WO2004023569A1 - 半導体発光素子およびその製造方法、集積型半導体発光装置およびその製造方法、画像表示装置およびその製造方法ならびに照明装置およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体発光素子およびその製造方法、集積型半導体発光装置およびその製造方法、画像表示装置およびその製造方法ならびに照明装置およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004023569A1 WO2004023569A1 PCT/JP2003/011423 JP0311423W WO2004023569A1 WO 2004023569 A1 WO2004023569 A1 WO 2004023569A1 JP 0311423 W JP0311423 W JP 0311423W WO 2004023569 A1 WO2004023569 A1 WO 2004023569A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/20—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/005—Processes
- H01L33/0062—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds
- H01L33/0066—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds with a substrate not being a III-V compound
- H01L33/007—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds with a substrate not being a III-V compound comprising nitride compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/20—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate
- H01L33/24—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate of the light emitting region, e.g. non-planar junction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor light emitting device and a method for manufacturing the same, an integrated semiconductor light emitting device and a method for manufacturing the same, an image display device and a method for manufacturing the same, and a lighting device and a method for manufacturing the same. It is suitable for application to a light emitting diode using a semiconductor.
- an n-type GaN layer is grown on a sapphire substrate, a growth mask having a predetermined opening is formed thereon, and the n-type GaN layer is formed on the opening of the growth mask.
- a hexagonal pyramid-shaped n-type GaN layer having an inclined crystal plane inclined to the main surface of the substrate is selectively grown on the substrate, and an active layer, p-type GaN layer, etc. are grown on the inclined crystal plane.
- a light emitting diode has been proposed by the present applicant (for example, see WO 02/07231 pamphlet (page 47-50, FIGS. 3 to 9)). ).
- the propagation of threading dislocations from the substrate side to the layers forming the element structure can be suppressed, and the crystallinity of those layers can be improved, so that high luminous efficiency can be obtained. be able to.
- a first nitride semiconductor thin film having an amorphous structure is formed on a main surface of a sapphire substrate whose main surface is a (00001) plane, and the first nitride semiconductor thin film is formed by solid phase evaporation.
- a single crystal is formed by epitaxial growth, a second nitride semiconductor thin film is grown thereon by vapor phase epitaxy, and a silicon dioxide thin film is further formed thereon, with an aperture ratio of 50% or more; And forming a mask having a plurality of windows exposing the surface of the first nitride semiconductor thin film and having a minimum distance of 100 m or less from an adjacent window, and forming a second mask exposing the portion of the window.
- the method of forming a light emitting element structure by growing a layer for forming the element structure on the inclined crystal plane requires a formation of a growth mask and selective growth, so the process is complicated. There was a problem.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a semiconductor light emitting device and a semiconductor light emitting device capable of greatly improving luminous efficiency by a simple process without using the conventional crystal growth on a tilted crystal plane. It is to provide a manufacturing method.
- Another problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an image display device capable of greatly improving the luminous efficiency by a simple process without using the conventional crystal growth on an inclined crystal plane, and an image display device therefor. It is to provide a manufacturing method.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a lighting device and a method of manufacturing the lighting device, which can greatly improve luminous efficiency by a simple process without using crystal growth on a crystal plane. Disclosure of the invention
- a first invention of the present invention is:
- a first conductivity type semiconductor layer having a columnar or pyramid-shaped crystal part having an upper surface substantially parallel to the main surface and a side surface substantially perpendicular or inclined to the main surface on one main surface;
- any semiconductor may be used, but typically, a wurtzite type is used. Those having the crystal structure of are used.
- Semiconductors having such a wurtzite type crystal structure include nitride III-V compound semiconductors, as well as BeMgZnCdS-based compound semiconductors and BeMgZnCd0-based compounds. II-VI compound semiconductors such as semiconductors.
- Nitride III one V group compound semiconductor is most commonly A 1 XB y G a, - x - y _ z I n z A s u N, - u _ v P v ( however, 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0 ⁇ z ⁇ K 0 ⁇ u ⁇ K 0 ⁇ v ⁇ K 0 ⁇ x + y + z ⁇ K 0 ⁇ u + v ⁇ 1), more specifically A 1 x B y G a, -x - y _ z I n z N (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ l, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ K 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0 ⁇ x + y + z + 1), typically consisting of A 1 x G a, -x - z I n z N (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1) .
- the columnar crystal part of the semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type typically has a prism shape having an upper surface as a C-plane, particularly a hexagonal prism shape having an upper surface as a C-plane.
- the cone-shaped crystal part of the semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type is typically a cone having an upper surface as a C-plane, particularly a forward-tapered or reverse-tapered cone having an upper surface as a C-plane. It has a trapezoidal shape or a hexagonal truncated pyramid shape.
- the electrode of the second conductivity type formed on the semiconductor layer of the second conductivity type preferably avoids corners on the outer periphery of the upper surface of the columnar or conical crystal part, which generally has poor crystallinity. Form.
- the second invention of this invention is:
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor light emitting device characterized in that:
- an etching mask preferably includes a metal film, For example, a Ti / Ni laminated film in which a Ni film is laminated on a Ti film is used.
- RIE reactive ion etching
- the substrate is basically made of any material as long as a semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, an active layer, a semiconductor layer of the second conductivity type, etc. can be grown with good crystallinity. May be used. Specifically, sapphire (A 1 2 0 3) ( C plane, A plane, including R-plane), S i C (6 H , 4 H, 3 C and including), nitride III one group V Substrates composed of compound semiconductors (GaN, InA1 GaN, A1N, etc.), Si, ZnS, Zn ⁇ , Li Mg ⁇ , GaAs, MgA10, etc. can be used. A hexagonal substrate or a cubic substrate made of these materials, and more preferably, a hexagonal substrate is used.
- the semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, the active layer, and the semiconductor layer of the second conductivity type are made of a nitride III-V compound semiconductor
- a sapphire substrate having a C-plane as a main surface can be used.
- the C-plane here includes a crystal plane that is inclined at about 5 to 6 ° with respect to this and can be regarded as a substantially C-plane.
- the crystal part typically has a top surface substantially parallel to the main surface of the substrate. This top surface is typically the C plane.
- a second semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type is grown on the semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type. It may be. By doing so, the following advantages can be obtained. First, if the active layer is directly grown after the etching mask is removed, the luminescent properties of the active layer will be increased due to the presence of an oxide film at the interface between the active layer and the underlying second conductivity type semiconductor layer. However, if a second semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type is first grown and then an active layer is grown on it, the active layer grows on a clean surface without oxide film etc. This can prevent this problem.
- the surface of the semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type is oxidized and an oxide film is formed nonuniformly.
- the surface of the active layer is likely to have irregularities as a result of growing first with a small portion of the oxide film.
- the oxide film and the like are formed. Since the active layer can be grown on a clean surface that does not exist, the flatness of the surface of the active layer can be improved.
- the semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, the active layer, and the semiconductor layer of the second conductivity type are made of a nitride III-V compound semiconductor
- the material of the second semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type is as follows.
- nitride III-V compound semiconductors such as GaN, InGaN, A1Gan, and A1GinN can be used.
- a growth mask may be formed on all or part of the surface of the etched portion.
- At least an active layer and a semiconductor layer of the second conductivity type are sequentially grown, the substrate is removed, and then the crystal part is separated by etching from the back side of the semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type. You may do so. This makes it extremely easy to separate the elements, miniaturize the elements, and reduce manufacturing costs.
