US20040092711A1 - Hybrid expression of neisserial proteins - Google Patents

Hybrid expression of neisserial proteins Download PDF

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US20040092711A1
US20040092711A1 US10/220,480 US22048003A US2004092711A1 US 20040092711 A1 US20040092711 A1 US 20040092711A1 US 22048003 A US22048003 A US 22048003A US 2004092711 A1 US2004092711 A1 US 2004092711A1
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Maria Arico
Maurizio Comanducci
Cesira Galeotti
Vega Masignani
Marizia Guiliani
Mariagrazia Pizza
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/02—Bacterial antigens
    • A61K39/095—Neisseria
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/195—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
    • C07K14/22—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria from Neisseriaceae (F)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
    • C12P21/02—Preparation of peptides or proteins having a known sequence of two or more amino acids, e.g. glutathione
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
    • C12Q1/6888—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms
    • C12Q1/689—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms for bacteria
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/545—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the dose, timing or administration schedule
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
    • A61K2039/55505—Inorganic adjuvants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/57—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the type of response, e.g. Th1, Th2
    • A61K2039/572—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the type of response, e.g. Th1, Th2 cytotoxic response
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/57—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the type of response, e.g. Th1, Th2
    • A61K2039/575—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the type of response, e.g. Th1, Th2 humoral response
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
    • C12Q2600/156—Polymorphic or mutational markers

Definitions

  • This invention is in the field of protein expression.
  • it relates to the heterologous expression of proteins from Neisseria (e.g. N. gonorrhoeae or, preferably, N. meningitidis ).
  • two or more proteins of the invention are expressed as a single hybrid protein. It is preferred that no non-Neisserial fusion partner (e.g. GST or poly-His) is used.
  • no non-Neisserial fusion partner e.g. GST or poly-His
  • the invention provides a method for the simultaneous heterologous expression of two or more proteins of the invention, in which said two or more proteins of the invention are fused (i.e. they are translated as a single polypeptide chain).
  • the method will typically involve the steps of: obtaining a first nucleic acid encoding a first protein of the invention; obtaining a second nucleic acid encoding a second protein of the invention; ligating the first and second nucleic acids.
  • the resulting nucleic acid may be inserted into an expression vector, or may already be part of an expression vector.
  • the hybrid protein can be represented simply by the formula NH 2 -A-B—COOH.
  • a and B can each be selected from any Neisserial proteins, and in particular those represented by SEQ#s 1-4326. The method is well suited to the expression of proteins orf1, orf4, orf25, orf40, Orf46146.1, orf83, 233, 287, 292L, 564, 687, 741, 907, 919, 953, 961 and 983.
  • Preferred proteins to be expressed as hybrids are thus ORF46.1, 287, 741, 919, 953, 961 and 983. These may be used in their essentially full-length form, or poly-glycine deletions ( ⁇ G) forms may be used (e.g. ⁇ G-287, ⁇ GTbp2, ⁇ G741, ⁇ G983 etc.), or truncated forms may be used (e.g. ⁇ 1-287, ⁇ 2-287 etc.), or domain-deleted versions may be used (e.g. 287B, 287C, 287BC, ORF46 1-433 , ORF46 433-608 , ORF46, 961c etc.) and so on.
  • ⁇ G poly-glycine deletions
  • truncated forms e.g. ⁇ 1-287, ⁇ 2-287 etc.
  • domain-deleted versions e.g. 287B, 287C, 287BC, ORF46 1-433 , ORF46 433-608 , OR
  • a hybrid protein comprising 919 and 287 (b) a hybrid protein comprising 953 and 287; (c) a hybrid protein comprising 287 and ORF46.1; (d) a hybrid protein comprising ORF1 and ORF46.1; (e) a hybrid protein comprising 919 and ORF46.1; (f) a hybrid protein comprising ORF46.1 and 919; (g) a hybrid protein comprising ORF46.1, 287 and 919; (h) a hybrid protein comprising 919 and 519; and (i) a hybrid protein comprising ORF97 and 225.
  • FIG. 1 Further embodiments are shown in the drawings and include ⁇ G287-919, ⁇ G287-953, ⁇ G287-961, ⁇ G983-ORF46.1, ⁇ G983-741, ⁇ G983-961, ⁇ G983-961C, ⁇ G741-961, ⁇ G741-961C, ⁇ G741-983, ⁇ G741-ORF46.1, ORF46.1-741, ORF46.1-961, ORF46.1-961C, 961-ORF46.1, 961-741, 961-983, 961C-ORF46.1, 961C-741, 961C-983, 961CL-ORF46.1, 961CL-741, and 961CL-983.
