WO2011033815A1 - 有機熱伝導性添加剤、樹脂組成物および硬化物 - Google Patents
有機熱伝導性添加剤、樹脂組成物および硬化物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011033815A1 WO2011033815A1 PCT/JP2010/057390 JP2010057390W WO2011033815A1 WO 2011033815 A1 WO2011033815 A1 WO 2011033815A1 JP 2010057390 W JP2010057390 W JP 2010057390W WO 2011033815 A1 WO2011033815 A1 WO 2011033815A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
- C08G63/18—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the acids or hydroxy compounds containing carbocyclic rings
- C08G63/181—Acids containing aromatic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/38—Polymers
- C09K19/3804—Polymers with mesogenic groups in the main chain
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/14—Solid materials, e.g. powdery or granular
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel organic thermal conductive additive that has excellent thermal conductivity and can impart thermal conductivity to plastics. Specifically, unlike inorganic heat conductive fillers such as ceramics, metals, and carbon materials, it is an organic polymer, but it can be given thermal conductivity by adding it to plastics.
- the present invention relates to an organic thermally conductive additive that can be reduced in weight without deteriorating mold wear and electrical insulation, and has good moldability of the composition.
- thermoplastic resin composition When a thermoplastic resin composition is used in various applications such as personal computers and display housings, electronic device materials, automotive interiors and exteriors, plastic is generated because it has lower thermal conductivity than inorganic materials such as metal materials. Difficult to escape heat can be a problem. In order to solve such problems, attempts have been widely made to obtain a high thermal conductive resin composition by blending a large amount of a high thermal conductive inorganic substance in a thermoplastic resin. As the high thermal conductivity inorganic compound, it is necessary to blend a high thermal conductivity inorganic material such as graphite, carbon fiber, alumina, boron nitride, etc. into the resin with a high content of usually 30% by volume or more, and further 50% by volume or more. There is.
- thermosetting resin excellent in the thermal conductivity of a single resin for example, an epoxy resin described in Patent Document 1 or Patent Document 2 or a bismaleimide resin described in Patent Document 3 has been reported.
- these resins exhibit thermosetting properties, they do not melt even at the molding process temperature of the resin, and cannot meet the problem of improving the molding processability of the resin composition.
- thermoplastic resins there are research examples that give high thermal conductivity in a specific direction by adopting special molding methods such as stretching and magnetic field orientation during injection molding, but these technologies add organic thermal conductivity It cannot be applied as an agent.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an organic thermal conductive additive in which a single resin is excellent in thermal conductivity, easy to manufacture, and exhibits thermoplasticity.
- the present inventor has found that a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin having a specific structure and excellent thermal conductivity as a single resin has good characteristics as an organic thermal conductive additive. It came.
- the organic heat conductive additive of this invention has the following structures.
- the main chain is mainly composed of repeating units represented by the following general formula (1), mainly has a chain structure, and the thermal conductivity of the resin alone is 0.45 W / (m ⁇ K) or more.
- the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin of the present invention exhibits high thermal conductivity with a single resin, unlike inorganic thermal conductive fillers such as ceramics, metals and carbon materials, it is an organic polymer, but it can be added to plastics to achieve thermal conductivity. Addition of organic thermal conductivity, such as adding a large amount to a resin, reducing the mold wear and electrical insulation of the composition without reducing its weight and improving the moldability of the composition. Useful as an agent.
- the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin in the organic thermal conductive additive of the present invention is characterized in that the main chain is mainly composed of a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1) and mainly has a chain structure. . -M-Sp- . . . (1) (In the formula, M represents a mesogenic group, and Sp represents a spacer.)
- the term “mainly” as used in the present invention means that the amount of the general formula (1) contained in the main chain of the molecular chain is 50 mol% or more, preferably 70 mol% or more, and more preferably 90 mol%, based on all structural units. % Or more, and most preferably essentially 100 mol%. When it is less than 50 mol%, the crystallinity of the resin is lowered, and the thermal conductivity may be lowered.
- the resin of the present invention has extremely high symmetry and has a structure in which a rigid straight chain is bound by a bent chain, so that the molecular orientation is high, the formed higher order structure is dense, and has excellent thermal conductivity.
- the thermal conductivity of the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin in the organic thermal conductive additive of the present invention is usually 0.45 W / (m ⁇ K) or more, preferably 0.6 W / (m ⁇ K) or more.
- the upper limit of the thermal conductivity is not particularly limited and is preferably as high as possible. Generally, values of 30 W / (m ⁇ K) or less, and further 10 W / (m ⁇ K) or less can be exemplified.
- thermoplastic resin that does not have a repeating structure of units composed of a mesogenic group and a spacer is not preferable because it generally has a low thermal conductivity.
- the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin in the organic thermal conductive additive of the present invention is preferably a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin having a thermal conductivity of 0.45 W / (m ⁇ K) or more as a single resin.
- a specific method for measuring the thermal conductivity there is a method in which a sample made of a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin in a disc shape having a thickness of 6 mm ⁇ 20 mm ⁇ is measured by a hot disk method.
- the mesogenic group contained in the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin in the organic thermal conductive additive of the present invention means a rigid and highly oriented substituent.
- Preferred mesogenic groups include the following general formula: -A 1 -xA 2- (A 1 and A 2 each independently represent a substituent selected from an aromatic group, a condensed aromatic group, an alicyclic group, and an alicyclic heterocyclic group.
- a 1 and A 2 each independently represent a hydrocarbon group having a benzene ring having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon group having a naphthalene ring having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, or a biphenyl structure having 12 to 24 carbon atoms.
- a 1 and A 2 are each independently a hydrocarbon group having 1 or 2 benzene rings, a hydrocarbon group having 1 or 2 naphthalene rings, a hydrocarbon group having 1 or 2 biphenyl structure, 2 A hydrocarbon group having three, three, four, five or six benzene rings, a hydrocarbon group having a condensed aromatic group having 12 to 36 carbon atoms, or an alicyclic heterocyclic group having 4 to 36 carbon atoms It is preferable that it is selected from.
- a 1 and A 2 include phenylene, biphenylene, naphthylene, anthracenylene, cyclohexyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, thiophenylene, and the like. These may be unsubstituted or may be a derivative having a substituent such as an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a halogen group, a cyano group, or a nitro group.
- mesogenic groups include biphenyl, terphenyl, quarterphenyl, stilbene, diphenyl ether, 1,2-diphenylethylene, diphenylacetylene, benzophenone, phenylbenzoate, phenylbenzamide, azobenzene, 2-naphthoate, phenyl-2-naphthoate, and Examples thereof include a divalent group having a structure in which two hydrogen atoms are removed from these derivatives. Of these, a direct bond is preferable, and a mesogenic group represented by the following general formula (3) is more preferable.
- This mesogenic group is rigid and highly oriented due to its structure, and is easily available or synthesized. Specific examples include biphenyl, terphenyl, and quarterphenyl.
- the mesogenic group contained in the resin may contain a crosslinkable substituent.
- the spacer contained in the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin in the organic thermal conductive additive means a flexible molecular chain.
- the number of main chain atoms of the spacer of the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin is preferably 4 to 28, more preferably 6 to 24, and still more preferably 8 to 20 (here, the number of main chain atoms of 4 is, for example, (Refers to the structure “—C—C—C—C—”).
- the molecular structure of the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin has sufficient flexibility, and high crystallinity and good thermal conductivity are preferable.
- the type of atoms constituting the main chain of the spacer is not particularly limited, and any type can be used, but at least one type of atom selected from C, H, O, S, and N is preferred.
- R represents a divalent substituent which may contain a branch having 2 to 20 main chain atoms.
- R is usually a chain saturated hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a saturated hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 3 ring structures having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or 1 having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R is preferably a straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon chain that does not contain a branch.
- R may be saturated or unsaturated, but is preferably a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon chain because the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin has appropriate flexibility.
- the unit exceeding 50% by weight is preferably a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, and most preferably it does not contain an unsaturated bond.
- R preferably has 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 18 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 6 to 16 carbon atoms.
- R is preferably a straight-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having these carbon numbers, and among them, the number of carbons is even. Is preferred. In the case of an even number, since the mesogenic groups are arranged more regularly, the thermal conductivity tends to be high.
- R is at least one selected from — (CH 2 ) 8 —, — (CH 2 ) 10 —, and — (CH 2 ) 12 — from the viewpoint of obtaining a resin having excellent thermal conductivity.
- y and z are groups for bonding the substituent R to the mesogenic group.
- spacers having such a group —CO—O—R—O—CO— and —O—CO—R—CO—O— are preferable from the viewpoint of obtaining a resin having excellent thermal conductivity, O—CO—R—CO—O— is particularly preferred.
- repeating unit constituting the main chain of the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin used in the organic thermal conductive additive of the present invention the following are preferable. 1. -A 1 -xA 2 -yRz- 2. A combination of a mesogenic group represented by the general formula (3) and a spacer represented by -yRz-.
- the number average molecular weight of the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin in the organic thermal conductive additive of the present invention is based on polystyrene, and the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin used in the present invention is a 1: 2 Vol ratio of p-chlorophenol and o-dichlorobenzene. It is a value that can be measured by GPC at 80 ° C. using a solution prepared by dissolving in a mixed solvent to a concentration of 0.25 wt%.
- the number average molecular weight of the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin used in the present invention is preferably 3000 to 40000, more preferably 5000 to 30000, and most preferably 7000 to 20000. When the number average molecular weight is within these ranges, even if the resin has the same primary structure, the thermal conductivity is increased. Therefore, when the preferred number average molecular weight is less than 3000 or greater than 40000, the resin having the same primary structure is used. In some cases, the thermal conductivity may be less than 0.45 W / (m ⁇ K).
- the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin used as the organic thermal conductive additive of the present invention preferably contains lamellar crystals.
- the amount of lamellar crystals can be used as an index of crystallinity. The more lamellar crystals, the higher the crystallinity.
- the lamellar crystal corresponds to a plate-like crystal in which long chain molecules are folded and arranged in parallel. Whether or not such crystals exist in the resin can be easily determined by observation with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) or X-ray diffraction.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the ratio of lamellar crystals forming the continuous phase can be calculated by directly observing a sample stained with RuO 4 with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- a sample for TEM observation a part of a molded sample having a thickness of 6 mm ⁇ 20 mm ⁇ is cut out, stained with RuO 4, and then an ultrathin section having a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m prepared by a microtome is used. It shall be.
- the prepared slice is observed with a TEM at an accelerating voltage of 100 kV, and a lamellar crystal region can be determined from the obtained 40,000-fold scale photograph (20 cm ⁇ 25 cm).
- the boundary of the region can be determined by using the lamellar crystal region as a region where periodic contrast exists.
- the ratio of the lamella crystals is calculated as a ratio of the lamella crystal region to the entire area of the photograph. Moreover, in order for resin itself to have high thermal conductivity, it is preferable that the ratio of a lamellar crystal is 10 Vol% or more.
- the ratio of lamellar crystals is more preferably 20 Vol% or more, further preferably 30 Vol% or more, and particularly preferably 40 Vol% or more.
- the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin of the present invention preferably contains crystals.
- the crystallinity of the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin is preferably 7% or more.
- the degree of crystallinity is more preferably 14% or more, further preferably 21% or more, and particularly preferably 28% or more.
