TWI603258B - 用於隨時聽取語音觸發之動態臨限值 - Google Patents

用於隨時聽取語音觸發之動態臨限值 Download PDF

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TWI603258B
TWI603258B TW104128530A TW104128530A TWI603258B TW I603258 B TWI603258 B TW I603258B TW 104128530 A TW104128530 A TW 104128530A TW 104128530 A TW104128530 A TW 104128530A TW I603258 B TWI603258 B TW I603258B
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潤 金
托馬斯R 格鲁伯
約翰 布萊德
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蘋果公司
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/16Sound input; Sound output
    • G06F3/167Audio in a user interface, e.g. using voice commands for navigating, audio feedback
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/16Sound input; Sound output
    • G06F3/165Management of the audio stream, e.g. setting of volume, audio stream path
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10LSPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00Speech recognition
    • G10L15/20Speech recognition techniques specially adapted for robustness in adverse environments, e.g. in noise, of stress induced speech
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10LSPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00Speech recognition
    • G10L15/22Procedures used during a speech recognition process, e.g. man-machine dialogue
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10LSPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00Speech recognition
    • G10L15/08Speech classification or search
    • G10L2015/088Word spotting
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10LSPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00Speech recognition
    • G10L15/22Procedures used during a speech recognition process, e.g. man-machine dialogue
    • G10L2015/223Execution procedure of a spoken command
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10LSPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00Speech recognition
    • G10L15/22Procedures used during a speech recognition process, e.g. man-machine dialogue
    • G10L2015/226Procedures used during a speech recognition process, e.g. man-machine dialogue using non-speech characteristics

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Description

用於隨時聽取語音觸發之動態臨限值 相關申請案之交叉參考
本申請案主張2014年9月12日申請之名為「用於隨時聽取語音觸發之動態臨限值(DYNAMIC THRESHOLDS FOR ALWAYS LISTENING SPEECH TRIGGER)」的美國臨時申請案第62/049,917號及2015年8月24日申請之名為「用於隨時聽取語音觸發之動態臨限值(DYNAMIC THRESHOLDS FOR ALWAYS LISTENING SPEECH TRIGGER)」的美國非臨時申請案第14/834,194號之優先權,該等申請案之全文係出於所有目的而以引用的方式併入本文中。
本發明大體上係關於語音觸發,且更具體言之,係關於動態地調整隨時聽取語音觸發臨限值。
智慧型自動化助理(或虛擬助理)提供使用者與電子器件之間的直觀介面。此等助理可允許使用者使用呈口語及/或文字形式之自然語言而與器件或系統互動。舉例而言,使用者可藉由將呈自然語言形式之口語使用者輸入提供至與電子器件相關聯之虛擬助理而存取電子器件之服務。虛擬助理可對口語使用者輸入執行自然語言處理以推斷使用者意圖且將使用者意圖操作化成任務。可接著藉由執行電子器件之一或多個功能而執行任務,且可將相關輸出以自然語言形式傳回至使 用者。
可以多種方式觸發虛擬助理互動。在一個實例中,可回應於使用者按壓使用者器件上之實體或虛擬按鈕而起始虛擬助理工作階段,此後,虛擬助理接收使用者命令、判定使用者意圖且執行關聯命令。在其他實例中,可回應於偵測到口語觸發而起始虛擬助理工作階段。舉例而言,使用者器件可始終(例如,隨時聽取)、在某些情形中、在特定時間或其類似者聽取觸發字組或片語。在偵測到口語觸發字組或片語後,就可起始虛擬助理工作階段,其中虛擬助理接收使用者命令、判定使用者意圖且執行關聯命令。口語觸發亦可用以致使其他動作且起始與多種其他系統及器件之互動。
然而,可歸因於背景雜訊、干擾、使用者語音變化及多種其他因素而遺漏語音觸發。舉例而言,使用者可輕柔地、在有雜訊環境中、以獨特音調之話音或其類似者發出語音觸發,且可不觸發虛擬助理。使用者在此等情況下可更大聲地或更清晰地重複語音觸發,或其可採取手動地起始虛擬助理工作階段。經遺漏觸發可因此對於使用者而言感到很挫折。除了被遺漏以外,亦可錯誤地辨識語音觸發,從而導致誤報觸發事件,其削弱使用者體驗、浪費器件電力及其類似者。舉例而言,來自附近個人之背景語音可被偵測,且可不良地導致使用者從未預期之誤報觸發事件。
在一些實例中,臨限值信賴等級可用以判定是否基於可含有口語觸發之經取樣音訊而觸發虛擬助理。可基於音訊包括刻意口語觸發字組或片語之可能性而判定信賴記分或等級。可取決於信賴記分高於抑或低於預定臨限值而起始虛擬助理工作階段。低於臨限值之信賴記分可不觸發虛擬助理,而高於臨限值之信賴記分可觸發虛擬助理。然而,隨著環境因素及使用情況變化,預定臨限值可不良地產生經遺漏觸發及誤報觸發事件。
因此,隨時聽取具有預定觸發臨限值之語音觸發可隨著環境及使用情況因素變化而遭受不良準確性,此可限制效用且負面地影響使用者體驗。
