TWI397109B - 形成由半導體基板支撐之結構的方法 - Google Patents

形成由半導體基板支撐之結構的方法 Download PDF

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TWI397109B
TWI397109B TW098115035A TW98115035A TWI397109B TW I397109 B TWI397109 B TW I397109B TW 098115035 A TW098115035 A TW 098115035A TW 98115035 A TW98115035 A TW 98115035A TW I397109 B TWI397109 B TW I397109B
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Anton Devilliers
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Micron Technology Inc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/26Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/40Treatment after imagewise removal, e.g. baking
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/027Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
    • H01L21/033Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers
    • H01L21/0334Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers characterised by their size, orientation, disposition, behaviour, shape, in horizontal or vertical plane
    • H01L21/0337Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers characterised by their size, orientation, disposition, behaviour, shape, in horizontal or vertical plane characterised by the process involved to create the mask, e.g. lift-off masks, sidewalls, or to modify the mask, e.g. pre-treatment, post-treatment

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Description

形成由半導體基板支撐之結構的方法
本發明係關於形成由半導體基板支撐之結構的方法。
積體電路製造可涉及在半導體基板上方形成經光微影圖案化遮罩,繼之以藉由一或多個蝕刻而將圖案自遮罩轉印至一或多種材料中。
經光微影圖案化遮罩可包含任何合適輻射可成像材料,諸如,聚醯亞胺或光阻。圖案係藉由以下操作而形成於輻射可成像材料中:使材料經受經圖案化光化輻射(例如,紫外光),使得輻射可成像材料之一些部分暴露至輻射,而其他部分未暴露至輻射。經暴露部分或未經暴露部分中之任一者可藉由適當顯影溶液相對於經暴露部分及未經暴露部分中之另一者而經選擇性地移除,藉此在輻射可成像材料中產生圖案。
積體電路製造之持續目標係產生較小結構。可在試圖藉由傳統光微影處理來產生較小結構時遇到許多困難,其在於:可藉由光微影製程而達成之最小尺寸係由該製程中所利用之光化輻射之波長強加。現代製程正逼近由光化輻射之物理性質所強加之可按比例調整能力極限。
將需要開發形成用於積體電路製造之圖案的新方法,其可延伸可按比例調整能力極限。
參看圖1至圖10來描述實例實施例。
參看圖1,此圖說明半導體構造10之一部分。該構造包括基底或基板12,其可(例如)包含藉由本底p型摻雜劑而輕度摻雜之單晶矽、基本上由藉由本底p型摻雜劑而輕度摻雜之單晶矽組成或由藉由本底p型摻雜劑而輕度摻雜之單晶矽組成。術語「半導電基板」及「半導體基板」意謂包含半導電材料之任何構造,包括(但不限於)諸如半導電晶圓之塊體半導電材料(其上單獨地或組合地包含其他材料)及半導電材料層(單獨地或組合地包含其他層)。術語「基板」指代包括(但於限於)上文所描述之半導電基板的任何支撐結構。
複數種材料14、16及18係在基底12上方。該等材料可包含可在形成積體電路時利用之任何組合物。因此,材料中之一或多者可包含電絕緣組合物(例如,二氧化矽、氮化矽、硼磷矽玻璃,等等);材料中之一或多者可包含導電組合物(例如,金屬、金屬氮化物、金屬矽化物、經導電摻雜矽,等等);及/或材料中之一或多者可包含半導體組合物(例如,矽、鍺,等等)。材料14、16及18可包含任何合適厚度。
