Classifications

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Definitions

• the present invention relates generally to a portable device. More particularly, this invention relates to operating a portable device using an accelerometer of the portable device.
• Accelerometers are devices widely used for applications as diverse as vibration monitoring, appliance control, joysticks, industrial process control, space launches, satellite control, and many others.
• an accelerometer has been used in a yehicle as sensor to detect a variety of operating conditions while the vehicle is moving.
• an accelerometer has been used in a computer to sense a sudden move, such as a free fall, of a computer.
• a typical application of an accelerometer in a computer is to protect a read/write head of a hard drive.
• an accelerometer is used in conjunction with software executable within a computer.
• an accelerometer attached to a portable device detects a movement of the portable device.
• a machine executable code is executed to perform a predetermined user configurable operation.
• an accelerometer of a portable device may constantly or periodically monitor the movement of the portable device.
• an orientation of the portable device prior to the movement and after the movement may be determined based on the movement data provided by the accelerometer attached to the portable device.
• an accelerometer may be used to detect a movement of a portable device as a way to trigger whether a page of document or image maybe displayed.
• an accelerometer may be used in a navigation application.
• a portable device having an accelerometer attached therein may be used as a navigation tool to navigate a relatively large object or document that normally cannot be displayed entirely at once within a display of the portable device.
• an accelerometer may be used in a gaming application, where the accelerometer may be used to detect a scene change during a video game running within a portable device.
• an accelerometer maybe used to detect a movement of a portable device and an orientation of the portable device may be determined based on the movement data provided by the accelerometer. Thereafter, one or more interfaces of the portable device may be activated or deactivated based on the determined orientation after the movement.
• an accelerometer may be used to detect and determine activities of a user (e.g., joggling) with a portable device having the accelerometer attached therein.
• an accelerometer may be used to determine whether a portable device is moving (e.g., carried by a user) and the portable device should be put in a proper operating state (e.g., a sleep or hibernated mode).
• an accelerometer may be used to detect whether a portable device is moved according to certain directions, in order to determine whether a password is entered correctly.
• an accelerometer may be used to detect and record a sequence of movements of a portable device, where the recorded movement data may be used to recreate the moving history subsequently (e.g., offline).
• Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary architecture of a portable device according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 2 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for operating a portable device in response to an event generated by an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figures 3 A and 3B are diagrams illustrating an exemplary application that an accelerometer may be utilized according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 4 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary processor for reorienting a displayed document based on an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figures 5A and 5B are diagrams illustrating exemplary movements of a portable device that may be used to trigger displaying a page of document, according to certain embodiments of the invention.
• Figure 6 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for presenting a document based on an accelerometer according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figures 7A and 7B are diagrams illustrating an exemplary navigation application based on an accelerometer according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 8 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for navigating an image based on an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figures 9A and 9B are diagrams illustrating an exemplary gaming application based on an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figures 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating an exemplary gaming application based on an accelerometer, according to another embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 11 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for a gaming application based on an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figures 12A and 12B are diagrams illustrating an exemplary mechanism for activating/deactivating interfaces of a portable device based on an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 13 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for operating interfaces of a portable device based on an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figures 14A and 14B are diagrams illustrating an exemplary mechanism for activating/deactivating multimedia interfaces of a portable device using an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 15 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for reconfiguring multimedia interfaces based on an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 16 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for playing multimedia contents based on an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 17 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for power management of a portable device according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 18 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for processing password according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 19 is flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process. for recreating a trail of movements using an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 20 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary portable device having an accelerometer according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 21 is a block diagram of a digital processing system which may be used with one embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 22 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for motion compensation using an accelerometer according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 23 is flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for detecting an impulse using an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 24 is flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for operating a component of a portable device using an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• an accelerometer has been used within a portable device, such as, for example, a laptop computer, a tablet PC, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a cellular phone, and a digital multimedia player, etc.
• a moving direction also referred to as a moving vector or an acceleration vector, is determined based on the movement data provided by the accelerometer.
• the moving direction and/or the movement data may be provided to a software component (e.g., application software) executed within the portable device.
• the corresponding software component In response to the detection of the movement of the portable device, the corresponding software component performs one or more predetermined user configurable actions, such as, for example, advancing a page of document, etc., based on the moving direction and/or movement data provided by the accelerometer.
• This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, or it may comprise a general purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer.
• a computer program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as, but is not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magnetic-optical disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), erasable programmable ROMs (EPROMs), electrically erasable programmable ROMs (EEPROMs), magnetic or optical cards, or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, and each coupled to a computer system bus.
• ROMs read-only memories
• RAMs random access memories
• EPROMs erasable programmable ROMs
• EEPROMs electrically erasable programmable ROMs
• magnetic or optical cards or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, and each coupled to a computer system bus.
• a machine-readable medium includes any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).
• a machine-readable medium includes read only memory ("ROM”); random access memory (“RAM”); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; flash memory devices; electrical, optical, acoustical or other form of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.); etc.
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary architecture of a portable device according to one embodiment of the invention.
• the exemplary system 100 includes, but is not limited to, a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, the memory having instructions stored therein, and an accelerometer coupled to the processor and the memory to detect movement of the portable device, where the processor executes instructions from the memory to perform one or more predetermined user configurable actions in response to the detection of the movement of the portable device.
• the exemplary system 100 further includes a controller coupled to the accelerometer to determine a direction of the movement based on movement data provided by the accelerometer and to compare the determined direction of the movement with a predetermined direction to determine whether the determined direction relatively matches the predetermined direction in order to execute the instructions.
• exemplary system 100 includes one or more accelerometers 101, one or more controllers 102 coupled to the accelerometers 101, a motion related firmware 103, motion software component 104, and one or more application software 105-107.
• the accelerometer 101 may be attached to the portable device, such as, for example, a motherboard of the portable device. Alternatively, the accelerometer 101 maybe integrated with another component of the portable device. For example, the accelerometer 101 may be integrated with a chipset of the portable device.
• the accelerometer 101 is able to detect a movement including an acceleration and/or de-acceleration of the portable device.
• the accelerometer 101 may generate movement data for multiple dimensions, which maybe used to determine a moving direction of the portable device.
• the accelerometer 101 may generate X, Y, and Z axis acceleration information when the accelerometer 101 detects that the portable device is moved.