- At least the active layer and the semiconductor layer of the second conductivity type may be grown until they are closed at the top.
- the first conductive type semiconductor layer, the first conductive type second semiconductor layer, the active layer and the second conductive type semiconductor layer may be grown by, for example, metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), Dry vapor phase epitaxial growth or For example, halide vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) can be used.
- MOCVD metal organic chemical vapor deposition
- HVPE halide vapor phase epitaxy
- the third invention of this invention is:
- a first conductivity type semiconductor layer having a columnar or pyramid-shaped crystal part having an upper surface substantially parallel to the main surface and a side surface substantially perpendicular or inclined to the main surface on one main surface;
- the integrated semiconductor light emitting device may be used for any purpose, but typical applications are an image display device and a lighting device.
- the fourth invention of this invention is:
- a method of manufacturing an integrated semiconductor light emitting device characterized in that:
- One main surface is substantially parallel to this main surface and the upper surface is A first conductivity type semiconductor layer having a columnar or cone-shaped crystal part having substantially vertical or inclined side surfaces;
- the sixth invention of the present invention is:
- a first conductivity type semiconductor layer having a columnar or pyramid-shaped crystal part having an upper surface substantially parallel to the main surface and a side surface substantially perpendicular or inclined to the main surface on one main surface;
- a method for manufacturing a lighting device comprising:
- the active layer and the second conductive type semiconductor layer grown on the upper surface of the columnar or pyramid-shaped crystal part of the first conductive type semiconductor layer, in particular, the C-plane are formed. Since the crystallinity is very good, when the second conductivity type electrode is formed on the second conductivity type semiconductor layer, the second conductivity type electrode and the first conductivity type electrode When a current is applied to drive the element, light can be emitted only from the active layer having good crystallinity.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- G a N according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are perspective views and cross-sectional views for explaining a method of manufacturing a GaN-based light-emitting diode according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are perspective views and cross-sectional views for explaining a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a method of manufacturing the GaN-based light emitting diode according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B Is a perspective view and a sectional view for explaining a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light-emitting diode according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a GaN-based light-emitting diode according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a diode.
- FIG. FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a GaN-based light emitting diode according to a second embodiment of the present invention viewed from an n-side electrode, and FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing an image display device according to an embodiment
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a GaN-based light-emitting diode according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention
- FIGS. 13A and 13B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view illustrating a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 14A and 14B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to the embodiment of FIG. FIGS.
- FIGS. 15A and 15B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a method of manufacturing an N-based light emitting diode, according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 16A and 16B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light-emitting diode according to an embodiment.
- FIGS. 16A and 16B show a GaN-based light-emitting diode according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 17A and 17B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a method of manufacturing a diode.
- FIGS. 18A and 18B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 19A and 19B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light-emitting diode according to the present invention.
- FIGS. 20A and 20B are perspective views and cross-sectional views for explaining a manufacturing method.
- FIGS. 20A and 20B are perspective views for explaining a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 21A and 21B are a perspective view and a sectional view for explaining a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 23A and 23B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a method of manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 24A and 24B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light-emitting diode according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 25B is a perspective view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 26A and 26B are FIGS. 27A and 27B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view illustrating a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 28A and 28B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to an embodiment.
- FIGS. 30A and 30B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 30A and 30B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to the nineteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- a and FIG. 31B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to a nineteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 35A and 35B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view illustrating a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 36A and 36B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a method of manufacturing a G a N-based light emitting diode according to the embodiment of FIG.
- FIGS. 37A and 37B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a method of manufacturing an N-based light-emitting diode.
- FIGS. 37A and 37B show a GaN-based light-emitting diode according to a 20th embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 38A and 38B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a manufacturing method.
- FIGS. 38A and 38B illustrate a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to a 20th embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 39 is a perspective view and a sectional view for explaining a method of manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to a twenty-second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 40 is a perspective view for explaining a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light-emitting diode according to the 21st embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 41A and 41B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a method of manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- 2A and FIG. 42B show a GaN-based light emitting diode according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 43A and 43B are perspective views and cross-sectional views for explaining a method of manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 44A and 44B are perspective views for explaining a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 45A and 45B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light-emitting diode according to the 23rd embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. A and 46B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view illustrating a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to the twenty-fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 47 is a perspective view for explaining a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to the twenty-fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 48 to FIG. 50 are cross-sectional views for explaining a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to the twenty-sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- the drawings are cross-sectional views for explaining a method of manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to the 27th embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 54 to 57 are the 28th embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 58 is a cross-sectional view for illustrating a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to the present invention.
- FIG. 59 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a method for manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to a thirty-third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 60 is a thirty-first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 61A and FIG. 61B are cross-sectional views for explaining a method of manufacturing a GaN-based light-emitting diode according to the embodiment.
- FIGS. 62A and 62B are a plan view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a method of manufacturing a simple matrix drive type display according to the embodiment.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B show a method of manufacturing a GaN-based light emitting diode according to the first embodiment of the present invention in the order of steps.
- FIGS. 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A and 6A are perspective views
- 1B, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B and 6B are sectional views. is there.
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing a completed state of the GaN-based light emitting diode.
- a sapphire substrate 11 whose main surface is a C + surface is prepared, and the sapphire substrate 11 is formed by a thermal mask.
- an n-type GaN layer 12 doped with, for example, Si as an n-type impurity is grown on the sapphire substrate 11 by, for example, a metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method. Let it.
- MOCVD metal organic chemical vapor deposition
- This MOCVD can be performed at any of normal pressure, reduced pressure, and high pressure, but normal pressure is simple.
- the n-type GaN layer 12 has as few crystal defects as possible, in particular, threading dislocations.
- the thickness is preferably, for example, about 2 m or more, but it is usually sufficient to perform etching by RIE later. It is desirable to set it thicker in consideration of it.
- a Ti film and a Ni film having a thickness of about 100 nm, respectively, are sequentially formed on the entire surface of the n-type GaN layer 12 by, for example, a vacuum evaporation method or a sputtering method.
- a resist pattern (not shown) of a predetermined shape is formed thereon by lithography, and the Ti / Ni laminated film is etched by, for example, RIE using the resist pattern as a mask, thereby forming an element.
- An etching mask 13 made of a hexagonal Ti / Ni laminated film is formed at the formation position. It is preferable that one side of this etching mask 13 be parallel to the ⁇ 11-20> direction.
- the diameter of the hexagonal etching mask 13 is determined as needed, and is, for example, about 10 m.
- the aspect ratio of the hexagonal prism part 14 is originally desirably large (for example, about 5) from the viewpoint of increasing luminous efficiency, but when the diameter is large, n
- the thickness of the mold GaN layer 12 also increases proportionally, and the time required for epitaxial growth / cost rises.
- the hexagonal column portion 14 preferably has an aspect ratio of 0.
- the etching depth is selected to be in the range of 2 to 1.0, and the etching depth is 2 to 10 m.
- the aspect ratio is relatively small.
- the etching depth is 2-3.
- the thickness of the n-type GaN layer 12 needs to be sufficiently larger than this etching depth.
- the etching mask 13 is etched away by, for example, the RIE method.
- the RIE method As a result, as shown in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, GaN processing in which a hexagonal column portion 14 having an upper surface formed of a C-plane was formed on the surface of the n-type GaN layer 12. A substrate is obtained.
- the GaN-processed substrate is placed in a reaction tube of a MOC VD apparatus, and the surface is cleaned by performing a thermal cleaning in the reaction tube for, for example, 1 to 2 minutes.
