names, manufactured by Toa Gosei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- KAYARAD TMPTA, DPHA, DPCA-20, DPCA-30, DPCA-60, DPCA-120 both Product name, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.
- BISCOAT 295, the 300, the 360, the same GPT, the same 3PA, the 400 (trade name, manufactured by Osaka Organic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- bifunctional or trifunctional or higher (meth) acrylates include, for example, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polypropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolethane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane diacrylate.
- Monomers composed of an ester of polyol and acrylic acid are commercially available from Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. (trade name: Diabeam UK-4154) and Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. (trade name: KYARAD / DPHA, SR355).
- bifunctional or trifunctional or higher functional (meth) acrylates may be used alone or in combination, and may be used in combination with monofunctional (meth) acrylate.
- Examples of monofunctional (meth) acrylates include 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, carbitol (meth) acrylate, isobornyl (meth) acrylate, 3-methoxybutyl (meth) acrylate, and 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl.
- 2-Hydroxypropyl phthalate polyethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, polypropylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, phenoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, ethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, and the like.
- the polymerization reaction includes a thermal polymerization reaction using a thermal polymerization initiator and a photopolymerization reaction using a photopolymerization initiator.
- the total content of the compound of formula (I) and the non-liquid crystalline polymerizable polyfunctional monomer in the total solid content excluding the solvent is preferably 50% by mass or more, particularly preferably 70% by mass or more. preferable.
- Polymerization initiator In order to cure the composition containing the radical polymerizable polyfunctional monomer, it is preferable to contain a polymerization initiator.
- a polymerization initiator known ones can be suitably used according to photopolymerization and thermal polymerization.
- ⁇ -carbonyl compounds US Pat. Nos. 2,367,661 and 2,367,670
- Acyloin ether described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,448,828
- ⁇ -hydrocarbon-substituted aromatic acyloin compound described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,722,512
- polynuclear quinone compound U.S. Pat.
- the amount of the photopolymerization initiator used is preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass, and more preferably 1 to 10% by mass, based on the total solid content excluding the solvent.
- Examples of the photopolymerization initiator, the amount of the photopolymerization initiator used, and the value of the light irradiation energy for polymerization are also described in paragraphs [0050] to [0051] of JP-A No. 2001-91741. Applicable to the invention.
- additives In the composition used in the present invention, in addition to the compound of the formula (I) and a non-liquid crystalline polyfunctional monomer, a polymerization initiator, and a non-liquid crystalline binder polymer which are optionally added, an organic solvent, Any additive can be blended and used in combination.
- additives include wind unevenness inhibitors, anti-repellent agents, additives for controlling the tilt angle of the alignment film (tilt angle of the liquid crystalline dye at the light absorption anisotropic film / alignment film interface), air An additive for controlling the tilt angle of the interface (light absorption anisotropic film / pigment tilt angle at the air interface), a saccharide, a drug having at least one of antifungal, antibacterial and antibacterial functions.
- each additive will be described.
- the composition of the present invention may contain a surfactant.
- the surfactant will be added for the purpose of preventing wind unevenness and the like during application when the composition is prepared as an application liquid and applied.
- a fluorine-type polymer can be used conveniently. There is no restriction
- fluoropolymers that can be used as surfactants include JP-A No. 2004-198511, JP-A No. 4190275, JP-A No. 2004-333852, JP-A No. 2005-206638, and Japanese Patent Application No.
- the amount of the surfactant used for preventing wind unevenness is generally about 0.1 to 10% by mass with respect to the liquid crystal compound. Preferably, it is about 0.5 to 10% by mass, and more preferably about 0.5 to 5% by mass.
- a polymer compound can be added as a material for preventing repelling during coating.
- the polymer compound used for this purpose is not particularly limited as long as it is compatible with the liquid crystal compound and does not significantly inhibit the change in the tilt angle or orientation of the dye.
- Examples of polymers that can be used as repellency inhibitors are described in JP-A-8-95030, and specific examples of particularly preferred polymers include cellulose esters. Examples of cellulose esters include cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and cellulose acetate butyrate.
- the amount of the polymer used for the purpose of preventing repellency is preferably in the range of generally 0.1 to 10% by mass with respect to the dichroic dye. More preferably, it is in the range of 1 to 8% by mass, and still more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5% by mass.
- Alignment film tilt angle control agent An additive for controlling the tilt angle of the liquid crystal compound molecules on the alignment film side may be added to the composition.
- the additive having such an action include compounds having both a polar group and a nonpolar group in the molecule.
- Compounds having both polar and nonpolar groups in the molecule include P O —OH, P O —COOH, P O —O—P O , P O —NH 2 , P O —NH—P O , P O -SH, P O -S-P O, P O -CO-P O, P O -COO-P O, P O -CONH-P O, P O -CONHCO-P O, P O -SO 3 H , P O —SO 3 —P O , P O —SO 2 NH—P O , P O —SO 2 NHSO 2 —P O , P O —C ⁇ N—P O , HO—P (—OP O ) 2 , (HO-) 2
- organic salt in addition to the organic salt of the above compound (for example, ammonium salt, carboxylate, sulfonate, etc.), pyridinium salt and the like can be preferably employed.
- organic salt in addition to the organic salt of the above compound (for example, ammonium salt, carboxylate, sulfonate, etc.), pyridinium salt and the like can be preferably employed.
- P O —OH, P O —COOH, P O —O—P O , P O —NH 2 , P O —SO 3 H, HO -PO (-OP O ) 2 , (HO-) 2 PO-OP O , PO (-OP O ) 3 or an organic salt thereof is preferable.
- each P O represents a nonpolar group, and when there are a plurality of P O , they may be the same or different.
- an alkyl group preferably a linear, branched or cyclic substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- an alkenyl group preferably a linear or branched chain having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, Cyclic substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups
- alkynyl groups preferably linear, branched, cyclic substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- aryl groups preferably having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Examples thereof include substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups) and silyl groups (preferably substituted or unsubstituted silyl groups having 3 to 30 carbon atoms). These nonpolar groups may further have a substituent.
- substituent include a halogen atom, an alkyl group (including a cycloalkyl group and a bicycloalkyl group), an alkenyl group (a cycloalkenyl group and a bicycloalkenyl group).
- the addition amount of the alignment film tilt angle control agent is preferably about 0.0001% by mass to 30% by mass, and preferably 0.001% by mass to 20% by mass with respect to the mass of the liquid crystal compound. % Is more preferable, and about 0.005% by mass to 10% by mass is even more preferable.
- the alignment film tilt control agent described in JP-A-2006-58801 can be used.
- Air interface tilt angle control agent (horizontal alignment agent):
- the composition of the present invention preferably contains a horizontal alignment agent as an air interface tilt angle control agent.
- the horizontal alignment agent used in the present invention is preferably (1) a fluoroaliphatic group-containing compound represented by the following general formula (III); or (2) selected from the group consisting of polymerized units of fluoroaliphatic group-containing monomers represented by general formula (IV) or general formula (V) and polymerized units of amide group-containing monomers represented by general formula (VI) A fluoroaliphatic group-containing copolymer comprising at least one polymerized unit.
- a fluoroaliphatic group-containing compound represented by the following general formula (III) or (2) selected from the group consisting of polymerized units of fluoroaliphatic group-containing monomers represented by general formula (IV) or general formula (V) and polymerized units of amide group-containing monomers represented by general formula (VI)
- R 11 , R 22 and R 33 each independently represents an alkoxy group having a CF 3 group or a CF 2 H group at the terminal, and X 11 , X 22 and X 33 each independently represent —NH—, —O— or —S—, and each of m11, m22 and m33 independently represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- the substituent represented by each of R 11 , R 22 and R 33 is an alkoxy group having a CF 3 group or a CF 2 H group at the terminal, and may be linear or branched. Preferably, it has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 16 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 6 to 16 carbon atoms.
- the alkoxy group having a CF 3 group or a CF 2 H group at the terminal is an alkoxy group in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms contained in the alkoxy group are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- 50% or more of the hydrogen atoms in the alkoxy group are preferably substituted with fluorine atoms, more preferably 60% or more are substituted, and particularly preferably 70% or more are substituted.
- alkoxy groups having a CF 3 group or a CF 2 H group at the ends represented by R 11 , R 22 and R 33 are shown below.
- X 11 , X 22 and X 33 each preferably represent —NH— or —O—, and most preferably represents —NH—.
- m 11 , m 22 and m 33 are each preferably 2.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a methyl group
- L 1 represents a divalent linking group
- m1 represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a methyl group
- L 2 represents a divalent linking group
- n1 represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a methyl group
- R 10 and R 11 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a carbon number. 1 to 20 heterocyclic groups are represented. R 10 and R 11 may be connected to each other to form a heterocyclic ring.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a methyl group, and more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- L 1 represents a divalent linking group
- m1 represents an integer of 1 to 18, more preferably 2 to 12, further preferably 4 to 8, and more preferably 4 or 6.
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a methyl group, and more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- L 2 represents a divalent linking group
- n1 represents an integer of 1 to 18, more preferably 2 to 12, still more preferably 4 to 8, and most preferably 4 or 6.
- L 1 and L 2 are not limited as long as they are each independently a divalent substituent, but a structure represented by the following general formula (VII) is more preferable.
- VI general formula
- (a) shows the position bonded to the double bond side
- (b) shows the position bonded to the fluoroaliphatic group side.
- Formula (VII) (A) -X 10 -R 20 - (b)
- X 10 is a single bond, or * -COO-**, * -COS-**, * -OCO-**, * -CON (R 21 )-**, * -O-.
- R 20 represents an optionally substituted polymethylene group (eg, methylene group, ethylene group, trimethylene group), an optionally substituted phenylene group (eg, o-phenylene group, m-phenylene group).
- R 21 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group which may have a substituent having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an aryl group which may have a substituent having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- a 1-6 alkyl group is more preferable, and a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is still more preferable.
- the fluoroaliphatic group-containing monomer represented by the general formula (IV) is more preferably a monomer represented by the following general formula (VIII).
- X 1 represents a divalent group represented by —O—, —S— or —N (R 222 ) —, and p represents an integer of 1 to 8.
- X 1 is more preferably —O— or —N (R 222 ) —, and most preferably —O—.
- p is more preferably from 1 to 6, and still more preferably from 1 to 3.
- R 1 and m1 have the same meanings as described in the general formula (IV), and preferred ranges are also the same.
- R 222 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an aryl group which may have a substituent having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- X 2 represents a substituent represented by —O—, —S— or —N (R 222 ) —, and q represents an integer of 1 to 8.