• the accelerometer 101 maybe implemented as those described in U.S. Patent No. 6,520,013, which is assigned to a common assignee of the present application.
• the accelerometer 101 maybe implemented using a variety of accelerometers commercially available.
• the accelerometer 101 maybe a KGF01 accelerometer from Kionix or an ADXL311 accelerometer from Analog Devices.
• the exemplary system 100 includes one or more controllers 102 coupled to the accelerometer(s) 101.
• the controller 102 maybe used to calculate a moving direction, also referred to as moving vector, of the portable device.
• the moving vector may be determined according to one or more predetermined formulas based on the movement data (e.g., X, Y, and Z axis moving information) provided by the accelerometer 101. Certain embodiments of calculations of a moving vector will be described in details further below.
• the controller 102 is responsible for monitoring one or more outputs of the accelerometer 101 and communicating with other components, such as, for example, a chipset (e.g., a memory controller or a north bridge) and/or a microprocessor (e.g., a CPU), of the portable device.
• a chipset e.g., a memory controller or a north bridge
• a microprocessor e.g., a CPU
• controller 102 may be implemented using a variety of microcontrollers commercially available.
• controller 102 may be a PIC 1 F818 microcontroller from Microchip.
• Controller 102 may be integrated with the accelerometer 101.
• controller 102 maybe integrated with other components, such as, for example, a chipset or a microprocessor, of the portable device.
• the controller 102 may communicate with other components via a bus, such as, for example, an I2C (inter-IC) bus, and an interrupt line.
• a bus such as, for example, an I2C (inter-IC) bus
• an interrupt line to other components, such as, firmware 103, to notify them of such a movement.
• the controller 102 may further calculate a moving vector based on the movement data provided by the accelerometer 101. Further detailed information concerning the communications between the controller 102 and other components of the portable device will be described further below.
• motion firmware 103 includes one or more pieces of machine executable code, which may be embedded within one or more hardware components, such as, for example, controller 102 or a chipset (e.g., a part of BIOS, also referred to as basic input/output system), of the portable device.
• motion firmware 103 may be stored in a read-only memory (ROM) (e.g., a flash memory) of controller 102.
• ROM read-only memory
• the machine executable code of motion firmware 103 may be upgraded by uploading a newer version into the memory, for example, using a flash utility.
• the firmware 103 may be responsible for detecting any events that are generated in response to the movement detection.
• the firmware 103 provides a primary communications mechanism between controller 102 and other components, such as, for example, an operating system (OS), of the portable device.
• OS operating system
• Motion software 104 may be responsible for communicating between the motion firmware 103 and the rest of software components, such as application software components 105-107, as well as the operating system.
• the motion software 104 may be implemented as a part of an operating system, such as, for example, a kernel component or a device driver, etc.
• the operating system may be implemented using a variety of operating systems commercially available.
• the operating system may be a Mac OS from Apple Computer.
• the operating system may be a Windows operating system from Microsoft.
• Other operating systems such as, for example, a Unix, a Linux, an embedded operating system (e.g., a Palm OS), or a real-time operating system, may also be implemented.
• the motion software component 104 may communicate the event to one or more application software 105-107.
• the application software 105-107 may perform certain operations.
• the applications 105-107 maybe a variety of different applications, such as, for example, a browser, a word processor, a slide presentation, etc. Certain embodiments of the operations performed by the applications 105-107 will be described in details further below.
• Figure 2 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for operating a portable device in response to an event generated by an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Exemplary process 200 may be performed by a processing logic that may comprise hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as is run on a dedicated machine), or a combination of both.
• exemplary process 200 includes, but is not limited to, detecting movement of a portable device using an accelerometer attached to the portable device, and executing machine-executable code to perform one or more predetermined user configurable actions in response to the detection of the movement of the portable device.
• a movement of a portable device is detected using an accelerometer (e.g., accelerometer 101 of Figure 1) attached to the portable device.
• the accelerometer may generate movement data for multiple dimensions (e.g., X, Y, and Z axes).
• a direction of the movement is determined based on the movement data provided by the accelerometer. In one embodiment, the direction of the movement is determined by a controller (e.g., controller 102 of Figure 1).
• one or more machine executable code may be executed to perform one or more predetermined user configurable actions, such as, for example, advancing a Web page, etc. Other operations may also be performed.
• an accelerometer of a portable device may constantly or periodically monitor the movement of the portable device. As a result, an orientation of the portable device prior to the movement and after the movement may be determined based on the movement data provided by the accelerometer attached to the portable device.
• Figures 3A and 3B are diagrams illustrating an exemplary application that an accelerometer maybe utilized according to one embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, and throughout the application, a tablet device is used as an example of a portable device. But it is not so limited.
• portable devices such as, a laptop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a personal communicator (e.g., a blackberry from Research In Motion), a cellular phone, or a multimedia player (e.g., an MP3 player), etc., may also be utilized.
• PDA personal digital assistant
• a personal communicator e.g., a blackberry from Research In Motion
• a cellular phone e.g., a cellular phone
• multimedia player e.g., an MP3 player
• the portable device is in an orientation 301 having a page of document 303 displayed within a display of the portable device.
• the document page 303 is displayed properly from a viewpoint of a user facing the display given the orientation 301 , which may be detected and determined by an accelerometer and a controller associated with it, periodically or constantly.
• the accelerometer may detect such a movement.
• the controller e.g., controller 102 of Figure 1 may determine a moving direction based on the movement data provided by the accelerometer and notify the appropriate components of the portable device, such as, firmware 103, motion software 104, and/or applications 105-107 of Figure 1. Such a notification may be performed via an interrupt or by pulling one or more registers of the controller and/or accelerometer.
• the controller may further determine an orientation of the portable device after the movement.
• the orientation of the document page 303 may be adjusted in accordance with the determined orientation after the movement, as shown in Figure 3B.
• the orientation of the displayed document page may be adjusted after the movement to be relatively identical to the orientation prior to the movement. As a result, even though the orientation of the portable device has changed, the orientation of the displayed document page remains relatively the same, particularly, in a viewpoint of a user facing the display of the portable device.
• the adjustment of the orientation of the document page 303 maybe performed by a display driver (e.g., a video driver) that transmits the displayed data (e.g., the document page) to a display of the portable device.