  • 287 is used, it is preferably at the C-terminal end of a hybrid; if it is to be used at the N-terminus, if is preferred to use a ⁇ G form of 287 is used (e.g. as the N-terminus of a hybrid with ORF46.1, 919, 953 or 961).
  • 961 is used, this is preferably at the N-terminus. Domain forms of 961 may be used.
  • the constituent proteins (A and B) in a hybrid protein according to the invention will be from the same strain.
  • the fused proteins may lack native leader peptides or may include the leader peptide sequence of the N-terminal fusion partner.
  • the heterologous host may be prokaryotic or eukaryotic. It is preferably E. coli , but other suitable hosts include Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholerae, Salmtonella typhi, Salmonenna typhimiurium, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria lactamica, Neisseria cinerea , Mycobateria (e.g. Mtuberculosis), yeast etc.
  • the invention provides (a) nucleic acid and vectors useful in these methods (b) host cells containing said vectors (c) proteins expressed or expressable by the methods (d) compositions comprising these proteins, which may be suitable as vaccines, for instance, or as diagnostic reagents, or as immunogenic compositions (e) these compositions for use as medicaments (e.g.
  • compositions for treating or preventing infection due to Neisserial bacteria
  • diagnostic reagent for detecting the presence of Neisserial bacteria or of antibodies raised against Neisserial bacteria
  • a reagent which can raise antibodies against Neisserial bacteria for detecting the presence of Neisserial bacteria or of antibodies raised against Neisserial bacteria
  • a method of treating a patient comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of these compositions.
  • the invention also provides a protein or a nucleic acid having any of the sequences set out in the following examples. It also provides proteins and nucleic acid having sequence identity to these. As described above, the degree of ‘sequence identity’ is preferably greater than 50% (eg. 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99% or more).
  • 2166 protein sequences disclosed in WO99/24578, WO99/36544 and WO99/57280 are referred to herein by the following SEQ# numbers: Application Protein sequences SEQ# herein WO99/24578 Even SEQ IDs 2-892 SEQ#s 1-446 WO99/36544 Even SEQ IDs 2-90 SEQ#s 447-491 WO99/57280 Even SEQ IDs 2-3020 SEQ#s 492-2001 Even SEQ IDs 3040-3114 SEQ#s 2002-2039 SEQ IDs 3115-3241 SEQ#s 2040-2166
  • protein of the invention refers to a protein comprising:
  • the ‘fragment’ referred to in (c) should comprise at least n consecutive amino acids from one of SEQ#s 1-4326 and, depending on the particular sequence, n is 7 or more (eg. 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 or more).
  • n is 7 or more (eg. 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 or more).
  • the fragment comprises an epitope from one of SEQ#s 1-4326.
  • Preferred fragments are those disclosed in WO00/71574 and WO01/04316.
  • Preferred proteins of the invention are found in N. meningitidis serogroup B.
  • Preferred proteins for use according to the invention are those of serogroup B N. meningitidis strain 2996 or strain 394/98 (a New Zealand strain). Unless otherwise stated, proteins mentioned herein are from N. meningitidis strain 2996. It will be appreciated, however, that the invention is not in general limited by strain. References to a particular protein (e.g. ‘287’, ‘919’ etc.) may be taken to include that protein from any strain.
  • nucleic acid includes DNA and RNA, and also their analogues, such as those containing modified backbones, and also peptide nucleic acids (PNA) etc.
  • FIGS. 1 to 26 show hybrid proteins according to the invention.
  • the complete ORF46 protein from N. meningitidis (serogroup B, strain 2996) has the following sequence: 1 LGISRKISLI LSILAVCLPM HAHA SDLAND SFIRQVLDRQ HFEPDGKYHL 51 FGSRGELAER SGHIGLGKIQ SHQLGNIMIQ QAAIKGNIGY IVRFSDHGHE 101 VHSPFDNHAS HSDSDEAGSP VDGFSLYRIH WDGYEHHPAD GYDGPQGGGY 151 PAPKGARDIY SYDIKGVAQN IRLNLTDNRS TGQRLADRFH NAGSMLTQGV 201 GDGFKRATRY SPELDRSGNA AEAFNGTADI VKNIIGAAGE IVGAGDAVQG 251 ISEGSNIAVM HGLGLLSTEN KMARINDLAD MAQLKDYAAA AIRDWAVQNP 301 NAAQGIEAVS NIFMAAIPIK GIGAVRGKYG LGGITAHPIK
  • the leader peptide is underlined.