- a thermal cleaning in the reaction tube for, for example, 1 to 2 minutes.
- a N layer 16 is grown sequentially.
- the hexagonal column portion 14 of the n-type GaN layer 12 and the active layer 15 and the p-type GaN layer 16 grown on the upper surface composed of the C-plane form a double heterostructure light emission.
- a diode structure is formed.
- the thicknesses of the active layer 15 and the p-type GaN layer 16 are determined as necessary.
- the thickness of the active layer 15 is, for example, 3 nm, and the thickness of the p-type GaN layer 16 is, for example, 0. 2 m.
- the growth temperature of these GaN-based semiconductor layers is, for example, 65 to 800 ° C. for the active layer 15, typically about 700 ° C., and 8 for the p-type GaN layer 16.
- the temperature is from 0 to 150 ° C., preferably from 850 to 900 ° C.
- the active layer 15 may be, for example, a single InGaN layer, but may have a multiple quantum well structure in which two InGaN layers having different In compositions are alternately stacked.
- the In composition may be determined according to the wavelength to be set.
- the Mg concentration in the uppermost layer is increased so that good ohmic contact can be made with a p-side electrode described later.
- a p-type InGaN layer doped with Mg as a p-type impurity, for example, which is easier to make ohmic contact is grown as a p-type connector layer.
- a p-side electrode may be formed thereon.
- the active layer 15 immediately before growing the active layer 15, first grow an n-type GaN layer on the GaN processed substrate, which is thin and doped with Si as an n-type impurity, Subsequently, the active layer 15 may be grown thereon. In this way, the active layer 15 can be grown on a clean surface of the n-type GaN layer, so that the active layer 15 having good crystallinity can be obtained with certainty. Even if the side surface becomes rough when the part 14 is formed by the RIE method, the unevenness of the side surface is filled as the n-type GaN layer grows and becomes a flat surface. Can be grown on the flat surface of the n-type GaN layer.
- the growth when growing the n-type GaN layer, the growth may be started from a growth temperature of about 850 ° C, and then gradually increased to about 950 ° C. Good things have been found empirically. However, the n-type GaN layer may be most simply grown at a temperature of, for example, about 10 ° C.
- the supply amount of the Ga material is generally greatly increased (for example, 100 1 / min).
- the growth material for the GaN-based semiconductor layer is, for example, trimethylgallium ((CH 3 ) 3 G a, TMG) as a raw material for Ga, and trimethylaluminum (( As a raw material for CH 3 ) 3 Al, TMA) and In, trimethyl indium ((CH 3 ) 3 In, TMI) is used, and as a raw material for N, NH 3 is used.
- the n-type dopant for example silane (S i H 4), and p-type de one pan Bok
- bis methylcyclopentagenenyl magnesium ((C
- the active layer 1 5 N 2 gas atmosphere uses a mixed gas of N 2 and H 2 .
- the carrier gas atmosphere is the N 2 atmosphere, and since the carrier gas atmosphere does not contain H 2 , desorption of In can be suppressed. Degradation can be prevented. Since the carrier gas atmosphere is a mixed gas atmosphere of N 2 and H 2 when growing the p-type GaN layer 16, the p-type GaN layer 16 can be grown with good crystallinity.
- the sapphire substrate 11 on which the GaN-based semiconductor layer has been grown as described above is taken out of the MOC VD device.
- a resist pattern covering the surface of the p-type GaN layer 16 in a region excluding the hexagonal column portion 14 of the n-type GaN layer 1 and another region where the n-side electrode is formed is formed. (Not shown).
- the p-type GaN layer 16 and the active layer 15 are etched by, for example, RIE using the resist pattern as a mask to form an opening 17. Form this opening 1 1 into n-type
- the GaN layer 12 is exposed. After that, the resist pattern is removed. Next, after a Ti film, a Pt film, and an Au film are sequentially formed on the entire surface of the substrate by, for example, a vacuum deposition method, a resist pattern having a predetermined shape is formed thereon by lithography, and this resist pattern is used as a mask. Etch the T i film, Pt film and Au film.
- a N layer 12 An n-side electrode 18 having a contacted Ti / Pt / Au structure is formed.
- a p-side electrode 19 having a Ni / Pt / Au structure is formed on the upper surface of the active layer 15 and the upper surface of the p-type GaN layer 16 grown on the C-plane of the hexagonal column portion 14 of the n-type GaN layer 11, for example.
- a p-side electrode 19 having a Ni / Pt / Au structure is formed.
- the p-side electrode 19 is preferably formed so as not to be located on a corner between the upper surface and the side surface of the hexagonal column portion 14. This is because the active layer 15 and the P-type GaN layer 16 near the corner often have poorer crystallinity than other portions.
- FIG. 6A and 6B show the chip-shaped GaN-based light emitting diode.
- FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of the completed GaN-based light emitting diode.
- the light emission wavelength was determined according to the In composition of the active layer 15.
- Light emission through the sapphire substrate 11 could be confirmed in the range of 380 to 62 nm.
- the n-type GaN layer 12 has a hexagonal prism portion 14 having an upper surface formed of a C surface, and the hexagonal prism portion 14 is formed of a C surface. Since the active layer 15 and the p-type GaN layer 16 are grown on the upper surface, the crystallinity of the active layer 15 and the p-type GaN layer 16 can be made extremely good. Since the p-side electrode 19 is formed on the upper surface composed of the C-plane of the p-type GaN layer 16 grown on the upper surface of the hexagonal column portion 14 away from the peripheral corners, the crystallinity is extremely low. Light can be emitted only from the active layer 15 which is favorable. Therefore, high luminous efficiency can be obtained.
- the p-type GaN layer 16 and the active layer An opening 17 is formed by dry etching such as RIE, and a P-type GaN layer 16 and an active layer 15 are formed in the integrated semiconductor light emitting device in order to separate the elements.
- dry etching such as RIE
- this damage occurs at the part where light emission actually occurs (p-side electrode). (In the range of 2 to 5 ⁇ in the vicinity of 19 and its vicinity), there is no adverse effect on the emission characteristics.
- the light generated from the active layer 15 on the upper surface is directed downward by the side surface of the hexagonal column portion 14.
- the light can be reflected, the light extraction efficiency can be increased, and the luminous efficiency can be increased.
- a metal film having a high reflectivity for example, a silver (Ag) film or the like is used, so that the hexagonal prism portion 14 is formed.
- the reflectance on the upper surface of the upper p-type GaN layer 17 can be increased, the light extraction efficiency can be increased, and the luminous efficiency can be increased.
- the luminous efficiency can be further increased.
- the substrate to the n-type G a N layer in the opening in the growth mask made of an oxide silicon (S i 0 2)
- Ya silicon nitride (S i N) Hexagonal pyramid-shaped n-type GaN layer with a tilted crystal plane inclined with respect to the principal plane is selectively grown, and an active layer, p-type GaN layer, etc.
- the silicon ( A phenomenon occurs in which Si (i) and oxygen (0) are desorbed and are taken into the growth layer in the vicinity.
- the effect of this phenomenon is type ⁇ This is particularly noticeable during the growth of the GaN layer, and when Si acting as an n-type impurity for GaN is incorporated into the growth layer during the growth of the p-type GaN layer, it becomes difficult to become p-type. In addition, even if it became p-type, it was found that both the hole concentration and the mobility were drastically reduced, and this was found to be a factor that hindered the improvement of the luminous efficiency of the luminescent diode. Further, a photolithography step is required to form the opening of the growth mask, but in that case, a step of bringing the resist into close contact with the mask surface and partially removing the resist is required.