• the adjustment of the orientation may be performed by the original application software (e.g., applications 105-107 of Figure 1) that provides the document page 303 (e.g., a browser that provides a Web page or a word processor that provides a page of a document).
• the moving direction 304 shown in Figures 3 A and 3B is for illustration purposes only. Other moving directions, such as those or a combination of those shown in Figure 5 A, may also be implemented.
• the portable device is rotated left in 90 degrees for the illustration purposes only. The portable device may be rotated, moved in parallel, or a combination of both or multiple dimensions and in any moving step sizes.
• FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary processor for reorienting a displayed document based on an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Exemplary process 400 may be performed by a processing logic that may comprise hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as is run on a dedicated machine), or a combination of both.
• exemplary process 400 includes, but is not limited to, detecting movement of a portable device using an accelerometer attached to the portable device, determining an orientation of the portable device after the movement based on movement data provided by the accelerometer, and displaying an image on a display of the portable device according to an orientation that is relatively identical to an orientation of the image prior to the movement.
• a movement of a portable device from a first orientation is detected using an accelerometer attached to the portable device.
• a moving direction is determined based on movement data, such as X, Y, and Z axis information, provided by the accelerometer.
• the determination may be performed by a controller coupled to the accelerometer (e.g., controller 102 of Figure 1).
• the moving direction may be determined according to one or more predetermined formulas.
• a second orientation of the portable device may be determined based on the movement data provided by the accelerometer.
• an orientation of a displayed document page may be adjusted based on the determined second orientation.
• an accelerometer may be used to detect a movement of a portable device as a way to trigger whether a page of document or image may be displayed. For example, when a portable device is moved (e.g., a sudden move) towards a predetermined direction, the accelerometer may detect such a movement and application software may display a particular page in response to the detection of the movement.
• FIG. 5 A is a diagram illustrating exemplary movements of a portable device that maybe used to trigger displaying a page of document, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• a first page of document is displayed on a display 507 of the portable device 500.
• an accelerometer e.g., accelerometer 101 of Figure 1
• the accelerometer may notify, via the associated controller, firmware, and/or OS, other components such as application software, particularly the one providing the first page of document being displayed.
• the accelerometer may notify a controller (e.g., controller 102 of Figure 1) including providing the movement data (e.g., X, Y, and Z axes).
• the controller and/or the firmware may calculate the moving vector of the movement based on the movement data provided by the accelerometer. Thereafter, the controller may signal other components, such as motion software component (e.g., motion software 104) and/or the operating system.
• the motion software and/or the operating system may compare the moving vector with a predetermined direction to determine whether the moving vector relatively matches the predetermined direction, for example, based on a predetermined threshold.
• the predetermined direction and the threshold (e.g., sensitivity) associated with the predetermined direction maybe user configurable via a user interface.
• a sensitivity may be configured based on different profiles associated with the portable device at a given time and place.
• the sensitivity of the portable device may be different when it is at a home/office versus on a moving platform (e.g., a car, a train, a ship or an airplane, etc.)
• the portable device may include a mechanism to intelligently filter out some "noisy" movement background.
• the moving vector relatively matches the predetermined direction, the associated application software may be notified.
• the associated application software may perform certain operations, including displaying a second page different than the first page on the display.
• the second page of the document may be a next page or a previous page of the document.
• the document may be a word document produced by a word processor, such as, a word processor from Microsoft Office.
• the document may be a Web page presented by a browser, such as, Internet Explorer from Microsoft or a Netscape communicator from Netscape Communications.
• the document may be a slide presentation, for example, presented by PowerPoint of Microsoft or by Keynote of Apple Computer.
• the moving directions may include a moving direction that is parallel with a surface of the portable device (e.g., a display surface 507 of the portable device) as shown as directions 501 and 502.
• the moving directions may include a rotation of the portable device with respect to an axis parallel with an edge (e.g., edges 505 and 506) of the portable device, as shown as directions 503 and 504.
• the moving directions of the portable device maybe a combination of the above directions.
• the movement may be multiple dimension spin with respect to a corner of the portable device 500. Other types of the movements may be utilized.
• FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating an exemplary movement of a portable device that maybe used to trigger displaying a page of document, according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.
• the portable device 551 maybe placed on a supporting surface 552.
• the application software running within the portable device 551 may be configured as in a "default" mode.
• the sudden force When a sudden force is applied to the supporting surface 552, the sudden force causes an oscillation of the supporting surface 552.
• the sudden force may be provided by a user tabbing the supporting surface.
• an accelerometer attached to the portable device 551 may detect such an oscillation.
• the accelerometer may notify, via the firmware and/or the controller, etc., the associated application software.
• the application software may display a next page, a previous page, or a specific page of the document, which may be user configurable via a user interface. It is particularly useful when the portable device is placed on a desk and hooked up with a presentation projector. A user who is doing the presentation may simply tab on the desk to advance a next page of presentation without having to press a key of a keyboard (e.g., the "Enter” key or the space bar) or a mouse of the portable device.
• a keyboard e.g., the "Enter” key or the space bar
• FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for presenting a document based on an accelerometer according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Exemplary process 600 may be performed by a processing logic that may comprise hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as is run on a dedicated machine), or a combination of both.
• exemplary process 600 includes, but is not limited to, displaying a first page of a document on a display of a portable device, detecting movement of the portable device using an accelerometer attached to the portable device, and displaying a second page of the document different than the first page in response to the detection of the movement.
• a movement of a portable device is detected using an accelerometer attached to the portable device.
• a moving direction of the movement is determined based on the movement data provided by the accelerometer, for example, X, Y, Z, axis information.
• the moving direction may be determined by the associated controller and/or the associated firmware.
• an accelerometer may be used in a navigation application.
• a portable device having an accelerometer attached therein may be used as a navigation tool to navigate a relatively large object or document that normally cannot be displayed entirely at once within a display of the portable device.
• FIGs 7A and 7B are diagrams illustrating an exemplary navigation application based on an accelerometer according to one embodiment of the invention.
• a portion of a map is displayed initially as shown in Figure 7A.
• the map normally cannot be displayed entirely as a whole within a display of the portable device 700 with a certain detail level. For example, when a user "zoom in" on a map, only a portion of the map can be displayed within the display. As the user navigates throughout a first portion of the map, the user may wish to gradually navigate into a second portion of the map from the first portion.