- X 2 is more preferably —O— or —N (R 222 ) —, and most preferably —O—.
- p is more preferably from 1 to 6, and still more preferably from 1 to 3.
- R 2 and n1 have the same meanings as described in the general formula (V), and the preferred ranges are also the same.
- R 222 has the same meaning as that described in formula (VIII).
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a methyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R 10 and R 11 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a heterocyclic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and these substituents are further substituted It may have a group.
- R 10 and R 11 may be linked to each other to form a heterocyclic ring.
- the formed heterocyclic ring include a pyrrolidine ring, a piperidine ring, and a morpholine ring.
- the fluoroaliphatic group-containing copolymer used as the horizontal alignment agent includes both a fluoroaliphatic group-containing monomer and an amide group-containing monomer as polymerized units, and each monomer may include two or more kinds of polymerized units.
- the copolymer may include one or more other copolymerizable monomers as polymerized units.
- Other types of such copolymerizable monomers include Polymer Handbook 2nd ed. , J .; Brandrup, Wiley Interscience (1975) Chapter 2, Pages 1-483 can be used. Examples thereof include compounds having one addition polymerizable unsaturated bond selected from acrylic esters, methacrylic esters, methacrylamides, allyl compounds, vinyl ethers, vinyl esters and the like.
- a preferred mass average molecular weight of the fluoroaliphatic group-containing copolymer used as the horizontal alignment agent is 2000 to 100,000, more preferably 3000 to 80,000, and still more preferably 4,000 to 60,000. 000.
- the mass average molecular weight and the molecular weight are converted to polystyrene by GTH analyzer using a column of TSKgel GMHxL, TSKgel G4000HxL, TSKgel G2000HxL (both are trade names manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) and detected by a solvent THF and a differential refractometer. Is the molecular weight.
- the fluoroaliphatic group-containing copolymer that can be used in the present invention as the horizontal alignment agent will be shown, but the present invention is not limited to the following specific examples.
- the number in a formula shows the mass ratio of each monomer component. Mw represents a mass average molecular weight.
- horizontal alignment agents described in JP-A-2005-99248, JP-A-2005-134484, JP-A-2006-126768, and JP-A-2006-267183 may be selected.
- the horizontal alignment agent in the present invention, only one horizontal alignment agent may be used, or two or more horizontal alignment agents may be used.
- the addition amount of the horizontal alignment agent in the composition is preferably 0.1% by mass to 10% by mass, and 0.5% by mass to 10% by mass with respect to the addition amount of the liquid crystal compound. More preferably, it is particularly preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass.
- Saccharides may be added to the composition of the present invention. By adding saccharides, the association degree of the dye aggregate can be improved, and as a result, the molecular orientation of the dye can be increased.
- saccharides that can be used include monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, and sugar derivatives such as sugar alcohols.
- saccharides in order to achieve the effects of the present invention, those having a hydroxyl group of usually 2 or more, preferably 3 or more, preferably 18 or less, and more preferably 12 or less are preferable from the viewpoint of molecular association.
- the molecular weight of the saccharide used is preferably 1,000 or less, more preferably 700 or less. If the molecular weight of the saccharide is too large, it is not preferred because it may cause phase separation from the dye and impair the orientation of the dye film.
- the carbon number of the saccharide used is usually 36 or less, preferably 24 or less. If the saccharide has too many carbon atoms, the molecular weight of the saccharide increases, which causes phase separation from the azo dye, which may impair the orientation of the dye film.
- monosaccharides include xylose, ribose, glucose, fructose, mannose, sorbose, and galactose.
- oligosaccharide examples include trehalose, kojibiose, nigerose, maltose, maltotriose, isomaltotriose, maltotetraose, isomaltose, sophorose, laminaribiose, cellobiose, gentiobiose, lactose, sucrose, melibiose, lutinose, primiverose, Examples include turanose, panose, isopanose, cellotriose, manninotriose, soratriose, melezitose, planteose, gentianose, umbelliferose, raffinose, and stachyose.
- sugar alcohol examples include compounds obtained by reducing the above monosaccharides and oligosaccharides such as threitol, xylitol, ribitol, arabitol, sorbitol, and mannitol.
- saccharide xylose, mannose, maltose, maltotriose and arabitol are particularly preferable.
- saccharides and sugar alcohols each have optical isomers, but each of them may be used alone or both may be included in the composition of the present invention. Moreover, saccharides may be used individually by 1 type in the composition of this invention, and 2 or more types may be used in combination.
- the saccharide content relative to the liquid crystalline compound is preferably in the range of 0.1 or more and 1 or less in terms of mass ratio. More preferably, it is 0.2 or more, particularly preferably 0.3 or more, further preferably 0.7 or less, and particularly preferably 0.6 or less.
- the association degree of the dye aggregate can be increased without decreasing the degree of orientation of the aggregate.
- Antifungal, antibacterial and fungicides You may add the chemical
- a drug having at least one of antifungal, antibacterial, and sterilization functions refers to an antifungal ability that suppresses the generation / growth / growth of mold, a sterilizing ability that kills microorganisms, and a microorganism It means a drug having at least one function of antibacterial ability that suppresses the generation, growth and proliferation of sucrose.
- Known antifungal agents, bactericides, and antibacterial agents can be used.
- the optical property of the polarizer formed from the composition is not deteriorated.
- the drug having at least one of antifungal, antibacterial and bactericidal functions include conventional phenols such as 2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl, chlorine dioxide and the like. And quaternary ammonium salt systems such as benzalkonium chloride.
- Proxel BDN Proxel BD20
- Proxel GXL Proxel LV
- Proxel XL Proxel XL2
- Proxel Ultra 10 above, product name
- Polyhexametylene biguanide hydrochloride as an active ingredient
- Proxel IB Avecia, trade name
- Dithio-2,2'-bis (benzmethylamide) as an active ingredient
- Densil P Avecia, trade name
- Densil P Avecia, trade name
- medical agent which has at least any one function of antifungal, antibacterial, and disinfection which can be used by this invention can also be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the content of the agent having at least one of antifungal, antibacterial and bactericidal functions in the composition is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.01% by mass or more, preferably 0.001% by mass or more. On the other hand, it is usually 0.5% by mass or less, preferably 0.3% by mass or less.
- the content of the drug having at least one of antifungal, antibacterial and sterilizing functions is within the above range, sufficient antifungal and antibacterial can be achieved without causing the precipitation of the drug or phase separation during film formation. Or the bactericidal effect is acquired.
- Electron-Deficient lamellar compounds and Electron-Rich compounds Since the polarizer obtained by the method of the present invention has a high degree of polarization, the composition contains an electron-deficient discotic compound and an electron-rich compound. Is preferred.
- the electron-deficient discotic compound and the electron-rich compound for example, those described in JP-A-2006-323377 can be used.
- the ratio of the electron-deficient discotic compound in the composition is usually 0.1 parts by mass or more, preferably 0.2 parts by mass or more, when the total composition is 100 parts by mass. Moreover, it is 50 mass parts or less normally, Preferably it is the range of 40 mass parts or less. When the ratio of the compound is within this range, the effect of addition can be obtained without excessively increasing the viscosity of the composition as a solution. Moreover, the ratio of the electron-rich compound in the composition is usually 50 parts by mass or less, preferably 40 parts by mass or less when the entire composition is 100 parts by mass. When the ratio of the compound is within this range, the effect of addition can be obtained without excessively increasing the viscosity of the composition as a solution.
- Non-liquid crystalline polymer (binder polymer):
- the composition may contain a non-liquid crystalline polymer.
- the non-liquid crystalline polymer may be a polymer formed by polymerizing the monomer after coating the composition containing the monomer on a substrate or an alignment film.
- acrylic resins such as polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylic acid esters, and polyacrylamide
- polyvinyl acetal resins such as polystyrene resin, polyvinyl acetoacetal, and polyvinyl butyral
- ethyl cellulose hydroxy Cellulose resins such as ethy
- modified cellulose resins such as nitrocellulose, ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose and ethyl cellulose , Polyurethane resin, polyamide resin, polyester resin, polycarbonate resin, Phenoxy resins, phenol resins, epoxy resins, various elastomers, and the like. These may be used alone, or may be mixed or copolymerized for use.
- an acrylic polymer a resin having an acrylic copolymer or a styrene copolymer as a main chain
- the non-liquid crystalline binder polymer is particularly preferable, and it is particularly preferable that the non-liquid crystalline binder polymer is soluble in an organic solvent.
- a known radical polymerization method can be applied.
- Polymerization conditions such as temperature, pressure, type and amount of radical initiator, type of solvent, etc. in the production by the radical polymerization method can be easily set by those skilled in the art, and the conditions should be determined experimentally. You can also.
- unsaturated carboxylic acid eg, (meth) acrylic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid and fumaric acid
- aromatic vinyl compound eg, styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, N-vinylimidazole, etc.
- acrylic acid alkyl esters eg, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl) (Meth) acrylate, i-butyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, dodecyl (meth) acrylate, etc.
- acrylic acid alkyl aryl ester eg, benzyl (meth) acrylate, etc.
- unsaturated carboxylic acids aromatic vinyl compounds, (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters, (meth) acrylic acid alkyl aryl esters and carboxylic acid vinyl esters are preferred.
- (meth) acrylic acid is a general term that combines acrylic acid and methacrylic acid
- (meth) acrylate is also a general term for acrylate and methacrylate.
- an acrylic polymer having a (meth) acryloyl group in the side chain or a macromonomer for example, a polystyrene macromonomer, a polymethyl methacrylate macromonomer, a polyethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, a polypropylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, a polyethylene as a copolymerization component
- An acrylic graft polymer containing glycol polypropylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate and the like is also preferable. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the non-liquid crystalline polymer in the total solid content excluding the solvent is preferably 0.5 to 90% by mass, more preferably 1 to 80% by mass. It is especially preferable that it is 70 mass%.
- the composition is preferably prepared as a coating solution.
- the solvent used for preparing the coating solution is preferably an organic solvent.
- organic solvents include amides (eg, N, N-dimethylformamide), sulfoxides (eg, dimethyl sulfoxide), heterocyclic compounds (eg, pyridine), hydrocarbons (eg, benzene, toluene, hexane) , Alkyl halides (eg, chloroform, dichloromethane), esters (eg, methyl acetate, butyl acetate), ketones (eg, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone), ethers (eg, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane). Hydrocarbons, alkyl halides and ketones are preferred. Two or more organic solvents may be used in combination.