- the resist tends to remain in the minute gaps of the growth mask, and the removal is extremely difficult. Therefore, during the subsequent high-temperature growth, the residual resist may serve as an impurity source, deteriorating the characteristics of the p-type GaN layer and the like.
- Te the first embodiment since not performed selective growth using the growth mask, the active layer 1 5 and p-type G a N layer 1 6 during the growth of, S i 0 2 Ya It is unlikely that a growth mask composed of SiN or the like exists, and there is essentially a problem that during the growth of the p-type GaN layer 16, Si is detached from the growth mask and taken into the growth layer. Does not exist. Also, there is essentially no problem of resist contamination. For this reason, a p-type GaN layer 16 with a sufficiently low resistivity doped with Mg can be obtained, and the luminous efficiency of the GaN-based light-emitting diode can be improved.
- the P-side is formed on the p-type GaN layer 16.
- An electrode 19 is formed.
- a portion above the n-type GaN layer 12 is separated from the sapphire substrate 11 by irradiating a laser beam from the back side of the sapphire substrate 11 with, for example, an excimer laser. I do.
- the back surface of the n-type GaN layer 12 thus peeled off is flattened by etching or the like, as shown in FIG.
- the side electrodes 18 are formed.
- the n-side electrode 18 may be a transparent electrode made of, for example, ITO.
- the n-side electrode 18 covers a large area on the back surface of the n-type GaN layer 12 including a portion corresponding to a hexagonal pyramid-shaped portion. Electrodes 18 can be formed.
- a transparent electrode made of ITO or the like is used as the n-side electrode 18 as described above, in order to make it possible to obtain better ohmic contact with the n-type GaN layer 12, A pad P having, for example, a Ti / Au structure is formed on a portion of the back surface of the mold GaN layer 12 that does not interfere with light extraction, and a transparent electrode is formed thereon so as to cover the pad P. To do.
- the thickness of the Ti film is, for example, about 1 O nm, and the thickness of the Au film is, for example, about 100 nm.
- the n-side electrode 18 is formed of a metal laminated film having a Ti / Pt / Au structure, light is radiated to the outside through the n-type GaN layer 12. As shown in FIG. 9, an opening 18a is provided in the n-side electrode 18 at a portion corresponding to the hexagonal column portion 14.
- the third embodiment is the same as the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 An image display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. This image display device is shown in FIG.
- GaN-based light emitting diodes are regularly arranged in the X and y directions orthogonal to each other in the plane of the sapphire substrate 11; A two-dimensional array of light emitting diodes is formed.
- the structure of each GaN-based light emitting diode is, for example, PT / JP2003 / 011423 This is the same as the first embodiment.
- a GaN-based light-emitting diode for emitting red (R) light, a GaN-based light-emitting diode for emitting green (G) light, and a GaN-based light-emitting diode for emitting blue (B) light are adjacent to each other.
- the three GaN-based light-emitting diodes are arranged, and one pixel is formed.
- the p-side electrodes 19 of the GaN-based light-emitting diodes for red light emission arranged in the X direction are connected to each other by wiring 20, and similarly, the GaN-based light emission for green light emission arranged in the X direction.
- the p-side electrodes 19 of the diode are connected to each other by a wiring 21, and the p-side electrodes 19 of the GaN-based light emitting diodes for blue light emission arranged in the X direction are connected to each other by a wiring 22. I have.
- the n-side electrode 18 extends in the y direction, and serves as a common electrode of the GaN-based light emitting diodes arranged in the y direction.
- the wirings 20 to 22 and the n-side electrode 18 are selected according to the signal of the image to be displayed, and the selected pixel is selected.
- An image can be displayed by driving a current to flow through the GaN-based light emitting diode and causing light emission.
- each GaN-based light-emitting diode has the same configuration as the GaN-based light-emitting diode according to the first embodiment, so that the luminous efficiency is high.
- a display device can be realized.
- This lighting device has the same configuration as the image display device shown in FIG.
- the wirings 20 to 22 and the n-side electrode 18 are selected according to the color of the illuminating light, and a current is caused to flow through the selected GaN-based light emitting diode of the selected pixel. By driving and emitting light, lighting Light can be generated.
- each GaN-based light-emitting diode has the same configuration as the GaN-based light-emitting diode according to the first embodiment, so that the luminous efficiency is high. Can be realized.
- a GaN-based light emitting diode according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the n-type GaN layer 12 is etched by the RIE method using the etching mask 13 to form the hexagonal prism portion 14. Increase the depth. Specifically, when the obtained hexagonal prism portion 14 has an aspect ratio of, for example, 0.8 to 1.0, and the hexagonal etching mask 13 has a diameter of 10 ⁇ m, 8 to 1
- the third embodiment is the same as the first embodiment.
- the n-type GaN layer 12 is etched by the RIE method using the etching mask 13 to form the hexagonal column portion 14.
- the third embodiment is the same as the first embodiment.
- the process is advanced to grow the n-type GaN layer 12 in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Thereafter, an etching mask 13 made of a circular resist is formed on the n-type GaN layer 12.
- an n-type GaN layer 12 is formed using, for example, an etching gas obtained by adding argon gas to chlorine gas. Etch to a predetermined depth by the RIE method used.
- a forward tapered truncated cone portion 23 having a side surface inclined with respect to the substrate surface is formed.
- the inclination angle of the side surface of the truncated cone portion 23 is, for example, 45 ° ⁇ 10 °
- the diameter of the upper surface is, for example, 10 to 20 m, typically, for example, about 15 m, and the height (thickness). Is 2 to 7 ⁇ m (for example, about 5 m).
- the etching mask 13 is removed by, for example, plasma ashing.
- the surface of the n-type G a N layer 12 is formed with a truncated cone 13 having an upper surface formed of a C-plane. N processed substrate is obtained.
- an active layer 15 and a p-type GaN layer 16 are sequentially grown in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- a thin, n-type GaN layer is first grown on the GaN processed substrate at a temperature of, for example, about 110 ° C., and then on the n-type GaN layer.
- the active layer 15 may be grown.
- the n-type GaN layer 12 is grown on the upper surface composed of the C-plane of the truncated cone portion 13.
- a N layer 16 On the upper surface of the formed P-type G a N layer 16, for example, Ni / Pt / Au structure
- the p-side electrode 19 having a Pd / Pt / Au structure is formed in a circular shape.
- the p-side electrode 19 include a Ni / Ag / Au structure including an Ag film having a high reflectivity and a Re / Au structure including a Re film also having a high reflectivity.
- the reflectance on the upper surface of the p-type GaN layer 16 on the truncated cone portion 23 can be increased, and the light extraction efficiency can be increased. Luminous efficiency can be increased.
- a Ni / Ag / Au structure as the P-side electrode 19
- the Ni film is made as thin as possible, for example, about 2 nm thick, while the thickness of the Ag film and Au film, respectively, is about 100 nm, for example.
- the p-side electrode 19 is preferably formed so as not to be on the corner between the upper surface and the side surface of the truncated cone 23. This is because the crystallinity of the active layer 15 and the p-type GaN layer 16 near this corner is often worse than that of other parts.
- n-type GaN layer 12 is separated from the sapphire substrate 11 by irradiating a laser beam from, for example, an excimer laser or the like from the back side of the sapphire substrate 11.
- a laser beam from, for example, an excimer laser or the like from the back side of the sapphire substrate 11.