本發明揭示用於動態地調整一語音觸發臨限值之系統及處理序。在一個實例中,可經由一麥克風而接收音訊輸入。可取樣該音訊輸入。可判定該經取樣音訊輸入包括一口語觸發之一部分的一信賴等級。回應於該信賴等級超過一臨限值,可觸發一虛擬助理以自該音訊輸入接收一使用者命令。可回應於多種感知事件而動態地調整(例如,升高或降低)該臨限值。在一些實例中,觸發該虛擬助理包括起始與一使用者之一虛擬助理工作階段。在其他實例中,可基於該經接收使用者命令而判定一使用者意圖,且可執行與該經判定使用者意圖相關聯之一命令。
100‧‧‧系統
102‧‧‧使用者器件
108‧‧‧網路
110‧‧‧伺服器系統
114‧‧‧虛擬助理伺服器
116‧‧‧至外部服務之I/O介面
118‧‧‧處理模組
120‧‧‧資料與模型儲存體
122‧‧‧面向用戶端之I/O介面
124‧‧‧外部服務
202‧‧‧記憶體介面
204‧‧‧處理器
206‧‧‧周邊裝置介面
210‧‧‧運動感測器
212‧‧‧光感測器
214‧‧‧近接感測器
216‧‧‧其他感測器
220‧‧‧攝影機子系統
222‧‧‧光學感測器
224‧‧‧通信子系統
226‧‧‧音訊子系統
228‧‧‧揚聲器
230‧‧‧麥克風
240‧‧‧I/O子系統
242‧‧‧觸控螢幕控制器
244‧‧‧其他輸入控制器
246‧‧‧觸控螢幕
248‧‧‧其他輸入/控制器件
250‧‧‧記憶體
252‧‧‧作業系統
254‧‧‧通信模組
256‧‧‧圖形使用者介面(GUI)模組
258‧‧‧感測器處理模組
260‧‧‧電話模組
262‧‧‧應用程式模組
264‧‧‧虛擬助理用戶端模組
266‧‧‧使用者資料
300‧‧‧處理序
302‧‧‧區塊
304‧‧‧區塊
306‧‧‧區塊
308‧‧‧區塊
310‧‧‧區塊
312‧‧‧區塊
422‧‧‧介面
424‧‧‧助理問候語
426‧‧‧經轉譯使用者語音
428‧‧‧助理回應
430‧‧‧經轉譯使用者語音
432‧‧‧通知介面
434‧‧‧電子郵件
436‧‧‧音樂介面
438‧‧‧音樂選項
540‧‧‧多器件系統
542‧‧‧顯示器
544‧‧‧攝影機
546‧‧‧TV機上盒
548‧‧‧距離
550‧‧‧使用者
552‧‧‧距離
554‧‧‧安全性系統控制面板
556‧‧‧攝影機
558‧‧‧使用者
560‧‧‧距離
562‧‧‧距離
564‧‧‧平板電腦
600‧‧‧電子器件
602‧‧‧輸入介面單元
604‧‧‧輸出介面單元
606‧‧‧處理單元
608‧‧‧音訊接收單元
610‧‧‧音訊取樣單元
612‧‧‧信賴等級判定單元
614‧‧‧虛擬助理觸發單元
616‧‧‧臨限值調整單元
圖1說明根據各種實例的用於動態地調整語音觸發臨限值之例示性系統。
圖2說明根據各種實例的例示性使用者器件之方塊圖。
圖3說明用於動態地調整語音觸發臨限值且觸發虛擬助理之例示性處理序。
圖4A說明具有可用來調整語音觸發臨限值之例示性虛擬助理介面的使用者器件。
圖4B說明具有可用來調整語音觸發臨限值之例示性顯示內容的使用者器件。
圖5說明用於動態地調整語音觸發臨限值之多器件互動。
圖6說明根據各種實例的經組態以動態地調整語音觸發臨限值且觸發虛擬助理之電子器件的功能方塊圖。
在實例之以下描述中,參考隨附圖式,其中作為說明而展示可實踐之特定實例。應理解,在不脫離各種實例之範疇的情況下,可使用其他實例且可作出結構改變。
本發明係關於用於動態地調整語音觸發臨限值之系統及處理序,其可用來(例如)觸發虛擬助理或起始其他動作或互動。在一個實例中,可藉由基於感知事件(例如,環境因素、器件使用情況等等)來動態地調整語音觸發臨限值而達成準確的語音觸發。舉例而言,當感知事件指示使用者可較可能使用語音觸發來起始虛擬助理工作階段或語音觸發可較難以被偵測時,可降低語音觸發臨限值。此可藉由增加觸發之可能性而最小化經遺漏觸發。相反地,舉例而言,當感知事件指示使用者可較不可能使用語音觸發來起始虛擬助理工作階段時,可升高語音觸發臨限值。此可藉由減低觸發之可能性而最小化誤報觸發事件。
在一個實例中,可經由麥克風(例如,使用者器件之麥克風)而接收音訊輸入。可取樣經接收音訊輸入,且可判定經取樣音訊輸入是否包括口語觸發之部分的信賴等級。回應於信賴等級超過臨限值,可觸發虛擬助理以自音訊輸入接收使用者命令。可回應於感知事件而動態地調整臨限值,藉此將經遺漏觸發及誤報觸發事件兩者。
應理解,動態地調整語音觸發臨限值可提供準確的語音觸發、顯著的系統效用及令人愉快的使用者體驗。亦可藉由最小化誤報觸發事件且藉此限制不當的虛擬助理工作階段或其他經觸發動作而節約器件電力。然而,應理解,還可根據本文中所論述之各種實例而達成許多其他優勢。
圖1說明根據各種實例的用於動態地調整語音觸發臨限值且觸發虛擬助理之例示性系統100。應理解,如本文中所論述的調整語音觸 發臨限值可用於多種應用中之任一者,包括支援虛擬助理。在其他實例中,語音觸發臨限值可用以致使多種其他動作且用以起始與多種其他系統及器件中之任一者的互動,且此等語音觸發臨限值可根據本文中之各種實例予以動態地調整。術語「虛擬助理」、「數位助理」、「智慧型自動化助理」或「自動數位助理」可指可解譯呈口語及/或文字形式之自然語言輸入以推斷使用者意圖且基於經推斷使用者意圖而執行動作的任何資訊處理系統。舉例而言,為了作用於經推斷使用者意圖,系統可執行以下各者中之一或多者:識別具有經設計以實現經推斷使用者意圖之步驟及參數的任務流程;將來自經推斷使用者意圖之特定要求輸入至任務流程中;藉由調用程式、方法、服務、API或其類似者而執行任務流程;及以聽覺(例如,語音)及/或視覺形式產生對使用者之輸出回應。
虛擬助理可能夠接受至少部分地呈自然語言命令、請求、陳述、記述及/或詢問形式之使用者請求。通常,使用者請求由虛擬助理尋求任務之資訊回覆或執行。對使用者請求之滿意回應可包括經請求資訊回覆之提供、經請求任務之執行,或兩者之組合。舉例而言,使用者可向虛擬助理詢問問題,諸如「我此刻在哪(Where am I right now)」?基於使用者之當前位置,虛擬助理可回覆:「您在中央公園(You are in Central Park)」。使用者亦可請求任務之執行,例如,「請提醒我今天下午4點與母親通話(Please remind me to call Mom at 4 p.m.today)」。作為回應,虛擬助理可應答請求且接著在使用者之電子排程中建立適當提醒項目。在經請求任務之執行期間,虛擬助理有時可遍及延伸之時間段而在涉及資訊之多次交換的連續對話中與使用者互動。存在與虛擬助理互動以請求各種任務之資訊或執行的眾多其他方式。除了提供口頭回應且採取經程式化動作以外,虛擬助理亦可以其他視覺或音訊形式(例如,作為文字、警示、音樂、視訊、動畫 等等)提供回應。
申請人的2011年1月10日申請之美國實用申請案第12/987,982號「智慧型自動化助理(Intelligent Automated Assistant)」中描述虛擬助理之實例,該申請案之全部揭示內容係以引用的方式併入本文中。
如圖1所展示,在一些實例中,虛擬助理可根據用戶端-伺服器模型予以實施。虛擬助理可包括在使用者器件102上執行之用戶端側部分,及在伺服器系統110上執行之伺服器側部分。使用者器件102可包括任何電子器件,諸如行動電話(例如,智慧型電話)、平板電腦、攜帶型媒體播放器、桌上型電腦、膝上型電腦、PDA、電視、電視機上盒(例如,纜線轉換器、視訊播放器、視訊串流器件等等)、可穿戴式電子器件(例如,數位眼鏡、腕帶、腕錶、胸針、臂帶等等)、遊戲系統、家用安全性系統、家用自動化系統、車輛控制系統或其類似者。使用者器件102可經由一或多個網路108(其可包括網際網路、企業內部網路,或任何其他有線或無線公用或私用網路)而與伺服器系統110通信。
在使用者器件102上執行之用戶端側部分可提供用戶端側功能性,諸如面向使用者之輸入與輸出處理及與伺服器系統110之通信。伺服器系統110可向駐留於各別使用者器件102上之任何數目個用戶端提供伺服器側功能性。
伺服器系統110可包括一或多個虛擬助理伺服器114,其可包括面向用戶端之I/O介面122、一或多個處理模組118、資料與模型儲存體120,及至外部服務之I/O介面116。面向用戶端之I/O介面122可促進用於虛擬助理伺服器114的面向用戶端之輸入與輸出處理。一或多個處理模組118可利用資料與模型儲存體120以基於自然語言輸入而判定使用者意圖,且可基於經推斷使用者意圖而執行任務執行。在一些實例中,虛擬助理伺服器114可經由網路108而與外部服務124(諸如電話 服務、行事曆服務、資訊服務、傳訊服務、導航服務及其類似者)通信以用於任務完成或資訊獲取。至外部服務之I/O介面116可促進此等通信。