- the method for preparing the coating solution of the above composition is prepared by dissolving the one or more liquid crystalline compounds and one or more of the above-mentioned additives (for example, a surfactant, a horizontal alignment agent, etc.) that are optionally added in a solvent.
- the coating liquid may not be completely dissolved but may be dispersed.
- the composition is preferably prepared as a coating solution having a total solid content of about 0.1 to 10% by mass, and more preferably about 0.5 to 5% by mass.
- the coating liquid is prepared in this concentration range, the polarizing layer can be stably formed by a wet film forming method.
- the present invention also relates to a light absorption anisotropic film (polarizing film) made of the liquid crystalline composition of the present invention.
- a laminate in which the light absorption anisotropic film is formed on a substrate can be used for a liquid crystal display device as a polarizer.
- the polarizer is particularly useful as an in-cell polarizer.
- An example of the manufacturing method of the light absorption anisotropic film of the present invention is as follows. The said composition prepared as a coating liquid is apply
- the coating method a known and commonly used method such as a spin coating method, a gravure printing method, a flexographic printing method, an ink jet method, a die coating method, a slit die coating method, a cap coating method, or a dipping method can be performed.
- a spin coating method a gravure printing method, a flexographic printing method, an ink jet method, a die coating method, a slit die coating method, a cap coating method, or a dipping method
- the solution diluted with the organic solvent is applied, it is dried after application to obtain a coating film.
- the solute such as an organic solvent is evaporated from the coating film of the composition to orient the composition.
- it is naturally dried at room temperature. It is preferable not to disturb the orientation state of the azo dye molecules formed by coating (avoid thermal relaxation or the like). In the pressure reduction treatment, it is also preferable to evaporate the solvent and dry at a lower temperature.
- depressurization treatment refers to removing a solvent by evaporating a substrate having a coating film under reduced pressure conditions. At this time, it is preferable that the substrate having the film is kept horizontal so that it does not flow from the high part to the bottom part. The shorter the time it takes for the coating film to start the decompression treatment after coating, the better, and it is preferably 1 second to 30 seconds.
- Examples of the decompression method include the following methods. The coating film obtained by applying the coating solution is put together with the substrate in a reduced pressure processing apparatus and subjected to reduced pressure processing. For example, a decompression processing apparatus as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 of JP-A-2006-201759 can be used. Details of the decompression processing apparatus are described in JP-A No. 2004-169975.
- the pressure in the system where the coating film exists is preferably 2 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or less, and particularly preferably 1 ⁇ 10 3 Pa or less. Further, it is preferably 1 Pa or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 1 Pa or more.
- the pressure finally reached in the system is preferably as described above. If the upper limit is exceeded, drying may not be possible and the orientation may be disturbed. If the lower limit is not reached, drying may be too rapid and defects may occur.
- the decompression time is preferably 5 seconds or more and 180 seconds or less. If it exceeds the upper limit, the coating film cannot be dried rapidly before the orientation relaxation, and the orientation may be disturbed. If it falls below the lower limit, it may not be dried and the orientation may be disturbed.
- the temperature in the system during the decompression treatment is preferably 10 ° C. or more and 60 ° C. or less. If the upper limit is exceeded, convection may occur during drying, and non-uniformity may occur in the coating film. If the lower limit is not reached, drying may not be possible and orientation may be disturbed.
- the coating film When drying the coating film and orienting the liquid crystalline composition, it may be heated to promote the orientation.
- the temperature is preferably 50 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower, and particularly preferably 70 ° C. or higher and 180 ° C. or lower.
- an additive such as a plasticizer may be used in combination with the liquid crystalline composition.
- the molecules of one or more liquid crystalline compounds are aligned at the tilt angle of the alignment film at the interface with the alignment film and at the air interface at the interface with air. Align at a tilt angle.
- tilt angle means an angle formed between the major axis direction of an azo dye molecule and an interface (alignment film interface or air interface).
- the preferred tilt angle on the alignment film side is 0 ° to 10 °, more preferably 0 ° to 5 °, particularly preferably 0 ° to 2 °, and still more preferably 0 ° to 1 °.
- the tilt angle on the air interface side is preferably 0 ° to 10 °, more preferably 0 to 5 °, and particularly preferably 0 to 2 °.
- the composition comprises (1) a fluoroaliphatic group-containing compound represented by the general formula (III); or (2 ) At least one selected from the group consisting of polymerized units of fluoroaliphatic group-containing monomers represented by general formula (IV) or (V) and polymerized units of amide group-containing monomers represented by general formula (VI) It is preferable to contain a fluoroaliphatic group-containing copolymer containing the following polymer units.
- the alignment film side tilt angle tends to be reduced by the action of the alignment film as compared with the air interface side tilt angle, but by adding the above-described alignment film tilt control agent to the composition, The tilt angle on the alignment film side can be further reduced, and the azo dye molecules can be stably in a horizontal alignment state.
- the azo dye molecule is brought into a desired alignment state and then irradiated with light (preferably Is preferably cured by ultraviolet irradiation), heating, or a combination thereof.
- light preferably Is preferably cured by ultraviolet irradiation
- the description in paragraphs [0050] to [0051] of JP-A-2001-91741 can be referred to.
- a light absorption anisotropic film (polarizing film) can be formed as described above.
- the thickness of the light absorption anisotropic film is preferably 0.01 to 2 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.05 to 2 ⁇ m.
- Alignment film For the production of the light absorption anisotropic film of the present invention, it is preferable to use an alignment film.
- the alignment film used in the present invention may be any layer as long as the molecules of the liquid crystalline azo dye can be brought into a desired alignment state on the alignment film.
- Organic compound eg, ⁇ -tricosanoic acid
- organic compound preferably polymer
- LB film Langmuir-Blodgett method
- an alignment film in which an alignment function is generated by application of an electric field, application of a magnetic field, or light irradiation is also known.
- an alignment film formed by rubbing treatment is preferable from the viewpoint of easy control of the pretilt angle of the alignment film, and a photo alignment film formed by light irradiation is preferable from the viewpoint of uniformity of alignment.
- the polymer material used for the alignment film formed by the rubbing treatment is described in a large number of documents, and a large number of commercially available products can be obtained.
- polyvinyl alcohol or polyimide and derivatives thereof are preferably used.
- the thickness of the alignment film is preferably 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the rubbing treatment can be generally carried out by rubbing the surface of the polymer layer several times with paper or cloth in a certain direction.
- “Liquid Crystal Handbook” (published by Maruzensha, October 30, 2000). It is preferable to carry out by the method described in (1).
- a method for changing the rubbing density a method described in “Liquid Crystal Handbook” (published by Maruzen) can be used.
- the rubbing density (L) is quantified by the following formula (A).
- N Nl (1 + 2 ⁇ rn / 60v)
- N is the number of rubbing
- l is the contact length of the rubbing roller
- r is the radius of the roller
- n is the number of rotations (rpm) of the roller
- v is the stage moving speed (second speed).
- the rubbing frequency should be increased, the contact length of the rubbing roller should be increased, the radius of the roller should be increased, the rotation speed of the roller should be increased, and the stage moving speed should be decreased, while the rubbing density should be decreased. To do this, you can do the reverse. Between the rubbing density and the pretilt angle of the alignment film, there is a relationship in which the pretilt angle decreases as the rubbing density increases and the pretilt angle increases as the rubbing density decreases.
- the photo-alignment material used for the alignment film formed by light irradiation has description in many literatures.
- JP 2006-285197 A, JP 2007-76839 A, JP 2007-138138 A, JP 2007-94071 A, JP 2007-121721 A The azo compounds described in JP-A-2007-140465, JP-A-2007-156439, JP-A-2007-133184, JP-A-2009-109831, JP-A-3888848, and JP-A-4151746, No.
- the photo-alignment film formed from the above material is irradiated with linearly polarized light or non-polarized light to produce a photo-alignment film.
- linearly polarized light irradiation is an operation for causing a photoreaction in the photo-alignment material.
- the wavelength of light used varies depending on the photo-alignment material used, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a wavelength necessary for the photoreaction.
- the peak wavelength of light used for light irradiation is 200 nm to 700 nm, and more preferably ultraviolet light having a peak wavelength of light of 400 nm or less.
- the light source used for light irradiation is a commonly used light source such as a tungsten lamp, a halogen lamp, a xenon lamp, a xenon flash lamp, a mercury lamp, a mercury xenon lamp, a carbon arc lamp, or various lasers (eg, semiconductor laser, helium). Neon laser, argon ion laser, helium cadmium laser, YAG laser), light emitting diode, cathode ray tube, and the like.
- a method using a polarizing plate eg, iodine polarizing plate, dichroic dye polarizing plate, wire grid polarizing plate
- reflection using a prism-based element eg, Glan-Thompson prism
- a prism-based element eg, Glan-Thompson prism
- Brewster angle A method using a type polarizer or a method using light emitted from a laser light source having polarization can be employed.
- a method of irradiating light from the top surface or the back surface to the alignment film surface perpendicularly or obliquely with respect to the alignment film is employed.
- the incident angle of the light varies depending on the photo-alignment material, but is, for example, 0 to 90 ° (vertical), preferably 40 to 90.
- the non-polarized light is irradiated obliquely.
- the incident angle is 10 to 80 °, preferably 20 to 60, particularly preferably 30 to 50 °.
- the irradiation time is preferably 1 minute to 60 minutes, more preferably 1 minute to 10 minutes.
- a method of performing light irradiation using a photomask as many times as necessary for pattern creation or a method of writing a pattern by laser beam scanning can be employed.
- the thickness of the light absorption anisotropic film of the present invention formed from the composition is preferably 0.01 to 2 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 ⁇ m.
- transmitted light when a C light source is used as a light source is 0.28 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.36, 0.28 ⁇ y ⁇ 0. It is preferable that 36 is achieved.
- the light absorption anisotropic film of the present invention produced using the compound of the formula (I) satisfies the above characteristics and is useful as a polarizing film.
- the C light source, the xy chromaticity diagram, and how to obtain x and y are described in detail in the JIS Handbook [61] color issued by the Japanese Standards Association and can be referred to.
- the light absorption anisotropic film may be formed on the substrate.
- the substrate that can be used in the present invention will be selected depending on the application of the light-absorbing anisotropic film.
- alkali-free glass soda glass, Pyrex (registered trademark) glass, quartz glass used for liquid crystal display elements, OLED elements, etc .
- photoelectric conversion element substrate used for solid-state imaging elements, etc .