  • ORF46 has been fused at its C-terminus and N-terminus with 287, 919, and ORF1.
  • the hybrid proteins were generally insoluble, but gave some good ELISA and bactericidal results (against the homologous 2996 strain): Protein ELISA Bactericidal Ab Orf1-Orf46.1-His 850 256 919-Orf46.1-His 12900 512 919-287-Orf46-His n.d. n.d. Orf46.1-287His 150 8192 Orf46.1-919His 2800 2048 Orf46.1-287-919His 3200 16384
  • Hybrids of two proteins were compared to the individual proteins against various heterologous strains: 1000 MC58 F6124 (MenA) ORF46.1-His ⁇ 4 4096 ⁇ 4 ORF1-His 8 256 128 ORF1 - ORF46.1-His 1024 512 1024
  • the hybrid shows equivalent or superior immunological activity.
  • ⁇ G287, with or without His-tag are expressed at very good levels in comparison with the ‘287-His’ or ‘287 untagged ’.
  • variants of ⁇ G287-His were expressed in E. coli from a number of MenB strains, in particular from strains 2996, MC58, 1000, and BZ232. The results were also good—each of these gave high ELISA titres and also serum bactericidal titres of >8192.
  • ⁇ G287K, expressed from pET-24b gave excellent titres in ELISA and the serum bactericidal assay.
  • ⁇ G287 was fused directly in-frame upstream of 919, 953, 961 (sequences shown below) and ORF46.1: ⁇ G287-919 ATGGCTAGCCCCGATGTTAAATCGGCGGACACGCTGTCAAAACCGGCCGCTCCTGTTGTTGCTGAAAAAGAGACAGAG GTAAAAGAAGATGCGCCACAGGCAGGTTCTCAAGGACAGGGCGCCATCCACACAAGGCAGCCAAGATATGGCGGCA GTTTCGGCAGAAAATACAGGCAATGGCGGTGCGGCAACAACGGACAAACCCAAAAATGAAGACGAGGGACCGCAAAAT GATATGCCGCAAAATTCCGCCGAATCCGCAAATCAAACAGGGAACAACCAACCCGCCGATTCTTCAGATTCCGCCCCC GCGTCAAACCCTGCACCTGCGAATGGCGGTAGCAATTTTGGAAGGGTTGATTTGGCTAATGGCGTTTTGATTGATGGG CCGTCGCAAAATATAACGTTGACCCACTGTAAAGGCG
  • hybrid proteins with ⁇ G287 at the N-terminus are therefore immunologically superior to simple mixtures, with ⁇ G287-ORF46.1 being particularly effective, even against heterologous strains.
  • ⁇ G287-ORF46.1K may be expressed in pET-24b.
  • Protein 983 has the following sequence: 983 ⁇ G983 1 MRTTPTFPTK TFKPTAMALA VATTLSA CLG GGGGGTSAPD FNAGGTGIGS 51 NSRATTAKSA AVSYAGIKNE HCKDRSNLCA GRDDVAVTDR DAKINAPPPN 101 LHTGDFPNPN DAYKNLINLK PAIEAGYTGR GVEVGIVDTG ESVGSISFPE 151 LYGRKERGYN ENYKNYTAYN RKEAPEDGGG KDIEASFDDE AVIETEAKPT 201 DIRHVKEIGH IDLVSHIIGG RSVDGRPAGG IAPDATLHIM NTNDETKNEM 251 MVAAIRNAWV KLGERGVRIV NNSFGTTSRA GTADLFQIAN SEEQYRQALL 301 DYSGGDKTDE GIRIMQQSDY GNLSYHIRNK NNLFIFSTGN DAQAQPNTYA 351 LLPFYEKDAQ KGIITVA
  • ⁇ G983 thus has the following basic sequence: TSAPD FNAGGTGIGS NSRATTAKSA AVSYAGIKNE MCKDRSMLCA GRDDVAVTDR DAKINAPPPN LHTGDFPNPN DAYKNLINLK PAIEAGYTGR GVEVGIVDTG ESVGSISFPE LYGRKEHGYN ENYKNYTAYM RKEAPEDGGG KDIEASFDDE AVIETEAKPT DIRHVKEIGH IDLVSHIIGG RSVDGRPAGG IAPDATLHIM NTNDETKNEM MVAAIRNAWV KLGERGVRIV NNSFGTTSRA GTADLFQIAN SEEQYRQALL DYSGGDKTDE GIRLMQQSDY GNLSYHIRNK NMLFIFSTGN DAQAQPNTYA LLPFYEKDAQ KGIITVAGVD RSGEKFKREM YGEPGTEPLE YGSNHCGITA MWCLSAPYEA SVRFTRTNPI QI