- an n-side electrode 18 is formed on the back surface of the n-type GaN layer 12.
- a transparent electrode made of, for example, IT0 is used as the n-side electrode 18, and an n-type G electrode is used in order to obtain better ohmic contact with the n-type GaN layer 12.
- a A pad having, for example, a Ti / Au structure is formed on a portion of the back surface of the N layer 12 that does not hinder light extraction, and then a transparent electrode is formed.
- FIGS. 18A and 18B show the GaN-based light-emitting diodes in a chip form.
- the third embodiment is the same as the first and second embodiments.
- the seventh embodiment in addition to the same advantages as those of the first and second embodiments, as shown by an arrow in FIG. 18B, the seventh embodiment is formed on the upper surface of the truncated cone portion 23.
- the light generated in the obliquely downward direction from the active layer 15 can be reflected downward by the side surface of the p-type GaN layer 16 formed on the inclined side surface of the truncated cone 23, and the light is extracted.
- the efficiency can be increased, and the advantage that the luminous efficiency can be further increased can be obtained.
- the p-type G &? Grown on the upper surface of the frustoconical portion 23 of the n-type GaN layer 12 is formed.
- An annular p-side electrode 19 is formed on the upper surface of the layer 16.
- the p-side electrode 1 formed on the upper surface of the frustoconical portion 13 of the n-type GaN layer 12 is formed.
- An Ag film 24 is formed so as to cover the p-type GaN layer 16 grown on the sides of 9 and the truncated cone 3. Due to the Ag film 24, light generated in an obliquely downward direction from the active layer 15 formed on the upper surface of the truncated cone 23 is formed on the inclined side surface of the truncated cone 23.
- the reflectance when reflected downward on the side of the type G a N layer 16 can be increased, The light extraction efficiency can be further increased, and the luminous efficiency can be further enhanced.
- the Ag film 24 comes into contact with the p-type GaN layer 16, but since this contact is a Schottky contact, the operating current is between the P-side electrode 19 and the p-type GaN layer 16. It flows only to the contact part.
- a transparent electrode such as IT ⁇ is used as the p-side electrode 19, and the ⁇ -side As the electrode 18, for example, an electrode having a Ni / Pt / Au structure, a Pd / PtZAu structure, a Ni / Ag / Au structure, a Re / Au structure or the like is used. In this case, light is extracted outside through the p-side electrode 19.
- the eleventh embodiment after the steps are performed in the same manner as in the seventh embodiment until the formation of the p-side electrode 19, for example, by the RIE method using the p-side electrode 19 as a mask.
- the type GaN layer 16 and the active layer 15 are sequentially etched to separate the P-type GaN layer 16 between adjacent frustoconical portions 23. Thereafter, the portion above the n-type GaN layer 12 from the sapphire substrate 11 is peeled off, and the n-side electrode 18 is formed on the back surface of the n-type GaN layer 12. This state is shown in FIGS. 21A and 21B.
- FIG. 22 shows the entire n-type GaN layer 12 formed on 2003/011423. This n-type G
- a GaN based light emitting diode is obtained.
- the diameter of the upper surface of the truncated cone 23 is made sufficiently small, for example, about 5 m or less (for example, 2 to 3 im), and the p-side electrode is formed. 19 is similarly reduced.
- the same advantages as those of the seventh embodiment can be obtained.
- the size of the light emitting surface is sufficiently small, the area of the black portion other than the light emitting surface can be improved. When the light emission is observed when the light emission becomes relatively large, it is possible to obtain an advantage that black can be made to sink.
- the process is carried out in the same manner as in the first embodiment until the n-type GaN layer 12 is grown. Thereafter, an etching mask 13 made of a hexagonal resist is formed on the n-type GaN layer 12. It is preferable that one side of the hexagonal etching mask 13 be parallel to the ⁇ 11 ⁇ 20> direction.
- the etching mask 13 is used to form an n-type GaN layer 12 using, for example, an etching gas obtained by adding argon gas to chlorine gas. Predetermined depth by RIE method used Etch with 3 011423. In this case, the etching mask 13 gradually recedes, and the taper etching is performed. As a result, a forward tapered hexagonal truncated pyramid portion 25 having a side surface inclined with respect to the substrate surface is formed.
- the etching mask 13 is removed by, for example, plasma ashing.
- a truncated hexagonal pyramid portion 25 having an upper surface formed of a C-plane is formed on the surface of the n-type GaN layer 12.
- a GaN processed substrate is obtained.
- the direction perpendicular to the sides of the hexagon on the upper surface of the hexagonal shape of the truncated hexagonal pyramid part 25 is the ⁇ 1-1 00> direction, and the direction of the normal to the side surface of the truncated hexagonal pyramid part 25 is It is preferable that the orientation is ⁇ 111>.
- an active layer 15 and a p-type GaN layer 16 are sequentially grown in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- an n-type GaN layer is first grown on the GaN processed substrate, which is thin and doped with Si as an n-type impurity, for example.
- the active layer 15 may be grown. In this way, the active layer 15 can be grown on a flat and clean surface of the n-type GaN layer, so that the active layer 15 having good crystallinity can be obtained without fail.
- a p-side electrode 19 having a Ni / Pt / Au structure or a Pd / Pt / Au structure is formed in a hexagonal shape.
- the p-side electrode 19 has, for example, a Ni / Ag / Au structure including a highly reflective Ag film, or a Re / Au structure including a similarly highly reflective Re film.
- the reflectance on the upper surface of the p-type GaN layer 16 on the truncated hexagonal pyramid portion 25 can be increased, and the light extraction efficiency can be increased.
- Light emission efficiency can be increased.
- the Ni film is made as thin as possible, for example, about 2 nm thick, while the thickness of each of the Ag film and the Au film is about 100 nm, for example.
- the p-side electrode 19 is preferably formed so as to avoid the corner between the upper surface and the side surface of the truncated hexagonal pyramid 25. This is because the crystallinity of the active layer 15 and the p-type GaN layer 16 near this corner is often worse than that of other parts.
- n-type GaN layer 12 is separated from the sapphire substrate 11 by irradiating a laser beam from the back surface of the sapphire substrate 11 with, for example, an excimer laser.
- a laser beam from the back surface of the sapphire substrate 11 with, for example, an excimer laser.
- an n-side electrode 18 is formed on the back surface of the n-type GaN layer 12.
- a transparent electrode made of, for example, ITO is used as the n-side electrode 18, and the n-type electrode 18 is used to make it possible to obtain better ohmic contact with the n-type GaN layer 12.
- a pad of, for example, a TiZAu structure is formed on the back surface of the G aN layer 12 where there is no hindrance to light extraction.
- Chips are formed by RIE etching and dicer.
- Fig. 29A and Fig. 29B show the GaN-based light-emitting diodes in a chip form.
- the third embodiment is the same as the first embodiment and the first embodiment.
- the diagonally downward direction from the active layer 15 formed on the upper surface of the truncated hexagonal pyramid part 25 The generated light can be reflected downward by the side surface of the p-type GaN layer 16 formed on the inclined side surface of the truncated hexagonal pyramid portion 25, and the light extraction efficiency can be increased, and the light emission
- the advantage is that the efficiency can be further increased.
- the active layer 15 and the P-type GaN layer 16 grown on the upper surface of the truncated hexagonal pyramid portion 5 of the n-type GaN layer 12 in the thirteenth embodiment are described.
- a hexagonal annular p-side electrode 19 is formed on the upper surface of the substrate. The other points are the same as in the thirteenth embodiment.