- silicon substrate plastic substrate
- a substrate on which a functional layer such as a transparent conductive film, a color filter film, an electrode and a TFT is formed.
- a black matrix for isolating each pixel may be formed, or a transparent resin layer may be provided for promoting adhesion.
- the plastic substrate has a gas barrier layer and / or a solvent resistant layer on the surface thereof.
- the light transmittance of the substrate is preferably 80% or more.
- the plastic substrate is preferably an optically isotropic polymer film.
- the description in paragraph [0013] of JP-A-2002-22294 can be applied.
- a conventionally known polymer such as polycarbonate or polysulfone that easily develops birefringence is used by reducing the expression by modifying the molecule described in International Publication WO00 / 26705. You can also.
- An alignment film may be provided between the substrate and the light absorption anisotropic film. Examples of alignment films, materials used for formation, and formation methods are as described above. Further, a color filter layer may be provided between the substrate and the light absorption anisotropic film. In addition to the color filter layer, other functional layers such as a transparent conductive film, a color filter film, an electrode, and a TFT may be included. Further, a black matrix for isolating each pixel may be formed. Moreover, you may have a transparent resin cured layer on the light absorption anisotropic film. The material used for forming the transparent resin cured layer and the forming method are as described above.
- Display Device also relates to a display device such as a liquid crystal display device including at least one light absorption anisotropic film (polarizing film) of the present invention.
- a display device such as a liquid crystal display device including at least one light absorption anisotropic film (polarizing film) of the present invention.
- polarizing film polarizing film
- transmissive, reflective, or transflective liquid crystal display devices of various modes such as TN, STN, VA, ECB, IPS, and OCB, OLED, and the like can be given.
- This is a display device in which a light absorption anisotropic film is laminated. With such a configuration, it is possible to reduce a decrease in contrast due to scattered light caused by depolarization by the color filter layer.
- a solution of 24.2 parts of 4-aminobenzaldehyde in 170 ml of 3.5N aqueous hydrochloric acid and ice-cooled to 0 ° C. was obtained by dissolving 15.2 parts of sodium nitrite in 40 ml of water at 5 ° C. The solution was dropped little by little while maintaining the following temperature. The mixture was stirred for about 1 hour while maintaining the temperature, and after confirming the formation of the diazonium salt, 1.94 parts of amidosulfuric acid was added to prepare a diazonium salt aqueous solution.
- Exemplified Compound A-4 has liquid crystallinity, and nematic liquid crystallinity was confirmed in the range of 133 ° C. to 299 ° C. Moreover, it was confirmed that it was a dichroic dye by observation with a polarizing microscope.
- Exemplified Compound A-3 has liquid crystallinity, and nematic liquid crystallinity was confirmed in the range of 138 ° C. to 284 ° C. Moreover, it was confirmed that it was a dichroic dye by observation with a polarizing microscope.
- Exemplified Compound A-9 has liquid crystallinity, and nematic liquid crystallinity was confirmed in the range of 148 ° C. to 212 ° C. Moreover, it was confirmed that it was a dichroic dye by observation with a polarizing microscope.
- Exemplified Compound A-10 has liquid crystallinity, and nematic liquid crystallinity was confirmed in the range of 110 ° C. to 201 ° C. Moreover, it was confirmed that it was a dichroic dye by observation with a polarizing microscope.
- Exemplified Compound A-6 has liquid crystallinity, and nematic liquid crystallinity was confirmed in the range of 113 ° C to 275 ° C. Moreover, it was confirmed that it was a dichroic dye by observation with a polarizing microscope.
- Exemplified Compound A-7 has liquid crystallinity, and nematic liquid crystallinity was confirmed in the range of 135 ° C. to 270 ° C. Moreover, it was confirmed that it was a dichroic dye by observation with a polarizing microscope.
- Exemplified Compound A-4 has liquid crystallinity, and nematic liquid crystallinity was confirmed in the range of 133 ° C. to 299 ° C. Moreover, it was confirmed that it was a dichroic dye by observation with a polarizing microscope. Exemplified Compound A-34 had liquid crystallinity, nematic liquid crystallinity was confirmed at 247 ° C. or higher, and it had nematic liquid crystal even at a heating limit of 300 ° C. Moreover, it was confirmed that it was a dichroic dye by observation with a polarizing microscope.
- Comparative compound 1 was hardly dissolved in chloroform, whereas exemplary compound A-4, exemplary compound A-3, exemplary compound A-10, exemplary compound A-6, and exemplary compound A-7 were each It showed a high solubility of 2% by mass or more with respect to chloroform.
- Exemplified Compound A-9 was dissolved in chloroform by 1% by mass or more, but was not dissolved up to 2% by mass, and Exemplified Compound A-34 was further less soluble in chloroform.
- the compounds of the formula (I) synthesized in Synthesis Examples 1 to 7 have improved solubility as compared with the symmetric polyazo dye as Comparative Compound 1, and in particular, R 1 And one of R 2 is a short-chain substituent and the other is a long-chain substituent, the solubility is further improved, and when the long-chain substituent contains a polyoxyethylene chain, It can be seen that the solubility is further improved.
- a light absorption anisotropic film was prepared using the compounds synthesized in Synthesis Examples 1 to 6. Specifically, 1 part by mass of each of the compounds synthesized in Synthesis Examples 1 to 6 was added to 99 parts by mass of chloroform, dissolved by stirring and filtered to obtain a liquid crystalline composition coating solution. Next, the coating solution was applied onto the alignment film formed and rubbed on a glass substrate, and then naturally dried in chloroform at room temperature to obtain a light absorption anisotropic film. The following polyvinyl alcohol was used as the alignment film.
- Example Compound A-34 synthesized in Synthesis Example 7 a coating solution having a concentration of 1 part by mass with respect to 99 parts by mass of chloroform could not be prepared, and a film could not be formed under the same conditions.
- the dichroic ratio was calculated by the following equation after measuring the absorbance of the light-absorbing anisotropic film with a spectrophotometer in which an iodine-type polarizing element was arranged in the incident optical system.
- Dichroic ratio (D) Az / Ay Az: Absorbance with respect to polarized light in the direction of the absorption axis of the light absorption anisotropic film
- Ay Absorbance with respect to polarization in the direction of the polarization axis of the light absorption anisotropic film ⁇ degree of orientation order>
- the degree of orientation order was calculated from the dichroic ratio according to the following formula.
- Degree of orientation order (S) (D-1) / (D + 2)
- Comparative example A light-absorbing anisotropic film was produced in the same manner as in Example except that the compound was changed to Comparative Compound 2 below.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of the degree of orientational order and the light stability of each of the obtained light absorption anisotropic films.
- Comparative compound 2 is a compound described in Non-Patent Document 5 described above, has nematic liquid crystal properties and good solubility, but has poor photostability, and is promptly irradiated by light irradiation during heating. It was confirmed to fade.
- preparation of the light absorption anisotropic film was tried also about the said comparative compound 1, since the comparative compound 1 hardly melt
- Table 1 below shows the measurement results of the degree of orientational order and the light stability in each of the obtained light absorption anisotropic films.
- the phase transition temperature is also shown in the table below.
- Comparative Compound 2 has poor light resistance and an absorption wavelength of 432.5 nm in the first place, and as a dichroic dye, color development is insufficient.
- Example 2 0.2 part of Exemplified Compound A-3, 0.4 part of Dye 1 and 0.4 part of Dye 2 were added to 99 parts by mass of chloroform, and after stirring and dissolving, the mixture was filtered to obtain a liquid crystal composition coating solution. Next, the coating solution was applied onto the alignment film formed and rubbed on the glass substrate, and then naturally dried in chloroform at room temperature. As the alignment film, the same one as used in Example 1 was used.
- the hue was sufficient for use as a polarizing plate.