- the density of the resin itself is preferably 1.1 g / cm 3 or more, more preferably 1.13 g / cm 3 or more. It is preferably 1.16 g / cm 3 or more.
- a high resin density means that the content of lamellar crystals is high, that is, the degree of crystallinity is high.
- the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin used in the present invention preferably has an isotropic high thermal conductivity.
- a method for measuring whether or not the thermal conductivity is isotropic for example, a sample in which a thermoplastic resin is made into a disk shape having a thickness of 1 mm ⁇ 25.4 mm ⁇ , the thickness direction by the Xe flash method, A method of separately measuring the thermal conductivity in the plane direction is mentioned.
- the thermal conductivity of the thermoplastic resin according to the present invention is isotropically high, and the thermal conductivity in the thickness direction and the plane direction measured by the above measurement method is 0.3 W / (m ⁇ K) or more. is there.
- the organic heat conductive additive of the present invention may be produced by any known method. From the viewpoint that the control of the structure is simple, a method of reacting a compound having a reactive functional group at both ends of the mesogenic group with a compound having a reactive functional group at both ends of the substituent R is preferable.
- a reactive functional group known groups such as a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxy group, an amino group, a vinyl group, an epoxy group, and a cyano group can be used, and the conditions for reacting these are not particularly limited.
- a compound having a hydroxyl group at both ends of the mesogenic group and a compound having a carboxyl group at both ends of the substituent R, or a compound having a carboxyl group at both ends of the mesogenic group and the substituent R A production method in which a compound having a hydroxyl group at both ends is reacted is preferred.
- thermoplastic resin comprising a compound having a hydroxyl group at both ends of a mesogenic group and a compound having a carboxyl group at both ends of the substituent R is as follows.
- a method in which a fatty acid is individually or collectively converted into an acetate ester and then subjected to a deacetic acid polycondensation reaction with a compound having a carboxyl group at both ends of the substituent R in another reaction tank or the same reaction tank. Can be mentioned.
- the polycondensation reaction is preferably carried out in the substantial absence of a solvent.
- the reaction temperature is usually 200 to 350 ° C., more preferably 230 to 330 ° C., particularly preferably 250 to 300 ° C. Further, it is preferably carried out in the presence of an inert gas such as nitrogen and under normal pressure or reduced pressure for 0.5 to 5 hours. If the reaction temperature is too low, the reaction proceeds slowly, and if it is too high, side reactions such as decomposition tend to occur.
- a multi-stage reaction temperature may be employed, and in some cases, the reaction product can be withdrawn in a molten state and recovered as soon as the temperature rises or reaches the maximum temperature.
- the obtained liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin may be used as it is, or it may be subjected to solid phase polymerization in order to remove unreacted raw materials or to increase physical properties.
- the obtained liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin is mechanically pulverized into particles having a particle size of 3 mm or less, preferably 1 mm or less, and in a solid state, nitrogen or the like is not used at 250 to 350 ° C.
- the treatment is preferably carried out in an active gas atmosphere or under reduced pressure for 1 to 20 hours. If the particle size of the polymer particles is 3 mm or more, the treatment is not sufficient, and problems with physical properties are caused, which is not preferable. It is preferable to select the treatment temperature and the rate of temperature increase during solid-phase polymerization so that the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin particles do not cause fusion.
- Examples of the lower fatty acid anhydride used in the production of the organic thermal conductive additive of the present invention include lower fatty acid anhydrides having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, such as acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, monochloroacetic anhydride, anhydrous Dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic anhydride, monobromoacetic anhydride, dibromoacetic anhydride, tribromoacetic anhydride, monofluoroacetic anhydride, difluoroacetic anhydride, trifluoroacetic anhydride, butyric anhydride, isobutyric anhydride, valeric anhydride, pivalic anhydride, etc.
- lower fatty acid anhydrides having 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, monochloroacetic anhydride, anhydrous Dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic anhydride, monobromoacetic anhydride
- acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, and trichloroacetic anhydride are particularly preferably used.
- the amount of the lower fatty acid anhydride used is 1.01 to 1.50 times equivalent, preferably 1.02 to 1.2 times equivalent to the total of the hydroxyl groups of the mesogenic groups used.
- other production methods for reacting a compound having a carboxyl group at both ends of a mesogenic group with a compound having a hydroxyl group at both ends of the substituent R see, for example, JP-A-2-258864.
- the terminal structure of the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin of the present invention is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint that a resin suitable for a thermal conductivity-imparting agent such as little coloring can be obtained, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, an acyl group
- the end is preferably sealed with an alkoxy group or the like.
- the terminal has a highly reactive functional group such as an epoxy group or a maleimide group, the resin becomes thermosetting and the injection moldability may be impaired.
- the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin of the present invention may be copolymerized with other monomers to such an extent that the effect is not lost.
- aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, aromatic dicarboxylic acids, aromatic diols, aromatic hydroxyamines, aromatic diamines, aromatic aminocarboxylic acids or caprolactams, caprolactones, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, aliphatic diols, aliphatic diamines examples include alicyclic dicarboxylic acids, and alicyclic diols, aromatic mercaptocarboxylic acids, aromatic dithiols, and aromatic mercaptophenols.
- aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid examples include 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid, 2-hydroxy-5-naphthoic acid, 2-hydroxy -7-naphthoic acid, 2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid, 4'-hydroxyphenyl-4-benzoic acid, 3'-hydroxyphenyl-4-benzoic acid, 4'-hydroxyphenyl-3-benzoic acid and their Examples thereof include alkyl, alkoxy, and halogen-substituted products.
- aromatic dicarboxylic acid examples include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-dicarboxybiphenyl, 3 , 4′-dicarboxybiphenyl, 4,4 ′′ -dicarboxyterphenyl, bis (4-carboxyphenyl) ether, bis (4-carboxyphenoxy) butane, bis (4-carboxyphenyl) ethane, bis (3- Carboxyphenyl) ether and bis (3-carboxyphenyl) ethane and the like, alkyl, alkoxy or halogen substituted products thereof.
- aromatic diol examples include hydroquinone, resorcin, 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,6-dihydroxynaphthalene, 3,3′-dihydroxybiphenyl, and 3,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl.
- aromatic hydroxyamine examples include 4-aminophenol, N-methyl-4-aminophenol, 3-aminophenol, 3-methyl-4-aminophenol, 4-amino-1-naphthol, 4-amino- 4'-hydroxybiphenyl, 4-amino-4'-hydroxybiphenyl ether, 4-amino-4'-hydroxybiphenylmethane, 4-amino-4'-hydroxybiphenyl sulfide and 2,2'-diaminobinaphthyl and their alkyls , Alkoxy or halogen-substituted products.
- aromatic diamine and aromatic aminocarboxylic acid include 1,4-phenylenediamine, 1,3-phenylenediamine, N-methyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, N, N′-dimethyl-1,4. -Phenylenediamine, 4,4'-diaminophenyl sulfide (thiodianiline), 4,4'-diaminobiphenylsulfone, 2,5-diaminotoluene, 4,4'-ethylenedianiline, 4,4'-diaminobiphenoxyethane 4,4′-diaminobiphenylmethane (methylenedianiline), 4,4′-diaminobiphenyl ether (oxydianiline), 4-aminobenzoic acid, 3-aminobenzoic acid, 6-amino-2-naphthoic acid and 7-amino-2-naphthoic acid and alkyl, alkoxy or halogen substituted products thereof And
- aliphatic dicarboxylic acid examples include oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, tetradecanedioic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid Etc.
- aliphatic diamine examples include 1,2-ethylenediamine, 1,3-trimethylenediamine, 1,4-tetramethylenediamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, 1,8-octanediamine, 1,9- Nonanediamine, 1,10-decanediamine, 1,12-dodecanediamine and the like can be mentioned.
- alicyclic dicarboxylic acid examples include hexahydroterephthalic acid, trans-1,4-cyclohexanediol, cis-1,4-cyclohexanediol, and trans-1,4-cyclohexane.
- aromatic mercaptocarboxylic acid, aromatic dithiol and aromatic mercaptophenol include 4-mercaptobenzoic acid, 2-mercapto-6-naphthoic acid, 2-mercapto-7-naphthoic acid, benzene-1,4- Dithiol, benzene-1,3-dithiol, 2,6-naphthalene-dithiol, 2,7-naphthalene-dithiol, 4-mercaptophenol, 3-mercaptophenol, 6-mercapto-2-hydroxynaphthalene, 7-mercapto-2 -Hydroxynaphthalene and the like, as well as reactive derivatives thereof.
- the organic heat conductive additive of the present invention contains 1 to 10,000 parts by weight of the organic heat conductive additive (A) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the organic polymer (B). Thermal conductivity can be imparted to B).
- a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin can be preferably used.
- a thermoplastic resin and a thermosetting resin can be used in combination.
- the organic polymer (B) may be a synthetic resin or a resin existing in nature.
- thermosetting resin When a thermosetting resin is used as the organic polymer (B) of the present invention, there is no particular limitation, and one or two or more kinds of various thermosetting resins that are well known are optionally selected. It is possible to select and use in combination.
- thermosetting resins include, but are not limited to, conventionally used epoxy resins, silicone resins, cyanate resins, phenol resins, polyimide resins, polyurethane resins, acrylic resins, urea resins, and modified resins thereof. It is not a thing.
- thermoplastic resin composition As the organic polymer (B) of the present invention, various thermoplastic resins can be used.
- Thermoplastic resins include aromatic vinyl resins such as polystyrene, vinyl cyanide resins such as polyacrylonitrile, chlorine resins such as polyvinyl chloride, polymethacrylate resins such as polymethyl methacrylate, and polyacrylic acid.
- Ester resins polyolefin resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene and cyclic polyolefin resins, polyvinyl ester resins such as polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol resins and their derivative resins, polymethacrylic acid resins and polyacrylic acid resins and these Metal salt resins, polyconjugated diene resins, polymers obtained by polymerizing maleic acid and fumaric acid and their derivatives, polymers obtained by polymerizing maleimide compounds, amorphous semi-aromatic polyesters and amorphous Wholly aromatic polyester Any amorphous polyester resin, crystalline polyester resin such as crystalline semi-aromatic polyester and crystalline wholly aromatic polyester, polyamide resin such as aliphatic polyamide, aliphatic-aromatic polyamide and wholly aromatic polyamide, Polycarbonate resin, polyurethane resin, polysulfone resin, polyalkylene oxide resin, cellulose resin, polyphenylene ether resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin
- thermoplastic resins the fact that part or all of the resin is a thermoplastic resin having crystallinity or liquid crystallinity tends to increase the thermal conductivity of the obtained resin composition, It is preferable from the viewpoint that the conductive additive (A) is easily contained in the resin.
- thermoplastic resins having crystallinity or liquid crystallinity are part of the resin such that only a specific block in the molecule of the block or graft copolymer resin is crystalline or liquid crystalline even if the entire resin is crystalline. Only may be crystalline or liquid crystalline. There is no particular limitation on the crystallinity of the resin.
- the thermoplastic resin a polymer alloy of an amorphous resin and a crystalline or liquid crystalline resin can be used. There is no particular limitation on the crystallinity of the resin.
- thermoplastic resins which are part or all of crystalline or liquid crystalline, can be crystallized, but can be used alone or molded under specific molding conditions. Some resins exhibit amorphous properties. When using such a resin, by adjusting the amount and method of addition of the organic thermal conductive additive (A), or by devising a molding method such as stretching or post-crystallization treatment In some cases, part or all of the resin can be crystallized.