• a user holding the portable device 700 may move the portable device 700 towards a direction that the user wishes to navigate, for example, in accordance with direction 703 (e.g., northeast direction as an example).
• an accelerometer attached to the portable device 700 may detect such a movement.
• the accelerometer may provide movement data (e.g., X, Y, and Z, axis information) to a controller and/or firmware of the portable device.
• the associated controller and/or firmware may calculate a moving direction and/or moving distance based on the movement data provided by the accelerometer, using one or more predetermined formulas. Thereafter, the controller and/or firmware may communicate the moving direction to the associated application software that is currently providing the map.
• the application software may determine the second portion of the map based on the moving direction, moving distance, and/or moving acceleration data provided by the controller and/or firmware. The application software then displays the second portion accordingly. As a result, the user does not have to press and/or click a button in order to navigate other portions of the map. Note that the moving direction 703 is shown for the illustration purposes only. Any other directions may be applied.
• the second portion of the map may be displayed via a transition from the first portion. That is, multiple intermediate portions between the first and second portions may be sequentially displayed to form a transition from the first portion to the second portion. As a result, the second portion "comes into" the display of the portable device gradually.
• the transition from the first portion to the second portion is displayed as if the user moves the portable device on a relatively large map, while the map remains steady.
• the transition is displayed as if the user holds the portable device as a magnifier to navigate a large map, a large newspaper, or a Web page, etc.
• certain movements may be used to "zoom in” or "zoom out” on the displayed page.
• a movement parallel to a surface (e.g., a display surface) of the portable device may be used to navigate different portions of the displayed page
• a rotation of the portable device may be used to zoom in or zoom out on the displayed page, which may change the resolution of the displayed page.
• a user may tilt up the portable device as a way to zoom out and may tilt down the portable device as a way to zoom in.
• Other moving directions such as those or a combination of those shown in Figure 5 A, may also be utilized.
• the techniques described above may be used in a virtual reality environment.
• it allows a user to use the accelerometer equipped portable display device as a portable and controllable window into a virtual reality image database.
• a user holding the tablet can turn around and see the view looking backwards from a position in a two or three dimensional image or object database as if the user walks into a virtual reality game space.
• a user may perform an inspection of an image panorama where the view in different directions is provided by multiple cameras pointing outward in different directions from a single location.
• FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for navigating an image based on an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Exemplary process 800 may be performed by a processing logic that may comprise hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as is run on a dedicated machine), or a combination of both.
• exemplary process 800 includes, but is not limited to, displaying a first portion of a document page on a display of the portable device prior to the movement, and displaying a second portion of the document page different than the first portion on the display of the portable device if the determined direction of the movement relatively matches the predetermined direction.
• a first portion of an image (e.g., a portion of a map as shown in Figure 7A) is displayed on a display of a portable device.
• the image may be a part of a panorama image, a virtual reality image database, a three dimensional image database, or an environment formed by multiple camera inputs, etc.
• a movement of the portable device is detected using an accelerometer attached to the portable device.
• a moving direction is calculated based on the movement data (e.g., X, Y, and Z axis information) provided by the accelerometer.
• the accelerometer signals the associated controller and/or firmware with the movement data.
• the controller and/or firmware may calculate the moving direction based on the movement data. Alternatively, the calculation of the moving direction may be performed by other components of the portable device, such as, for example, the motion software component 104 of Figure 1 and/or the operating system of the portable device.
• a second portion of the image is displayed based on the determined moving direction. In one embodiment, multiple intermediate portions of the image may be displayed that forms a transition from the first portion to the second portion. The second portion is displayed as if the portable device is moving while the displayed image remains steady. Other operations may also be performed.
• an accelerometer may be used in a gaming application, where the accelerometer may be used to detect a scene change during a video game running within a portable device.
• Figures 9A and 9B are diagrams illustrating an exemplary gaming application based on an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• a user is holding a portable device 900 as a steering wheel as if the user is driving a vehicle facing a first scene 901.
• a direction such as, for example, direction 903
• the displayed scene may be changed to a second scene 902 as shown in Figure 9B.
• the accelerometer attached to the portable device detects such a movement.
• the accelerometer may provide movement data (e.g., X, Y, and Z axis information) to a controller and/or firmware of the portable device.
• the associated controller and/or firmware may calculate a moving direction based on the movement data provided by the accelerometer, using one or more predetermined formulas. Thereafter, the controller and/or firmware may communicate the moving direction and/or moving distance or acceleration to the associated gaming application software that is currently providing the game.
• the gaming application software may determine the second scene of the game based on the moving direction, moving distance, and/or moving acceleration provided by the controller and/or firmware. The gaming application software then displays the second scene accordingly. As a result, the user does not have to press and/or click a button in order to change a scene of the game.
• the moving direction 903 is shown for the illustration purposes only. Any other directions may be applied.
• the second scene of the game may be displayed via a transition from the first scene. That is, multiple intermediate scenes between the first and second scenes may be sequentially displayed to form a transition from the first scene to the second scene. As a result, the second scene "comes into” the display of the portable device gradually.
• certain movements may be detected as a way to accelerate and/or de-accelerate the driving vehicle. For example, the displayed scene maybe changed to show an acceleration of the vehicle when the portable device is tilted up (e.g., similar to stepping on the gas). Similarly, the displayed scene may be changed to show a de-acceleration of the vehicle when the portable device is tilted down (e.g., similar to stepping on the brake).
• FIGS 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating an exemplary gaming application based on an accelerometer, according to another embodiment of the invention.
• a user is holding a portable device having an accelerometer built-in therein as a steering wheel of a vehicle.
• an accelerometer attached to the portable device may be used to detect whether the portable device (e.g., the steering wheel) has been turned accordingly and whether the turning angle or distance is appropriate.
• the associated gaming application software may perform certain predetermined actions. For example, the gaming application may generate an alarm to the user, such as, for example, a vibration of the portable device or an audio alert, etc. In addition, an off-road scene maybe displayed. If it is detected that the user does not respond to the changing of the road condition for a period of time, a crashed scene may be displayed accordingly.
• other moving directions may be used to "look up" and "look down” from a viewpoint of a user holding the portable device.
• a user could hold a portable device as if the user is driving a flying object (e.g., an airplane), where an accelerometer may be used to detect the movement of the portable device in order to determine where the flying object is heading. For example, the flying object is going up when the portable device is tilted up and the flying object is going down when the portable device is tilted down.