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Abstract
Description
例えば、LCD(液晶素子)では表示における旋光性や複屈折性を制御するために直線偏光板や円偏光板が用いられている。OLED(有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子)においても外光の反射防止のために円偏光板が使用されている。従来、これらの偏光板(偏光素子)にはヨウ素が二色性物質として広く使用されてきた。しかしながら、ヨウ素は昇華性が大きいために偏光素子に使用した場合、その耐熱性や耐光性が十分ではなかった。また、その消光色が深い青になり、全可視スペクトル領域にわたって理想的な無彩色偏光素子とは言えなかった。
その一つの方法として、ヨウ素を含む偏光素子と同様に、二色性を有する有機色素(二色性色素)をポリビニルアルコールのような高分子材料に溶解又は吸着させ、その膜を一方向にフィルム状に延伸して二色性色素を配向させる方法が挙げられている。しかしながら、該方法では延伸処理等のプロセスに手間がかかる等の問題点があった。
そこで、最近では他の方法が着目されるようになってきた。この方法として、非特許文献1では、ガラスや透明フィルムなどの基板上に有機色素分子の分子間相互作用などを利用して二色性色素を配向させ、偏光膜等の異方性色素膜を形成している。しかしながら、該文献に記載の方法では、耐熱性の問題があることが知られていた。
しかしながら、通常、対称型ポリアゾ色素は、結晶性が高く、溶解性に乏しいという問題点があった。
また、本発明は、前記液晶性化合物又は液晶性組成物を利用して作製された光吸収異方性膜、並びに当該光吸収異方性膜を有する液晶表示装置を提供することを課題とする。
[1] 下記一般式(I)で表される液晶性化合物:
[3] 一般式(I)中のL1が、ビニレン基である[1]の液晶性化合物。
[4] 一般式(I)中のL2が、-(OCH2CH2)p-(但し、pは3以上の数を表す)で表される基を含む[1]~[3]のいずれかの液晶性化合物。
[5] 一般式(I)中のYが、重合性基である[1]~[4]のいずれかの液晶性化合物。
[6] [1]~[5]のいずれかの液晶性化合物を含有する液晶性組成物。
[7] さらに1種以上の二色性色素を含有する[6]の液晶性組成物。
[8] [6]又は[7]の液晶性組成物からなる膜。
[9] [6]又は[7]の液晶性組成物からなる光吸収異方性膜。
[10] 光源としてC光源を用いたときの透過光が、xy色度図において、0.28<x<0.36、0.28<y<0.36を満足する[9]の光吸収異方性膜。
[11] [9]又は[10]の光吸収異方性膜を有する液晶表示装置。
また、本発明によれば、前記液晶性化合物又は液晶性組成物を利用して作製された光吸収異方性膜、並びに当該光吸収異方性膜を有する液晶表示装置を提供することができる。
1. 式(I)の液晶性化合物
本発明は、下記式(I)で表される液晶性化合物に関する。下記式(I)の液晶性化合物は、分子長軸となるポリアゾ骨格が非対称性であり、その結果、従来の対称型ポリアゾ色素と比較して、結晶性が低い。一般的には、化合物の結晶性を低下させると、配向秩序度も低下する傾向にあるが、本発明者が検討した結果、ポリアゾ骨格の中心に位置するベンゼン環の所定の位置に置換基を導入することにより、結晶性が低下しても、配向秩序度がほとんど失われないことがわかった。即ち、下記式(I)で表される化合物は、高い秩序度を有し、且つ二色性色素として利用可能な化合物である。しかも、対称型ポリアゾ色素と比較して結晶性が低下している結果、良好な溶解性を示す。
なお、アゾ系液晶性化合物以外の液晶性化合物、例えば、オリゴフェニレンビニレン系液晶性化合物の中には、高い配向秩序度で配向する化合物も存在するが、オリゴフェニレンビニレン系液晶性化合物は、色素として用いるには短波長であり、二色性色素としては発色が不十分である。しかも光の照射によって退色しやすいという問題がある。下記式(I)の化合物は、耐光性も良好であり、頻繁に光に曝される偏光膜等の光学要素の材料として、有用である。
以下に、-L2-の例を示すが、以下の例に限定されるものではない。下記式中、qは1以上の数であり、1~10であるのが好ましく、2~6であるのがより好ましい。また、rは5~30であり、好ましくは10~30であり、より好ましくは10~20である。
-(OCH2CH2)p-
-(OCH2CH2)p-O-(CH2)q-
-(OCH2CH2)p-OC(=O)-(CH2)q-
-(OCH2CH2)p-OC(=O)NH-(CH2)q-
-O(CH2)r-
-(CH2)r-
L2とYとの組合せにより、-L2-Yの末端は、例えばカルボキシル基やアミノ基、アンモニウム基などの分子間相互作用を強める置換基となり得るし、またスルホニルオキシ基、ハロゲン原子等の脱離基にもなり得る。
また、-L2-Yの末端は、架橋性基、重合性基など、他分子と共有結合を形成する置換基であってもよく、例えば、-O-C(=O)CH=CH2、及び-O-C(=O)CH=CHCH3等の重合性基であってもよい。
上記式(M-1)~(M-6)の中、(M-1)又は(M-2)が好ましく、(M-1)がより好ましい。
なお、本発明の化合物は、二色性色素として機能するので、配向秩序度は、該化合物から膜を形成し、該膜の二色比を測定することで算出することができる。測定方法の詳細については、実施例に記載がある。
Arがフェニレン基であり、L1がカルボニルオキシ基又はオキシカルボニル基である式(I)の化合物を合成することができる。
本発明は、前記式(I)で表される液晶性化合物の少なくとも1種を含有する液晶性組成物にも関する。本発明の液晶性組成物は、光吸収異方性膜等の光学要素の作製に有用である。
前記液晶性組成物は、前記式(I)で表される液晶性化合物を2種以上含有していてもよい、また、前記式(I)で表される液晶性化合物とともに、それ以外の液晶性化合物を含有していてもよい。
例えば、併用可能な色素の例には、下記式(X)~(XIV)で表される色素が含まれる。
本発明の組成物は、ラジカル重合性基を有する非液晶性の多官能モノマーを含有することが好ましい。
本発明において、「ラジカル重合性基を有する非液晶性の多官能モノマー」とは、成長活性種がラジカル的に重合反応する多官能モノマーであって、非液晶性のモノマーをいう。この多官能モノマーは分子内に2個以上の二重結合を有する多官能モノマーであることが好ましく、エチレン性(脂肪族性)不飽和二重結合であることが特に好ましく、具体的には、アルケン、ジエン、アクリレート、メタクリレート、不飽和多価カルボン酸のジエステル、α、β-不飽和カルボン酸のアミド、不飽和ニトリル、スチレン及びその誘導体、ビニルエステル、ビニルエーテル等の官能基を有する多官能モノマーを挙げることができる。分子内の二重結合の数は、2~20であることが好ましく、2~15であることがさらに好ましく、2~6であることがより好ましい。多官能モノマーは、分子内に2個以上のヒドロキシルを有するポリオールと、不飽和脂肪酸とのエステルであることが好ましい。不飽和脂肪酸の例には、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、マレイン酸及びイタコン酸が含まれ、アクリル酸及びメタクリル酸が好ましい。分子内に4個以上のヒドロキシルを有するポリオールは、四価以上のアルコールであるか、あるいは三価以上のアルコールのオリゴマーであることが好ましい。オリゴマーは、エーテル結合、エステル結合又はウレタン結合により多価アルコールを連結した分子構造を有する。多価アルコールをエーテル結合で連結した分子構造を有するオリゴマーが好ましい。
そのようなモノマーとしては、沸点が常圧で100度以上の化合物を挙げることができる。
上記ラジカル重合性多官能モノマーを含有する組成物を硬化反応させるために、重合開始剤を含有することが好ましい。
重合開始剤としては、光重合、熱重合に応じて、公知のものを好適に使用することができ、たとえば光重合開始剤の例には、α-カルボニル化合物(米国特許2367661号、同2367670号の各明細書記載)、アシロインエーテル(米国特許2448828号明細書記載)、α-炭化水素置換芳香族アシロイン化合物(米国特許2722512号明細書記載)、多核キノン化合物(米国特許3046127号、同2951758号の各明細書記載)、トリアリールイミダゾールダイマーとp-アミノフェニルケトンとの組み合わせ(米国特許3549367号明細書記載)、アクリジン及びフェナジン化合物(特開昭60-105667号公報、米国特許4239850号明細書記載)及びオキサジアゾル化合物(米国特許4212970号明細書記載)が含まれる。
光重合開始剤の例、光重合開始剤の使用量、及び重合のための光照射エネルギーの値の各々については、特開2001-91741号公報の段落[0050]~[0051]の記載も本発明に適用できる。
本発明で用いる前記組成物には、前記式(I)の化合物、並びに所望により添加される、非液晶性の多官能モノマー、重合開始剤、及び非液晶性バインダーポリマーの他に、有機溶媒や、任意の添加剤を配合・併用することができる。添加剤の例としては、風ムラ防止剤、ハジキ防止剤、配向膜のチルト角(光吸収異方性膜/配向膜界面での液晶性色素のチルト角)を制御するための添加剤、空気界面のチルト角(光吸収異方性膜/空気界面での色素のチルト角)を制御するための添加剤、糖類、防黴、抗菌及び殺菌の少なくともいずれかの機能を有する薬剤等である。以下、各添加剤について説明する。
本発明の組成物は、界面活性剤を含有していてもよい。界面活性剤は、当該組成物を塗布液として調製し、塗布する際に、塗布時の風ムラ等を防止することを目的として添加されるであろう。該界面活性剤としては、一般にフッ素系ポリマーを好適に用いることができる。使用するフッ素系ポリマーとしては、色素のチルト角変化や配向を著しく阻害しない限り、特に制限はない。界面活性剤として使用可能なフッ素ポリマーの例としては、特開2004-198511号公報、特許第4190275号公報、特開2004-333852号公報、特開2005-206638号公報、特願2008-193565号公報に記載がある。色素とフッ素系ポリマーとを併用することによって、ムラを生じることなく表示品位の高い画像を表示することができる。さらに、ハジキなどの塗布性も改善される。
前記液晶性化合物分子の配向を阻害しないという観点では、風ムラ防止目的で使用される界面活性剤の添加量は、前記液晶性化合物に対して一般に0.1~10質量%程度であるのが好ましく、0.5~10質量%程度であるのがより好ましく、0.5~5質量%程度であるのがさらに好ましい。
本発明の組成物中には、塗布時のハジキを防止するための材料として、高分子化合物を添加することができる。この目的で使用する高分子化合物としては、当該液晶性化合物と相溶性を有し、色素のチルト角変化や配向を著しく阻害しない限り、特に制限はない。ハジキ防止剤として使用可能なポリマーの例としては、特開平8-95030号公報に記載があり、特に好ましい具体的ポリマー例としてはセルロースエステル類を挙げることができる。セルロースエステルの例としては、セルロースアセテート、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース及びセルロースアセテートブチレートを挙げることができる。
前記液晶性化合物の配向を阻害しないように、ハジキ防止目的で使用されるポリマーの添加量は、前記二色性色素に対して一般に0.1~10質量%の範囲であるのが好ましく、0.1~8質量%の範囲にあるのがより好ましく、0.1~5質量%の範囲にあるのがさらに好ましい。