- thermoplastic resins having crystallinity or liquid crystallinity preferred resins include crystalline polyester resin, crystalline polyamide resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, liquid crystal polymer, crystalline polyolefin resin, polyolefin block copolymer, etc.
- preferred resins include crystalline polyester resin, crystalline polyamide resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, liquid crystal polymer, crystalline polyolefin resin, polyolefin block copolymer, etc.
- the present invention is not limited to these, and various crystalline resins and liquid crystalline resins can be used.
- the crystalline polyester include polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, polybutylene naphthalate, poly1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate and polyethylene-1,2-bis ( Crystalline properties such as phenoxy) ethane-4,4'-dicarboxylate, polyethylene isophthalate / terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate / isophthalate, polybutylene terephthalate / decane dicarboxylate and polycyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate / isophthalate Copolyester etc. are mentioned.
- polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, polybutylene naphthalate, and poly 1,4-cyclohexylene diene are used from the viewpoints of moldability and mechanical properties. It is preferable to use methylene terephthalate or the like.
- the crystalline polyamide resin include, for example, ring-opening polymer of cyclic lactam, polycondensate of aminocarboxylic acid, polycondensate of dicarboxylic acid and diamine, and specifically nylon 6, nylon. 4, 6, Nylon 6, 6, Nylon 6, 10, Nylon 6, 12, Nylon 11, Nylon 12, and other aliphatic polyamides, poly (metaxylene adipamide), poly (hexamethylene terephthalamide), poly (hexa Methylene isophthalamide), polynonanemethylene terephthalamide, poly (tetramethylene isophthalamide), poly (methylpentamethylene terephthalamide) and other aliphatic-aromatic polyamides, and copolymers thereof.
- the form of copolymerization may be either random or block, but is preferably a random copolymer from the viewpoint of moldability.
- the liquid crystal polymer is a resin that can form an anisotropic molten phase, and preferably has an ester bond.
- a liquid crystal composed of a structural unit selected from an aromatic oxycarbonyl unit, an aromatic dioxy unit, an aromatic and / or aliphatic dicarbonyl unit, an alkylenedioxy unit, etc., and forming an anisotropic melt phase
- a liquid crystalline polyester amide composed of a structural unit selected from the structural unit and an aromatic iminocarbonyl unit, an aromatic diimino unit, an aromatic iminooxy unit, etc., and forming an anisotropic melt phase
- a liquid crystalline polyester comprising a structural unit produced from p-hydroxybenzoic acid and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, a structural unit produced from p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, Structural units generated from acids, aromatic dihydroxy compounds and / or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids Liqui
- the crystalline polyolefin resin examples include polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polyisobutylene, copolymers of these resins with various olefin compounds, and the like.
- a block or graft copolymer of a crystalline resin and an amorphous resin can be used as the crystalline polyolefin resin.
- specific examples of the block copolymer include SEPS resin, SIS resin, SEBS resin, SIBS resin, and the like.
- Specific examples of the graft copolymer include resins described in Japanese Patent Publication “JP-A 2003-147032”.
- a heat stabilizer such as a phenol-based stabilizer, a sulfur-based stabilizer, a phosphorus-based stabilizer, etc., alone or in two or more types It is preferable to add them together with the organic thermal conductive additive (A).
- heat stabilizers, stabilization aids, lubricants, mold release agents, plasticizers, flame retardants, flame retardant aids, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, pigments, dyes are generally well known.
- an antistatic agent, a conductivity imparting agent, a dispersant, a compatibilizing agent, an antibacterial agent and the like may be added alone or in combination of two or more in a range where the effects of the present invention are exhibited.
- an inorganic filler (C) In order to make the organic heat conductive additive of this invention more highly heat conductive, you may add with an inorganic filler (C).
- the amount of the inorganic filler (C) used is preferably 99: 1 to 30:70 by volume ratio of the organic heat conductive additive (A) and the inorganic filler (C), more preferably 90:10 to 40:60, particularly preferably 80:20 to 50:50. If the total volume of (A) and (C) is 100 and the amount of inorganic filler (C) used is less than 1, the effect of improving thermal conductivity may be small. Further, when the volume ratio of (A) to (C) is 30:70 to 0: 100, the mechanical properties may be lowered.
- the inorganic filler (C) known fillers can be widely used.
- the thermal conductivity of the inorganic filler (C) alone is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 W / (m ⁇ K) or more, more preferably 1 W / (m ⁇ K) or more. From the viewpoint that the resulting composition is excellent in thermal conductivity, it is particularly preferable that the composition is a high thermal conductive inorganic compound having a single thermal conductivity of 10 W / (m ⁇ K) or more.
- the thermal conductivity of the high thermal conductivity inorganic compound alone is preferably 12 W / (m ⁇ K) or more, more preferably 15 W / (m ⁇ K) or more, most preferably 20 W / (m ⁇ K) or more, particularly preferably. Is 30 W / (m ⁇ K) or more.
- the upper limit of the thermal conductivity of the high thermal conductivity inorganic compound alone is not particularly limited, and is preferably as high as possible. Generally, it is 3000 W / (m ⁇ K) or less, more preferably 2500 W / (m ⁇ K) or less, Are preferably used.
- a metal compound, a conductive carbon compound, or the like is preferably used as the highly thermally conductive inorganic compound.
- conductive carbon materials such as graphite and carbon fibers, conductive metal powders obtained by atomizing various metals, conductive metal fibers obtained by processing various metals into fibers, soft magnetism
- Highly thermally conductive inorganic compounds such as various ferrites such as ferrite and metal oxides such as zinc oxide can be preferably used.
- the electrical insulating property indicates an electrical resistivity of 1 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, preferably 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, more preferably 10 5 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, and further preferably 10 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more. It is preferable to use one having a thickness of cm or more, most preferably 10 13 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more. There is no particular restriction on the upper limit of the electrical resistivity, generally less 10 18 ⁇ ⁇ cm. It is preferable that the electrical insulation of the molded product obtained from the high thermal conductivity thermoplastic resin composition of the present invention is also in the above range.
- highly thermally conductive inorganic compounds that exhibit electrical insulation include aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, beryllium oxide, copper oxide, cuprous oxide, and other metal oxides, boron nitride, and nitride
- Metal nitrides such as aluminum and silicon nitride, metal carbides such as silicon carbide, metal carbonates such as magnesium carbonate, insulating carbon materials such as diamond, metal hydroxides such as aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, Can be illustrated. These can be used alone or in combination.
- the shape of the high thermal conductivity inorganic compound can be applied in various shapes. For example, particles, fine particles, nanoparticles, aggregated particles, tubes, nanotubes, wires, rods, needles, plates, irregular shapes, rugby balls, hexahedrons, large particles and fine particles are combined Various shapes such as a composite particle shape, a liquid, etc. can be exemplified.
- These high thermal conductivity inorganic compounds may be natural products or synthesized ones. In the case of a natural product, there are no particular limitations on the production area and the like, which can be selected as appropriate.
- These high thermal conductive inorganic compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more different shapes, average particle diameters, types, surface treatment agents, and the like.
- These highly heat-conductive inorganic compounds have been surface-treated with various surface treatment agents such as a silane treatment agent in order to enhance the adhesion at the interface between the resin and the inorganic compound or to facilitate workability. Also good.
- a surface treating agent For example, conventionally well-known things, such as a silane coupling agent and a titanate coupling agent, can be used.
- an epoxy group-containing silane coupling agent such as epoxy silane
- an amino group-containing silane coupling agent such as aminosilane, polyoxyethylene silane, and the like are preferable because they hardly reduce the physical properties of the resin.
- the surface treatment method of the inorganic compound is not particularly limited, and a normal treatment method can be used.
- the organic heat conductive additive of the present invention in addition to the high heat conductive inorganic compound, known inorganic fillers can be widely used depending on the purpose. Since the thermal conductivity of the single resin is high, the resin composition has a high thermal conductivity even if the thermal conductivity of the inorganic compound is relatively low, less than 10 W / (m ⁇ K).
- inorganic fillers other than the high thermal conductivity inorganic compound include diatomaceous earth powder; basic magnesium silicate; calcined clay; fine powder silica; quartz powder; crystalline silica; kaolin; talc; antimony trioxide; Examples thereof include molybdenum sulfide; rock wool; ceramic fiber; inorganic fiber such as asbestos; and glass fillers such as glass fiber, glass powder, glass cloth, and fused silica.
- these fillers for example, it is possible to improve favorable characteristics in applying a resin composition such as thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, or abrasion resistance.
- organic fillers such as paper, pulp, wood, synthetic fibers such as polyamide fiber, aramid fiber, and boron fiber; resin powder such as polyolefin powder; can be used in combination.
- any other component depending on the purpose for example, a reinforcing agent, a thickener, a release agent, a coupling agent, Flame retardants, flame retardants, pigments, colorants, other auxiliaries and the like can be added in combination as long as the effects of the present invention are not lost.
- the amount of these additives used is generally in the range of 0 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the organic thermal conductive additive.
- the method for producing the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin composition of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- it can be produced by drying the above-described components, additives and the like and then melt-kneading them in a melt-kneader such as a single-screw or twin-screw extruder.
- a melt-kneader such as a single-screw or twin-screw extruder.
- a compounding component is a liquid, it can also manufacture by adding to a melt-kneader on the way using a liquid supply pump etc.
- the organic thermal conductive additive of the present invention can be suitably used as an injection molded product, blow molded product, and extrusion molded product because of its excellent thermal conductivity and appearance of the molded product.
- Blow molding, extrusion molding, and the like are suitable, but the usage method and molding method are not limited to these, and can be used in various forms. Examples of usage forms include various forms such as a resin film, a resin molded product, a resin foam, a paint and a coating agent.
- thermoplastic resin composition obtained in the present invention is excellent in moldability, currently widely used molding machines for thermoplastic resins can be used, and even products having complex shapes can be molded. Is easy.
- the organic thermally conductive additive of the present invention can be widely used in various applications such as electronic materials, magnetic materials, catalyst materials, structural materials, optical materials, medical materials, automotive materials, and building materials.
- it has excellent properties such as excellent appearance of molded product and high thermal conductivity, so it is very useful as a resin material for heat dissipation and heat transfer.
- the organic heat conductive additive of the present invention can be suitably used for injection molded products such as home appliances, OA equipment parts, AV equipment parts, automobile interior and exterior parts, and the like.
- it can be suitably used as an exterior material in home appliances and office automation equipment that generate a lot of heat.
- an electronic device having a heat source inside but difficult to be forcibly cooled by a fan or the like it is suitably used as an exterior material for these devices in order to dissipate the heat generated inside to the outside.
- small or portable electronic devices such as portable computers such as notebook computers, PDAs, cellular phones, portable game machines, portable music players, portable TV / video devices, portable video cameras, etc. are preferable among these.
- the organic heat conductive additive of the present invention has a good moldability because it can reduce the blending amount of the high heat conductive inorganic substance as compared with a conventionally well-known composition, and thus the component or housing in the above application. It has useful properties for body use.
- the present invention further includes a resin composition containing the organic thermal conductive additive.
- the resin composition according to the present invention contains the following (A) to (C), and the weight ratio of (A) to (B) is 10:90 to 90:10.