  • Protein 741 has the following sequence: 1 VNRTAFCCLS LTTALILTA C SSGGGGVAAD IGAGLADALT APLDHKDKGL 51 QSLTLDQSVR KNEKLKLAAQ GAEKTYGNGD SLNTGKLKND KVSRPDFIRQ 101 IEVDGQLITL ESGBFQVYKQ SHSALTAFQT EQIQDSBHSG KMVAKRQFRI 151 GDIAGEHTSF DKLPEGGRAT YRGTAFGSDD AGGKLTYTID FAAKQGNGKI 201 EHLKSPELNV DLAAADIKPD GKRHAVISGS VLYNQAEKGS YSLGIFGGKA 251 QEVAGSAEVK TVNGIRHIGL AAKQ*
  • ⁇ G741 thus has the following basic sequence: VAAD IGAGLADALT APLDHKDKGL QSLTLDQSVR KNEKLKLAAQ GAEKTYGNGD SLNTGKLKND KVSRPDFIRQ IEVDGQLITL ESGEFQVYKQ SHSMJTAPQT EQIQDSEHSG KMVAKRQFRI GDIAGEHTSF DKLPEGGRAT YRGTAFGSDD AGGKLTYTID FAAKQGNGKI EHLKSPBLNV DLAAADIKPD GKRHAVISGS VLYNQAEKGS YSLGIFGGKA QEVAGSAEVK TVNGIRHIGL AAKQ*
  • ⁇ G741 was fused directly in-frame upstream of proteins 961, 961c, 983 and ORF46.1: ⁇ G741-961 ATGGTCGCCGCCGACATCGGTGCGGGGCTTGCCGATGCACTAACCGCACCGCTCGACCATAAAGACAAAGGTTTGCAG TCTTTGACGCTGGATCAGTCCGTCAGGAAAAACGAGAAACTGAAGCTGGCGGCACAAGGTGCGGAAAAAACTTATGGA AACGGTGACAGCCTCAATACGGGCAAATTGAAGAACGACAAGGTCAGGCGTTTCGACTTTATCCGCCAAATCGAAGTG GACGGGCAGCTCATTACCTTGGAGAGTGGAGAGTTCCAAGTATACAAACAAAGCCATTCCGCCTTAACCGCCTTTCAG ACCGAGCAAATACAAGATTCGGAGCATTCCGGGAAGATGGTTGCGAAACGCCAGTTCAGAATCGGCGACATAGCGGGC GAACATACATCTTTTGACAAGCTTCCCGAAGCCGGCAGGGC GAACATACATCTTT
  • the leader peptides of the two proteins were omitted by designing the forward primer downstream from the leader of each sequence; the stop codon sequence was omitted in the 953 reverse primer but included in the 287 reverse primer.
  • the 5′ and the 3′ primers used for amplification included a NdeI and a BamHI restriction sites respectively, whereas for the amplification of the 287 gene the 5′ and the 3′ primers included a BamHI and a XhoI restriction sites respectively.
  • the 919-287 hybrid was obtained by cloning the sequence coding for the mature portion of 287 into the XhoI site at the 3′-end of the 919-His clone in pET21b+.
  • the primers used for amplification of the 287 gene were designed for introducing a SalI restriction site at the 5′- and a XhoI site at the 3′- of the PCR fragment. Since the cohesive ends produced by the SalI and XhoI restriction enzymes are compatible, the 287 PCR product digested with SalI-XhoI could be inserted in the pET21b-919 clone cleaved with XhoI.
  • Hybrids 919-519His, ORF97-225His and 225-ORF97His were also tested. These gave moderate ELISA fitres and bactericidal antibody responses.
  • hybrids of two proteins A & B may be either NH 2 -A-B—COOH or NH 2 -B-A—COOH
  • the “reverse” hybrids with 287 at the N-terminus were also made, but using ⁇ G287.