伺服器系統110可實施於一或多個單機資料處理器件或一分散式電腦網路上。在一些實例中,伺服器系統110可使用第三方服務提供者(例如,第三方雲端服務提供者)之各種虛擬器件及/或服務以提供伺服器系統110之基礎計算資源及/或基礎結構資源。
儘管虛擬助理之功能性在圖1中被展示為包括用戶端側部分及伺服器側部分兩者,但在一些實例中,助理(或一般而言,語音辨識)之功能可被實施為安裝於使用者器件上之單機應用程式。另外,在虛擬助理之用戶端部分與伺服器部分之間的功能性劃分可在不同實例中變化。舉例而言,在一些實例中,在使用者器件102上執行之用戶端可為僅提供面向使用者之輸入與輸出處理功能且將虛擬助理之所有其他功能性委派至後端伺服器的精簡型用戶端。
圖2說明根據各種實例的例示性使用者器件102之方塊圖。如所展示,使用者器件102可包括記憶體介面202、一或多個處理器204,及周邊裝置介面206。使用者器件102中之各種組件可由一或多個通信匯流排或信號線耦接在一起。使用者器件102可進一步包括耦接至周邊裝置介面206之各種感測器、子系統及周邊器件。該等感測器、子系統及周邊器件可搜集資訊及/或促進使用者器件102之各種功能性。
舉例而言,使用者器件102可包括耦接至周邊裝置介面206以促進定向、光及近接感測功能之運動感測器210、光感測器212及近接感測器214。一或多個其他感測器216(諸如定位系統(例如,GPS接收器)、溫度感測器、生物測定感測器、陀螺儀、羅盤、加速計及其類似者)亦可連接至周邊裝置介面206以促進相關功能性。
在一些實例中,可利用攝影機子系統220及光學感測器222以促進 攝影機功能,諸如拍攝相片及記錄視訊剪輯。可經由一或多個有線及/或無線通信子系統224而促進通信功能,有線及/或無線通信子系統224可包括各種通信埠、射頻接收器與傳輸器,及/或光學(例如,紅外線)接收器與傳輸器。音訊子系統226可耦接至揚聲器228及麥克風230以促進話音啟用功能,諸如語音觸發偵測、話音辨識、話音複寫、數位記錄及電話功能。
在一些實例中,使用者器件102可進一步包括耦接至周邊裝置介面206之I/O子系統240。I/O子系統240可包括觸控螢幕控制器242及/或其他輸入控制器244。觸控螢幕控制器242可耦接至觸控螢幕246。觸控螢幕246及觸控螢幕控制器242可(例如)使用複數種觸敏性技術(諸如電容性、電阻性、紅外線及表面聲波技術)、近接感測器陣列及其類似者中之任一者來偵測接觸及其移動或中斷。其他輸入控制器244可耦接至其他輸入/控制器件248,諸如一或多個按鈕、搖臂開關、拇指旋輪、紅外線埠、USB埠,及/或諸如手寫筆之指標器件。
在一些實例中,使用者器件102可進一步包括耦接至記憶體250之記憶體介面202。記憶體250可包括:任何電子、磁性、光學、電磁、紅外線或半導體系統、裝置或器件;攜帶型電腦磁片(磁性);隨機存取記憶體(RAM)(磁性);唯讀記憶體(ROM)(磁性);可抹除可程式化唯讀記憶體(EPROM)(磁性);諸如CD、CD-R、CD-RW、DVD、DVD-R或DVD-RW之攜帶型光碟;或諸如緊密快閃記憶卡、安全數位卡、USB記憶體器件、記憶棒及其類似者之快閃記憶體。在一些實例中,記憶體250之非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體可用以儲存指令(例如,用於執行下文所描述之處理序300中之一些或全部)以供或結合指令執行系統、裝置或器件(諸如基於電腦之系統、含有處理器之系統,或可自指令執行系統、裝置或器件提取指令且可執行該等指令之其他系統)使用。在其他實例中,指令(例如,用於執行下文所描述之處理序 300)可儲存於伺服器系統110之非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體上,或可劃分於記憶體250之非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體與伺服器系統110之非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體之間。在本文件之上下文中,「非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體」可為可含有或儲存程式以供或結合指令執行系統、裝置或器件使用之任何媒體。
在一些實例中,記憶體250可儲存作業系統252、通信模組254、圖形使用者介面模組256、感測器處理模組258、電話模組260及應用程式262。作業系統252可包括用於處置基本系統服務且用於執行硬體相依任務之指令。通信模組254可促進與一或多個額外器件、一或多個電腦及/或一或多個伺服器之通信。圖形使用者介面模組256可促進圖形使用者介面處理。感測器處理模組258可促進感測器相關處理及功能。電話模組260可促進電話相關處理序及功能。應用程式模組262可促進使用者應用程式之各種功能性,諸如電子傳訊、網頁瀏覽、媒體處理、導航、成像,及/或其他處理序及功能。
如本文中所描述,記憶體250亦可儲存用戶端側虛擬助理指令(例如,在虛擬助理用戶端模組264中)及各種使用者資料266(例如,使用者特定詞彙資料、偏好資料,及/或諸如使用者之電子通訊錄、待辦事項清單、購物清單等等之其他資料)以(例如)提供虛擬助理之用戶端側功能性。使用者資料266亦可用來執行支援虛擬助理之語音辨識或用於任何其他應用。
在各種實例中,虛擬助理用戶端模組264可能夠經由使用者器件102之各種使用者介面(例如,I/O子系統240、音訊子系統226或其類似者)而接受話音輸入(例如,語音輸入)、文字輸入、觸控輸入及/或示意動作輸入。虛擬助理用戶端模組264亦可能夠提供呈音訊(例如,語音輸出)、視覺及/或觸覺形式之輸出。舉例而言,輸出可被提供為話音、聲音、警示、文字訊息、選單、圖形、視訊、動畫、振動,及 /或以上各者中之兩者或兩者以上之組合。在操作期間,虛擬助理用戶端模組264可使用通信子系統224而與虛擬助理伺服器通信。
在一些實例中,虛擬助理用戶端模組264可利用各種感測器、子系統及周邊器件以自使用者器件102之周圍環境搜集額外資訊以建立與使用者、當前使用者互動及/或當前使用者輸入相關聯之上下文。在一些實例中,虛擬助理用戶端模組264可將具有使用者輸入之上下文資訊或其子集提供至虛擬助理伺服器以幫助推斷使用者意圖。虛擬助理亦可使用上下文資訊以判定如何準備輸出及將輸出遞送至使用者。上下文資訊可進一步由使用者器件102或伺服器系統110使用以支援準確的語音辨識,如本文中所論述。
在一些實例中,伴隨使用者輸入之上下文資訊可包括感測器資訊,諸如照明、環境雜訊、環境溫度、周圍環境之影像或視訊、至另一物件之距離,及其類似者。上下文資訊可進一步包括與使用者器件102之實體狀態(例如,器件定向、器件位置、器件溫度、功率位準、速度、加速度、運動型樣、蜂巢式信號強度等等)或使用者器件102之軟體狀態(例如,執行中處理序、已安裝程式、過去與目前網路活動、背景服務、錯誤記錄檔、資源使用情況等等)相關聯的資訊。可將此等類型之上下文資訊中之任一者提供至虛擬助理伺服器114(或用於使用者器件102自身上)作為與使用者輸入相關聯之上下文資訊。
在一些實例中,虛擬助理用戶端模組264可回應於來自虛擬助理伺服器114之請求而選擇性地提供儲存於使用者器件102上之資訊(例如,使用者資料266)(或其可在使用者器件102自身上用來執行語音辨識及/或虛擬助理功能)。虛擬助理用戶端模組264亦可在虛擬助理伺服器114之請求後就經由自然語言對話或其他使用者介面而自使用者引出額外輸入。虛擬助理用戶端模組264可將額外輸入傳遞至虛擬助理伺服器114以幫助虛擬助理伺服器114對在使用者請求中表達之使用 者意圖進行意圖推斷及/或履行。
在各種實例中,記憶體250可包括額外指令或較少指令。此外,使用者器件102之各種功能可實施於硬體中及/或韌體中,包括實施於一或多個信號處理及/或特殊應用積體電路中。
應理解,系統100不限於圖1所展示之組件及組態,且使用者器件102同樣地不限於圖2所展示之組件及組態。系統100及使用者器件102兩者可包括根據各種實例的呈多個組態之較少或其他組件。