- a liquid crystal whose main chain is mainly composed of repeating units represented by the following general formula (1), mainly has a chain structure, and has a thermal conductivity of 0.45 W / (m ⁇ K) or more as a single resin.
- Thermoplastic resin, -M-Sp- . . . (1) In the formula, M represents a mesogenic group, and Sp represents a spacer.
- C Inorganic filler
- the component (A) is the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin described above.
- a component is the thermosetting resin and thermoplastic resin which were demonstrated above.
- the component (C) is the inorganic filler described above.
- the weight ratio of (A) to (B) is preferably 10:90 to 90:10, more preferably 15:85 to 80:20, and 20: More preferably, it is 80 to 70:30, and most preferably 25:75 to 60:40.
- thermosetting resin is at least one selected from an epoxy resin, an acrylic curable resin, a guanamine resin, a diallyl phthalate resin, a phenol resin, a maleic acid resin, a melamine resin, a urea resin, a furan resin, an alkyd resin, and an unsaturated polyester resin. It is a kind of thermosetting resin.
- the epoxy resin used in the present invention is a resin mainly composed of a polymer obtained by ring-opening reaction of a compound containing at least two epoxy rings in one molecule. Is a condensation product of epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A. Curing agents include amines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, metaphenylenediamine, and diaminophenylsulfone, acid anhydrides such as methylnadic acid anhydride and hexahydroacid anhydride, and urea. , Melamine, phenol resin and the like can also be used.
- the epoxy resin includes an alicyclic epoxy resin, a brominated epoxy resin, an aliphatic epoxy resin, a polyfunctional epoxy resin, and the like.
- the acrylic curable resin used in the present invention is a resin having a reactive group that can be thermally cured at both ends of the acrylic resin, and includes Kaneka XMAP RC-100C manufactured by Kaneka Corporation.
- the guanamine resin used in the present invention is a resin mainly composed of a polymer obtained by addition condensation reaction of guanamines and aldehydes, and a resin composed of benzoguanamine and formaldehyde is generally used.
- Guanamine resins include those co-reacted and co-condensed with urea, melamine, thiourea and the like, and etherified with butanol, methanol, and the like.
- the diallyl phthalate resin used in the present invention is a curable homopolymer or copolymer having diallyl phthalate as a main component.
- the monomer to be copolymerized include styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, acrylic acid ester, and methacrylic acid ester.
- the phenol resin used in the present invention is a resin mainly composed of a polymer obtained by a condensation reaction of phenols and aldehydes, such as phenol, m-cresol, 3,5-xylenol, p-alkylphenol, resorcin and the like. Those consisting of formaldehyde are preferred.
- the phenol resin can undergo a condensation reaction with a normal acidic catalyst or basic catalyst, and a curing agent such as hexamethylenetetramine, or a filler such as wood powder, pulp, or aggregate can be used as necessary.
- the melamine resin used in the present invention is a resin mainly composed of a polymer obtained by addition condensation reaction of melamine and aldehydes, and formaldehyde is generally used as the aldehydes.
- the melamine resin includes those co-condensed with urea or the like. Melamine resins are generally cured by heat, but a curing agent can be used if necessary.
- the area resin used in the present invention is a resin mainly composed of a polymer obtained by a condensation reaction of urea and aldehydes, and formaldehyde is generally used as the aldehydes.
- Urea resins also include those co-condensed with thiourea, melamine, phenol, and the like.
- the melamine resin and urea resin can be mixed with cellulose or the like as required.
- the furan resin that can be used in the present invention is a resin mainly composed of a furfuryl alcohol alone or a polymer obtained by a condensation reaction with formaldehyde.
- furfuryl alcohol / furfural cocondensation resin furfuryl alcohol resin
- furfuryl alcohol resin furfural.
- -Phenolic co-condensation resins furfural / ketone co-condensation resins
- furfuryl alcohol / urea copolymer resins furfuryl alcohol / phenol co-condensation resins, and the like.
- the alkyd resin used in the present invention is a resin whose main component is a polymer obtained by a condensation reaction of a polybasic acid and a polyhydric alcohol, and as the polybasic acid, phthalic anhydride, sophthalic acid, maleic acid, fatty oil, Fatty acid, rosin, ester rosin and the like, and glycerin is generally used as the polyhydric alcohol.
- thermosetting resin it is possible to use not only one kind of the thermosetting resin but also a combination of two or more kinds in some cases.
- thermosetting resins such as unsaturated polyester and polyurethane.
- composition of the present invention can be cured by a method such as heating, no heating, or ultraviolet irradiation in the presence or absence of a curing agent or a curing accelerator.
- the present invention also includes the following 2) to 15).
- R represents a divalent substituent which may contain a branch having 2 to 20 main chain atoms.
- a resin composition comprising the following (A) to (C), wherein the weight ratio of (A) to (B) is 10:90 to 90:10.
- A a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin in which the main chain mainly consists of repeating units represented by the following general formula (1) and mainly has a chain structure; -M-Sp- . . . (1) (In the formula, M represents a mesogenic group, and Sp represents a spacer.)
- (C) Inorganic filler 12) The resin composition according to 11), wherein the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin as the component (A) contains 10 vol% or more lamellar crystals.
- the present invention improves the thermal conductivity of the organic material using the above-described liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin of the present invention and the use of the above-described liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin of the present invention as an organic thermal conductive additive.
- the present invention improves the thermal conductivity of the organic material using the above-described liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin of the present invention and the use of the above-described liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin of the present invention as an organic thermal conductive additive.
- Naturally aspects such as methods may also be included.
- thermoplastic resin and resin composition of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to such examples.
- Each reagent described below was a reagent manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. unless otherwise specified.
- Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition, Vol. 21, and 1119-1131 (1983) may be referred to.
- ⁇ Ramella crystal ratio> A region of lamellar crystals was determined from a 40,000-fold scale (20 cm ⁇ 25 cm) photograph obtained by TEM observation. The boundary of the region was determined by setting the lamellar crystal region as a region having periodic contrast. Since the lamellar crystals are similarly distributed in the depth direction, the ratio of the lamellar crystals was calculated as the ratio of the lamellar crystal region to the entire area of the photograph.
- a laser light absorbing spray (black guard spray FC-153 manufactured by Fine Chemical Japan) was applied to a sample surface of a disk-shaped sample having a thickness of 1 mm ⁇ 25.4 mm ⁇ , dried, and then Xe flash analyzer LFA447 Nanoflash manufactured by NETZSCH was used. The thermal conductivity in the thickness direction and in the plane direction was measured.
- INJECTOR COMP 80 ° C.
- COLUMN COMP 80 ° C.
- PUMP / SOLVENT COMP 60 ° C.
- Injection Volume 200 ⁇ l
- flow rate 0.7 ml / min
- GPC manufactured by Waters; 150-CV
- GPC column an organic solvent-based GPC column, Shodex HT-804 (theoretical plate number: 18,000 or more, exclusion limit molecular weight: 400,000, particle size: 7 ⁇ m) was used, and two were connected in series.
- Example 1 100 parts by weight of the organic thermal conductive additive (A1) synthesized in Production Example 1, 100 parts by weight of polyethylene terephthalate (Bell Polyester Products Belpet EFG-70) as the organic polymer (B), phenolic stabilizer AO-60 (manufactured by ADEKA Co., Ltd.) 0.2 parts by weight and phosphite stabilizer HP-10 (manufactured by ADEKA Co., Ltd.) 0.2 parts by weight were added and mixed with a Henschel mixer. Then, it was introduced from a hopper provided near the screw root of a KZW15-45 co-meshing twin screw extruder manufactured by Technobel. The set temperature was 200 ° C.
- the obtained resin composition was molded into a disk-like sample having a thickness of 6 mm ⁇ 20 mm ⁇ with an injection molding machine, and the thermal conductivity was measured. As a result, the thermal conductivity was 0.78 W / (m ⁇ K).
- Example 1 Evaluation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that only polyethylene terephthalate (Bell Polyester Products Belpet EFG-70) was used as the organic polymer (B) and no organic heat conductive additive (A) was used. As a result, the thermal conductivity was 0.21 W / (m ⁇ K).
- Example 2 100 parts by weight of the organic thermal conductive additive (A1) synthesized in Production Example 1, 100 parts by weight of polyethylene terephthalate (Bell Polyester Products Belpet EFG-70) as the organic polymer (B), phenolic stabilizer AO-60 (manufactured by ADEKA) 0.2 parts by weight, phosphite stabilizer HP-10 (manufactured by ADEKA) 0.2 parts by weight, inorganic filler (C) nitriding Boron powder (PT110 manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials, single unit thermal conductivity 60 W / (m ⁇ K), volume average particle diameter 45 ⁇ m, electrical insulation, volume resistivity 10 14 ⁇ ⁇ cm) (h-BN) After adding 100 parts by weight and mixing with a Henschel mixer, it is installed near the screw root of a KZW15-45 in-direction meshing twin screw extruder manufactured by Technobel.
- A1 organic thermal conductive additive synthesized in Production Example 1
- B organic polyethylene terephthalate
- the set temperature was 200 ° C. in the vicinity of the supply port, and the set temperature was sequentially increased, and the extruder screw tip temperature was set at 280 ° C.
- a resin composition was obtained under these conditions.
- the obtained resin composition was molded into a disk-like sample having a thickness of 6 mm ⁇ 20 mm ⁇ with an injection molding machine, and the thermal conductivity was measured. As a result, the thermal conductivity was 3.38 W / (m ⁇ K).
- the organic thermal conductive additive of the present invention exhibits thermoplasticity unlike the conventionally known inorganic fillers, etc., so that the viscosity of the resin composition is not significantly improved and the density of the resin composition is also kept low. Can do. Further, the mold wear and electrical insulation properties of the composition are not lowered.
- Such a composition can be used as a resin material for heat dissipation and heat transfer in various situations such as the electric / electronic industry field, the automobile field, etc., and can contribute to weight reduction of equipment and devices. Very useful to.
- Example 3 90 parts by weight of the organic thermal conductive additive (A1) synthesized in Production Example 1, 10 parts by weight of nylon 6 (A1020BRL manufactured by Unitika Co., Ltd.) as the organic polymer (B), AO-50 (phenolic stabilizer) After 0.2 parts by weight (made by ADEKA Co., Ltd.) was added and mixed well, it was charged from a hopper provided near the screw root of a KZW15-45 co-meshing twin screw extruder made by Technobel. The set temperature was 200 ° C. in the vicinity of the supply port, and the set temperature was successively increased, and the extruder screw tip temperature was set to 260 ° C. A resin composition was obtained under these conditions. The obtained resin composition was molded into a disk-like sample having a thickness of 6 mm ⁇ 20 mm ⁇ with an injection molding machine, and the thermal conductivity was measured. As a result, the thermal conductivity was 0.96 W / (m ⁇ K).
- Example 4 As a result of measuring the thermal conductivity in the same manner as in Example 3 except that (A1) was 70 parts by weight and (B) was 30 parts by weight, the thermal conductivity was 0.76 W / (m ⁇ K). It was.
- Example 5 The thermal conductivity was measured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that (A1) was 50 parts by weight and (B) was 50 parts by weight. As a result, the thermal conductivity was 0.66 W / (m ⁇ K). It was.