經光微影圖案化輻射可成像材料20係在材料18上方。材料20可(例如)包含光阻、基本上由光阻組成或由光阻組成。材料20經圖案化為複數個分離特徵22、24、26、28及30;且此等特徵係藉由間隙21、23、25及27而彼此間隔開。雖然顯示五個分離特徵,但可利用任何合適數目之特徵。通常,將存在至少兩個分離特徵,且因此,通常將存在至少一間隙。
在所顯示之橫截面視圖中,特徵中之每一者具有一對相對側壁17(僅針對特徵22而進行標記)及一頂部19(僅針對特徵22而進行標記)。
參看圖2,在特徵22、24、26、28及30上且在特徵之間的間隙21、23、25及27內(或換言之,跨越特徵之間的間隙21、23、25及27)形成材料40。材料40可被稱為第二材料以使其與輻射可成像材料20區分。
材料40可類似於作為所謂的「AZ R」材料而購自Clariant International,Ltd.之材料種類,諸如,稱為AZ R200TM 、AZ R500TM 及AZ R600TM 之材料。
「AZ R」材料含有在暴露至自化學放大型抗蝕劑所釋放之酸後即交聯的有機組合物。具體而言,可跨越光阻而塗佈「AZ R」材料,且隨後可在自約100℃至約120℃之溫度下烘烤抗蝕劑以使酸自抗蝕劑擴散且進入材料中以在材料之鄰近於抗蝕劑之區域內形成化學交聯。材料之相鄰於抗蝕劑之部分因此相對於材料之未充分鄰近於抗蝕劑之其他部分而經選擇性地硬化。材料可接著暴露至可相對於經硬化部分而選擇性地移除未經硬化部分之條件。此移除可利用(例如)含於離子化水中之10%異丙醇或Clariant International,Ltd.之以「SOLUTION CTM 」銷售的溶液來實現。利用「AZ R」材料之製程有時被認為係RELACS(由化學微縮輔助之解析度增強微影(Resolution Enhancement Lithography Assisted by Chemical Shrink))製程之實例。
「AZ R」材料之問題可為:其組成與光阻夠相近,使得難以相對於經硬化「AZ R」材料而選擇性地移除光阻。
材料40可與「AZ R」材料類似之處在於:材料40可包含類似或等同於有機組合物,該有機組合物在暴露至在輻射可成像材料經烘烤時自該材料所釋放之一或多種物質(例如,酸)後即經變更(例如,形成交聯)。然而,不同於「AZ R」材料,材料40亦可含有分散於有機組合物中之一或多種組份,該一或多種組份經提供以相對於輻射可成像材料(例如,光阻)而化學地改變材料40,使得輻射可成像材料可相對於材料40而經選擇性地移除。分散於材料40之有機組合物中之組份可包括鈦、碳、氟、溴、矽及鍺中之一或多者。分散於有機組合物中之碳可為碳化物化合物之一部分,使得其化學地不同於有機組合物之塊體碳。氟及溴可(例如)由氫氟酸及氫溴酸包含。在一些實施例中,分散於材料40之有機組合物中之組份包括一或多種無機組份,諸如,矽、鍺、金屬(例如,鈦、鎢、鉑,等等),及/或含金屬化合物(例如,金屬氮化物、金屬矽化物,等等)。
材料40之類似於「AZ R」材料之組份可被稱為「AZ R」型組合物。因此,在一些實施例中,可認為材料40具有分散於有機「AZ R」型組合物中之一或多種無機組份。
材料40可藉由包括(例如)旋轉塗佈之任何合適方法而形成於特徵22、24、26、28及30上且形成於其之間。
參看圖3,使構造10接受導致至少一物質自特徵22、24、26、28及30之材料20擴散至材料40之鄰近於此等特徵之區域中的條件。該等物質變更材料40以鄰近於特徵22、24、26、28及30而形成經變更區域42,且留下未經變更區域44作為材料40之較不鄰近於特徵之片段。經變更區域在圖3中係藉由交叉影線表示以強調不同區域42及44。經變更區域可一起視為界定材料40之經變更部分,且未經變更區域可一起視為界定材料40之未經變更部分。
在一些實施例中,材料20包含化學放大型光阻,且自此光阻所擴散之物質為酸。藉由在至少約100℃之溫度下烘烤構造10而引起光阻釋放酸。酸在材料40之「AZ R」型組合物內形成交聯。交聯量及交聯自光阻特徵伸展之距離可藉由修改烘烤時間及烘烤溫度中之一者或兩者來調整。
材料40之未經變更區域44相對於經變更區域42係可選擇性地移除,且圖4顯示在已移除未經變更區域之後的構造10。此移除可利用異丙醇及/或SOLUTION CTM 來實現。如上文所論述,材料40可包含分散於「AZ R」型組合物中之各種額外組份(例如,金屬、二氧化矽,等等)。在一些實施例中,額外組份可隨著移除材料40之未經變更區域而簡單地清洗掉。在其他實施例中,此等額外組份可藉由對於額外組份為特定之溶劑來移除。舉例而言,若將二氧化矽用作材料40之組份,則可在材料40之未經變更區域之移除期間利用氫氟酸以確保除了未經變更區域之「AZ R」型組合物以外亦移除未經變更區域之二氧化矽。
材料40之經變更區域42形成在特徵22、24、26、28及30之頂部19及側壁17上方延伸的頂蓋。在一些實施例中,具有與之相關聯之頂蓋之特徵可用於圖案化下伏材料14、16及18中之一或多者。在其他實施例中,可能需要選擇性地移除輻射可成像材料20以留下僅包含材料40之經變更區域42的結構。參看圖5及圖6來描述用於選擇性地移除輻射可成像材料之方法。
參看圖5,自特徵22、24、26、28及30之頂部19上方移除材料40,同時沿著此等特徵之側壁17而留下材料40。材料40自特徵之頂部上方之移除可利用包括(例如)定向物理蝕刻及/或化學機械拋光(CMP)之任何合適處理來實現。