圖3說明用於動態地調整語音觸發臨限值且觸發虛擬助理之例示性處理序300。處理序300可(例如)在上文參看圖2所論述之使用者器件102之處理器204上執行。在其他實例中,伺服器系統110之處理模組118及使用者器件102之處理器204可一起用以執行處理序300中之一些或全部。在區塊302處,可經由麥克風(諸如使用者器件102之麥克風230)而接收音訊輸入。在區塊304處,可取樣經接收音訊輸入。在一個實例中,可以規則間隔取樣經接收音訊輸入,諸如每10毫秒取樣經接收音訊之部分。在其他實例中,可以各種其他間隔連續地取樣或分析經接收音訊輸入。應理解,隨時聽取可包括連續地接收及分析音訊,或可包括以規則間隔或在特定時間接收及分析音訊。
在區塊306處,可判定經取樣音訊輸入包含口語觸發之部分的信賴等級。在一個實例中,可分析音訊之經取樣部分以判定其是否包括語音觸發之部分。語音觸發可包括使用者可發出以觸發動作(例如,起始虛擬助理工作階段)之多種口語字組或片語中之任一者。舉例而言,使用者可發出「嗨,Siri(hey Siri)」以起始與被稱作「Siri」之虛擬助理的工作階段。在其他實例中,使用者可發出指定助理名稱或參考,諸如「助理(Assistant)」、「Siri」、「秘書(Secretary)」、「嗨,助理(Hi Assistant)」、「您好,幫助者(Hello Helper)」或任何其他名稱或參考。
在其他實例中,口語觸發可包括命令、動作、查詢或其他可動作的字組或片語。舉例而言,某些命令或問題可始終或在某些情形中為可用的,且彼等命令或問題可用作口語觸發以起始動作(例如,執行關聯命令或對問題作出回應)。在一些實例中,應用程式名稱或程式名稱亦可用作口語觸發以啟動彼等應用程式。使用者可發出(例如)「通電(Power on)」、「發送訊息(Send a message)」、「現在是什麼時間(What time is it)」、「我的下一會議是什麼(What's my next meeting)」、「啟動攝影機應用程式(Launch the camera application)」、「攝影機(Camera)」、「電子郵件(Email)」、「訊息(Messages)」、「播放音樂(Play music)」、「暫停音樂(Pause music)」、「收音機(Radio)」、「導航(Navigation)」、「計算器(Calculator)」、「記事(Notes)」、「手電筒(Flashlight)」、「電話(Phone)」,或可被辨識為口語觸發以啟動應用程式、執行命令或對查詢作出回應之多種其他應用程式名稱、命令及查詢中之任一者。在一些實例中,啟動一些應用程式、執行某些命令及對某些查詢作出回應可在不完全地起始與虛擬助理之工作階段的情況下(例如,在不起始虛擬助理互動的情況下)進行。在其他實例中,可回應於此等發出而起始虛擬助理工作階段,且可在無來自使用者之另外口語輸入的情況下執行關聯功能。在又其他實例中,使用者可依序地發出觸發片語及命令或問題而不在之間等待確認或提示(例如,「嗨,Siri,今天天氣如何(Hey Siri,what's the weather today)?」),且虛擬助理可執行命令或對問題作出回應而不發佈提示或在觸發片語與命令或問題之間實施其他延遲。
因此應理解,多種字組、片語、動作、命令、查詢、此等者之組合及其類似者可用作口語觸發。同樣地,儘管本文中描述觸發虛擬助理(例如,起始工作階段)之實例,但口語觸發可用於多種其他動作、命令、查詢、功能及其類似者,且本文中所描述的動態地調整觸發臨 限值之實例可用於與任何其他功能相關聯之任何其他口語觸發。
可在區塊306處以多種方式判定針對經取樣音訊包括口語觸發之部分之可能性的信賴等級或記分。在一個實例中,可比較經取樣音訊與經接受語音觸發之音訊檔案或其他數位表示,且可基於經取樣音訊與語音觸發表示之匹配有多好而判定記分或等級。在其他實例中,可自經取樣音訊判定音素序列,且可比較該音素序列與經接受語音觸發之音素序列。可接著基於經取樣音訊之音素序列與經接受語音觸發之音素序列的匹配有多好而判定記分或等級。在又其他實例中,可以多種其他方式比較經取樣音訊與口語觸發之部分以判定針對經取樣音訊與口語觸發之部分之匹配有多好的記分或等級。一般熟習此項技術者將瞭解,存在可用以判定音訊樣本含有或對應於語音觸發之部分或全部之可能性(例如,信賴等級、信賴記分等等)的各種方法。
在決策區塊308處,可作出關於在區塊306處判定之信賴等級是否超過臨限值的判定。在一個實例中,語音觸發信賴等級臨限值可為預定的,在高於該臨限值的情況下可起始對應動作,但在低於該臨限值的情況下可不起始對應動作。此臨限值可(例如)憑經驗判定、由使用者偏好設定,或其類似者。如下文參看區塊312更詳細地所論述,可基於多種感知事件及詳情而動態地調整此臨限值。
若來自區塊306之信賴等級不超過如在決策區塊308處判定之臨限值(例如,「否」分支),則處理序300可返回至區塊302且藉由繼續接收及取樣音訊而進行。在一些實例中,處理序300可連續地循環以隨時聽取語音觸發。在其他實例中,處理序300可在某些時間(例如,典型喚醒時數、工作時段、社交時間等等)期間循環以聽取語音觸發。在又其他實例中,處理序300可在一事件(例如,通電、螢幕喚醒、警告發聲、通知接收等等)之後循環以聽取語音觸發達某一非零時間段。在又其他實例中,處理序300可基於多種其他因素(例如,在器件 連接至電源時、在使用者與器件接洽時、在螢幕開啟時、在經排程行事曆會議期間、在經排程行事曆會議外,等等)而循環以聽取語音觸發。
若來自區塊306之信賴等級確實超過如在決策區塊308處判定之臨限值(例如,「是」分支),則處理序300可進行至區塊310。在區塊310處,可觸發虛擬助理以自音訊輸入接收使用者命令。舉例而言,在高於臨限值之信賴等級指示語音觸發可能被發出及接收的情況下,可觸發虛擬助理以自音訊輸入接收使用者命令。在一些實例中,觸發虛擬助理可包括起始與使用者之虛擬助理工作階段。虛擬助理工作階段可(例如)包括提示(例如,播放聲音、顯示影像、顯示文字、照明指示燈等等)以向使用者通知觸發被辨識及系統預備接收命令。使用者可接著發出針對虛擬助理之命令或請求。如上文所論述,可接著基於經接收使用者命令或請求而判定使用者意圖,且可執行與經判定使用者意圖相關聯之命令或可提供對請求之回應。
在其他實例中,可在無特定提示的情況下起始虛擬助理工作階段,且虛擬助理可緊隨觸發片語而自音訊輸入接收使用者命令。舉例而言,使用者可發出由命令或問題緊隨之觸發片語(例如,「嗨,Siri,告訴我的母親我在路上(Hey Siri,tell my mom I'm on my way)」)。在觸發片語被說出之信賴等級足夠高的情況下,可觸發虛擬助理以接收後續音訊輸入作為命令(例如,「告訴我的母親我在路上」),而不首先要求提示或其他延遲。然而,在一些實例中,可在觸發片語與命令或問題之間快速地發佈簡短提示、靜音提示(例如,文字顯示、照明燈等等)或其他不顯眼提示。在又其他實例中,如上文所提到,觸發片語自身可包括命令或問題,且可在區塊310處致使虛擬助理自音訊輸入(例如,自緩衝器或其類似者)接收命令或問題。
在區塊312處,可回應於感知事件而動態地調整在決策區塊308處 使用之語音觸發信賴等級臨限值。在一些實例中,可降低臨限值,此可增加觸發之敏感度,因此增加音訊輸入將被辨識為觸發之可能性。在其他實例中,可升高臨限值,此可減低觸發之敏感度,因此減低音訊輸入將被辨識為觸發之可能性。可回應於多種感知事件、條件、情形及其類似者而動態地升高及/或降低臨限值。舉例而言,當感知事件表明使用者可能發出語音觸發、錯誤觸發將最低限度地不便(例如,在有雜訊環境中時)、經遺漏觸發將相對不便(例如,在駕駛時)或其類似者時,可降低臨限值以增加觸發之可能性。相反地,當感知事件表明使用者不大可能發出語音觸發、錯誤觸發將尤其不良(例如,在重要會議期間或在安靜環境中)、經遺漏觸發將最低限度地不便或其類似者時,可升高臨限值以減低觸發之可能性。
在一個實例中,當經遺漏觸發顯得可能且預料重試時,可降低臨限值。舉例而言,使用者可發出觸發片語(例如,「嗨,Siri」),但在處理序300之區塊306處判定的信賴等級可低於臨限值且不足以觸發虛擬助理(例如,歸因於輕柔說話、干擾、與器件相隔之距離等等)。使用者或許可能第二次重試及說出觸發片語(例如,更清晰地、更大聲地、更接近於器件等等),且可需要確保經重複觸發不被再次遺漏。在經遺漏觸發期間判定之信賴等級可在臨限值之預定範圍內而不超過臨限值,諸如比臨限值低少許點或在臨限值之某一百分比內。舉例而言,對於為70之臨限值,預定範圍可被界定為50至69。在此實例中,經遺漏觸發可能已被記分為65,其將不足以觸發虛擬助理。然而,在考慮到感知觸發在為50至69之預定範圍內的情況下,可降低臨限值,使得經重複觸發片語可較可能在使用者第二次發出該片語時觸發虛擬助理。可因此基於具有在臨限值之預定範圍內而不超過臨限值之信賴等級的音訊輸入之先前取樣而降低臨限值。應瞭解,預定範圍可憑經驗判定、由使用者設定,或其類似者。