- Example 6 90 parts by weight of the organic thermal conductive additive (A2) synthesized in Production Example 2, a commercially available liquid crystal polymer (A-8100, Ueno Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., melting point 219 ° C., coagulation temperature 173 ° C.) as the organic polymer (B) After adding 10 parts by weight and 0.2 part by weight of phenol stabilizer AO-50 (manufactured by ADEKA Co., Ltd.) and mixing well, near the screw root of a KZW15-45 co-meshing twin screw extruder made by Technobel It was introduced from the hopper provided. The set temperature was 200 ° C.
- the obtained resin composition was molded into a disk-shaped sample having a thickness of 6 mm ⁇ 20 mm ⁇ with an injection molding machine, and the thermal conductivity was measured. As a result, the thermal conductivity was 0.95 W / (m ⁇ K).
- Example 7 The thermal conductivity was measured in the same manner as in Example 6 except that (A2) was 70 parts by weight and (B) was 30 parts by weight. As a result, the thermal conductivity was 0.57 W / (m ⁇ K). It was.
- Example 8 As a result of measuring the thermal conductivity in the same manner as in Example 6 except that (A2) was 50 parts by weight and (B) was 50 parts by weight, the thermal conductivity was 0.46 W / (m ⁇ K). It was.
- Example 4 Evaluation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 6 except that only a commercially available liquid crystal polymer (A-8100 manufactured by Ueno Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was used as the organic polymer (B), and no organic thermal conductive additive (A) was used. As a result, the thermal conductivity was 0.18 W / (m ⁇ K).
- Example 9 100 parts by weight of the organic heat conductive additive (A1) powder synthesized in Production Example 1, 70 parts by weight of a commercially available epoxy resin (Epicoat 828 manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.) as an organic polymer (B), an epoxy curing agent ( 30 parts by weight of Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd. ST-12) and 0.2 parts by weight of phenol stabilizer AO-50 (manufactured by ADEKA Co., Ltd.) were added and mixed well with a mixer at room temperature. The sample was filled in a disk-shaped metal mold of ⁇ 20 mm ⁇ and cured by heating at 150 ° C., and the thermal conductivity was measured. As a result, the thermal conductivity was 0.56 W / (m ⁇ K).
- a commercially available epoxy resin (Epicoat 828 manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.)
- an epoxy curing agent 30 parts by weight of Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd. ST-12
- phenol stabilizer AO-50 manufactured
- Example 10 100 parts by weight of the organic thermal conductive additive (A1) powder synthesized in Production Example 1, 100 parts by weight of an acrylic curable resin (Kaneka XMAP RC-100C manufactured by Kaneka Corp.) as the organic polymer (B), a curing agent After adding 3 parts by weight (Nipa BW manufactured by NOF Corporation) and 0.2 parts by weight of phenol stabilizer AO-60 (manufactured by ADEKA Co., Ltd.) and mixing well with a mixer at room temperature, thickness 6 mm ⁇ The sample was filled into a 20 mm ⁇ disk-shaped mold and cured by heating at 150 ° C., and the thermal conductivity was measured. As a result, the thermal conductivity was 0.50 W / (m ⁇ K).
- Example 11 In a closed reactor equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer, a nitrogen introduction tube and a stirring rod, 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl, sebacic acid and acetic anhydride were each in a molar ratio of 1: 1.05: 2.2. The mixture was charged at a rate, and antimony oxide was used as a catalyst, and the temperature was raised to the reflux temperature while stirring the contents while gently flowing nitrogen gas. After maintaining at reflux temperature for 5 hours, the reflux condenser was replaced with a Liebig condenser, and acetic acid was distilled off while the temperature was raised to 200 ° C. Further, the temperature was raised to 300 ° C.
- Example 12 In a closed reactor equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer, a nitrogen introduction tube and a stirrer, 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl, sebacic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and acetic anhydride were each in a molar ratio of 1: 1: The mixture was charged at a ratio of 3.5: 6, and the temperature was raised to the reflux temperature while stirring the contents while gently flowing nitrogen gas. After maintaining at reflux temperature for 5 hours, the reflux condenser was replaced with a Liebig condenser, and acetic acid was distilled off while the temperature was raised to 200 ° C. Further, the temperature was raised to 320 ° C.
- thermoplastic resin is obtained by copolymerizing p-hydroxybenzoic acid with the polymer of Example 11 (thermoplastic resin).
- Table A shows the injection molding conditions and various physical properties of the obtained molded articles for the resins of Examples 11 and 12.
- thermoplastic resin according to this example has a thermal conductivity of 0.45 W / (m ⁇ K) or more as measured by the hot disk method and is very useful. it is obvious. Furthermore, as shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the thermoplastic resin according to the present example has high thermal conductivity in both the thickness direction and the surface direction. From the above, it is clear that the thermoplastic resin according to the present example has an isotropic high thermal conductivity not only in one direction.
- Example 11 it can be seen that even with a resin having the same primary structure, the ratio of lamellar crystals and the degree of crystallinity change greatly due to the thermal history, and the thermal conductivity changes.
- Example 13 4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl, sebacic acid, and acetic anhydride were charged into a closed reactor at a molar ratio of 1: 1.05: 2.1, respectively, and the pressure was maintained at 150 ° C. in a nitrogen gas atmosphere for 3 hours under normal pressure. An acetylation reaction was performed, and polycondensation was performed by heating to 280 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 1 ° C./min. When the acetic acid distillate amount reached 90% of the theoretical acetic acid production amount, while maintaining the temperature, the pressure was reduced to 10 torr over about 20 minutes to carry out melt polymerization to a high molecular weight. One hour after the start of pressure reduction, the pressure was returned to normal pressure with an inert gas, and the produced polymer was taken out. Table 2 shows the molecular structure, and Table 3 shows the number average molecular weight and the thermal conductivity of the resin alone.
- Example 14 and 15 Polymerization was conducted in the same manner except that the polymerization time from the start of decompression in Example 13 was 1.5 hours and 3 hours, respectively, and resins having different number average molecular weights were synthesized.
- Table 2 shows the molecular structure
- Table 3 shows the number average molecular weight and the thermal conductivity of the resin alone.
- Example 16 to 18 Polymerization was carried out in the same manner except that sebacic acid in Examples 13 to 15 was changed to dodecanedioic acid, thereby synthesizing resins having different number average molecular weights.
- Table 2 shows the molecular structure
- Table 3 shows the number average molecular weight and the thermal conductivity of the resin alone.
- Example 19 to 21 Resins having different number average molecular weights were synthesized in the same manner except that the sebacic acid of Examples 13 to 15 was changed to tetradecanedioic acid.
- the molecular structure is shown in Table 2, and the thermal conductivity of the number average molecular weight resin alone is shown in Table 3.
- Example 22 A polymerization reactor was charged with dimethyl 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylate and 1,10-decanediol at a molar ratio of 1: 1.05, and TBT (tetrabutyl titanate) was used as a catalyst with respect to 1 mol of the structural unit of the polyester. After adding 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol and transesterifying at a temperature of 280 ° C. to distill methanol, a polycondensation reaction was carried out at 280 ° C. for 1.5 hours under a reduced pressure of 10 torr. Thereafter, the pressure was returned to normal pressure with an inert gas, and the produced polymer was taken out.
- Table 2 shows the molecular structure
- Table 3 shows the number average molecular weight and the thermal conductivity of the resin alone.
- Example 23 Polymerization was carried out in the same manner except that 1,10-decanediol in Example 22 was changed to triethylene glycol.
- Table 2 shows the molecular structure
- Table 3 shows the number average molecular weight and the thermal conductivity of the resin alone.
- Example 24 4-Acetoxybenzoic acid-4-acetoxyphenyl and dodecanedioic acid were charged into a closed reactor at a molar ratio of 1: 1.05, respectively, and heated at a rate of 1 ° C./min in a nitrogen gas atmosphere under normal pressure. Polycondensation was performed by heating to 280 ° C. When the acetic acid distillate amount reached 90% of the theoretical acetic acid production amount, while maintaining the temperature, the pressure was reduced to 10 torr over about 20 minutes to carry out melt polymerization to a high molecular weight. 1.5 hours after the start of decompression, the pressure was returned to normal pressure with an inert gas, and the produced polymer was taken out. Table 2 shows the molecular structure, and Table 3 shows the number average molecular weight and the thermal conductivity of the resin alone.
- Example 25 4,4′-diacetoxyazoxybenzene and dodecanedioic acid were charged into the closed reactor at a molar ratio of 1: 1.05, respectively, and the temperature was increased at a rate of 1 ° C./min in a nitrogen gas atmosphere under normal pressure. Polycondensation was performed by heating to 280 ° C. When the acetic acid distillate amount reached 90% of the theoretical acetic acid production amount, while maintaining the temperature, the pressure was reduced to 10 torr over about 20 minutes to carry out melt polymerization to a high molecular weight. 1.5 hours after the start of decompression, the pressure was returned to normal pressure with an inert gas, and the produced polymer was taken out. Table 2 shows the molecular structure, and Table 3 shows the number average molecular weight and the thermal conductivity of the resin alone.
- Example 26 and 27 Boron nitride powder which is a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin synthesized in Example 17 and inorganic filler (PT110 manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials, single-unit thermal conductivity 60 W / (m ⁇ K), volume average particle diameter 45 ⁇ m, electricity Insulation and volume resistivity of 10 14 ⁇ ⁇ cm) (h-BN) mixed with the composition shown in Table E were prepared.
- a phenol stabilizer AO-60 manufactured by ADEKA Co., Ltd.
- Laboplast mill Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd. 30C150
- the resin composition was molded into a disk-shaped sample having a thickness of 6 mm ⁇ 20 mm ⁇ with an injection molding machine, and the thermal conductivity was measured. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 28 Natural scaly graphite powder as an inorganic filler (BF-250A manufactured by Chuetsu Graphite Co., Ltd., thermal conductivity 1200 W / (m ⁇ K) alone, volume average particle diameter 250 as a thermoplastic resin synthesized in Example 17 0.0 ⁇ m, conductivity) (GC) mixed with the composition shown in Table F was prepared.
- a phenol stabilizer AO-60 manufactured by ADEKA Co., Ltd.
- Laboplast mill Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd. 30C150
- the resin composition was molded into a disk-shaped sample having a thickness of 6 mm ⁇ 20 mm ⁇ with an injection molding machine, and the thermal conductivity was measured. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 29 100 parts by weight of the organic polymer shown in Table 5 below, the organic heat conductive additive (A1) in the amount (parts by weight) shown in Table 5, and 0.2 part by weight of AO-50 (manufactured by ADEKA Corporation)
- this mixture was charged from a hopper provided in the vicinity of the screw root of a KZW15-45 same direction meshing twin screw extruder manufactured by Technobel, and a resin composition was obtained by twin screw extrusion.
- the set temperature of the twin screw extruder was 200 ° C. in the vicinity of the supply port, the set temperature was sequentially increased, and the extruder screw tip temperature was set to the temperature shown in Table 5.
- the obtained resin composition was molded into a disk-shaped sample having a thickness of 6 mm ⁇ 20 mm ⁇ with an injection molding machine.
- Table 5 shows the measurement results of thermal conductivity.
- excellent indicates that the thermal conductivity of the sample is significantly improved as compared with the organic polymer
- good indicates that the thermal conductivity is slightly improved
- no change indicates that the sample has little change.