- An Ag film 24 is formed so as to cover the p-type GaN layer 16 grown on the side surfaces of the electrode 19 and the truncated hexagonal pyramid portion 25.
- the same advantages as the thirteenth embodiment can be obtained. Obtainable.
- the p-side electrode For example, a transparent electrode such as IT ⁇ is used as 19, and as the ⁇ -side electrode 18 for example, Ni / Pt / Au structure, Pd / Pt / Au structure, Ni / Ag / Au structure, Re / Those with an Au structure or the like are used. In this case, light is extracted outside through the p-side electrode 19.
- the p-type electrode 19 is used as a mask to form a p-type electrode by RIE.
- the GaN layer 16 and the active layer 15 are sequentially etched to separate the p-type GaN layer 16 between adjacent hexagonal pyramids 25. Thereafter, the portion above the n-type GaN layer 12 from the sapphire substrate 11 is peeled off, and the n-side electrode 18 is formed on the back surface of the n-type GaN layer 12.
- a number of truncated hexagonal pyramids 25 separate the n-type GaN layer 12 formed in an array with a predetermined arrangement and spacing at a portion between adjacent hexagonal truncated pyramids 15.
- the diameter of the upper surface of the truncated hexagonal pyramid part 25 is sufficiently small, for example, about 5 m or less (for example, 2 to 3 m), and the p-side Electrode 19 is similarly made smaller.
- the other points are the same as in the thirteenth embodiment.
- the same advantages as those of the thirteenth embodiment can be obtained.
- this GaN-based light emitting diode can be used.
- the image display device is configured by using this method, it is possible to obtain an advantage that the area of the black portion other than the light emitting surface becomes relatively large, and that when the light emission is observed, the black can be lowered.
- the steps are advanced in the same manner as in the thirteenth embodiment, and as shown in FIGS. 25A and 25B, the n-type GaN layer 12 has six layers. A truncated pyramid 25 is formed. Thereafter, if necessary, a thin, n-type GaN layer may be grown on the GaN caroe substrate.
- the S i ⁇ 2 film or the S i A growth mask 16 made of an N film or the like is formed.
- the growth mask 26 is specifically formed as follows, for example. First, a truncated hexagonal pyramid portion 1 5 n-type G a N layer 1 2 of the entire surface, for example, CVD methods including a vacuum deposition method, or sputtering evening ring method, for example, a thickness of about 1 0 0 nm S i 0 2 After the film is formed, a resist pattern (not shown) having a predetermined shape is formed thereon by lithography, and the resist pattern is used as a mask, for example, an etching using a hydrofluoric acid-based etching solution, or Then, the SiO 2 film is etched and patterned by the RIE method using an etching gas containing fluorine such as CF 4 or CHF 3 . Thus, a growth mask 26 is formed.
- an n-type GaN layer 27 and an active layer 15 are formed on the frustum of the hexagonal pyramid 25 at the opening thereof by using the growth mask I 6. And a p-type GaN layer 16 is sequentially grown.
- the active layer 15 can be grown on the flat and clean surface of the n-type GaN layer 27, so that the active layer 15 having good crystallinity can be obtained with certainty.
- the shape of the pedestal 25 can be made good, and the active layer 15 and the p-type GaN layer 16 can be satisfactorily grown thereon.
- the upper surface composed of the C-plane of the frustum of the hexagonal pyramid 25 of the n-type GaN layer 12 A p-side electrode 19 having, for example, a Ni / Pt / Au structure or a Pd / Pt / Au structure is formed in a hexagonal shape on the upper surface of the P-type GaN layer 16 that has grown.
- the p-side electrode 19 has, for example, a Ni / Ag / Au structure including an Ag film having a high reflectivity, or a Re / Au structure including a Re film also having a high reflectivity.
- the reflectance on the upper surface of the p-type GaN layer 17 on the hexagonal frustum portion 25 can be increased, and the light extraction efficiency can be increased.
- Light emission efficiency can be increased.
- a Ni / Ag / Au structure is used as the p-side electrode 19, if the Ni film is too thick, the amount of light reaching the Ag film is reduced, and the Ag film is included as a reflective film. Since the meaning is lost, the Ni film is made as thin as possible, for example, about 2 nm in thickness, while the thickness of the Ag film and the Au film is, for example, about 100 nm, respectively.
- the p-side electrode 19 is preferably formed so as to avoid the corner between the upper surface and the side surface of the truncated hexagonal pyramid 25. This is because the active layer 15 near this corner and p This is because the crystallinity of the type GaN layer 16 is often worse than other portions.
- n-side electrode 18 is formed on the back surface of the n-type GaN layer 11.
- n-side electrode 18 a transparent electrode made of, for example, ITO is used, and the n-type electrode 18 is formed in order to make the ohmic contact with the n-type GaN layer 12 better.
- a transparent electrode is formed after a pad having a Ti / Au structure is formed on a portion of the back surface of the GaN layer 12 that does not hinder light extraction.
- the substrate on which the light emitting diode structure is formed as described above is chipped by RIE etching or dicer.
- the third embodiment is the same as the first and second embodiments.
- the diagonally downward direction from the active layer 15 formed on the upper surface of the truncated hexagonal pyramid portion 25 The generated light can be reflected downward by the side surface of the p-type GaN layer 16 formed on the inclined side surface of the truncated hexagonal pyramid portion 25, and the light extraction efficiency can be increased, and the light emission
- the advantage is that the efficiency can be further increased.
- the steps are advanced in the same manner as in the 13th embodiment, and as shown in FIGS. 25A and 25B, the n-type GaN layer 12 has six layers. A truncated pyramid 25 is formed. After this, if necessary, G a N caro A thin, n-type GaN layer may be grown on the substrate.
- growth mask 6 made of for example S i ⁇ 2 film or S i N film as to expose only the upper surface of the truncated hexagonal pyramid part 2 5 Form.
- the method of forming the growth mask 26 is the same as that of the nineteenth embodiment.
- an n-type impurity doped with, for example, Si as an n-type impurity is formed on the upper surface of the frustum of the hexagonal pyramid 25.
- the GaN layer 28 is selectively grown until it protrudes from the upper surface of the truncated hexagonal pyramid portion 25.
- an active layer 15 and a p-type GaN layer 16 are selectively grown on the n-type GaN layer 28.
- a thin, n-type GaN layer is first grown on the GaN processed substrate, and then the active layer 15 is grown thereon. Good.
- a p-side electrode 19 having, for example, a Ni / Pt / Au structure or a Pd / Pt / Au structure is formed in a hexagonal shape on the upper surface of the grown P-type GaN layer 16.
- the P-side electrode 19 has, for example, a Ni / Ag / Au structure including an Ag film having a high reflectivity, or a Re / Au structure including a Re film also having a high reflectivity.
- the sapphire substrate 11 is irradiated with a laser beam from, for example, an excimer laser or the like from the back side of the sapphire substrate 11. Then, the upper part of the n-type GaN layer 12 is peeled off.
- the n-side electrode 18 is formed on the back surface of the n-type GaN layer 12.
- a transparent electrode made of, for example, IT 0 is used, and in order to achieve better contact with the n-type GaN layer 12.
- a pad having, for example, a Ti / Au structure is formed on a portion of the back surface of the n-type GaN layer 11 where light extraction is not hindered, and then a transparent electrode is formed.
- the substrate on which the light emitting diode structure is formed as described above is chipped by RIE etching, dicing, or the like.