• a flying object e.g., an airplane
• an accelerometer may be used to detect the movement of the portable device in order to determine where the flying object is heading.
• the flying object is going up when the portable device is tilted up and the flying object is going down when the portable device is tilted down.
• Other directions such as, for example, those or a combination of those shown in Figure 5 A, may be utilized to enable the flying object to fly any directions.
• a vertical movement of the portable device parallel to the display surface of the portable device may be used to detect whether a user is in a standup shooting position or in a hiding position. For example, when the portable device is moved down, a protection barrier may be displayed blocking the opponents to indicate that a user holding the portable device as a shooting weapon is hiding behind the protection barrier. When the portable device is moved up, the protection barrier may be removed exposing the opponents to indicate that the user is in a shooting position without protection.
• Other gaming configurations may exist.
• FIG 11 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for a gaming application based on an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Exemplary process 1100 may be performed by a processing logic that may comprise hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as is run on a dedicated machine), or a combination of both.
• exemplary process 1100 includes, but is not limited to, displaying a sequence of images transitioning towards a direction from a first scene to a second scene from a viewpoint of a user, detecting whether the movement of the portable device is in accordance with a direction associated with the direction of the transition from the viewpoint of the user, and performing a predetermined operation if the movement is not detected in accordance with a direction associated with the direction of the transition.
• a sequence of images transitioning from a first scene to a second scene is displayed on a display of a portable device.
• a movement of the portable device is detected using an accelerometer attached to the portable device.
• a moving direction of the portable device is determined based on movement data provided by the accelerometer. In one embodiment, the moving direction is determined by a controller and/or firmware coupled to the accelerometer, similar to the configuration shown in Figure 1.
• one or more predetermined operations such as, for example, causing vibration of the portable device, generating an audio alert, or a combination of both, maybe performed. Other operations may also be performed.
• an accelerometer may be used to detect a movement of a portable device and an orientation of the portable device may be determined based on the movement data provided by the accelerometer. Thereafter, one or more interfaces of the portable device may be activated or deactivated based on the determined orientation after the movement.
• Figures 12A and 12B are diagrams illustrating an exemplary mechanism for activating/deactivating interfaces of a portable device based on an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• multiple interfaces 1204-1207 are disposed on multiple locations of the portable device.
• interfaces 1204-1207 are described herein as wireless interfaces, such as, for example, antennas or wireless transceivers. It will be appreciated that other interfaces may also be applied.
• FIG. 12A initially for a given orientation 1201, document 1203 is displayed.
• an accelerometer attached to the portable device may detect such a movement and orientation 1201 is determined by the associated controller and/or firmware coupled to the accelerometer similar to those shown in Figure 1.
• wireless interfaces 1204 and 1205 are in the best positions to transmit and/or receive wireless signals given the orientation 1201 (e.g., receiving and/or transmitting strongest signals), while the wireless interfaces 1206-1207 are in relatively weak positions.
• wireless interfaces 1204-1205 may be activated and wireless interfaces 1206-1207 maybe optionally de-activated.
• the portable device When the portable device is moved, for example, rotated according to the direction 1208 for 90 degrees, the portable device may end up with different orientation 1202 as shown in Figure 12B.
• An accelerometer attached to the portable device may detect such a movement and communicate the movement data to other components of the portable device as described above.
• the wireless interfaces 1204-1207 maybe reevaluated whether the existing configuration is still the best configuration for the orientation after the movement.
• wireless interfaces of the top and bottom positions of the portable device are considered at the best positions.
• the original wireless interfaces 1204-1205 that were in the best positions may not be in the best positions anymore. Rather, the wireless interfaces 1206-1207 that were not in the best positions now may be in the best positions.
• wireless interfaces 1206 and 1207 maybe activated as shown in bold, since they are in the best positions.
• the wireless interfaces 1204-1205 may be deactivated since they are no longer in the best positions.
• the portable device in addition to detect whether the portable device is moved, it is also determined whether the portable device is picked up or held by a user based on the movement data provided by the accelerometer. In one embodiment, such a determination may be performed by a controller and/or firmware coupled to the accelerometer similar to the configuration shown in Figure 1. If it is determined that the portable device is held by a user, it may be further determined or predicted the location of the user's hands 1208-1209 holding the portable device.
• FIG. 12A is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for operating interfaces of a portable device based on an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Exemplary process 1300 may be performed by a processing logic that may comprise hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as is run on a dedicated machine), or a combination of both.
• exemplary process 1300 includes, but is not limited to, detecting a movement of a portable device using an accelerometer attached to the portable device, determining an orientation of the portable device after the movement based on movement data provided by the accelerometer, and activating at least one interface of the portable device that is best suitable for given the determined orientation.
• a movement of a portable device is detected using an accelerometer attached to the portable device, where the portable device includes multiple interfaces (e.g., wireless interfaces) disposed on multiple locations.
• an orientation of the portable device after the movement is determined based on movement data provided by the accelerometer.
• one or more interfaces may be activated or deactivated based on the determined orientation. Optionally, some of the interfaces that are covered by the predicted user's hands may be deactivated while activating those that are not covered. Other operations may also be performed.
• FIGs 14A and 14B are diagrams illustrating an exemplary mechanism for activating/deactivating multimedia interfaces of a portable device using an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• one or more speakers are used as multimedia interfaces of the portable devices.
• a portable device includes multiple speakers 1405-1408 disposed on different locations of the portable device and a document page 1403 is optionally displayed on a display of the portable device.
• an audio driver maybe configured to generate proper 3D surround sound considering speakers 1405-1406 on the left and speakers 1407-1408 on the right.
• a second orientation 1402 is detected and determined by an accelerometer and its associated controller and/or firmware as shown in Figure 14B.
• the positions of the speakers 1405-1408 may be reevaluated whether the existing configuration is still the best configuration for the orientation after the movement.
• originally left speakers 1405 and 1406 are at the bottom while originally right speakers 1407 and 1408 are on the top as shown in Figure 14B.
• the existing audio conditions have changed and the sound effects are not longer in the best state.
• the audio driver may be reconfigured to produce an audio quality relatively equivalent to the one prior to the movement of the portable device.
• speakers 1405 and 1407 may be used as speakers on the left while speakers 1406 and 1408 maybe used as speakers on the right, in order to produce proper sound effects.
• Other configurations may also exist.