在另一實例中,可基於偵測到顯示器上展示之內容而降低或升高臨限值。舉例而言,當螢幕被啟動或喚醒時、當為用於語音請求之共同主題的某些內容被顯示時、當通知被接收或顯示時、當使用者正存取虛擬助理服務時或其類似者,可降低臨限值。相關顯示器可包括使用者器件102之觸控螢幕246或任何其他顯示器(例如,電視顯示器、膝上型電腦顯示器、控制面板顯示器等等)。在一些實例中,可基於所展示之內容類型或相似地基於使用者與螢幕上元素之互動(例如,選擇待播放音樂、讀取電子郵件、對訊息作出回應等等)而升高或降低臨限值。
圖4A說明具有展示可用來調整語音觸發臨限值之虛擬助理介面422之觸控螢幕246的使用者器件102。在一個實例中,只要顯示介面422或只要使用者正以其他方式與虛擬助理或虛擬助理服務互動(例如,當顯示與虛擬助理相關聯之任何內容時),就可降低臨限值。詳言之,隨著虛擬助理互動可延伸超出一個使用者查詢,額外查詢將在同一互動期間被接收之可能性可用以降低語音觸發臨限值,藉此增加觸發之可能性以供後續查詢。介面422可包括(例如)向使用者提示命令之助理問候語424、包括使用者查詢之經轉譯使用者語音426(例如,「今天會下雨嗎(Will it rain today)?」),及對該查詢作出回應之助理回應428(例如,「預報中存在60%的下雨可能性(There is a 60%chance of rain in the forecast)」)。在顯示介面422時,可降低用於觸發虛擬助理以再次接收命令之臨限值以容易地偵測後繼互動。舉例而言,在顯示介面422時,使用者可發出「啟動相片(Launch Photos)」,其可在一些實例中被辨識為觸發片語。經降低臨限值可較可能使發出將觸發及致使虛擬助理接收命令且執行關聯使用者意圖。
在另一實例中,可基於虛擬助理是否為作用中而降低臨限值。在一些實例中,虛擬助理是否為作用中可自顯示器(例如,諸如觸控螢 幕246上之介面422)顯而易見。然而,在其他實例中,虛擬助理可為作用中而無資訊顯示(例如,在器件上為作用中而無顯示、在背景中操作、在車輛中操作而不顯示資訊,等等)。如同圖4A之介面422,偵測到虛擬助理為作用中可用以降低臨限值以在經接收觸發發出時增加觸發之可能性。此可增加後繼發出將正確地觸發虛擬助理以接收後續查詢之可能性。
圖4B說明具有展示可用來調整語音觸發臨限值之例示性顯示內容之觸控螢幕246的使用者器件102。在一個實例中,可回應於偵測到通知已被接收、發佈、顯示、發聲或其類似者而調整語音觸發臨限值。舉例而言,可顯示展示新電子郵件434被接收之通知介面432(例如,經動畫化以自觸控螢幕246之頂部向下滑動,如由箭頭所指示)。回應於偵測到通知介面432之顯示、新電子郵件434之接收、通知之發聲或通知已提供至使用者之另一指示,可降低語音觸發臨限值。在一些情況下,通知可提示使用者發佈相關虛擬助理命令,諸如讀出電子郵件、顯示新訊息、對經接收訊息作出回應、回覆來電通話、拒絕來電通話或其類似者。可在偵測到通知後就降低語音觸發臨限值,使得在考慮到使用者將緊隨經接收通知而需要協助之可能性增加的情況下,觸發虛擬助理可為較可能的。
可偵測任何類型之通知以致使語音觸發臨限值降低,包括來電通話、新訊息、應用程式通知、警示、行事曆提醒或其類似者。另外,在一些實例中,不同類型之通知可致使臨限值降低不同量。舉例而言,臨限值可針對來電通話相比於針對應用程式通知降低得更多,此係因為使用者相比於針對應用程式通知可較可能發佈與來電通話相關聯之話音命令。在其他實例中,可回應於偵測到通知而升高臨限值。舉例而言,可回應於會議正開始之行事曆提醒而升高臨限值,使得虛擬助理可較不可能錯誤地觸發及中斷該會議。可因此以多種方式使用 通知以調整語音觸發臨限值。
在一些實例中,通知可用作偽觸發以允許使用者在不首先發出語音觸發的情況下與虛擬助理互動。舉例而言,回應於接收到通知(例如,通知介面432中展示之新電子郵件434),可觸發虛擬助理以在不偵測口語觸發之接收的情況下自音訊輸入接收使用者命令。若使用者發出在通知之後的命令(例如,「為我讀取那個(read that to me)」),則在不首先要求特定語音觸發的情況下可判定使用者意圖且可執行命令(例如,可讀出新接收之電子郵件)。若使用者在某一時間內不發出命令,則不大可能自輸入判定使用者意圖,且可不發生虛擬助理動作。針對口語命令之等待時間可基於通知而變化,諸如當接收到多個通知或通知為複雜(例如,行事曆邀請、訊息等等)時相比於當接收到單一簡單通知(例如,提醒、警示等等)時聽取命令達較長持續時間。在一些實例中,虛擬助理可因此回應於在不首先要求特定語音觸發的情況下接收到通知而被觸發且聽取命令。
在其他實例中,可基於不同類型之顯示內容而以其他方式調整語音觸發臨限值。舉例而言,圖4B說明在使用者器件102之觸控螢幕246上具有音樂選項438的音樂介面436。在一個實例中,可基於正顯示音樂介面436或在顯示音樂436時降低語音觸發臨限值。虛擬助理可代表使用者而執行各種操作,包括播放特定音樂。因此,在顯示音樂介面436時,使用者可較可能發出語音觸發且請求播放音樂選項438中之一者或其他音樂。藉由基於音樂介面436之顯示而降低臨限值,觸發虛擬助理可為較可能的,因此縮減當口語觸發為可能時的經遺漏觸發之風險。
各種其他類型之經顯示內容可相似地用以升高或降低語音觸發臨限值。舉例而言,可與共同虛擬助理請求相關聯之經顯示內容可致使語音觸發臨限值降低,而可不與共同虛擬助理請求相關聯之經顯示內 容可致使語音觸發臨限值升高。可(例如)基於電子郵件訊息、文字訊息、音樂清單、應用程式清單、行事曆輸入項、聯絡人、電話應用程式、股票、天氣資訊、社交媒體饋送、餐廳、電影、地圖、地址、任務清單、提醒、記事、設定、某些應用程式或其類似者之顯示而降低語音觸發臨限值。可(例如)基於電子書、播放電影、一些遊戲、某些應用程式或其類似者之顯示而升高語音觸發臨限值。語音觸發臨限值被升高或降低之量亦可基於經顯示內容之類型而變化,諸如針對電話應用程式之顯示相比於針對股票清單之顯示更多地降低臨限值。在一些實例中,升高或降低之量可與共同虛擬助理查詢與特定經顯示內容相關聯之程度相關聯。可因此基於多種經顯示內容而以多種方式調整語音觸發臨限值。
在另一實例中,可基於與各種器件相關聯之各種感測器而調整語音觸發臨限值。舉例而言,可基於偵測到使用者與電子器件之近接(例如,使用使用者器件102之近接感測器214及/或攝影機222)而升高或降低語音觸發臨限值。舉例而言,當未偵測到存在使用者時,可升高臨限值以避免觸發寄生雜訊或聲音。另一方面,當偵測到使用者靠近器件時,可降低臨限值以增加觸發所發出之語音觸發的可能性。在一些實例中,近接感測器可用以偵測使用者之存在或不存在。在其他實例中,攝影機可用以偵測使用者之存在或不存在。在又其他實例中,可執行臉部辨識以辨識攝影機視野中之特定使用者,且可基於與器件相關聯之使用者(例如,器件擁有者、經授權使用者、親屬等等)的存在或不存在而調整語音觸發臨限值。使用者近接可由多種器件在多種位置中判定,包括由車輛中之器件、走廊中之器件、房屋或商業處之房間中的器件、戶外區域中之器件或其類似者判定。
在一個實例中,可分析聲音設定檔以判定使用者存在且相應地調整語音觸發臨限值。舉例而言,可分析在器件處接收之音訊以判定構 成聲音設定檔之聲音的類型。基於聲音設定檔,可判定使用者近接。舉例而言,與人存在相關聯之聲音可指示附近使用者。此等聲音可包括人語音、呼吸、移動(例如,步行)、清潔、烹煮或其類似者。與此對比,其他聲音可與人存在之不存在相關聯,諸如白雜訊、風扇雜訊、來自電子件之雜訊、動物聲音、回音或其類似者。在一個實例中,使用者是否靠近器件可基於含有與個人之不存在相關聯之雜訊相對的與人存在相關聯之聲音的經偵測聲音設定檔予以判定。基於使用者之經判定近接,可降低語音觸發臨限值以更容易地觸發所發出之語音觸發。與此對比,基於使用者之經判定不存在,可升高語音觸發臨限值以避免當使用者可不大可能存在時觸發寄生聲音。