- the third embodiment is the same as the first and second embodiments.
- the n-type GaN layer 28 is selectively grown depending on the interval and the arrangement when forming the truncated hexagonal pyramid portion 25.
- the n-type GaN layers 28 growing laterally from the hexagonal truncated pyramid portions 25 adjacent to each other are formed, the growth ends when the two meet and a boundary is formed.
- the boundary portion of the n-type GaN layer 28 generally has low mechanical strength, when the upper portion of the n-type G & 1 ⁇ layer 12 is separated from the sapphire substrate 11, the element is naturally removed. The separation is performed, and a Ga-based light emitting diode chip can be obtained.
- n Type G a N layer 12 Hexagonal pyramid part 2 25 C surface
- a hexagonal annular p-side electrode 19 is formed on the upper surface of the p-type GaN layer 16 grown on the n-type GaN layer 28 grown on the upper surface composed of.
- the inner periphery of the p-side electrode 19 is located outside the outer periphery of the upper surface of the truncated hexagonal pyramid portion 25.
- the steps are advanced to the formation of the etching mask 13 in the same manner as in the seventh embodiment, as shown in FIG. 41A and FIG.
- the n-type GaN layer 12 is etched to a predetermined depth by RIE using a predetermined etching gas to form a reverse tapered inverted truncated cone portion 29.
- the etching mask 13 is removed by, for example, plasma etching.
- the inverted frustoconical portion 29 having the upper surface formed of the C-plane was formed on the surface of the n-type GaN layer 12. a N processed substrate is obtained.
- an active layer 15 and a p-type GaN layer 16 are sequentially grown in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- the active layer 15 and the p-type GaN layer 16 can be prevented from growing on the side surface of the inverted truncated cone 29.
- a thin, n-type GaN layer may be grown on the GaN processed substrate, and then the active layer 15 may be grown thereon.
- the n-type GaN layer 12 is grown on the upper surface composed of the C-plane of the inverted frustoconical portion 29 in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- a p-side electrode 19 having, for example, a Ni / Pt / Au structure or a Pd / PtZAu structure is formed in a circular shape on the upper surface of the P-type GaN layer 16.
- the p-side electrode 19 has, for example, a Ni / Ag / Au structure including a highly reflective Ag film, or a Re / Au structure including a similarly highly reflective Re film. Can also be used.
- a portion of the sapphire substrate 11 above the n-type GaN layer 12 is separated from the sapphire substrate 11 by irradiating a laser beam from the back side of the sapphire substrate 11 with, for example, an excimer laser.
- a laser beam from the back side of the sapphire substrate 11 with, for example, an excimer laser.
- an n-side electrode 18 is formed on the back surface of the n-type GaN layer 12.
- a transparent electrode made of, for example, IT 0 is used as the n-side electrode 18, and n is formed so as to make ohmic contact with the n-type GaN layer 12 better.
- a transparent electrode is formed after a pad having, for example, a Ti / Au structure is formed on a portion of the back surface of the mold GaN layer 12 that does not hinder light extraction.
- the substrate on which the light emitting diode structure is formed as described above is formed into chips by etching and dicing using RIE.
- the third embodiment is the same as the first and second embodiments. According to the second embodiment, the same advantages as those of the first and second embodiments can be obtained. ⁇
- a transparent electrode such as ITO is used as the p-side electrode 19
- the p-side electrode in the GaN-based light emitting diode shown in FIGS. 45A and 45B, as shown in FIGS. 46A and 46B, the p-side electrode First, a pad P made of Ti / Pt / Au with excellent ohmic contact characteristics is formed in a small area at one corner of the upper surface of the inverted truncated cone 19, and then this pad A p-side electrode 19 made of a Ni / Au metal laminated film is formed so as to cover the gate P and to cover almost the entire upper surface of the inverted truncated cone portion 29.
- the thickness of the Ni film is reduced to, for example, about 2 nm, and the thickness of the Au film is reduced to, for example, about 10 nm.
- the n-side electrode 18 for example, one having a Ni / Pt / Au structure, a Pd / Pt / Au structure, a Ni / Ag / Au structure, a Re / Au structure or the like is used. In this case, light is extracted outside through the p-side electrode 19.
- the other points are the same as in the seventh embodiment.
- the p-side electrode 19 is formed into a mesh.
- the n-side electrode 18 for example, one having a Ni / Pt / Au structure, a PdZPt / Au structure, a Ni / Ag / Au structure, a Re / Au structure or the like is used.
- the p-side electrode 19 By forming the p-side electrode 19 in a mesh shape in this manner, light can be favorably extracted through the gap between the p-side electrodes 19.
- the other points are the same as in the twenty-second embodiment.
- the steps are advanced up to the growth of the P-type GaN layer 16 in the same manner as in the twenty-second embodiment. This state is the same as shown in FIGS. 43A and 43B.
- a portion above the sapphire substrate 11 from the n-type GaN layer 12 is separated from the sapphire substrate 11 by irradiating a laser beam from, for example, an excimer laser or the like from the back surface side of the sapphire substrate 11. This condition is shown in FIGS. 48A and 48B.
- n Etching is performed from the back surface of the mold GaN layer 12 to, for example, the position indicated by the broken line by RIE.
- FIG. 50 a P-side electrode 19 made of a transparent electrode is formed on the p-type GaN layer 16 and an n-side Electrodes 18 are formed to complete the desired GaN-based light emitting diode.
- the same steps as in the seventh embodiment are performed until the formation of the P-side electrode 19, and a laser beam from the back side of the sapphire substrate 11 is formed by, for example, an excimer laser.
- a laser beam from the back side of the sapphire substrate 11 is formed by, for example, an excimer laser.
- the surface of the n-type GaN layer 12 where the p-side electrode 19 is formed is covered with, for example, a resist (not shown) and protected. Then, etching is performed from the back surface of the n-type GaN layer 12 to the position indicated by the broken line by, eg, RIE. As a result, as shown in FIG. 52, the truncated cone 23 is cut out, and the elements are separated. Next, as shown in FIG. 53, an n-side electrode 18 is formed on the back surface of the n-type GaN layer 12 to complete the intended GaN-based light emitting diode. The other points are the same as in the twenty-second embodiment.
- the twenty-seventh embodiment has the same advantages as the twenty-second embodiment.
- the surface of the n-type GaN layer 11 is partially etched to form a tapered hexagonal truncated pyramid part 25.
- the upper surface of the truncated hexagonal pyramid portion 25 is made of a C surface, and the side surface is preferably a slope close to the S surface.
- the width of the truncated hexagonal pyramid 25 is, for example, 1 to 50 wm, and the height is, for example, 1 to 10.
- an n-type GaN layer 27, an active layer 15 and a p-type GaN layer 16 are sequentially grown on the n-type GaN layer 12 on which the truncated hexagonal pyramids 25 are formed.
- a p-side electrode 19 is formed on the p-type GaN layer 16 above the hexagonal truncated pyramids 25.
- an adhesive layer 30 is formed on the surface of the p-type GaN layer 16 on which the p-side electrode 19 is formed, and is supported by the adhesive layer 30. After bonding the substrate 31, the portion above the n-type GaN layer 27 is separated from the sapphire substrate 11.
- the hexagonal truncated pyramids 5 are separated from each other by etching the entire surface from the back surface side of the n-type GaN layer 12.
- an n-side electrode 18 is formed on the bottom surface of the truncated hexagonal pyramid 25.
- the adhesive layer 30 is removed by etching, whereby the truncated hexagonal pyramid portion 25 is completely separated.