前記組成物には、配向膜側の前記液晶性化合物分子のチルト角を制御する添加剤を添加してもよい。この様な作用を有する添加剤の例には、分子内に極性基と非極性基の両方を有する化合物が含まれる。分子内に極性基と非極性基の両方を有する化合物としては、PO-OH、PO-COOH、PO-O-PO、PO-NH2、PO-NH-PO、PO-SH、PO-S-PO、PO-CO-PO、PO-COO-PO、PO-CONH-PO、PO-CONHCO-PO、PO-SO3H、PO-SO3-PO、PO-SO2NH-PO、PO-SO2NHSO2-PO、PO-C=N-PO、HO-P(-OPO)2、(HO-)2PO-OPO、P(-OPO)3、HO-PO(-OPO)2、(HO-)2PO-OPO、PO(-OPO)3、PO-NO2及びPO-CNならびにこれらの有機塩が好ましい例として挙げられる。ここで、有機塩としては、上記化合物の有機塩(例えば、アンモニウム塩、カルボン酸塩、スルホン酸塩等)の他、ピリジニウム塩等も好ましく採用することができる。前記分子内に極性基と非極性基の両方を有する化合物の中でも、PO-OH、PO-COOH、PO-O-PO、PO-NH2、PO-SO3H、HO-PO(-OPO)2、(HO-)2PO-OPO、PO(-OPO)3もしくはこれらの有機塩が好ましい。ここで、上記各POは非極性基を表し、POが複数ある場合は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
本発明では、特開2006-58801号公報に記載の配向膜チルト制御剤を使用することができる。
本発明の組成物は、空気界面チルト角制御剤として水平配向剤を含むことが好ましい。本発明に用いられる水平配向剤は、好ましくは、
(1)下記一般式(III)で表されるフルオロ脂肪族基含有化合物;又は、
(2)一般式(IV)もしくは一般式(V)で表されるフルオロ脂肪族基含有モノマーの重合単位及び一般式(VI)で表されるアミド基含有モノマーの重合単位からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の重合単位を含むフルオロ脂肪族基含有共重合体;である。
以下、それぞれ説明する。まず、(1)一般式(III)で表されるフルオロ脂肪族基含有化合物について説明する。
R2:n-C6F13-O-
R3:n-C4F9-O-
R4:n-C8F17-(CH2)2-O-(CH2)2-O-
R5:n-C6F13-(CH2)2-O-(CH2)2-O-
R6:n-C4F9-(CH2)2-O-(CH2)2-O-
R7:n-C8F17-(CH2)3-O-
R8:n-C6F13-(CH2)3-O-
R9:n-C4F9-(CH2)3-O-
R10:H-(CF2)8-O-
R11:H-(CF2)6-O-
R12:H-(CF2)4-O-
R13:H-(CF2)8-(CH2)-O-
R14:H-(CF2)6-(CH2)-O-
R15:H-(CF2)4-(CH2)-O-
R16:H-(CF2)8-(CH2)-O-(CH2)2-O-
R17:H-(CF2)6-(CH2)-O-(CH2)2-O-
R18:H-(CF2)4-(CH2)-O-(CH2)2-O-
前記一般式(V)中、R2は、水素原子、ハロゲン原子又はメチル基を表し、水素原子又はメチル基がより好ましい。L2は2価の連結基を表し、n1は1以上18以下の整数を表し、2~12がより好ましく、4~8が更に好ましく、4又は6であることが最も好ましい。
(a)-X10-R20-(b)
一般式(VII)中、X10は単結合、又は*-COO-**、*-COS-**、*-OCO-**、*-CON(R21)-**、*-O-**で示される2価の連結基を表す。ここで*は二重結合側に結合する位置、**はR20に結合する位置を各々示す。
R20は、置換基を有していてもよいポリメチレン基(例えばメチレン基、エチレン基、トリメチレン基など)、置換基を有していてもよいフェニレン基(例えばo-フェニレン基、m-フェニレン基、p-フェニレン基など)、及びそれらの任意の組み合わせにより形成できる基を表す。中ではポリメチレン基がより好ましく、ポリメチレン基の中でもメチレン基、エチレン基、トリメチレン基、及びテトラメチレン基が好ましく、メチレン基及びエチレン基が更に好ましい。
R21は、水素原子又は炭素数1~8の置換基を有してもよいアルキル基、あるは炭素数6~20の置換基を有してもよいアリール基を表し、水素原子又は炭素数1~6のアルキル基がより好ましく、水素原子又は炭素数1~4のアルキル基が更に好ましい。
前記一般式(VI)中、R3は水素原子、ハロゲン原子又はメチル基を表し、水素原子又はメチル基がより好ましい。R10及びR11はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1~18のアルキル基、炭素数6~20の芳香族基又は炭素数1~20のヘテロ環基を表し、これらの置換基はさらに置換基を有していてもよい。また、炭素数1~12のアルキル基、炭素数6~15の芳香族基であることがより好ましく、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数6~12の芳香族基であることがさらに好ましい。また、R10とR11が互いに連結して複素環を形成してもよく、形成されるヘテロ環の種類としては、ピロリジン環、ピペリジン環、モルホリン環などが挙げられる。
本発明の組成物には、糖類を添加してもよい。糖類を添加することにより色素会合体の会合度を向上させ、その結果として色素の分子配向を高めることができる。
使用可能な糖類としては、単糖、二糖、多糖、及び糖アルコール類などの糖の誘導体が挙げられる。糖類の中でも、本発明の効果を奏するにあたり、分子会合性の点から、水酸基が通常2以上、好ましくは3以上で、好ましくは18以下、更に好ましくは12以下であるものが良い。水酸基が多過ぎると色素との相互作用が強すぎて析出して色素膜の配向性を損ねてしまうので好ましくなく、少な過ぎると色素との相互作用が不十分であり配向性を向上させることができないので好ましくない。
単糖としては、例えばキシロース、リボース、グルコース、フルクトース、マンノース、ソルボース、ガラクトースなどが挙げられる。
オリゴ糖としては、例えばトレハロース、コウジビオース、ニゲロース、マルトース、マルトトリオース、イソマルトトリオース、マルトテトラオース、イソマルトース、ソホロース、ラミナリビオース、セロビオース、ゲンチオビオース、ラクトース、スクロース、メリビオース、ルチノース、プリメベロース、ツラノース、パノース、イソパノース、セロトリオース、マンニノトリオース、ソラトリオース、メレジトース、プランテオース、ゲンチアノース、ウンベリフェロース、ラフィノース、スタキオースなどが挙げられる。
糖アルコールとしては、例えばトレイトール、キシリトール、リビトール、アラビトール、ソルビトール、マンニトールなど前述の単糖及びオリゴ糖を還元した化合物が挙げられる。
本発明で用いる前記組成物には、防黴、抗菌及び殺菌の少なくともいずれかの機能を有する薬剤を添加してもよい。これらの添加剤を添加することにより、当該組成物の保存安定性を向上させることができる。
なお、本明細書では、「防黴、抗菌及び殺菌の少なくともいずれかの機能を有する薬剤」とは、カビの発生・生育・増殖を抑制する防黴能、微生物を死滅される殺菌能、微生物の発生・生育・増殖を抑制する抗菌能の少なくともいずれかの機能を有する薬剤を意味する。公知の防黴剤、殺菌剤、抗菌剤が使用できる。ただし、前記組成物から形成される偏光子の光学特性を低下させないものであることが好ましい。本発明に使用可能なる防黴、抗菌及び殺菌の少なくともいずれかの機能を有する薬剤としては、例えば、従来の2,4,4’-トリクロロ-2’-ヒドロキシジフェニルなどのフェノール系、二酸化塩素などの塩素系、ヨウ素などのヨウ素系、塩化ベンザルコニウムなどの第4級アンモニウム塩系等が挙げられる。
No. 化合物名
1. 2-クロロメチル-5-クロロ-3-イソチアゾロン
2. 2-シアノメチル-5-クロロ-3-イソチアゾロン
3. 2-ヒドロキシメチル-5-クロロ-3-イソチアゾロン
4. 2-(3-メチルシクロヘキシル)-3-イソチアゾロン
5. 2-(4-クロロフェニル)-4,5-ジクロロ-3-イソチアゾロン
6. 2-(4-エチルフェニル)-3-イソチアゾロン
7. 2-(4-ニトロフェニル)-5-クロロ-3-イソチアゾロン
8. 2-クロロメチル-3-イソチアゾロン
9. 2-メトキシフェニル-4-メチル-5-クロロ-3-イソチアゾロン
10. 2-モルフォリノメチル-5-クロロ-3-イソチアゾロン
これらの化合物は、例えば特開平2-278号公報等を参考に合成することが可能であるが、商品名:トリバクトラン(ヘキスト社製)等の市販品を利用することも可能である。
上記の防黴、抗菌及び殺菌の少なくともいずれかの機能を有する薬剤の、前記組成物中の含有量は特に限定されないが、通常0.01質量%以上、好ましくは0.001質量%以上であり、一方、通常0.5質量%以下、好ましくは0.3質量%以下である。防黴、抗菌及び殺菌の少なくともいずれかの機能を有する薬剤の含有量が前記範囲であると、薬剤の析出や、成膜の際の相分離等を生じさせることなく、充分な防黴、抗菌又は殺菌効果が得られる。
本発明の方法によって得られる偏光子が高い偏光度を有するために、前記組成物は、電子不足である(Electron-Deficient)盤状化合物及び電子リッチである(Electron-Rich)化合物を含有するのが好ましい。電子不足である(Electron-Deficient)盤状化合物及び電子リッチである(Electron-Rich)化合物としては、例えば、特開2006-323377に記載のものを用いることができる。
また、前記組成物中の電子リッチである(Electron-Rich)化合物の割合は、組成物全体を100質量部とした場合に、通常50質量部以下、好ましくは40質量部以下の範囲である。前記化合物の割合がこの範囲であると、組成物の溶液としての粘度を過剰に増大させることなく、添加効果を得られる。
前記組成物は、非液晶性高分子を含有していてもよい。非液晶性高分子は、モノマーを含む前記組成物を基板又は配向膜上に塗布した後、モノマーを重合して形成さる高分子であってもよい。
前記組成物中に添加可能なバインダーポリマーの例としては、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリアクリル酸エステル、ポリアクリルアミド等のアクリル系樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、ポリビニルアセトアセタール、ポリビニルブチラールなどのポリビニルアセタール系樹脂、エチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、エチルヒドロキシセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、エチルヒドロキシエチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、酢酸セルロース、酢酪酸セルロース、酢酸プロピオン酸セルロース、硝酸セルロース等の変性セルロース系樹脂ニトロセルロース、エチルヒドロキシエチルセルロース及びエチルセルロースなどのセルロース系樹脂や、ポリウレタン樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、フェノキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、各種エストラマー等が挙げられる。これらは単独で用いる他、これらを混合、又は共重合して用いることも可能である。
非液晶性のバインダーポリマーとしては、特にアクリル系ポリマー(アクリル系共重合体、スチレン系共重合体を主鎖とする樹脂)が好ましく、有機溶剤に可溶であることが特に好ましい。
これらは、1種単独で或いは2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