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Abstract
Description
1)主鎖が主として下記一般式(1)で示される単位の繰り返し単位からなり、主として鎖状の構造よりなり、樹脂単体での熱伝導率が0.45W/(m・K)以上である液晶性熱可塑性樹脂を用いた、有機熱伝導性添加剤。
-M-Sp- ...(1)
(式中、Mはメソゲン基、Spはスペーサーを示す。)
-M-Sp- ...(1)
(式中、Mはメソゲン基、Spはスペーサーを示す。)
本発明で言う主としてとは、分子鎖の主鎖中に含まれる一般式(1)の量について、全構成単位に対して50mol%以上であり、好ましくは70mol%以上であり、より好ましくは90mol%以上であり、最も好ましくは本質的に100mol%である。50mol%未満の場合は、樹脂の結晶化度が低くなり、熱伝導率が低くなる場合がある。
-A1-x-A2-
(A1およびA2は、各々独立して芳香族基、縮合芳香族基、脂環基、脂環式複素環基から選ばれる置換基を示す。xは結合子であり、直接結合、-CH2-、-C(CH3)2-、-O-、-S-、-CH2-CH2-、-C=C-、-C≡C-、-CO-、-CO-O-、-CO-NH-、-CH=N-、-CH=N-N=CH-、-N=N-または-N(O)=N-の群から選ばれる2価の置換基を示す。)で表される基が挙げられる。ここでA1、A2は各々独立して、炭素数6~12のベンゼン環を有する炭化水素基、炭素数10~20のナフタレン環を有する炭化水素基、炭素数12~24のビフェニル構造を有する炭化水素基、炭素数12~36のベンゼン環を3個以上有する炭化水素基、炭素数12~36の縮合芳香族基を有する炭化水素基、炭素数4~36の脂環式複素環基から選択されるものであることが好ましい。
-y-R-z-
(yおよびzは、各々独立して直接結合、-CH2-、-C(CH3)2-、-O-、-S-、-CH2-CH2-、-C=C-、-C≡C-、-CO-、-CO-O-、-CO-NH-、-CH=N-、-CH=N-N=CH-、-N=N-または-N(O)=N-の群から選ばれる2価の置換基を示す。Rは主鎖原子数2~20の分岐を含んでもよい2価の置換基を示す。)で表される基が挙げられる。ここでRは、通常、炭素原子数2~20の鎖状飽和炭化水素基、炭素原子数2~20の1~3個の環状構造を含む飽和炭化水素基、炭素原子数2~20の1~5個の不飽和基を有する炭化水素基、炭素原子数2~20の1~3個の芳香環を有する炭化水素基、および、炭素原子数2~20の1~5個の酸素原子を有するポリエーテル基から選択されるものである。
1.-A1-x-A2-y-R-z-
2.上記一般式(3)で表されるメソゲン基と、-y-R-z-で表わされるスペーサーの組合せ。
結晶化度(%)= ラメラ晶の割合(Vol%)× 0.7
樹脂自体が高熱伝導性を有するためには、液晶性熱可塑性樹脂の結晶化度が7%以上であることが好ましい。結晶化度は、14%以上であることがより好ましく、21%以上であることがさらに好ましく、28%以上であることが特に好ましい。
本発明の有機重合体(B)として熱硬化性樹脂を用いる場合には、特に制限は無く、広く知られた各種熱硬化性樹脂の中から必要に応じて1種または2種以上を任意の組み合わせで選択して用いる事が可能である。熱硬化性樹脂としては例えば従来用いられるエポキシ樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、シアナート樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ユリア樹脂およびこれらの変性樹脂、等が例示されるがこれに限定されるものではない。
本発明の有機重合体(B)として熱可塑性樹脂組成物を用いる場合には、各種熱可塑性樹脂を用いることができる。
本発明の有機熱伝導性添加剤(A)をより高性能なものにするため、フェノール系安定剤、イオウ系安定剤、リン系安定剤等の熱安定剤等を、単独又は2種類以上にて組合せて、有機熱伝導性添加剤(A)とともに添加することが好ましい。更に必要に応じて、一般に良く知られている、熱安定剤、安定化助剤、滑剤、離型剤、可塑剤、難燃剤、難燃助剤、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤、顔料、染料、帯電防止剤、導電性付与剤、分散剤、相溶化剤、抗菌剤等を、単独又は2種類以上を組合せて、本発明の効果を奏する範囲で添加してもよい。
本発明の有機熱伝導性添加剤をより高熱伝導性とするため、無機充填剤(C)とともに添加してもよい。無機充填剤(C)の使用量は、好ましくは有機熱伝導性添加剤(A)と無機充填剤(C)の体積比で99:1~30:70であり、より好ましくは90:10~40:60であり、特に好ましくは80:20~50:50である。(A)と(C)の総体積を100として、無機充填剤(C)の使用量が1未満では熱伝導率向上効果が小さい場合がある。また、(A)と(C)の体積比が30:70~0:100では機械物性が低下することがある。
上記に加えて、さらに本発明には、上記有機熱伝導性添加剤を含有する樹脂組成物も含まれる。
(A)主鎖が主として下記一般式(1)で示される繰り返し単位からなり、主として鎖状の構造よりなり、樹脂単体での熱伝導率が0.45W/(m・K)以上である液晶性熱可塑性樹脂、
-M-Sp- ...(1)
(式中、Mはメソゲン基、Spはスペーサーを示す。)
(B)上記(A)以外の熱可塑性樹脂、
(C)無機充填剤
ここで(A)成分は、上記で説明した液晶性熱可塑性樹脂である。
(B)成分は、上記で説明した熱硬化性樹脂および熱可塑性樹脂である。(C)成分は、上記で説明した無機充填剤である。
2)前記液晶性熱可塑性樹脂が主として下記一般式(2)で示される単位の繰り返し単位からなる、1)に記載の液晶性熱可塑性樹脂を用いた、有機熱伝導性添加剤。
-A1-x-A2-y-R-z- ...(2)
(式中、A1およびA2は、各々独立して芳香族基、縮合芳香族基、脂環基、脂環式複素環基から選ばれる置換基を示す。x、yおよびzは、各々独立して直接結合、-CH2-、-C(CH3)2-、-O-、-S-、-CH2-CH2-、-C=C-、-C≡C-、-CO-、-CO-O-、-CO-NH-、-CH=N-、-CH=N-N=CH-、-N=N-または-N(O)=N-の群から選ばれる2価の置換基を示す。Rは主鎖原子数2~20の分岐を含んでもよい2価の置換基を示す。)
3)前記液晶性熱可塑性樹脂の-A1-x-A2-に相当する部分が下記一般式(3)で表されるメソゲン基であることを特徴とする、2)に記載の液晶性熱可塑性樹脂を用いた、有機熱伝導性添加剤。
5)前記液晶性熱可塑性樹脂のRに相当する部分の炭素数が偶数である4)に記載の液晶性熱可塑性樹脂を用いた、有機熱伝導性添加剤。
6)前記液晶性熱可塑性樹脂のRが-(CH2)8-、-(CH2)10-、および-(CH2)12-から選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、かつ数平均分子量が3000~40000である、4)に記載の液晶性熱可塑性樹脂を用いた、有機熱伝導性添加剤。
7)前記液晶性熱可塑性樹脂の-y-R-z-が-O-CO-R-CO-O-である、2)に記載の液晶性熱可塑性樹脂を用いた、有機熱伝導性添加剤。
8)1)~7)のいずれか一項に記載の液晶性熱可塑性樹脂(A)を、有機重合体(B)100重量部に対し1~10000重量部添加することを特徴とする、有機熱伝導性添加剤含有樹脂組成物。
9)前記液晶性熱可塑性樹脂が10Vol%以上のラメラ晶を含むものである1)に記載の有機熱伝導性添加剤。
10)前記液晶性熱可塑性樹脂の結晶化度が7Vol%以上である1)に記載の有機熱伝導性添加剤。
11)以下の(A)~(C)を含有し、(A)と(B)の重量比が10:90~90:10である樹脂組成物。
(A)主鎖が主として下記一般式(1)で示される繰り返し単位からなり、主として鎖状の構造よりなる液晶性熱可塑性樹脂、
-M-Sp- ...(1)
(式中、Mはメソゲン基、Spはスペーサーを示す。)
(B)上記(A)以外の熱可塑性樹脂、
(C)無機充填剤
12)(A)成分である液晶性熱可塑性樹脂が、10Vol%以上のラメラ晶を含むものである11)に記載の樹脂組成物。
13)(A)成分である液晶性熱可塑性樹脂が、結晶化度が7Vol%以上のものである11)に記載の樹脂組成物。
14)以下の(A)~(C)を含有する樹脂組成物。
(A)主鎖が主として下記一般式(1)で示される繰り返し単位からなり、主として鎖状の構造よりなる液晶性熱可塑性樹脂を用いた、有機熱伝導性添加剤、
-M-Sp- ...(1)
(式中、Mはメソゲン基、Spはスペーサーを示す。)
(B)熱硬化性樹脂
(C)無機充填剤
15)上記14)の樹脂組成物から得られた硬化物。
<熱物性測定>
示唆走査熱量分析(島津製作所;Shimadzu DSC-50)、昇温速度:10℃/min で測定し、吸熱のピークトップの温度を融点とした。
得られた各サンプルを乾燥した後、射出成形機にて熱伝導率測定用に厚み6mm×20mmφのサンプルを成形した。また薄肉成形体の熱伝導率の異方性を確認するために厚み1mm×25.4mmφの円盤状サンプルを成形した。
成形した厚み6mm×20mmφのサンプルの一部を切り出し、RuO4にて染色したのち、ミクロトームにて0.1μm厚の超薄切片を作成した。作成した切片を加速電圧100kVのTEMにて観察した。
TEM観察により得られた4万倍スケール(20cm×25cm)の写真から、ラメラ晶の領域を決定した。領域の境界はラメラ晶領域を周期的なコントラストの存在する領域とし、決定した。ラメラ晶は深さ方向にも同様に分布していることから、ラメラ晶の割合は写真の全体の面積に対するラメラ晶領域の割合として算出した。
結晶化度は、上記ラメラ晶の割合から、以下の計算式により求めた。
結晶化度(%)= ラメラ晶の割合(Vol%)× 0.7
<熱伝導率>
厚み6mm×20mmφのサンプルにて、京都電子工業製ホットディスク法熱伝導率測定装置で4φのセンサーを用い、熱伝導率を測定した。該方法により測定された熱伝導率は、熱伝導の方向に対する異方性を平均化した値である。また、厚み1mm×25.4mmφの円盤状サンプルのサンプル表面にレーザー光吸収用スプレー(ファインケミカルジャパン製ブラックガードスプレーFC-153)を塗布し乾燥させた後、XeフラッシュアナライザーであるNETZSCH製LFA447Nanoflashを用い、厚み方向及び面方向の熱伝導率を測定した。
厚み6mm×20mmφの円盤状サンプルを用いて、水中置換法にて密度を測定した。
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂をp-クロロフェノールとo-ジクロロベンゼンの1:2(Vol比)混合溶媒に0.25重量%濃度となるように溶解して試料を調製した。標準物質はポリスチレン〔(株)ケムコ販売品、分子量(Mw/Mn):390,000(1.06)、200,000(1.06)、65,000(1.06)、30,000(1.06)、3,350(1.10)、1,241(1.07) 〕とし、同様の試料溶液を調製した。高温GPC((株)Waters製;150-CV)にてINJECTOR COMP:80℃、COLUMN COMP:80℃、PUMP/SOLVENT COMP:60℃、Injection Volume:200μl、流速0.7ml/min、の条件で測定した。検出器としては、示差屈折計(RI)を使用した。