感測器資料可自多個不同器件被收集且單獨地或組合地用以調整語音觸發臨限值。在一個實例中,與安全性系統、遊戲系統、電視系統或其類似者相關聯之攝影機、運動感測器或其類似者可用以偵測使用者之存在或近接。使用者之經偵測不存在可用以升高觸發臨限值以避免錯誤觸發,而使用者之經偵測存在可用以降低觸發臨限值以避免經遺漏觸發。在一個實例中,語音啟用器件可使用一或多個感測器以偵測使用者存在或近接以接著調整其自有語音觸發臨限值。舉例而言,語音啟用行動器件、語音啟用電視控制系統、語音啟用遊戲系統、語音啟用安全性系統或其類似者可包括運動偵測器、近接感測器、攝影機或其他感測器。基於感測器資料,可調整用於各種系統或器件之語音觸發臨限值。舉例而言,當使用者進入靠近器件之房間或區域且由一或多個感測器偵測時,可降低語音觸發臨限值以避免來自目前使用者之經遺漏觸發。當使用者離開該房間或區域且使用者之不存在自感測器資料顯而易見或被推測時,可升高語音觸發臨限值以避免來自寄生雜訊或聲音之錯誤觸發。以此方式,各種類型之器件可使用可用的感測器資訊以基於使用者近接或存在而動態地調整語音觸發 臨限值。
在其他實例中,在附近且進行通信(例如,經由藍芽、Wi-Fi或其他通信頻道)之多個器件可共用感測器資料或觸發臨限值資訊以調整用於各種器件之語音觸發臨限值。圖5說明多器件系統540,其可包括各種器件之間的互動以動態地調整用於該等器件中之一或多者的語音觸發臨限值。在所說明實例中,可存在多種器件及多個使用者,且可基於來自各種器件之感測器資訊而調整用於各種語音啟用器件之語音觸發臨限值。舉例而言,多器件系統540可包括多個語音啟用器件,諸如TV機上盒546、安全性系統控制面板554、使用者器件102及平板電腦564。各種器件可與多種不同感測器及顯示器相關聯。舉例而言,TV機上盒546可連接至可用於臉部辨識、示意動作偵測、存在偵測、照相、攝影或其類似者之顯示器542及攝影機544。安全性系統控制面板554可與可同樣地用於臉部辨識、示意動作偵測、存在偵測或其類似者之攝影機556相關聯。使用者器件102及平板電腦564可包括可同樣地用以偵測使用者存在之多種感測器。
在一個實例中,來自一個器件之感測器資料可用以調整另一器件之語音觸發臨限值。舉例而言,具有攝影機544之TV機上盒546或具有攝影機556之安全性系統控制面板554可偵測使用者550之存在。可接著將使用者550之存在(或未經識別個人之存在)傳達至其他附近器件,諸如使用者器件102及平板電腦564。基於使用者550之經偵測存在,使用者器件102及/或平板電腦564可降低其語音觸發臨限值以在考慮到存在使用者的情況下使觸發為較可能的,因此避免經遺漏觸發。在另一實例中,由具有攝影機556之安全性系統控制面板554偵測的任何使用者之不存在可傳達至TV機上盒546,此可升高其語音觸發臨限值以在考慮到使用者之經偵測不存在的情況下避免錯誤觸發。在又一實例中,使用者558之存在可由使用者器件102或平板電腦564偵 測且傳達至TV機上盒546及安全性系統控制面板554中之一者或兩者,此又可降低其語音觸發臨限值以在考慮到使用者之存在被偵測的情況下避免經遺漏觸發。來自各種器件之感測器資料可因此傳達至各種其他器件且用以調整語音觸發臨限值。
在另一實例中,使用者與多個器件之間的距離可用以判定哪一器件應在偵測到觸發片語後就觸發。舉例而言,在多器件系統540中,多個器件可能夠偵測來自使用者550抑或使用者558之語音觸發。為了避免多個語音啟用器件自同一發出觸發,可判定與各種器件之相對使用者近接且將其用以確保最靠近的器件最可能觸發。在一個實例中,器件可傳達相對距離以判定哪一器件最靠近使用者。TV機上盒546可(例如)使用攝影機544(例如,基於使用者550之影像大小、飛行時間測距、近接感測器值等等)來判定近似距離548。安全性系統控制面板554可使用攝影機556(例如,基於使用者550之影像大小、飛行時間測距、近接感測器值等等)來判定近似距離552。兩個器件可比較經判定距離548及552以在考慮到距離552小於距離548的情況下判定使用者550可更靠近安全性系統控制面板554。基於使用者與安全性系統控制面板554之近接及與TV機上盒546相隔之相對距離,可降低與安全性系統控制面板554相關聯之語音觸發臨限值以使其較可能將回應於經偵測語音觸發片語而觸發。在一些實例中,可升高與TV機上盒546相關聯之語音觸發臨限值以減低其將回應於經偵測語音觸發片語而觸發之可能性。
在其他實例中,可以其他方式近似距離548及552以判定哪一器件應回應於偵測到語音觸發而觸發。舉例而言,在偵測到語音觸發片語後,TV機上盒546及安全性系統控制面板554就可比較自經偵測語音觸發判定之信賴值(例如,在處理序300之區塊308處)。可選擇具有較高信賴值之器件以回應於語音觸發而觸發。在另一實例中,可比較由 兩個器件接收之音訊輸入的音量位準,且可自相對音量位準近似距離548及552以判定兩個器件中之哪一者應對語音觸發作出回應。在一些實例中,此可藉由針對更靠近的器件降低觸發臨限值且針對更遙遠的器件升高觸發臨限值而進行。在圖5之實例中,多種感測器資料中之任一者(例如,來自攝影機、麥克風、近接感測器、運動檢測器等等)可在TV機上盒546與安全性系統控制面板554之間予以使用及比較以近似距離548及552,或以判定使用者550可能更接近於一個器件抑或另一器件。為了致使適當器件對語音觸發作出回應,可針對經判定為最靠近使用者之器件(例如,在距離552處之安全性系統控制面板554)降低語音觸發臨限值,而可針對經判定為更遙遠之器件(例如,在距離548處之TV機上盒546)升高語音觸發臨限值。亦可以多種其他方式中之任一者近似距離548及552,該等方式包括飛行時間測距、回音位置、信號強度判定、近接感測器值、攝影機視野中之使用者大小,及其類似者。
在另一實例中,相對距離可針對行動或手持型器件予以判定,且用以調整彼等器件之語音觸發臨限值。舉例而言,使用者558可靠近使用者器件102及平板電腦564而發出觸發片語,如圖5所說明。為了避免兩個器件回應於語音觸發而觸發,可比較使用者558與該等器件之近接,且可降低最靠近的器件之語音觸發臨限值,而可升高更遙遠的器件之語音觸發臨限值。在所說明實例中,可以多種方式中之任一者判定距離560及562。舉例而言,可基於以下各者而判定近似距離560及562:飛行時間測距、回音位置、信號強度判定、近接感測器值、攝影機視野中之使用者大小、語音輸入之音量位準、溫度、運動,或多種其他感測器資料中之任一者。可在使用者器件102與平板電腦564之間共用近似距離560及562。基於與至平板電腦564之距離562相比較的在距離560處使用者558與使用者器件102之近接,可降低 使用者器件102之語音觸發臨限值,而可升高平板電腦564之語音觸發臨限值。藉由調整器件之臨限值,來自使用者558之語音觸發相比於觸發平板電腦564上較可能觸發使用者器件102,因此避免自同一發出觸發多個器件。
在其他實例中,各種類型之多個器件可傳達感測器資訊以確保靠近使用者之語音啟用器件觸發,而其他附近語音功啟用器件不觸發。舉例而言,在多器件系統540中,各種器件中之任一者可回應於由使用者550或使用者558發出之語音觸發而觸發。因而,可在器件之間判定及共用各種距離,且可判定哪些器件靠近使用者及哪些器件更遠離使用者。在一個實例中,可根據共用距離而調整各種語音啟用器件之語音觸發臨限值(例如,可降低使用者器件102之語音觸發臨限值,可降低安全性系統控制面板554之語音觸發臨限值,可升高平板電腦564之語音觸發臨限值,且可升高TV機上盒546之語音觸發臨限值)。以此方式,經判定為靠近使用者之器件相比於經判定為更遠離使用者之器件可較可能觸發,即使靠近使用者之多個器件可以其他方式自同一發出觸發亦如此。
在又其他實例中,多個器件中之哪一者回應於偵測到觸發片語而觸發可基於以下各者予以判定:比較各種器件當中之信賴位準、比較各種器件處接收之語音的音量位準、比較各種器件當中的各種其他類型之感測器資料,或其類似者。舉例而言,若兩個或兩個以上器件可基於單一發出而觸發,則在觸發之前,該等器件可共用感測器資料以判定該等器件中之哪些應觸發且哪些不應觸發。
在又其他實例中,各種其他感測器及使用者資料可用來判定是否回應於特定發出而觸發。舉例而言,臉部辨識可用以判定使用者之臉部是否導向TV機上盒546而非導向安全性系統控制面板554。基於臉部辨識,可降低TV機上盒546之語音觸發臨限值及/或可升高安全性系 統控制面板554之語音觸發臨限值。在另一實例中,基於臉部辨識,TV機上盒546而非安全性系統控制面板554可回應於可能已由兩個器件偵測(例如,藉由在器件之間在觸發之前傳達觸發偵測)之經偵測語音觸發而觸發。