• FIG. 15 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for reconfiguring multimedia interfaces based on an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Exemplary process 1500 may be performed by a processing logic that may comprise hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as is run on a dedicated machine), or a combination of both.
• a processing logic may comprise hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as is run on a dedicated machine), or a combination of both.
• a movement of a portable device is detected using an accelerometer attached to the portable device, where the portable device includes multiple multimedia interfaces or devices disposed on different locations.
• an orientation of the portable device after the movement is determined based on the movement data provided by the accelerometer.
• one or more multimedia interfaces may be optionally activated or deactivated based on the determined orientation.
• one or more multimedia devices are driven to produce best results given the determined orientation after the movement. Other operations may also be performed.
• wireless interfaces and audio interfaces are used as an example herein, it is not so limited. Other types of interfaces, such as, for example, a video interface, a microphone, and a camera, may also be applied.
• some devices may only be properly used when the machine is in a certain orientation or a different orientation than it is normally used.
• Media insertion for example, may require the device to be placed on its side or upside down to provide access.
• Ejecting media may require the device to be placed on its side or upside down to prevent the media from being blocked or falling to the floor.
• a user may initiate an ejection of a media from a media device or component (e.g., a CD from a CD ROM device) by pressing a button or other controls.
• the device prepares to eject the media or to unmount a disk, etc.
• a control module or application software controlling the device may detect that the portable device is not in a position suitable for ejecting the media using an accelerometer attached to the device. As a result, the device may wait for the unit to be positioned in a proper position or orientation by periodically or constantly reading acceleration data from the accelerometer.
• the application software associated with the device may further notify a user of the device (e.g., pop up a message or an audio alarm, etc.) that the device needs to be certain positions in order to complete the user's request. Once the device is in a proper orientation, the requested operations may be performed (e.g., ejecting the media).
• an accelerometer can be used to abort an operation if the user doesn't reorient the unit. If the device is not repositioned into a proper or predetermined position within a time period, the device can cancel the requested operations or provide the user with further instructions.
• an accelerometer may be used to detect the orientation or in order to enable and/or disable input devices mounted on the sides or bottom of the device. For example, there could be an eject button on the bottom of the device that is disabled when the device is upright. This way, the button is not activated by the user placing the device on a desk or in their lap.
• FIG. 24 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for activating or deactivating a device according to another embodiment of the invention. Exemplary process may be performed by a processing logic that may comprise hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as is run on a dedicated machine), or a combination of both.
• a processing logic may comprise hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as is run on a dedicated machine), or a combination of both.
• a request for transitioning a component of a portable device from a first operating state into a second operating state is received (e.g., ejecting a portable storage device).
• the component of the portable device is then transitioned from the first operating state into the second operating state (e.g., opening a tray of a CD ROM).
• the requested transition is rejected or suspended, leaving the component of the portable device remained in the first operating state or other states (e.g., a tri-state, etc.)
• the position or orientation of the portable device is periodically or constantly monitored using the accelerometer, where the requested operations may be resumed once the position or orientation of the portable device is detected to be in a proper position or orientation.
• the requested operations may be aborted if the portable device is not in a proper position or orientation for a predetermined period of time.
• a notification may be generated to notify the user of the portable device to put the portable device in certain positions in order to complete the requested operations.
• Other operations may also be performed.
• an accelerometer may be used to detect and determine activities of a user with a portable device having the accelerometer attached therein.
• an accelerometer attached to a portable device which may be held by a user, may detect that the user is joggling while holding the portable device.
• the portable device may be digital multimedia player (e.g., an MP3 player).
• the accelerometer attached to the portable device may detect that the movements of the portable device caused by the user's activities may be repetitive.
• a repetitive rate of the movements of the portable device may be determined, for example, by a controller and/or firmware coupled to the accelerometer, similar to the configuration shown in Figure 1.
• an application software e.g., a Windows media player from Microsoft or a real player from Real Networks
• may adjust a rhythm of multimedia contents currently being played by the portable device may be adjusted to relatively match the determined repetitive rate of the movements.
• the tempo of a music currently played by an MP3 player may be adjusted to relatively match the joggling rate of the user holding the MP3 player.
• an application software may further select and play a multimedia content that is best suitable for the determined user's activities (e.g., joggling rate).
• a user may configure a multimedia player via a user interface that under certain circumstances, certain types of multimedia contents may be selected and played.
• an associated type of multimedia contents may be selected and played accordingly.
• Figure 16 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for playing multimedia contents based on an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Exemplary process 1600 may be performed by a processing logic that may comprise hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as is run on a dedicated machine), or a combination of both.
• a processing logic may comprise hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as is run on a dedicated machine), or a combination of both.
• a movement of a portable device is detected using an accelerometer attached to the portable device, where the movement of the portable device is repeated for every certain period of time.
• the repetitive rate of the movements of the portable device is determined based on the movement data provided by the accelerometer.
• a digital multimedia content having a rhythm relatively matched with the determined repetitive rate is optionally selected and played.
• a rhythm of the multimedia content currently played is adjusted to relatively match the determined repetitive rate of the movements. Other operations may also be performed.
• an accelerometer may be used to determine whether a portable device is moving (e.g., carried by a user) and the portable device should be put in a proper operating state.
• the portable device when a portable device is in an inactive state and the portable device is moving, which is detected via an accelerometer attached to the portable device, the portable device may be put in a relatively low power mode, such as, for example, a sleep mode.
• a relatively low power mode such as, for example, a sleep mode.
• a laptop computer having its lid closed may be considered being in an inactive state. Since the lid of the laptop computer is closed, the user may not actively operate the laptop computer.
• a laptop computer is considered in the inactive state when its desktop is locked. Other situations may also be considered as inactive states, which maybe user configurable.
• the laptop computer may be put into a low power mode.
• the laptop may be unsafe to write any data to a permanent storage device (e.g., a hard drive).
• a read/write head of the permanent storage device may be parked to a safe place without writing the data to the permanent storage device.
• the portable device may be put into a hibernated mode, where the content of the system memory may be swapped into a permanent storage device (e.g., a hard drive). Since the portable device is not moving, it is relatively safe to write data to the permanent storage device.
• FIG 17 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for power management of a portable device according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Exemplary process 1700 may be performed by a processing logic that may comprise hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as is run on a dedicated machine), or a combination of both.