- a GaN-based light emitting diode can be obtained.
- the same steps as in the twenty-eighth embodiment are performed to peel off the upper portion from the sapphire substrate 11 and the n-type GaN layer 12, and then the fifth embodiment.
- the n-type GaN layer 12 1423 An n-side electrode 18 is formed.
- the n-side electrode 18 emits light from the active layer 15 on the upper surface of each of the truncated hexagonal pyramids 25, so that each of the truncated hexagonal pyramids 25 is not hindered from extracting light.
- the same advantages as those of the seventh embodiment can be obtained, and a large output can be obtained by simultaneously turning on each GaN-based light emitting diode. You can get benefits.
- the process is advanced in the same manner as in the twenty-eighth embodiment, and the upper portion of the n-type GaN layer 12 is separated from the sapphire substrate 11.
- the hexagonal truncated pyramids 25 are separated from each other by selectively etching the back surface of the n-type GaN layer 12 by, for example, the RIE method.
- an n-side electrode 18 is formed on the bottom surface of the truncated hexagonal pyramid 25.
- the adhesive layer 30 is removed by etching, whereby the truncated hexagonal pyramid portion 25 is completely separated.
- a GaN-based light emitting diode can be obtained.
- a hexagonal column portion 14 is formed by selectively etching the surface of the n-type GaN layer 11 in a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface by RIE or the like on the PC hibernation 11423.
- an n-type GaN layer 27, an active layer 15 and a p-type GaN layer 16 are sequentially grown on the n-type GaN layer 12 on which the hexagonal prism portions 14 are formed.
- the n-type GaN layer 27 is grown so that a surface inclined with respect to the substrate surface is formed at the side wall portion of the hexagonal column portion 14 and the whole becomes a truncated hexagonal pyramid.
- FIG. 61A is a plan view
- FIG. 61B is a cross-sectional view along the line BB of FIG. 61A.
- the GaN-based light emitting diode manufactured according to the above-described twenty-eighth embodiment is made of an adhesive or the like. It is fixed in an array at a predetermined arrangement and interval by the immobilization layer 32. Then, a data line 33 made of, for example, a metal wiring is formed so as to mutually connect the p-side electrodes 19 of the GaN-based light emitting diodes arranged in one direction on the back surface of the fixing layer 32.
- a transparent conductive film made of ITO or the like is formed on the surface of the fixing layer 32 so that the n-side electrodes 18 of the GaN-based light emitting diodes arranged in a direction perpendicular to the data lines 33 are connected to each other. 34 are formed.
- an address line 35 made of, for example, a metal wiring is formed in parallel with the transparent conductive film 34. P Kasumi 11423 The transparent conductive film 34 partially overlaps the address line 35 and is in electrical contact therewith.
- a high-luminance simple matrix drive type display can be realized by the high luminous efficiency of each GaN-based light emitting diode.
- the same steps as in the twenty-eighth embodiment are performed until the formation of a mesh-like n-side electrode 18 to produce a GaN-based light-emitting diode array.
- the agent layer 30 By etching away the agent layer 30, the upper portion of the n-type GaN layer 12 is separated from the support substrate 31.
- the p-side electrode 19 of each GaN-based light-emitting diode of the GaN-based light-emitting diode array is soldered onto the anode electrode 36 that also serves as a heat sink. To join. Thereby, a parallel simultaneous driving GaN-based light emitting diode array is manufactured.
- Figure 62B shows a plan view of this parallel simultaneous driving GaN-based light-emitting diode array.
- a high-output light source can be realized.
- the numerical values, materials, structures, shapes, substrates, raw materials, processes, and the like described in the above-described first to third embodiments are merely examples, and if necessary, different numerical values, materials, Structures, shapes, substrates, raw materials, processes, and the like may be used.
- an A 1 GaN layer having excellent light confinement characteristics is provided near the active layer 15.
- an InGaN layer with a small In composition may be provided.
- a 1 G a In N may be obtained by adding Al to In G a N in order to obtain a band gap reduction effect by so-called bowing.
- an optical waveguide layer may be provided between the active layer 15 and the n-type GaN layer 12 or between the active layer 15 and the p-type GaN layer 16.
- a sapphire substrate is used.
- another substrate such as the above-described ic substrate or ii substrate may be used.
- a GaN substrate having a low dislocation density obtained by using a lateral crystal growth technique such as ELI (Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth) or Vendeo may be used.
- the p-side electrode 19 is used as the material of the p-side electrode 19, and the p-type GaN layer 16 and the P-side electrode 19 are A contact metal layer having a thickness equal to or less than the penetration length of light generated in the active layer 15 between the layers and formed of Ni, Pd, Co, Sb, or the like may be formed. By doing so, it is possible to further improve the luminous efficiency of the GaN-based light emitting diode due to the reflection enhancement effect of the contact metal layer.
- the active layer and the second conductivity type semiconductor layer are grown on the upper surface of the columnar or conical crystal part of the first conductivity type semiconductor layer, particularly on the C-plane. Therefore, during operation of the semiconductor light emitting device, light can be emitted only from the active layer having good crystallinity, and A semiconductor light-emitting element, an integrated semiconductor light-emitting device, an image display device, and a lighting device with significantly improved luminous efficiency can be obtained. Further, since the crystal growth on the inclined crystal plane as in the conventional case is not used, these semiconductor light-emitting elements, integrated semiconductor light-emitting devices, image display devices and lighting devices can be manufactured by simple steps. .
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
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JP2004534189A JP4016985B2 (ja) | 2002-09-06 | 2003-09-08 | 半導体発光素子およびその製造方法、集積型半導体発光装置およびその製造方法、画像表示装置およびその製造方法ならびに照明装置およびその製造方法 |
AU2003261990A AU2003261990A1 (en) | 2002-09-06 | 2003-09-08 | Semiconductor light-emitting device and method for manufacturing same, integrated semiconductor light emitter and method for manufacturing same, image display and method for manufacturing same, and illuminator and method for manufacturing same |
US10/494,972 US7205168B2 (en) | 2002-09-06 | 2003-09-08 | Semiconductor light emitting device, its manufacturing method, integrated semiconductor light emitting apparatus, its manufacturing method, illuminating apparatus, and its manufacturing method |
EP03794281.0A EP1536488B1 (en) | 2002-09-06 | 2003-09-08 | Semiconductor light-emitting device and method for manufacturing same, integrated semiconductor light emitter and method for manufacturing same, image display and method for manufacturing same, and illuminator and method for manufacturing same |
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JP2002/261408 | 2002-09-06 | ||
JP2002261408 | 2002-09-06 |
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US (2) | US7205168B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1536488B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4016985B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100989564B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1628391A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003261990A1 (ja) |
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AU2003261990A1 (en) | 2004-03-29 |
KR100989564B1 (ko) | 2010-10-25 |
JP4016985B2 (ja) | 2007-12-05 |
KR20050039734A (ko) | 2005-04-29 |
CN1628391A (zh) | 2005-06-15 |
US20040266043A1 (en) | 2004-12-30 |
US7564064B2 (en) | 2009-07-21 |
EP1536488A1 (en) | 2005-06-01 |
US20070147453A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
US7205168B2 (en) | 2007-04-17 |
EP1536488A4 (en) | 2012-07-11 |
TWI228323B (en) | 2005-02-21 |
JPWO2004023569A1 (ja) | 2006-01-05 |
TW200417055A (en) | 2004-09-01 |
EP1536488B1 (en) | 2018-12-26 |
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