  • a panel of strains was used, including homologous strain 2996.
  • FCA was used as adjuvant: 287 & 919 287 & 953 287 & ORF46.1 Strain ⁇ G287-919 919-287 ⁇ G287-953 953-287 ⁇ G287-46.1 46.1-287 2996 128000 16000 65536 8192 16384 8192 BZ232 256 128 128 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 4 1000 2048 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 4 MC58 8192 1024 16384 1024 512 128 NGH38 32000 2048 >2048 4096 16384 4096 394/98 4096 32 256 128 128 16 MenA (F6124) 32000 2048 >2048 32 8192 1024 MenC (BZ133) 64000 >8192 >8192 ⁇ 16 8192 2048
  • Titres with the insoluble form were, however, improved by using alum adjuvant instead: Insoluble 32768 128 4096 >2048 >2048 2048
  • 961c was also used in hybrid proteins (see above). As 961 and its domain variants direct efficient expression, they are ideally suited as the N-terminal portion of a hybrid protein.
  • Genes coding for antigens of interest were amplified by PCR, using oligonucleotides designed on the basis of the genomic sequence of N. meningitidis B MC58. Genomic DNA from strain 2996 was always used as a template in PCR reactions, unless otherwise specified, and the amplified fragments were cloned in the expression vector pET21b+(Novagen) to express the protein as C-terminal His-tagged product, or in pET-24b+(Novagen) to express the protein in ‘untagged’ form (e.g. ⁇ G 287K).
  • leader peptide was omitted by designing the 5′-end amplification primer downstream from the predicted leader sequence.
  • T m1 4 (G + C) + 2 (A + T) (tail excluded)
  • T m2 64.9 + 0.41 (% GC) ⁇ 600/N (whole primer)
  • the melting temperatures of the selected oligonucleotides were usually 65-70° C. for the whole oligo and 50-60° C. for the hybridising region alone.
  • Oligonucleotides were synthesised using a Perkin Elmer 394 DNA/RNA Synthesizer, eluted from the columns in 2.0 ml NH 4 OH, and deprotected by 5 hours incubation at 56° C. The oligos were precipitated by addition of 0.3M Na-Acetate and 2 volumes ethanol. The samples were centrifuged and the pellets resuspended in water.
  • the ATG codon is part of the NdeI site used for cloning.
  • the constructs made using NheI as a cloning site at the 5′ end (e.g. all those containing 287 at the N-terminus) have two additional codons (GCT AGC) fused to the coding sequence of the antigen.
  • N. meningitidis strains 2996, MC58, 394.98, 1000 and BZ232 were grown to exponential phase in 100 ml of GC medium, harvested by centrifugation, and resuspended in 5 ml buffer (20% w/v sucrose, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 50 mM EDTA, pH8). After 10 minutes incubation on ice, the bacteria were lysed by adding 10 ml of lysis solution (50 mM NaCl, 1% Na-Sarkosyl, 50 ⁇ g/ml Proteinase K), and the suspension incubated at 37° C. for 2 hours.
  • lysis solution 50 mM NaCl, 1% Na-Sarkosyl, 50 ⁇ g/ml Proteinase K
  • the standard PCR protocol was as follows: 200 ng of genomic DNA from 2996, MC581000, or BZ232 strains or long of plasmid DNA preparation of recombinant clones were used as template in the presence of 40 ⁇ M of each oligonucletide primer, 400-800 ⁇ M dNTPs solution, 1 ⁇ PCR buffer (including 1.5 mM MgCl 2 ), 2.5 units TaqI DNA polymerase (using Perkin-Elmer AmpliTaQ, Boerhingher Mannheim ExpandTM Long Template).
  • each sample underwent a two-step amplification: the first 5 cycles were performed using the hybridisation temperature that excluded the restriction enzyme tail of the primer (T m1 ). This was followed by 30 cycles according to the hybridisation temperature calculated for the whole length oligos (T m2 ). Elongation times, performed at 68° C. or 72° C., varied according to the length of the Orf to be amplified. In the case of Orf1 the elongation time, starting from 3 minutes, was increased by 15 seconds each cycle. The cycles were completed with a 10 minute extension step at 72° C.
  • the amplified DNA was either loaded directly on a 1% agarose gel.