• a portable device is determined whether the portable device is in an inactive state. For example, when the lid of the portable device is closed or its desktop is locked, the portable device is considered being in an inactive state.
• the portable device is detected whether the portable device is moving (e.g., whether the portable device is carried by a user) using an accelerometer attached to the portable device.
• an accelerometer may be used to detect whether a portable device is moved according to certain directions, in order to determine whether a password is entered correctly.
• an accelerometer attached to the portable device may detect such movement(s) and a moving direction may be determined, for example, by the associated controller and/or the firmware. If the moving direction relatively matches a predetermined direction, it is considered that the password has been "entered" correctly.
• a user may be required to enter a first portion of the password on a portable device. Then the user is required to move the portable device according to certain directions. Thereafter, the user is required to enter a second portion of the password (e.g., the rest of the password).
• a second portion of the password e.g., the rest of the password.
• a combination of the password entered and certain movements of portable device constitutes a complete password.
• Other configurations may exist.
• FIG. 18 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for processing password according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Exemplary process 1800 may be performed by a processing logic that may comprise hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as is run on a dedicated machine), or a combination of both.
• a user is requested to enter a password on a portable device.
• it is detected whether the portable device is moved using an accelerometer attached to the portable device.
• a moving direction is determined based on the movement data provided by the accelerometer.
• an indication is issued indicating whether the password is "entered” correctly based on whether the moving direction relatively matches the predetermined direction. Other operations may also be performed.
• an accelerometer may be used to detect and record a sequence of movements of a portable device, where the recorded movement data may be used to recreate the moving history subsequently (e.g., offline).
• an accelerometer attached to the portable device detects and records such movements.
• the movement data recorded by the accelerometer may be stored in a storage device (e.g., a hard drive) of the portable device during the movements.
• the movement data may be transmitted to a remote facility over a network (e.g., a wireless network) during the movements. Subsequently, after the movements, a trail representing the movements over the period of time may be recreated using the movement data provided by the accelerometer.
• a user may carry the portable device having an accelerometer attached therein and go onto a roller coaster ride.
• the accelerometer may detect and store the movement data into a storage device, or alternatively, transmit the movement data to a remote facility over a network.
• the movement data may be used to recreate a plot of the roller coaster ride.
• the roller coaster ride is used as an example only, the techniques described above maybe applied to other situations.
• a user who carrying an accelerometer, either attached to a portable device or attached to a vehicle may drive a vehicle to different locations to perform a survey, in order to create a map for those locations. The map may be subsequently created using the movement data collected by the accelerometer during the drive.
• FIG 19 is flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for recreating a trail of movements using an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Exemplary process 1900 may be performed by a processing logic that may comprise hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as is run on a dedicated machine), or a combination of both.
• a processing logic may comprise hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as is run on a dedicated machine), or a combination of both.
• a sequence of movements of a portable device is detected using an accelerometer attached to the portable device.
• a vehicle may be considered as a portable device herein.
• amoving direction of each of the sequential movements and the time between each movement are determined.
• the information may be stored in a storage device of the portable device.
• the information may be dynamically transmitted to a remote facility over a network (e.g., a wireless network).
• a network e.g., a wireless network.
• a trail representing the movement history may be recreated using the stored movement data.
• Other operations may also be performed.
• an accelerometer may be used to detect a movement of a portable device and motion compensation may be applied in response to the detection.
• an accelerometer attached to a portable device may detect that a user using the portable device (e.g., reading an electronic document displayed on a display of the portable device) may be riding on a bouncing vehicle.
• motion compensation may be performed for the displayed document such that the electronic document may remain relatively the same position with respect to eyes of the user.
• position of the display platform as a function of time in the plane of the display may be calculated by appropriately integrating the signals received from the accelerometer.
• the image is then translated vertically and horizontally on the display as a function of time to keep the image position substantially fixed in space independent of the motion of the display in the plane of the display.
• Such movements e.g., sudden movement such as bounce
• Such movements may be represented via relatively high frequency component of the moving data provided by the accelerometer.
• Low frequency components of the display motion such as those caused by the forward velocity of the vehicle may not be compensated in order to prevent the image from drifting off the screen when the vehicle goes up and down hills or around curves.
• such techniques may also be applied to electronic games played by a portable device while riding on a bouncing platform.
• FIG 22 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for motion compensation using an accelerometer, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Exemplary process may be performed by a processing logic that may comprise hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as is run on a dedicated machine), or a combination of both.
• the exemplary process includes, but is not limited to, detecting a movement of a portable device using an accelerometer attached to the portable device, determining a moving direction of the portable device based on movement data provided by the accelerometer, and adjusting a position of a displayed object on a display of the portable device to compensate the movement of the portable device, such that the adjusted displayed object remain relatively identical position with respect to a user of the portable device.
• a movement of a portable device is detected using an accelerometer attached to the portable device.
• the movement is detected as a function of time from a location as a part of moving data provided by the accelerometer.
• the moving data may include relatively high frequency components representing sudden movements and relatively low frequency component representing slow movements.
• the relatively high frequency components of the moving data are extracted in a plane of the display (e.g., the components of the motion which degrade human visual acuity for reading of a displayed document or inspecting a still image, etc.)
• the position of the displayed document or image may be shifted based on the extracted high frequency components to compensate for the high frequency motion (e.g., sudden moves) of the portable device.
• the displayed document or image may be maintained relatively stable in space with respect to the user.
• Other operations may also be performed.
• an accelerometer may be used to detect impulses given by a user of a portable device.
• the techniques allow the user to give impulses, in a physical sense of giving a controlled momentum transfer, as inputs to a portable or fixed device for use by an application program. For example, these impulses can appear to initiate or deflect motion of objects on the display in proportion to the magnitude and direction of the impulse. This will enable games (e.g., billiards and other ball games) and educational/engineering explorations (e.g., response of a structure to a tap).
• a user may "toss" a cursor across a display of a portable device by tapping on the side of the portable device.
• the accelerometer attached to the portable device may detect such a force that causes a movement of the portable device.
• a direction and magnitude of the force may be determined based on the movement data provided by the accelerometer.
• a tap on the side of the device will cause the cursor to move in a fashion analogous to tapping a small object and causing it to slide some distance across a surface.
• video games e.g., golf, bowling, tennis, etc.