4,4’-ジヒドロキシビフェニル、テトラデカン二酸、無水酢酸をモル比でそれぞれ1:1.05:2.1の割合で密閉型反応器に仕込み、常圧下、窒素ガス雰囲気で150℃にて3時間アセチル化反応を行い、1℃/minの昇温速度で265℃まで加熱し重縮合を行った。酢酸の留出量が理論酢酸生成量の90%に到達した時点で引き続きその温度を保ったまま、約20分かけて1.0torrに減圧し、高分子量まで溶融重合を行った。減圧開始から1時間後、不活性ガスで常圧に戻し、生成したポリマーを取り出した。得られたポリマーをp-クロロフェノールとo-ジクロロベンゼンの1:2Vol比混合溶媒に0.25重量%濃度となるように溶解して、高温GPC((株)Waters製;150-CV)にてINJECTOR COMP:80℃、COLUMN COMP:80℃、PUMP/SOLVENT COMP:60℃、Injection Volume:200μl、の条件で、ポリスチレンを標準物質としてGPC測定した。結果、数平均分子量は8500、重量平均分子量は18800であった。
こうして得られたポリマーを、有機熱伝導性添加剤(A1)として用いた。
4,4’-ジヒドロキシビフェニル、ドデカン二酸、無水酢酸をモル比でそれぞれ1:1.05:2.1の割合で密閉型反応器に仕込み、常圧下、窒素ガス雰囲気で150℃にて3時間アセチル化反応を行い、1℃/minの昇温速度で260℃まで加熱し重縮合を行った。酢酸の留出量が理論酢酸生成量の90%に到達した時点で引き続きその温度を保ったまま、約20分かけて1.0torrに減圧し、高分子量まで溶融重合を行った。減圧開始から1時間後、不活性ガスで常圧に戻し、生成したポリマーを取り出した。得られたポリマーをp-クロロフェノールとo-ジクロロベンゼンの1:2Vol比混合溶媒に0.25重量%濃度となるように溶解して、高温GPC((株)Waters製;150-CV)にてINJECTOR COMP:80℃、COLUMN COMP:80℃、PUMP/SOLVENT COMP:60℃、Injection Volume:200μl、の条件で、ポリスチレンを標準物質としてGPC測定した。結果、数平均分子量は9050、重量平均分子量は25100であった。
こうして得られたポリマーを、有機熱伝導性添加剤(A2)として用いた。
熱伝導率:得られた成形品から30mmφ×2.5mm厚みの円柱状試験片を2個切り出し、京都電子工業製ホットディスク法熱伝導率測定装置で4φのセンサーにて熱伝導率を測定した。
製造例1で合成した有機熱伝導性添加剤(A1)100重量部、有機重合体(B)としてポリエチレンテレフタレート((株)ベルポリエステルプロダクツ製ベルペットEFG-70)100重量部、フェノール系安定剤であるAO-60((株)ADEKA製)0.2重量部、ホスファイト系安定剤であるHP-10((株)ADEKA製)0.2重量部を加え、ヘンシェルミキサーにて混合した後、テクノベル製KZW15-45同方向噛み合い型二軸押出機のスクリュー根本付近に設けられたホッパーより投入した。設定温度は供給口近傍が200℃で、順次設定温度を上昇させ、押出機スクリュー先端部温度を270℃に設定した。本条件にて樹脂組成物を得た。得られた樹脂組成物を射出成形機にて厚み6mm×20mmφの円板状サンプルに成形し、熱伝導率を測定した結果、熱伝導率:0.78W/(m・K)であった。
有機重合体(B)としてポリエチレンテレフタレート((株)ベルポリエステルプロダクツ製ベルペットEFG-70)のみを用い、有機熱伝導性添加剤(A)を用いなかった以外は実施例1と同様に評価を行った結果、熱伝導率は0.21W/(m・K)であった。
製造例1で合成した有機熱伝導性添加剤(A1)100重量部、有機重合体(B)としてポリエチレンテレフタレート((株)ベルポリエステルプロダクツ製ベルペットEFG-70)100重量部、フェノール系安定剤であるAO-60((株)ADEKA製)0.2重量部、ホスファイト系安定剤であるHP-10((株)ADEKA製)0.2重量部、無機充填剤(C)である窒化ホウ素粉末(モメンティブパフォーマンスマテリアルズ社製PT110、単体での熱伝導率60W/(m・K)、体積平均粒子径45μm、電気絶縁性、体積固有抵抗1014Ω・cm)(h-BN)を100重量部加え、ヘンシェルミキサーにて混合した後、テクノベル製KZW15-45同方向噛み合い型二軸押出機のスクリュー根本付近に設けられたホッパーより投入した。設定温度は供給口近傍が200℃で、順次設定温度を上昇させ、押出機スクリュー先端部温度を280℃に設定した。本条件にて樹脂組成物を得た。得られた樹脂組成物を射出成形機にて厚み6mm×20mmφの円板状サンプルに成形し、熱伝導率を測定した結果、熱伝導率:3.38W/(m・K)であった。
熱可塑性樹脂としてポリエチレンテレフタレート((株)ベルポリエステルプロダクツ製ベルペットEFG-70)のみを用い、有機熱伝導性添加剤(A)を用いなかった以外は実施例2と同様に評価を行った結果、熱伝導率は1.05W/(m・K)であった。
製造例1で合成した有機熱伝導性添加剤(A1)90重量部、有機重合体(B)としてナイロン6(ユニチカ(株)製A1020BRL)10重量部、フェノール系安定剤であるAO-50((株)ADEKA製)0.2重量部を加え良く混合した後、テクノベル製KZW15-45同方向噛み合い型二軸押出機のスクリュー根本付近に設けられたホッパーより投入した。設定温度は供給口近傍が200℃で、順次設定温度を上昇させ、押出機スクリュー先端部温度を260℃に設定した。本条件にて樹脂組成物を得た。得られた樹脂組成物を射出成形機にて厚み6mm×20mmφの円板状サンプルに成形し、熱伝導率を測定した結果、熱伝導率:0.96W/(m・K)であった。
(A1)を70重量部、(B)を30重量部とした以外は実施例3と同様にして、熱伝導率を測定した結果、熱伝導率:0.76W/(m・K)であった。
(A1)を50重量部、(B)を50重量部とした以外は実施例3と同様にして、熱伝導率を測定した結果、熱伝導率:0.66W/(m・K)であった。
有機重合体(B)としてナイロン6(ユニチカ(株)製A1020BRL)のみを用い、有機熱伝導性添加剤(A)を用いなかった以外は実施例3と同様に評価を行った結果、熱伝導率は0.22W/(m・K)であった。
製造例2で合成した有機熱伝導性添加剤(A2)90重量部、有機重合体(B)として市販の液晶ポリマー(上野製薬(株)製A-8100、融点219℃、凝固温度173℃)10重量部、フェノール系安定剤であるAO-50((株)ADEKA製)0.2重量部を加え良く混合した後、テクノベル製KZW15-45同方向噛み合い型二軸押出機のスクリュー根本付近に設けられたホッパーより投入した。設定温度は供給口近傍が200℃で、順次設定温度を上昇させ、押出機スクリュー先端部温度を260℃に設定した。本条件にて樹脂組成物を得た。得られた樹脂組成物を射出成形機にて厚み6mm×20mmφの円板状サンプルに成形し、熱伝導率を測定した結果、熱伝導率:0.95W/(m・K)であった。
(A2)を70重量部、(B)を30重量部とした以外は実施例6と同様にして、熱伝導率を測定した結果、熱伝導率:0.57W/(m・K)であった。
(A2)を50重量部、(B)を50重量部とした以外は実施例6と同様にして、熱伝導率を測定した結果、熱伝導率:0.46W/(m・K)であった。
有機重合体(B)として市販の液晶ポリマー(上野製薬(株)製A-8100)のみを用い、有機熱伝導性添加剤(A)を用いなかった以外は実施例6と同様に評価を行った結果、熱伝導率は0.18W/(m・K)であった。
製造例1で合成した有機熱伝導性添加剤(A1)粉末100重量部、有機重合体(B)として市販のエポキシ樹脂(ジャパンエポキシレジン(株)製エピコート828)70重量部、エポキシ硬化剤(ジャパンエポキシレジン(株)製ST-12)30重量部、フェノール系安定剤であるAO-50((株)ADEKA製)0.2重量部を加え室温でミキサーにて良く混合した後、厚み6mm×20mmφの円板状金型に充填し150℃で加熱硬化させてサンプルを成形し、熱伝導率を測定した結果、熱伝導率:0.56W/(m・K)であった。
有機重合体(B)として市販のエポキシ樹脂(市販のエポキシ樹脂(ジャパンエポキシレジン(株)製エピコート828)70重量部、エポキシ硬化剤(ジャパンエポキシレジン(株)製ST-12)30重量部のみを用い、有機熱伝導性添加剤(A)を用いなかった以外は実施例9と同様に評価を行った結果、熱伝導率は0.19W/(m・K)であった。
製造例1で合成した有機熱伝導性添加剤(A1)粉末100重量部、有機重合体(B)としてアクリル系硬化性樹脂((株)カネカ製カネカXMAP RC-100C)100重量部、硬化剤(日油(株)製ナイパーBW)3重量部、フェノール系安定剤であるAO-60((株)ADEKA製)0.2重量部を加え室温でミキサーにて良く混合した後、厚み6mm×20mmφの円板状金型に充填し150℃で加熱硬化させてサンプルを成形し、熱伝導率を測定した結果、熱伝導率:0.50W/(m・K)であった。
有機重合体(B)としてアクリル系硬化性樹脂((株)カネカ製カネカXMAP RC-100C)100重量部、硬化剤(日油(株)製ナイパーBW)3重量部、のみを用い、有機熱伝導性添加剤(A)を用いなかった以外は実施例10と同様に評価を行った結果、熱伝導率は0.18W/(m・K)であった。
還流冷却器、温度計、窒素導入管および攪拌棒を備え付けた密閉型反応器に、4,4'-ジヒドロキシビフェニル、セバシン酸および無水酢酸をモル比でそれぞれ1:1.05:2.2の割合で仕込み、酸化アンチモンを触媒とし、窒素ガスを緩やかに流しながら、内容物を攪拌しつつ還流温度まで昇温した。還流温度にて5時間保温したのち、還流冷却器をリービッヒ冷却器と交換し、さらに200℃まで昇温しながら酢酸を留去した。さらに1℃/分の速度で300℃まで昇温し、300℃で生じる酢酸を留去しながら1時間30分重合させた。酢酸の留出量が理論酢酸生成量の90%に到達した時点で引き続きその温度を保ったまま、約20分かけて0.5torr以下に減圧し、高分子量まで溶融重合を行った。1時間後、不活性ガスで常圧に戻し、生成したポリマーを取り出した。得られたポリマーを230℃にて溶融し、射出成形にて厚み6mm×20mmφのサンプルを得た。また、230℃にて溶融し、射出成形にて厚み1mm×25.4mmφの円盤状サンプルを得た。
還流冷却器、温度計、窒素導入管および攪拌棒を備え付けた密閉型反応器に、4,4'-ジヒドロキシビフェニル、セバシン酸、p-ヒドロキシ安息香酸および無水酢酸をモル比でそれぞれ1:1:3.5:6の割合で仕込み、窒素ガスを緩やかに流しながら、内容物を攪拌しつつ還流温度まで昇温した。還流温度で5時間保温した後、還流冷却器をリービッヒ冷却器と交換し、さらに200℃まで昇温しながら酢酸を留去した。さらに1℃/分の速度で320℃まで昇温し、320℃で生じる酢酸を留去しながら1時間30分重合させた。酢酸の留出量が理論酢酸生成量の90%に到達した時点で引き続きその温度を保ったまま、約20分かけて0.5torr以下に減圧し、高分子量まで溶融重合を行った。1時間後、不活性ガスで常圧に戻し、生成したポリマーを取り出した。得られたポリマーを230℃にて溶融し、射出成形にて厚み6mm×20mmφのサンプルおよび厚み1mm×25.4mmφの円盤状サンプルを得た。当該ポリマー(熱可塑性樹脂)は、実施例11のポリマー(熱可塑性樹脂)にp-ヒドロキシ安息香酸を共重合したものである。