  • the DNA fragment corresponding to the band of correct size was purified from the gel using the Qiagen Gel Extraction Kit, following the manufacturer's protocol.
  • the purified DNA corresponding to the amplified fragment was digested with the appropriate restriction enzymes for cloning into pET-21b+, pET22b+or pET-24b+.
  • Digested fragments were purified using the QIAquick PCR purification kit (following the manufacturer's instructions) and eluted with either H 2 O or 10 mM Tris, pH 8.5.
  • Plasmid vectors were digested with the appropriate restriction enzymes, loaded onto a 1.0% agarose gel and the band corresponding to the digested vector purified using the Qiagen QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit.
  • Recombinant plasmid was transformed into competent E. coli DH5 or HB101 by incubating the ligase reaction solution and bacteria for 40 minutes on ice, then at 37° C. for 3 minutes. This was followed by the addition of 800 ⁇ l LB broth and incubation at 37° C. for 20 minutes. The cells were centrifuged at maximum speed in an Eppendorf microfuge, resuspended in approximately 200 ⁇ l of the supernatant and plated onto LB ampicillin (100 mg/ml) agar.
  • recombinant plasmids were transformed into E. coli strains suitable for expression of the recombinant protein. 1 ⁇ l of each construct was used to transform E. coli BL21-DE3 as described above. Single recombinant colonies were inoculated into 2 ml LB+Amp (100 ⁇ g/ml), incubated at 37° C. overnight, then diluted 1:30 in 20 ml of LB+Amp (100 ⁇ g/ml) in 100 ml flasks, to give an OD 600 between 0.1 and 0.2. The flasks were incubated at 30° C. or at 37° C.
  • OD 600 indicated exponential growth suitable for induction of expression (0.40.8 OD). Protein expression was induced by addition of 11.0 mM IPTG. After 3 hours incubation at 30° C. or 37° C. the OD 600 was measured and expression examined. 1.0 ml of each sample was centrifuged in a microfuge, the pellet resuspended in PBS and analysed by SDS-PAGE and Coomassie Blue staining.
  • the overnight culture was diluted 1:30 into 1.0 L LB/Amp (100 ⁇ g/ml) liquid medium and allowed to grow at the optimal temperature (30 or 37° C.) until the OD 550 reached 0.6-0.8.
  • Expression of recombinant protein was induced by addition of IPTG (final concentration 1.0 mM) and the culture incubated for a further 3 hours.
  • Bacteria were harvested by centrifugation at 8000 g for 15 min at 4° C.
  • the bacterial pellet was resuspended in 7.5 ml of either (i) cold buffer A (300 mM NaCl, 50 mM phosphate buffer, 10 mM imidazole, pH 8.0) for soluble proteins or (ii) buffer B (10 mM Tris-HCl, 100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 8.8 and, optionally, 8M urea) for insoluble proteins. Proteins purified in a soluble form included 287-His, ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4287-His, ⁇ 4287MC58-His, 287c-His and 287cMC58-His. Protein 287bMC58-His was insoluble and purified accordingly.
  • the His-fusion protein was eluted by addition of 700 ⁇ l of either (i) cold elution buffer A (300 mM NaCl, 50 mM phosphate buffer, 250 mM imidazole, pH 8.0) or (ii) elution buffer B (10 mM Tris-HCl, 100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 4.5 and, optionally, 8M urea) and fractions collected until the OD 280 indicated all the recombinant protein was obtained. 20 ⁇ l aliquots of each elution fraction were analysed by SDS-PAGE. Protein concentrations were estimated using the Bradford assay.
  • Balb/C mice were immunized with antigens on days 0, 21 and 35 and sera analyzed at day 49.
  • acapsulated MenB M7 and the capsulated strains were plated on chocolate agar plates and incubated overnight at 37° C. with 5% CO 2 .
  • Bacterial colonies were collected from the agar plates using a sterile dracon swab and inoculated into Mueller-Hinton Broth (Difco) containing 0.25% glucose. Bacterial growth was monitored every 30 minutes by following OD 620 . The bacteria were let to grow until the OD reached the value of 0.4-0.5. The culture was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 4000 rpm.
  • the acapsulated MenB M7 strain was plated on chocolate agar plates and incubated overnight at 37° C. with 5% CO 2 . Bacterial colonies were collected from the agar plates using a sterile dracon swab and inoculated into 4 tubes containing 8 ml each Mueller-Hinton Broth (Difco) containing 0.25% glucose. Bacterial growth was monitored every 30 minutes by following OD 620 . The bacteria were let to grow until the OD reached the value of 0.35-0.5. The culture was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 4000 rpm.