因此應瞭解,多個器件可傳達感測器資訊、語音觸發偵測、信賴等級及其類似者,且此等器件可協調對經偵測語音觸發之回應及/或可調整語音觸發臨限值以使一些器件優於其他器件。應進一步理解,多器件系統540及所論述實例說明多個器件之間的可能互動,但具有各種其他互動之許多其他器件可同樣地使用本文中所論述之技術以用於調整語音觸發臨限值及/或使在一個器件處之觸發優於在另一器件之觸發。
在另一實例中,可基於經偵測運動(例如,來自使用者器件102之加速計及/或陀螺儀)而調整語音觸發臨限值。在一些實例中,使用者可較可能在移動器件(例如,將器件自包袋中提起、將器件自袋裝中拉出、將器件自工作台拾起,等等)之後發出語音觸發。基於經偵測運動,可降低語音觸發臨限值以更容易地觸發所發出之語音觸發。在其他實例中,使用者可較不可能在器件處於規則或稍微恆定運動時(例如,在使用者正步行時、當使用者正健身時等等)發出語音觸發。基於彼等經偵測運動,可升高語音觸發臨限值以減低觸發之可能性。
在一個實例中,可基於當日時間或經排程行事曆事件而調整語音觸發臨限值。舉例而言,可在使用者可較可能使用語音而與器件互動的非工作時數期間降低語音觸發臨限值。與此對比,可在使用者可較不可能使用語音而與器件互動的工作時數期間升高語音觸發臨限值。在一些實例中,使用者可在某些時數或情形期間針對敏感度設定偏好。在其他實例中,可基於行事曆事件或經辨識情形而調整語音觸發臨限值。舉例而言,可在工作會議、類別、日期或其類似者期間升高 語音觸發臨限值以避免可中斷之錯誤觸發。在另一實例中,可在與朋友外出、通勤、某些休閒活動或其類似者期間降低語音觸發臨限值,此係由於語音互動在彼等情形中可為較可能的。
在另一實例中,可基於經取樣音訊輸入之處理而追溯地調整語音觸發臨限值。舉例而言,可分析經取樣音訊輸入以判定使用者語音及/或使用者意圖。若在經取樣音訊輸入中偵測到可動作的命令,則可追溯地降低語音觸發臨限值,使得可動作的命令可由虛擬助理接收及執行。舉例而言,若使用者發出由可動作的命令緊隨之觸發片語(例如,「嗨,Siri,與父親通話(Hey Siri,call dad)」),則可出於多種原因中之任一者而遺漏語音觸發,但可在經接收音訊中識別可動作的命令,可追溯地降低語音觸發臨限值,且因此可由虛擬助理接收及執行可動作的命令。
在其他實例中,可回應於各種使用者動作而調整語音觸發臨限值。舉例而言,在錯誤觸發之後,使用者可發出片語以指示該觸發為不當的(例如,「並非現在」、「錯誤觸發」、「差錯」、「安靜」、「不要中斷」、「關閉」等等)。可接著升高語音觸發臨限值以避免另外錯誤觸發。在另一實例中,可基於器件之地點或位置而升高語音觸發臨限值。舉例而言,可偵測物件與電子器件之近接,諸如當電子器件在工作台上、在袋裝中、在小錢包中、抵著使用者之臉部、在袖子中、抵著箱子或其類似者而正面向下時。基於物件與器件之近接,可在考慮到語音互動基於器件之定位而可為較不可能或不當的情況下升高語音觸發臨限值。在另一實例中,可基於諸如以下各者之特定經偵測器件運動而升高語音觸發臨限值:使用者將器件在工作台上翻轉至其正面上、使用者以特定方式搖動器件、使用者將器件滑動至袋裝中,或其類似者。
在另一實例中,可回應於經偵測器件設定而調整語音觸發臨限 值。舉例而言,可回應於偵測到與電子器件相關聯之振動、靜音及/或請勿打擾設定(例如,在使用者器件102上用以僅振動、保持靜音及/或避免所有通知(包括視覺)之設定)而升高語音觸發臨限值。在一些實例中,臨限值調整可基於器件設定而不同,諸如基於振動設定而將語音觸發臨限值升高第一量,及基於請勿打擾設定而將語音觸發臨限值升高第二較大量。以此方式,可基於來自選擇特定器件設定之使用者的提示而避免可不良地中斷之錯誤觸發。
在本文中所論述之各種實例中之任一者中,對語音觸發臨限值之調整可為暫時的或永久的。在一些實例中,語音觸發臨限值可在已歷時預定時間(大於0之時間)之後還原至預定位準。舉例而言,臨限值調整可維持達預定非零時間,該時間可針對所有調整予以設定或可針對致使臨限值被調整之不同事件而不同。用以保持調整之預定時間可較長,例如,當使用者主動地指示避免錯誤觸發之重要性(例如,基於請勿打擾設定、使用者發出「並非現在」、重要會議等等)時。用以保持調整之預定時間可較短,例如,當致使調整之事件可能為暫時的(例如,潛在經遺漏觸發、通知、經顯示內容等等)時。臨限值調整可因此保持達變化持續時間之非零時間,此後,臨限值可自動地還原至預定位準。
在其他實例中,語音觸發臨限值可在事件結束之後還原至預定位準。舉例而言,語音觸發臨限值可在以下情況下還原至預定位準:在行事曆會議結束時、在工作日結束時、在休閒活動結束時、在通勤結束時、在設定移除後、在位置改變後、在器件移動後,或其類似者。器件可以多種方式偵測此等事件之結束,諸如基於行事曆設定、器件移動、使用者互動、聲音設定檔或其類似者。
在一些實例中,可基於使用情況來隨時間推移而調整語音觸發臨限值之預定位準。舉例而言,可基於與使用者之互動、經遺漏觸發、 錯誤觸發或其類似者來隨時間推移而調整臨限值之設定或還原點。在一個實例中,基於頻繁錯誤觸發之使用者回饋(例如,使用者使器件靜音、發出「並非現在」、識別具有按鈕之錯誤觸發、不遵循具有請求之提示等等),可隨時間推移而升高語音觸發之預定位準以使觸發為較不可能的,且該位準可繼續基於頻繁錯誤觸發如何進行而升高。與此對比,基於頻繁經遺漏觸發之使用者回饋(例如,重複觸發片語、手動助理啟動、手動指示等等),可隨時間推移而降低語音觸發之預定位準以使觸發為較可能的,且該位準可繼續基於頻繁經遺漏觸發如何進行而降低。在另一實例中,預定位準可針對使用語音觸發頻繁地互動之使用者來隨時間推移而降低,且可針對使用語音觸發不頻繁地互動之使用者來隨時間推移而升高。在其他實例中,使用者可手動地設定用於語音觸發之預定位準(例如,用於語音觸發之敏感度)。
在本文中之各種實例中之任一者中,語音觸發臨限值被升高或降低之量可根據致使調整之感知事件或多種其他因素而變化。舉例而言,調整量可根據保證調整之感知事件(例如,使調整量隨著感知事件之嚴重性、持續時間、影響或其類似者而變化)而被設定為具有最佳影響。在另一實例中,調整量可基於在最小化經遺漏及錯誤觸發方面之有效性而憑經驗設定。在又其他實例中,調整量可由使用者偏好設定。
應理解,可回應於本文中所論述之感知事件中之任一者而升高或降低語音觸發臨限值。應進一步理解,可基於多個感知事件而調整語音觸發臨限值(例如,基於並行事件而降低總計之量、基於偏移事件而調整,等等)。以此方式,可動態地調整語音觸發臨限值以(例如)縮減經遺漏及錯誤觸發且提供令人愉快且高效的使用者體驗。
另外,在本文中所論述之各種實例中之任一者中,各種態樣可針對特定使用者而個人化。本文中所論述之各種處理序可根據使用者偏 好、聯絡人、文字、使用歷史、設定檔資料、人口統計或其類似者而修改。另外,可基於使用者互動(例如,頻繁發出之命令、頻繁選擇之應用程式等等)來隨時間推移而更新此等偏好及設定。可得自各種源之使用者資料之搜集及使用可用以改良可為使用者所關注之邀請內容或任何其他內容至使用者的遞送。本發明預期到,在一些情況下,此經搜集資料可包括唯一地識別或可用以聯絡或定位特定個人之個人資訊資料。此個人資訊資料可包括人口統計資料、基於位置之資料、電話號碼、電子郵件地址、家庭地址或任何其他識別資訊。
本發明辨識到,在本技術中,此個人資訊資料之使用可用以使使用者受益。舉例而言,個人資訊資料可用以遞送為使用者更大關注之目標內容。因此,此個人資訊資料之使用使能夠對經遞送內容進行計算控制。另外,本發明亦預期使使用者受益的針對個人資訊資料之其他使用。
本發明進一步預期到,負責此個人資訊資料之收集、分析、揭示、傳送、儲存或其他使用的實體將遵照良好建立之隱私權原則及/或隱私權慣例。詳言之,此等實體應實施且一致地使用被普遍認為滿足或超過用於使個人資訊資料維持為私用及安全之行業或政府要求的隱私權原則及慣例。舉例而言,來自使用者之個人資訊應被收集用於實體之合法且合理的使用,且不應在彼等合法使用之外進行共用或出售。另外,此收集應僅在接收到使用者之知情同意書之後發生。另外,此等實體將採取任何所需步驟以用於防護及保全對此個人資訊資料之存取,且確保能夠存取該個人資訊資料之其他人遵守其隱私權原則及程序。另外,此等實體可使其自身服從由第三方作出之評估以認證其對廣泛接受之隱私權原則及慣例的遵守。