前記組成物は、塗布液として調製するのが好ましい。該塗布液の調製に用いる溶剤は、有機溶媒が好ましい。使用可能な有機溶媒の例には、アミド(例、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド)、スルホキシド(例、ジメチルスルホキシド)、ヘテロ環化合物(例、ピリジン)、炭化水素(例、ベンゼン、トルエン、ヘキサン)、アルキルハライド(例、クロロホルム、ジクロロメタン)、エステル(例、酢酸メチル、酢酸ブチル)、ケトン(例、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン)、エーテル(例、テトラヒドロフラン、1,2-ジメトキシエタン)が含まれる。炭化水素、アルキルハライド及びケトンが好ましい。2種類以上の有機溶媒を併用してもよい。
本発明は、本発明の液晶性組成物からなる光吸収異方性膜(偏光膜)にも関する。該光吸収異方性膜を基板上に形成した積層体は、偏光子として、液晶表示装置に用いることができる。当該偏光子は、特に、インセル用偏光子として有用である。
本発明の光吸収異方性膜の製造方法の一例は、以下の通りである。
塗布液として調製した前記組成物を、表面に塗布して塗膜を形成する。塗布法としては、スピンコーティング法、グラビア印刷法、フレキソ印刷法、インクジェット法、ダイコーティング法、スリットダイコーティング法、キャップコーティング法、ディッピング等、公知慣用の方法を行うことができる。通常は、有機溶剤で希釈した溶液を塗布するので、塗布後は乾燥させ、塗膜を得る。
塗布後、塗膜の減圧処理を始めるまでの時間は、短ければ短いほどよく、好ましくは1秒以上30秒以内である。
減圧処理の方法としては、例えば以下の様な方法が挙げられる。塗布液を塗布して得られた塗膜を、その基板とともに減圧処理装置に入れて減圧処理する。例えば特開2006-201759の図9や図10のような減圧処理装置を使用することができる。減圧処理装置の詳細については、特開2004-169975号公報に記載されている。
また、減圧処理時間は、好ましくは5秒以上180秒以内である。上限を上回ると配向緩和前に急速に塗膜を乾燥できず配向が乱れる恐れがあり、下限を下回ると乾燥できず配向が乱れる恐れがある。
なお、本明細書では、「チルト角」とは、アゾ色素の分子の長軸方向と界面(配向膜界面あるいは空気界面)のなす角度を意味する。偏光性能の観点から、好ましい配向膜側のチルト角は0°~10°、さらに好ましくは0°~5°、特に好ましいのは0°~2°、よりさらに好ましくは0°~1°である。また、好ましい空気界面側のチルト角は0°~10°、さらに好ましくは0~5°、特に好ましいのは0~2°である。
なお、配向膜側チルト角は、空気界面側チルト角と比較して、配向膜の作用により低減される傾向があるが、前記組成物中に上記した配向膜チルト制御剤を添加することで、配向膜側チルト角をより軽減して、アゾ色素分子を安定的に水平配向状態にすることができる。
なお、重合のための光照射エネルギーの値等については、特開2001-91741号公報の段落[0050]~[0051]の記載を参照することができる。
本発明の光吸収異方性膜の製造には、配向膜を利用するのが好ましい。本発明に利用される配向膜は、当該配向膜上で、前記液晶性アゾ色素の分子を所望の配向状態とすることができるのであれば、どのような層でもよい。有機化合物(好ましくはポリマー)の膜表面へのラビング処理、無機化合物の斜方蒸着、マイクログルーブを有する層の形成、あるいはラングミュア・ブロジェット法(LB膜)による有機化合物(例、ω-トリコサン酸、ジオクタデシルメチルアンモニウムクロライド、ステアリル酸メチル)の累積のような手段で、設けることができる。さらに、電場の付与、磁場の付与あるいは光照射により、配向機能が生じる配向膜も知られている。中でも、本発明では、配向膜のプレチルト角の制御し易さの点からはラビング処理により形成する配向膜が好ましく、配向の均一性の点からは光照射により形成する光配向膜が好ましい。
ラビング処理により形成される配向膜に用いられるポリマー材料としては、多数の文献に記載があり、多数の市販品を入手することができる。本発明の配向膜ではポリビニルアルコール又はポリイミド、及びその誘導体が好ましく用いられる。配向膜についてはWO01/88574A1号公報の43頁24行~49頁8行の記載を参照することができる。
配向膜の厚さは、0.01~10μmであることが好ましく、0.01~1μmであることがさらに好ましい。
ラビング密度を変える方法としては、「液晶便覧」(丸善社発行)に記載されている方法を用いることができる。ラビング密度(L)は、下記式(A)で定量化されている。
式(A) L=Nl(1+2πrn/60v)
式(A)中、Nはラビング回数、lはラビングローラーの接触長、rはローラーの半径、nはローラーの回転数(rpm)、vはステージ移動速度(秒速)である。
ラビング密度と配向膜のプレチルト角との間には、ラビング密度を高くするとプレチルト角は小さくなり、ラビング密度を低くするとプレチルト角は大きくなる関係がある。
光照射により形成される配向膜に用いられる光配向材料としては、多数の文献等に記載がある。本発明の配向膜では、例えば、特開2006-285197号公報、特開2007-76839号公報、特開2007-138138号公報、特開2007-94071号公報、特開2007-121721号公報、特開2007-140465号公報、特開2007-156439号公報、特開2007-133184号公報、特開2009-109831号公報、特許第3883848号、特許第4151746号に記載のアゾ化合物、特開2002-229039号公報に記載の芳香族エステル化合物、特開2002-265541号公報、特開2002-317013号公報に記載の光配向性単位を有するマレイミド及び/又はアルケニル置換ナジイミド化合物、特許第4205195号、特許第4205198号に記載の光架橋性シラン誘導体、特表2003-520878号公報、特表2004-529220号公報、特許第4162850号に記載の光架橋性ポリイミド、ポリアミド、又はエステルが好ましい例として挙げられる。特に好ましくは、アゾ化合物、光架橋性ポリイミド、ポリアミド、又はエステルである。
本明細書において、「直線偏光照射」とは、前記光配向材料に光反応を生じせしめるための操作である。用いる光の波長は、用いる光配向材料により異なり、その光反応に必要な波長であれば特に限定されるものではない。好ましくは、光照射に用いる光のピーク波長が200nm~700nmであり、より好ましくは光のピーク波長が400nm以下の紫外光である。
非偏光を利用する場合には、斜めから非偏光を照射する。その入射角度は、10~80°、好ましくは20~60、特に好ましくは30~50°である。
照射時間は好ましくは1分~60分、さらに好ましくは1分~10分である。
前記基板と前記光吸収異方性膜との間に配向膜を有していてもよい。配向膜の例、形成に利用される材料、及び形成方法については、上記の通りである。
また、前記基板と前記光吸収異方性膜との間に、カラーフィルタ層を有していてもよい。カラーフィルタ層の他、透明導電膜、カラーフィルタ膜、電極、TFT等の他の機能層を有していてもよい。また、各画素を隔離するブラックマトリクスが形成されていてもよい。
また、光吸収異方性膜の上に、透明樹脂硬化層を有していてもよい。透明樹脂硬化層の形成に利用される材料、及び形成方法については、上記の通りである。
本発明は、本発明の光吸収異方性膜(偏光膜)を少なくとも一つ具備する、液晶表示装置等の表示装置にも関する。その構成等については特に制限はない。具体的には、TN、STN、VA、ECB、IPS、もしくはOCB等の種々のモードの透過型、反射型、又は半透過型の液晶表示装置、OLEDなどが挙げられる。特に好ましくは、本発明の光吸収異方性膜を、基板の内面側に設置してなる、いわゆる、インセル偏光子、として有する表示装置であり、さらに好ましくは、カラーフィルタ基板に、本発明の光吸収異方性膜を積層してなる表示装置である。かかる構成にすることにより、カラーフィルタ層による偏光解消に起因して生じる散乱光によるコントラストの低下を軽減することができる。
[合成例1]
本発明の化合物の合成例を以下に示すが、これ以外の色素についても同様の方法で合成できる。尚、本文中「部」とは質量基準である。また、スキーム中のMeはメチル基を、Etはエチル基を、Acはアセチル基を表す。また、以下の合成例中、各特性に関する測定は下記の通り実施した。
<吸収極大波長>
色素のN-メチルピロリドン溶媒中の吸収極大波長は、分光光度計UV-2550(島津製作所社製)で測定した。
<相転移温度>
相転移温度はDSC測定装置(セイコーインスツル社製)を用いた熱分析と、偏光顕微鏡を用いた目視観察により決定した。
以下の合成スキームで例示化合物A-4を合成した。
4-メトキシフェノール12.4部と炭酸カリウム41.5部、ヨウ化ナトリウム16.5部を50mlのジメチルアセトアミドに溶解し、そこにトリエチレングリコールモノクロロヒドリン18.5部を添加し、70℃で1時間撹拌した。反応が完結したことを確認した後に、室温に戻し、150mlの水を加え、150mlの酢酸エチルで抽出した。硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、濃縮した後に、カラムクロマトグラフィーで単離精製し、21.5部の化合物3を得た。
4.84部の化合物4を48mlのトルエンに溶解し、そこに亜リン酸トリエチル4.29mlを加え、還流下5時間撹拌した。反応が完結したことを確認した後に、トルエンを留去し、化合物5を粗生成物として得た。
油性水素化ナトリウム(含有量50~72%)0.19部をトルエン5ml中に溶解し、そこに化合物5(粗生成物)1.20部をトルエン5ml中に溶解させたものを窒素雰囲気下、滴下した。水素の発泡を確認した後、1.24部の化合物2をトルエン5mlに溶解させたものを滴下し、50℃で1時間撹拌した。室温まで冷却した後、メタノール20mlを加え、析出した生成物をろ過し、メタノールで洗浄を行い、乾燥した。乾燥後、1.04部の例示化合物A-4を得た。
また、例示化合物A-4の1H‐NMR(CDCl3)の詳細は、7.90(t,8H)、7.68(d,4H)、7.60(m,2H)、7.20(m,4H)、7.00(d,4H)、4.28(t,2H)、4.14(t,4H)、3.95(m,5H)、3.80(m,2H)、3.73(m,4H)、3.61(m,2H)、2.32(s,1H)、1.72(m,4H)、1.49(m,4H)、1.35(m,8H)、0.93(t,6H)であった。
例示化合物A-4は液晶性を有しており、133℃~299℃の範囲でネマチック液晶性が確認された。また、偏光顕微鏡での観察により二色性色素であることが確認された。
合成例1におけるトリエチレングリコールモノクロロヒドリンを、トリエチレングリコールモノクロロモノメチルエーテルに変更した以外は、合成例1と同様にして、例示化合物A-3を合成した。
例示化合物A-3のN-メチルピロリドン溶媒中でのλmaxは463.3nmであった。
また、例示化合物A-3の1H‐NMR(CDCl3)の詳細は、7.91(t,8H)、7.69(d,4H)、7.60(m,2H)、7.20(m,4H)、7.00(d,4H)、4.28(t,2H)、4.14(t,4H)、3.95(m,5H)、3.80(m,2H)、3.73(m,2H)、3.65(m,2H)、3.55(m,2H)、3.32(s,3H)、1.72(m,4H)、1.49(m,4H)、1.35(m,8H)、0.93(t,6H)であった。
例示化合物A-3は液晶性を有しており、138℃~284℃の範囲でネマチック液晶性が確認された。また、偏光顕微鏡での観察により二色性色素であることが確認された。
合成例1におけるトリエチレングリコールモノクロロヒドリンを1-ヨード-n-オクタデカンに変更した以外は、合成例1と同様にして、例示化合物A-9を合成した。