4,4’-ジヒドロキシビフェニル、セバシン酸、無水酢酸をモル比にてそれぞれ1:1.05:2.1の割合で密閉型反応器に仕込み、常圧下、窒素ガス雰囲気で150℃にて3hアセチル化反応を行い、1℃/minの昇温速度で280℃まで加熱して重縮合を行った。酢酸の留出量が理論酢酸生成量の90%に到達した時点で引き続きその温度を保ったまま、約20分かけて10torrに減圧し、高分子量まで溶融重合を行った。減圧開始から1時間後、不活性ガスで常圧に戻し、生成したポリマーを取り出した。分子構造を表2に、数平均分子量、樹脂単体の熱伝導率を表3に示す。
実施例13の減圧開始からの重合時間をそれぞれ1.5時間、3時間にした以外は同様に重合し、数平均分子量の違う樹脂を合成した。分子構造を表2に、数平均分子量、樹脂単体の熱伝導率を表3に示す。
実施例13~15のセバシン酸をドデカン二酸にした以外はそれぞれ同様に重合し、数平均分子量の違う樹脂を合成した。分子構造を表2に、数平均分子量、樹脂単体の熱伝導率を表3に示す。
実施例13~15のセバシン酸をテトラデカン二酸にした以外はそれぞれ同様に重合し、数平均分子量の違う樹脂を合成した。分子構造を表2に、数平均分子量樹脂単体の熱伝導率を表3に示す。
重合反応装置に4,4’-ビフェニルジカルボン酸ジメチルと1,10-デカンジオールとを1:1.05のモル比で仕込み、触媒としてTBT(テトラブチルチタネート)をポリエステルの構成単位1モルに対し5×10-4モル添加し、280℃の温度でエステル交換反応させてメタノールを留出させた後、10torrの減圧下、280℃で1.5時間重縮合反応を行った。そののち不活性ガスで常圧に戻し、生成したポリマーを取り出した。分子構造を表2に、数平均分子量、樹脂単体の熱伝導率を表3に示す。
実施例22の1,10-デカンジオールをトリエチレングリコールに変更した以外は同様に重合した。分子構造を表2に、数平均分子量、樹脂単体の熱伝導率を表3に示す。
4-アセトキシ安息香酸-4-アセトキシフェニル、ドデカン二酸をモル比でそれぞれ1:1.05の割合で密閉型反応器に仕込み、常圧下、窒素ガス雰囲気で1℃/minの昇温速度で280℃まで加熱し重縮合を行った。酢酸の留出量が理論酢酸生成量の90%に到達した時点で引き続きその温度を保ったまま、約20分かけて10torrに減圧し、高分子量まで溶融重合を行った。減圧開始から1.5時間後、不活性ガスで常圧に戻し、生成したポリマーを取り出した。分子構造を表2に、数平均分子量、樹脂単体の熱伝導率を表3に示す。
4,4’-ジアセトキシアゾキシベンゼン、ドデカン二酸をモル比でそれぞれ1:1.05の割合で密閉型反応器に仕込み、常圧下、窒素ガス雰囲気で1℃/minの昇温速度で280℃まで加熱し重縮合を行った。酢酸の留出量が理論酢酸生成量の90%に到達した時点で引き続きその温度を保ったまま、約20分かけて10torrに減圧し、高分子量まで溶融重合を行った。減圧開始から1.5時間後、不活性ガスで常圧に戻し、生成したポリマーを取り出した。分子構造を表2に、数平均分子量、樹脂単体の熱伝導率を表3に示す。
実施例17で合成した液晶性熱可塑性樹脂および無機充填剤である窒化ホウ素粉末(モメンティブパフォーマンスマテリアルズ社製PT110、単体での熱伝導率60W/(m・K)、体積平均粒子径45μm、電気絶縁性、体積固有抵抗1014Ω・cm)(h-BN)を表Eの組成で混合したものを準備した。これにフェノール系安定剤であるAO-60((株)ADEKA製)を熱可塑性樹脂100重量部に対して0.2重量部加え、ラボプラストミル((株)東洋精機製作所製 30C150)にて250℃、7分の条件で溶融混合し、評価用樹脂組成物を得た。上記樹脂組成物を射出成形機にて厚み6mm×20mmφの円盤状サンプルに成形し、熱伝導率を測定した。結果を表4に示す。
実施例17で合成した熱可塑性樹脂に無機充填剤である天然鱗片状黒鉛粉末(中越黒鉛(株)製BF-250A、単体での熱伝導率1200W/(m・K)、体積平均粒子径250.0μm、導電性)(GC)を表Fの組成で混合したものを準備した。これにフェノール系安定剤であるAO-60((株)ADEKA製)を熱可塑性樹脂100重量部に対して0.2重量部加え、ラボプラストミル((株)東洋精機製作所製 30C150)にて250℃、7分の条件で溶融混合し、評価用樹脂組成物を得た。上記樹脂組成物を射出成形機にて厚み6mm×20mmφの円盤状サンプルに成形し、熱伝導率を測定した。結果を表4に示す。
以下の表5に示す有機重合体100重量部、表5に示す量(重量部)の有機熱伝導性添加剤(A1)、およびAO-50((株)ADEKA製)0.2重量部を混合した後、この混合物をテクノベル製KZW15-45同方向噛み合い型二軸押出機のスクリュー根本付近に設けられたホッパーより投入し、二軸押出しにより樹脂組成物を得た。このとき二軸押出機の設定温度は、供給口近傍が200℃で、順次設定温度を上昇させ、押出機スクリュー先端部温度を表5に示す温度とした。得られた樹脂組成物を射出成形機にて厚み6mm×20mmφの円板状サンプルに成形した。熱伝導率の測定結果を表5に示す。表5では、有機重合体と比べてサンプルの熱伝導率が大幅に向上した場合を「優」、少し向上した場合を「良」、ほとんど変化しない場合を「変化なし」で表した。
Claims (15)
- 主鎖が主として下記一般式(1)で示される単位の繰り返し単位からなり、主として鎖状の構造よりなり、樹脂単体での熱伝導率が0.45W/(m・K)以上である液晶性熱可塑性樹脂を用いた、有機熱伝導性添加剤。
-M-Sp- ...(1)
(式中、Mはメソゲン基、Spはスペーサーを示す。) - 前記液晶性熱可塑性樹脂が主として下記一般式(2)で示される単位の繰り返し単位からなる、請求項1に記載の液晶性熱可塑性樹脂を用いた、有機熱伝導性添加剤。
-A1-x-A2-y-R-z- ...(2)
(式中、A1およびA2は、各々独立して芳香族基、縮合芳香族基、脂環基、脂環式複素環基から選ばれる置換基を示す。x、yおよびzは、各々独立して直接結合、-CH2-、-C(CH3)2-、-O-、-S-、-CH2-CH2-、-C=C-、-C≡C-、-CO-、-CO-O-、-CO-NH-、-CH=N-、-CH=N-N=CH-、-N=N-または-N(O)=N-の群から選ばれる2価の置換基を示す。Rは主鎖原子数2~20の分岐を含んでもよい2価の置換基を示す。) - 前記液晶性熱可塑性樹脂のRに相当する部分が直鎖の脂肪族炭化水素鎖である、請求項2または3に記載の液晶性熱可塑性樹脂を用いた、有機熱伝導性添加剤。
- 前記液晶性熱可塑性樹脂のRに相当する部分の炭素数が偶数である請求項4に記載の液晶性熱可塑性樹脂を用いた、有機熱伝導性添加剤。
- 前記液晶性熱可塑性樹脂のRが-(CH2)8-、-(CH2)10-、および-(CH2)12-から選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、数平均分子量が3000~40000である請求項4に記載の液晶性熱可塑性樹脂を用いた、有機熱伝導性添加剤。
- 前記液晶性熱可塑性樹脂の-y-R-z-が-O-CO-R-CO-O-である、請求項2に記載の液晶性熱可塑性樹脂を用いた、有機熱伝導性添加剤。
- 請求項1~請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の液晶性熱可塑性樹脂(A)を、有機重合体(B)100重量部に対し1~10000重量部添加することを特徴とする、有機熱伝導性添加剤含有樹脂組成物。
- 前記液晶性熱可塑性樹脂が10Vol%以上のラメラ晶を含むものである請求項1に記載の有機熱伝導性添加剤。
- 前記液晶性熱可塑性樹脂の結晶化度が7Vol%以上である請求項1に記載の有機熱伝導性添加剤。
- 以下の(A)~(C)を含有し、(A)と(B)の重量比が10:90~90:10である樹脂組成物。
(A)主鎖が主として下記一般式(1)で示される繰り返し単位からなり、主として鎖状の構造よりなる液晶性熱可塑性樹脂、
-M-Sp- ...(1)
(式中、Mはメソゲン基、Spはスペーサーを示す。)
(B)上記(A)以外の熱可塑性樹脂、
(C)無機充填剤 - (A)成分である液晶性熱可塑性樹脂が、10Vol%以上のラメラ晶を含むものである請求項11に記載の樹脂組成物。
- (A)成分である液晶性熱可塑性樹脂が、結晶化度が7Vol%以上のものである請求項11に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 以下の(A)~(C)を含有する樹脂組成物。
(A)主鎖が主として下記一般式(1)で示される繰り返し単位からなり、主として鎖状の構造よりなる液晶性熱可塑性樹脂を用いた、有機熱伝導性添加剤、
-M-Sp- ...(1)
(式中、Mはメソゲン基、Spはスペーサーを示す。)
(B)熱硬化性樹脂
(C)無機充填剤 - 請求項14の樹脂組成物から得られた硬化物。
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EP10816928.5A EP2479202B1 (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2010-04-26 | Thermally-conductive organic additive, resin composition, and cured product |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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JP6193340B2 (ja) | 2017-09-06 |
US20150025188A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
EP2479202A1 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
KR20120080192A (ko) | 2012-07-16 |
JP2016047934A (ja) | 2016-04-07 |
CN102498149A (zh) | 2012-06-13 |
JP6133012B2 (ja) | 2017-05-24 |
KR101717449B1 (ko) | 2017-03-17 |
CN102498149B (zh) | 2013-11-27 |
US20120175549A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 |
JPWO2011033815A1 (ja) | 2013-02-07 |
EP2479202B1 (en) | 2019-02-13 |
US9234095B2 (en) | 2016-01-12 |
EP2479202A4 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
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