• FIG 23 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for impulse detection according to one embodiment of the invention. Exemplary process may be performed by a processing logic that may comprise hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as is run on a dedicated machine), or a combination of both.
• a processing logic may comprise hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as is run on a dedicated machine), or a combination of both.
• exemplary process includes, but is not limited to, detecting a movement of a portable device using an accelerometer attached to the portable device, in response to a force applied to the portable device, calculating a magnitude and a direction of the force based on acceleration information provided by the accelerometer, and moving a displayed object from a first location to a second location on a display of the portable device, wherein the direction and distance between the first and second locations are determined based on the calculated magnitude and direction of the force.
• an accelerometer attached to a portable device detects three-axis acceleration as a function of time in response to a tap on the portable device (e.g., a user taps an edge of the portable device with a hand).
• a value is calculated proportional to a magnitude of the impulse delivered to the device by performing the time integration of the components of the three-axis acceleration.
• the value may be determined based on the integration of the absolute value of the resultant acceleration vector, for example, determined by vector addition of the three components of the acceleration (e.g., X, Y, and Z, axis acceleration information).
• a direction of the impulse delivered to the portable device as a result of tapping the portable device is determined.
• the direction is calculated by a microcontroller and/or firmware coupled to the accelerometer based on the moving data provided by the accelerometer.
• the application software causes a displayed object to move in a distance with a direction relatively associated with the determined direction and magnitude of the impulse.
• a displayed object maybe a cursor.
• the displayed object may be a ball as in billiards or pinball, a bowling ball in a bowling game, a racquet or paddle as in tennis, a structure to observe deformation, and/or kinetic motion, etc.
• the above techniques may also be applied to other similar types of applications apparent to those with ordinary skill in the art.
• FIG 20 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary portable device having an accelerometer according to one embodiment of the invention.
• exemplary system 2000 may represent at least a portion (e.g., a subsystem) of the exemplary system 100 shown in Figure 1 or exemplary system 2100 of Figure 21.
• exemplary system 2000 includes one or more accelerometers 2001, one or more microcontrollers 2002, a host chipset 2003 that maybe coupled to a video adapter 2004 and an audio device 2005, and one or more peripheral devices 2006.
• the accelerometer 2001 is a 3-axis accelerometer, which may provide acceleration data on X, Y, and Z axes.
• the accelerometer is an electromechanical micro machine encapsulated in a chip package. It presents three analog outputs (e.g., X, Y, and Z axes) whose values are directly proportional to the acceleration being measured along corresponding axes in 3- space.
• the accelerometer 2001 may be a KGF01 accelerometer from Kionix or an ADXL311 accelerometer from Analog Devices.
• the microcontroller 2002 is responsible for monitoring the analog outputs of the accelerometer 2001 and communicating with the host via the chipset 2003.
• the microcontroller 2002 is coupled to the host chipset 2003 via an I2C bus 2007 and an interrupt line 2008. Alternatively, the microcontroller 2002 may be integrated with the host chipset 2003. In one embodiment, the microcontroller 2002 maybe a PCI 16F818 microcontroller from Microchip.
• the microcontroller 2002 when the accelerometer 2001 detects that the portable device is moving, the microcontroller 2002 receives the 3-axis acceleration information from the accelerometer 2001 and notifies the host via the interrupt line 2008. In response, the movement data may be read out from the microcontroller 2002 via the I2C bus 2007. In one embodiment, the microcontroller 2002 may determine a moving direction based on the 3-axis acceleration information received from the accelerometer 2001. Alternatively, the host chipset may perform such operations. In one embodiment, the magnitude of the resultant acceleration vector of all three axes maybe determined according to the following formula:
• one or more software components executed within the exemplary system 2000 may perform certain operations, for example, those described above throughout the present application. For example, an orientation of a displayed image may be adjusted via the video adapter and the sound effects may be adjusted via audio device 2005, etc.
• one or more peripheral devices 2006 such as, for example, hard drives, may be configured accordingly. Other configurations may exist.
• Figure 21 is a block diagram of a digital processing system which may be used with one embodiment of the invention.
• the system 2100 shown in Figure 21 may be used as the exemplary systems shown in Figures 1 and 20.
• Figure 21 illustrates various components of a computer system, it is not intended to represent any particular architecture or manner of interconnecting the components, as such details are not germane to the present invention. It will also be appreciated that network computers, handheld computers, cell phones, multimedia players, and other data processing systems which have fewer components or perhaps more components may also be used with the present invention.
• the computer system of Figure 21 may, for example, be an Apple Macintosh computer or an IBM compatible PC.
• the computer system 2100 which is a form of a data processing system, includes a bus 2102 which is coupled to a microprocessor 2103 and a ROM 2107, a volatile RAM 2105, and a non- volatile memory 2106.
• the microprocessor 2103 which maybe, for example, a PowerPC G4 or PowerPC G5 microprocessor from Motorola, Inc. or IBM, is coupled to cache memory 2104 as shown in the example of Figure 21.
• the bus 2102 interconnects these various components together and also interconnects these components 2103, 2107, 2105, and 2106 to a display controller and display device 2108, as well as to input/output (I/O) devices 2110, which maybe mice, keyboards, modems, network interfaces, printers, and other devices which are well-known in the art.
• I/O input/output
• the input/output devices 2110 are coupled to the system through input/output controllers 2109.
• the volatile RAM 2105 is typically implemented as dynamic RAM (DRAM) which requires power continuously in order to refresh or maintain the data in the memory.
• the nonvolatile memory 2106 is typically a magnetic hard drive, a magnetic optical drive, an optical drive, or a DVD RAM or other type of memory system which maintains data even after power is removed from the system.
• the nonvolatile memory will also be a random access memory, although this is not required. While Figure 21 shows that the non- volatile memory is a local device coupled directly to the rest of the components in the data processing system, it will be appreciated that the present invention may utilize a non-volatile memory which is remote from the system, such as a network storage device which is coupled to the data processing system through a network interface such as a modem or Ethernet interface.
• the bus 2102 may include one or more buses connected to each other through various bridges, controllers, and/or adapters, as is well-known in the art.
• the I/O controller 2109 includes a USB (Universal Serial Bus) adapter for controlling USB peripherals.
• I/O controller 2109 may include an IEEE- 1394 adapter, also known as FireWire adapter, for controlling FireWire devices.
• FireWire adapter also known as FireWire adapter

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