不管前述內容如何,本發明亦預期使用者選擇性地阻擋對個人資訊資料之使用或存取的實例。亦即,本發明預期到,可提供硬體及/ 或軟體元件以防止或阻擋對此個人資訊資料之存取。舉例而言,在廣告遞送服務的狀況下,本技術可經組態以允許使用者在註冊服務期間選擇參與收集個人資訊資料之「加入宣告(opt in)」或「退出宣告(opt out)」。在另一實例中,使用者可選擇不提供用於目標內容遞送服務之位置資訊。在又一實例中,使用者可選擇不提供精確位置資訊,但准許位置地區資訊之傳送。
因此,儘管本發明廣泛地涵蓋使用個人資訊資料以實施一或多個各種所揭示實例,但本發明亦預期到,亦可在無需存取此個人資訊資料的情況下實施各種實例。亦即,本技術之各種實例並不會歸因於缺乏此個人資訊資料之全部或部分而被致使為不可操作。舉例而言,可藉由基於非個人資訊資料或絕對最小量之個人資訊(諸如由與使用者相關聯之器件請求的內容、可用於內容遞送服務之其他非個人資訊,或公開可用資訊)來推斷偏好而選擇內容且將其遞送至使用者。
根據一些實例,圖6展示根據各種所描述實例之原理而組態的電子器件600之功能方塊圖。該器件之功能區塊可由硬體、軟體或硬體與軟體之組合實施以進行各種所描述實例之原理。熟習此項技術者應理解,圖6所描述之功能區塊可被組合或分離成子區塊以實施各種所描述實例之原理。因此,本文中之描述視情況支援本文中所描述之功能區塊的任何可能組合或分離或另外界定。
如圖6所展示,電子器件600可包括經組態以接收資訊之輸入介面單元602(例如,用以記錄音訊之麥克風)。電子器件600可進一步包括經組態以輸出資訊之輸出介面單元604(例如,用以顯示內容之顯示器)。電子器件600可進一步包括耦接至輸入介面單元602及輸出介面單元604之處理單元606。在一些實例中,處理單元606可包括音訊接收單元608、音訊取樣單元610、信賴等級判定單元612、虛擬助理觸發單元614及臨限值調整單元616。
處理單元606可經組態以動態地調整語音觸發臨限值。處理單元606可經組態以經由麥克風(例如,使用音訊接收單元608經由輸入介面單元602)而接收音訊輸入。處理單元606可經進一步組態以取樣經接收音訊輸入(例如,使用音訊取樣單元610)。處理單元606可經進一步組態以判定(例如,使用信賴等級判定單元612)經取樣音訊輸入包含口語觸發之部分的信賴等級。處理單元606可經進一步組態以回應於信賴等級超過臨限值而觸發虛擬助理(例如,使用虛擬助理觸發單元614)以自音訊輸入接收使用者命令。處理單元可經進一步組態以回應於感知事件而動態地調整臨限值(例如,使用臨限值調整單元616)。
在一些實例中,觸發虛擬助理包含起始與使用者之虛擬助理工作階段。在其他實例中,處理單元606可經進一步組態以基於經接收使用者命令而判定使用者意圖且執行與經判定使用者意圖相關聯之命令。在一些實例中,處理單元606可經進一步組態以回應於感知事件而降低臨限值。在一個實例中,感知事件包含自音訊輸入之先前取樣判定先前經取樣音訊輸入包含口語觸發之部分的信賴等級;其中用於先前經取樣音訊輸入之信賴等級在臨限值之預定範圍內而不超過臨限值。在另一實例中,感知事件包含偵測顯示器上展示之內容。在又一實例中,感知事件包含偵測與虛擬助理相關聯之內容的顯示。在其他實例中,感知事件包含偵測到虛擬助理為作用中。
在一些實例中,感知事件包含偵測使用者近接。在一個實例中,基於與電子器件相關聯之攝影機或近接感測器中之一者或兩者而偵測使用者近接。在另一實例中,基於與除了電子器件以外之器件相關聯的攝影機或近接感測器中之一或多者而偵測使用者近接。在另一實例中,基於運動偵測器而偵測使用者近接。在另一實例中,基於包含與人存在相關聯之聲音的聲音設定檔而偵測使用者近接。在另一實例 中,在電子器件及至少一個其他器件處偵測使用者近接,且在電子器件處基於相比於至少一個其他器件更接近於電子器件之使用者近接而降低臨限值。在又一實例中,在車輛中偵測使用者近接。在其他實例中,感知事件包含經偵測運動。在又其他實例中,感知事件包含接收通知。在一個實例中,感知事件包含當日時間或經排程行事曆事件。在另一實例中,感知事件包含在經取樣音訊輸入中偵測可動作的使用者命令。
在一些實例中,處理單元606可經進一步組態以回應於感知事件而升高臨限值。在一個實例中,感知事件包含偵測用以解除虛擬助理之使用者命令。在另一實例中,感知事件包含偵測物件與電子器件之近接。在另一實例中,感知事件包含經排程會議。在另一實例中,感知事件包含偵測使用者之不存在。在又一實例中,感知事件包含偵測與電子器件相關聯之請勿打擾設定。
在一些實例中,臨限值在已歷時預定時間之後還原至預定位準。在一個實例中,基於使用情況來隨時間推移而調整預定位準。在另一實例中,處理單元606可經進一步組態以回應於接收到通知而觸發虛擬助理以自音訊輸入接收使用者命令。在又一實例中,在不偵測口語觸發之接收的情況下觸發虛擬助理。
儘管已參看隨附圖式而充分地描述實例,但應注意,各種改變及修改對於熟習此項技術者而言將變得顯而易見(例如,根據關於本文中所論述之任何其他系統或處理序所描述之概念而修改本文中所論述之系統或處理序中之任一者)。此等改變及修改應被理解為包括於如由所附申請專利範圍界定的各種實例之範疇內。
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Claims (20)

  1. 一種用於動態地調整一語音觸發臨限值之方法,該方法包含:在具有一處理器及記憶體之一電子器件處:經由一麥克風而接收音訊輸入;取樣該經接收音訊輸入;判定該經取樣音訊輸入包含一口語觸發之一部分的一信賴等級;及回應於該信賴等級超過一臨限值,觸發一虛擬助理以自該音訊輸入接收一使用者命令;其中回應於一感知事件而動態地調整該臨限值。
  2. 如請求項1之方法,其中觸發該虛擬助理包含起始與一使用者之一虛擬助理工作階段。
  3. 如請求項1之方法,其進一步包含:基於該經接收使用者命令而判定一使用者意圖;及執行與該經判定使用者意圖相關聯之一命令。
  4. 如請求項3之方法,其中該感知事件包含自該音訊輸入之一先前取樣判定該先前經取樣音訊輸入包含該口語觸發之一部分的一信賴等級;其中用於該先前經取樣音訊輸入之該信賴等級在該臨限值之一預定範圍內而不超過該臨限值。
  5. 如請求項1之方法,其中該感知事件包含偵測與該虛擬助理相關聯之內容的顯示。
  6. 如請求項1之方法,其中該感知事件包含偵測到該虛擬助理為作用中。
  7. 如請求項1之方法,其中該感知事件包含偵測一使用者近接。
  8. 如請求項7之方法,其中基於包含與人存在相關聯之聲音的一聲 音設定檔而偵測該使用者近接。
  9. 如請求項1之方法,其中該感知事件包含經偵測運動。
  10. 如請求項1之方法,其中該感知事件包含接收一通知。
  11. 如請求項1之方法,其中該感知事件包含一當日時間或一經排程行事曆事件。
  12. 如請求項1之方法,其中該感知事件包含在該經取樣音訊輸入中偵測一可動作的使用者命令。
  13. 如請求項1之方法,其中該感知事件包含偵測用以解除該虛擬助理之一使用者命令。
  14. 如請求項1之方法,其中該感知事件包含偵測一物件與該電子器件之近接。
  15. 如請求項1之方法,其中該感知事件包含偵測一使用者之不存在。
  16. 如請求項1之方法,其中該臨限值在已歷時一預定時間之後還原至一預定位準。
  17. 如請求項1之方法,其進一步包含:回應於接收到一通知,觸發該虛擬助理以自該音訊輸入接收一使用者命令。
  18. 如請求項17之方法,其中在不偵測該口語觸發之接收的情況下觸發該虛擬助理。
  19. 一種用於動態地調整一語音觸發臨限值之電腦可讀儲存媒體,該電腦可讀儲存媒體包含用於進行以下操作之電腦可執行指令:經由一麥克風而接收音訊輸入;取樣該經接收音訊輸入;判定該經取樣音訊輸入包含一口語觸發之一部分的一信賴等 級;及回應於該信賴等級超過一臨限值,觸發一虛擬助理以自該音訊輸入接收一使用者命令;其中回應於一感知事件而動態地調整該臨限值。
  20. 一種用於動態地調整一語音觸發臨限值之系統,該系統包含:一或多個處理器;記憶體;及一或多個程式,其中該一或多個程式儲存於該記憶體中且經組態以由該一或多個處理器執行,該一或多個程式包括用於進行以下操作之指令:經由一麥克風而接收音訊輸入;取樣該經接收音訊輸入;判定該經取樣音訊輸入包含一口語觸發之一部分的一信賴等級;及回應於該信賴等級超過一臨限值,觸發一虛擬助理以自該音訊輸入接收一使用者命令;其中回應於一感知事件而動態地調整該臨限值。
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