  • the supernatant was discarded and the pellet was resuspended in blocking buffer (1% BSA in PBS, 0.4% NaN 3 ) and centrifuged for 5 minutes at 4000 rpm. Cells were resuspended in blocking buffer to reach OD 620 of 0.05. 100 ⁇ l bacterial cells were added to each well of a Costar 96 well plate. 100 ⁇ l of diluted (1:100, 1:200, 1:400) sera (in blocking buffer) were added to each well and plates incubated for 2 hours at 4° C. Cells were centrifuged for 5 minutes at 400 rpm, the supernatant aspirated and cells washed by addition of 200 ⁇ l/well of blocking buffer in each well.
  • blocking buffer 1% BSA in PBS, 0.4% NaN 3
  • N. meningitidis strain 2996 was grown overnight at 37° C. on chocolate agar plates (starting from a frozen stock) with 5% CO 2 . Colonies were collected and used to inoculate 7 ml Mueller-Hinton broth, containing 0.25% glucose to reach an OD 620 of 0.05-0.08. The culture was incubated for approximately 1.5 hours at 37 degrees with shacking until the OD 620 reached the value of 0.23-0.24.
  • Bacteria were diluted in 50 mM Phosphate buffer pH 7.2 containing 10 mM MgCl 2 , 10 mM CaCl 2 and 0.5% (w/v) BSA (assay buffer) at the working dilution of 10 5 CFU/ml.
  • the total volume of the final reaction mixture was 50 ⁇ l with 25 ⁇ l of serial two fold dilution of test serum, 12.5 ⁇ l of bacteria at the working dilution, 12.5 ⁇ l of baby rabbit complement (final concentration 25%).
  • Controls included bacteria incubated with complement serum, immune sera incubated with bacteria and with complement inactivated by heating at 56° C. for 30′.
  • 10 ⁇ l of the controls were plated on Mueller-Hinton agar plates using the tilt method (time 0).
  • the 96-wells plate was incubated for 1 hour at 37° C. with rotation.
  • 7 ⁇ l of each sample were plated on Mueller-Hinton agar plates as spots, whereas 10 ⁇ l of the controls were plated on Mueller-Hinton agar plates using the tilt method (time 1).
  • Agar plates were incubated for 18 hours at 37 degrees and the colonies corresponding to time 0 and time 1 were counted.
  • the membrane was washed twice with washing buffer (3% skimmed milk, 0.1% Triton X100 in PBS) and incubated for 2 hours at 37° C. with mice sera diluted 1:200 in washing buffer. The membrane was washed twice and incubated for 90 minutes with a 1:2000 dilution of horseradish peroxidase labelled anti-mouse Ig. The membrane was washed twice with 0.1% Triton X100 in PBS and developed with the Opti-4CN Substrate Kit (Bio-Rad). The reaction was stopped by adding water.
  • the OMVs were prepared as follows: N. meningitidis strain 2996 was grown overnight at 37 degrees with 5% CO 2 on 5 GC plates, harvested with a loop and resuspended in 10 ml of 20 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 2 mM EDTA. Heat inactivation was performed at 56° C. for 45 minutes and the bacteria disrupted by sonication for 5 minutes on ice (50% duty cycle, 50% output, Branson sonifier 3 mm microtip). Unbroken cells were removed by centrifugation at 5000 g for 10 minutes, the supernatant containing the total cell envelope fraction recovered and further centrifuged overnight at 50000 g at the temperature of 4° C.
  • the pellet containing the membranes was resuspended in 2% sarkosyl, 20 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 2 mM EDTA and incubated at room temperature for 20 minutes to solubilise the inner membranes.
  • the suspension was centrifuged at 10000 g for 10 minutes to remove aggregates, the supernatant was further centrifuged at 50000 g for 3 hours.
  • the pellet, containing the outer membranes was washed in PBS and resuspended in the same buffer. Protein concentration was measured by the D.C. Bio-Rad Protein assay (Modified Lowry method), using BSA as a standard.
  • Total cell extracts were prepared as follows: N. meningitidis strain 2996 was grown overnight on a GC plate, harvested with a loop and resuspended in 1 ml of 20 mM Tris-HCl. Heat inactivation was performed at 56° C. for 30 minutes.

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