例示化合物A-9のN-メチルピロリドン溶媒中でのλmaxは460.0nmであった。
また、例示化合物A-9の1H‐NMR(CDCl3)の詳細は、7.91(t,8H)、7.69(d,4H)、7.60(m,2H)、7.20(m,4H)、7.00(d,4H)、4.08(m,6H)、4.00(s,3H)、1.80(m,6H)、1.52(m,6H)、1.40(m,14H)、1.25(m,22H)、0.93(t,9H)であった。
例示化合物A-9は液晶性を有しており、148℃~212℃の範囲でネマチック液晶性が確認された。また、偏光顕微鏡での観察により二色性色素であることが確認された。
合成例1における4-メトキシフェノールをハイドロキノンに変更した以外は、合成例1と同様にして、例示化合物A-10を合成した。
例示化合物A-10のN-メチルピロリドン溶媒中でのλmaxは457.5nmであった。
また、例示化合物A-10の1H‐NMR(CDCl3)の詳細は、7.90(t,8H)、7.65(d,4H)、7.58(d,2H)、7.20(m,4H)、7.00(d,4H)、4.28(t,4H)、4.05(t,4H)、3.95(t,4H)、3.80(t,4H)、3.71(t,4H)、3.64(t,4H)、3.52(t,4H)、3.33(s,6H)、1.71(m,4H)、1.49(m,4H)、1.34(m,8H)、0.91(t,6H)であった。
例示化合物A-10は液晶性を有しており、110℃~201℃の範囲でネマチック液晶性が確認された。また、偏光顕微鏡での観察により二色性色素であることが確認された。
1.00部の例示化合物A-4及び0.76部のピリジンをテトラヒドロフラン 20mlに溶解し、0℃に冷却した後に、0.89部のアクリル酸クロライドを滴下した。反応液を室温で3時間撹拌した後に、アセトニトリル20mlを滴下し、析出した生成物をろ過し、アセトニトリルで洗浄を行い、乾燥した。乾燥後、0.86部の例示化合物A-6を得た。
例示化合物A-6のN-メチルピロリドン溶媒中でのλmaxは460.6nmであった。
また、例示化合物A-6の1H‐NMR(CDCl3)の詳細は、7.90(t,8H)、7.68(d,4H)、7.58(m,2H)、7.20(m,4H)、7.00(d,4H)、6.59(d,1H)、6.10(d,1H)、5.78(d,1H)、4.29(m,4H)、4.05(t,4H)、3.95(m,5H)、3.75(m,6H)、1.80(m,4H)、1.49(m,4H)、1.34(m,8H)、0.91(t,6H)であった。
例示化合物A-6は液晶性を有しており、113℃~275℃の範囲でネマチック液晶性が確認された。また、偏光顕微鏡での観察により二色性色素であることが確認された。
1.00部の例示化合物A-4をトルエン20mlに溶解したものに、0.63部のコハク酸無水物を添加し、還流下2時間撹拌した。反応液を室温に冷却した後に、析出した生成物をろ過し、メタノールで洗浄を行い、乾燥した。乾燥後、0.91部の例示化合物A-7を得た。
例示化合物A-7のN-メチルピロリドン溶媒中でのλmaxは460.2nmであった。
また、例示化合物A-7の1H‐NMR(CDCl3)の詳細は、7.90(t,8H)、7.68(d,4H)、7.58(m,2H)、7.20(m,4H)、7.00(d,4H)、4.28(m,4H)、4.03(t,4H)、3.97(m,5H)、3.81(m,2H)、3.69(m,5H)、2.60(m,6H)、1.81(m,4H)、1.49(m,4H)、1.34(m,8H)、0.91(t,6H)であった。
例示化合物A-7は液晶性を有しており、135℃~270℃の範囲でネマチック液晶性が確認された。また、偏光顕微鏡での観察により二色性色素であることが確認された。
合成例1における4-メトキシフェノールをジメチルハイドロキノンに変更した以外は、合成例1と同様にして、例示化合物A-34を得た。
例示化合物A-34のN-メチルピロリドン溶媒中でのλmaxは463.4nmであった。
また、例示化合物A-34の1H‐NMR(CDCl3)の詳細は、7.90(t,8H)、7.64(d,4H)、7.58(d,2H)、7.18(m,4H)、7.02(d,4H)、4.07(t,4H)、3.90(s,6H)、1.73(m,4H)、1.49(m,4H)、1.33(m,8H)、0.90(t,6H)であった。
例示化合物A-4は液晶性を有しており、133℃~299℃の範囲でネマチック液晶性が確認された。また、偏光顕微鏡での観察により二色性色素であることが確認された。
例示化合物A-34は液晶性を有しており、247℃以上でネマチック液晶性が確認され、加熱限界の300℃においてもネマチック液晶性を有していた。また、偏光顕微鏡での観察により二色性色素であることが確認された。
これらの化合物についてクロロホルムに対する溶解性を測定した。なお、比較用二色性アゾ系色素として、対称ポリアゾ骨格を有する下記の比較化合物1についても同様にクロロホルムに対する溶解性を測定した。なお、下記比較化合物1は、220℃以上でネマチック液晶性となるアゾ系二色性色素である。
この結果から、合成例1~7で合成した式(I)の化合物は、比較化合物1である対称型ポリアゾ色素と比較して、溶解性が改善されていることが理解でき、中でも、R1及びR2の一方が、短鎖の置換基で、且つ他方が長鎖の置換基であると、溶解性がさらに改善され、長鎖の置換基が、ポリオキシエチレン鎖を含んでいると、溶解性がさらに改善されることが理解できる。
次に合成例1~6で合成した化合物を用いて光吸収異方性膜を作製した。
具体的には、クロロホルム99質量部に合成例1~6で合成した化合物をそれぞれ1質量部加え、撹拌溶解後濾過して、液晶性組成物塗布液を得た。次に、ガラス基板上に形成し、ラビングした配向膜上に、前記塗布液を塗布し、この後、室温でクロロホルム自然乾燥して光吸収異方性膜をそれぞれ得た。配向膜としては、下記ポリビニルアルコールを使用した。
<二色比>
二色比は、ヨウ素系偏光素子を入射光学系に配した分光光度計で光吸収異方性膜の吸光度を測定した後、次式により計算した。
二色比(D)=Az/Ay
Az:光吸収異方性膜の吸収軸方向の偏光に対する吸光度
Ay:光吸収異方性膜の偏光軸方向の偏光に対する吸光度
<配向秩序度>
配向秩序度は、二色比より次式により計算した。
配向秩序度(S)=(D-1)/(D+2)
また、作製した各光吸収異方性膜を室温から200℃まで昇温しながら、10mWの光を照射し、吸収強度の変化より、光安定性を判断した。
化合物を下記比較化合物2にそれぞれ変更した以外、実施例と同様に光吸収異方性膜を作製した。得られた各光吸収異方性膜の配向秩序度と光安定性の測定結果を表1に示す。
なお、比較化合物2は、上記非特許文献5に記載の化合物であり、ネマチック液晶性を有し、溶解性も良好であったが、光安定性が悪く、加熱時での光照射によって、速やかに退色することが確かめられた。
なお、上記比較化合物1についても光吸収異方性膜の作製を試みたが、比較化合物1は、クロロホルムに対してほとんど溶解しないため、塗布液の調製ができなかった。
一方、比較化合物2は、耐光性が悪く、そもそも吸収波長が432.5nmであり、二色性色素としては、発色が不十分である。
クロロホルム99質量部に例示化合物A-3を0.2部、下記色素1を0.4部及び色素2を0.4部加え、撹拌溶解後濾過して液晶性組成物塗布液を得た。次に、ガラス基板上に形成しラビングした配向膜上に、前記塗布液を塗布し、この後、室温でクロロホルム自然乾燥した。配向膜としては、実施例1で用いたものと同じものを使用した。
Claims (11)
- 下記一般式(I)で表される液晶性化合物:
- 一般式(I)中のR1が、水素原子、C1~C10のアルキル基、又はC1~C9のアルコキシ基を表し、R2が-L2-Yで表される置換基を表し、但し、L2は、C5~C30のアルキレン基を表し、アルキレン基中に存在する1個のCH2基又は隣接していない2個以上のCH2基はそれぞれ-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-OCOO-、-CO-、-S-、-SO2-、-NR-、-NRSO2-、又は-SO2NR-(Rは水素原子又は炭素数1~4のアルキル基を表す)に置換されていてもよく;Yは、水素原子、ヒドロキシ基、アルコキシ基、カルボキシル基、ハロゲン原子又は重合性基を表す請求項1に記載の液晶性化合物。
- 一般式(I)中のL1が、ビニレン基である請求項1に記載の液晶性化合物。
- 一般式(I)中のL2が、-(OCH2CH2)p-(但し、pは3以上の数を表す)で表される基を含む請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の液晶性化合物。
- 一般式(I)中のYが、重合性基である請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の液晶性化合物。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の液晶性化合物を含有する液晶性組成物。
- さらに1種以上の二色性色素を含有する請求項6に記載の液晶性組成物。
- 請求項6又は7に記載の液晶性組成物からなる膜。
- 請求項6又は7に記載の液晶性組成物からなる光吸収異方性膜。
- 光源としてC光源を用いたときの透過光が、xy色度図において、0.28<x<0.36、0.28<y<0.36を満足する請求項9に記載の光吸収異方性膜。
- 請求項9又は10に記載の光吸収異方性膜を有する液晶表示装置。
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US13/638,327 US9011988B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2011-03-28 | Liquid-crystal compound, liquid-crystal composition, light absorption anisotropic film, and liquid-crystal display device |
EP11765520A EP2554536A1 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2011-03-28 | Liquid crystalline compound, liquid crystalline composition, anisotropically light-absorbing film, and liquid crystal display device |
KR1020127027716A KR101653948B1 (ko) | 2010-03-31 | 2011-03-28 | 액정성 화합물, 액정성 조성물, 광흡수 이방성막, 및 액정 표시 장치 |
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JP5566160B2 (ja) | 2014-08-06 |
JP2011213610A (ja) | 2011-10-27 |
CN102822142A (zh) | 2012-12-12 |
KR101653948B1 (ko) | 2016-09-05 |
CN102822142B (zh) | 2014-11-12 |
US20130187090A1 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
US9011988B2 (en) | 2015-04-21 |
KR20130090753A (ko) | 2013-08-14 |
EP2554536A1 (en) | 2013-02-06 |
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