參看圖6,移除輻射可成像材料20(圖5)以在材料18上方留下材料40之經變更區域42的結構50、52、54、56、58、60、62、64、66及68。此等結構相對於輻射可成像材料20之特徵22、24、26、28及30(圖1)之原始間距為雙重間距。
材料20(圖5)可歸因於包含除了「AZ R」型組合物以外之一或多種組份的此等經變更區域而相對於材料40之經變更區域42經選擇性地移除。舉例而言,若額外組份為耐氧化的,則可利用灰化或另一氧化製程來移除光阻。此製程可歸因於「AZ R」型組合物中之一些的移除而弱化材料40之區域42。然而,額外組份可形成在自材料40之區域42移除「AZ R」型組合物中之至少一些之後保持的基質。
材料40之區域42的結構可用作遮罩。舉例而言,結構可在材料18之摻雜期間用以保護材料之一區域,而另一區域經摻雜;及/或結構可在蝕刻至下伏材料14、16及18中之一或多者中的一或多個期間用以界定待在此等下伏材料中形成之圖案。
圖7顯示在結構50、52、54、56、58、60、62、64、66及68在穿過下伏材料14、16及18之蝕刻期間已用作遮罩之後的構造10。
圖2至圖5之處理利用材料40之薄保形塗佈(其中材料40為可為「AZ R」型組合物之材料)。在其他實施例中,材料40之厚層可經形成以填充間隙21、23、25及27且覆蓋特徵22、24、26、28及30。此等其他實施例之實例顯示於圖11中,其中顯示在圖1之處理階段之後的處理階段時的構造10。圖11之結構係在類似於圖3之處理階段的處理階段時,且因此,材料40係在經變更區域42與未經變更區域44之中進行再分。在後續處理中,未經變更區域44及經變更區域42之上部部分可經移除以形成圖12之構造。圖12之構造等同於圖5之構造。未經變更區域44及經變更區域42之上部部分的移除可包含類似於圖4及圖5之步驟的兩個分離步驟,或可在單一步驟中進行。
圖6及圖7之結構50、52、54、56、58、60、62、64、66及68在所顯示之橫截面視圖中係呈基座之形式。此等基座可為相對於所顯示之橫截面視圖而延伸至頁面中且延伸出頁面之壁(或線)的一部分。無論如何,基座為非管狀的。在其他實施例中,類似於圖1至圖6之方法的方法可用以形成管狀結構。圖8至圖10說明可用於形成管狀結構之實施例的實例。類似編號將如同以上用以描述圖1至圖6一般用以描述圖8至圖10。
參看圖8,此圖顯示在類似於圖1之處理階段之處理階段時之構造10的三維視圖。然而,不同於圖1,輻射可成像材料20經顯示成圖案化為圓柱。
緊接著參看圖9,顯示在圖8之處理階段之後且類似於圖5之處理階段之處理階段時的構造10。材料40已圍繞輻射可成像材料20而形成且經受形成經變更區域42之處理。隨後,材料40已自輻射可成像材料20上方經移除以留下經變更區域42作為圍繞圓柱狀輻射可成像材料20而延伸之管路。
緊接著參看圖10,移除材料20以留下材料40之經變更區域42的結構70,其中結構70為在材料18上方之管路(換言之,中空圓柱)。在後續處理(未圖示)中,管路可用以界定用於至下伏材料中之摻雜及/或蝕刻的遮罩圖案。所顯示之管路可表示同時形成於半導體基底上方之複數個管路。
圖1至圖10之處理可用於許多積體電路製造應用中之任一者中。舉例而言,該處理可用以形成快閃記憶體或動態隨機存取記憶體(DRAM)。該處理可用於在小於35奈米(nm)之範圍內成像;諸如,自約10nm至小於35nm之範圍內成像。
10...半導體構造
12...基底/基板
14...材料
16...材料
17...側壁
18...材料
19...頂部
20...輻射可成像材料
21...間隙
22...特徵
23...間隙
24...特徵
25...間隙
26...特徵
27...間隙
28...特徵
30...特徵
40...材料
42...經變更區域
44...未經變更區域
50...結構
52...結構
54...結構
56...結構
58...結構
60...結構
62...結構
64...結構
66...結構
68...結構
70...結構
圖1至圖7為在一實施例之各種製程階段時所顯示之半導體晶圓構造之一部分的圖解橫截面視圖。
圖8至圖10為在一實施例之各種製程階段時所顯示之半導體晶圓構造之一部分的三維視圖。
圖11及圖12為圖1至圖7中在一實施例之各種製程階段時所顯示之部分的視圖。圖11之處理階段跟隨圖1之處理階段,且圖12之處理階段跟隨圖11之處理階段。
10...半導體構造
12...基底/基板
14...材料
16...材料
18...材料
40...材料
42...經變更區域
50...結構
52...結構
54...結構
56...結構
58...結構
60...結構
62...結構
64...結構
66...結構
68...結構

Claims (13)

  1. 一種形成結構之方法,其包含:在一半導體基板上形成一輻射可成像材料;將該輻射可成像材料光微影圖案化為至少兩個分離特徵;該等分離特徵之間具有一或多個間隙;在該至少兩個分離特徵上且跨越該至少兩個分離特徵之間的該一或多個間隙形成一第二材料;烘烤在其上具有該第二材料之該等特徵以釋放變更該第二材料之至少一物質;該未經變更第二材料相對於該經變更第二材料係可選擇性地移除,且該等特徵相對於該經變更材料係可選擇性地移除;該烘烤將該至少一物質自該等特徵轉移至該第二材料之鄰近於該等特徵之區域中以變更該等區域,同時留下該第二材料之其他區域未經變更;相對於該第二材料之該等經變更區域而選擇性地移除該第二材料之該等未經變更區域;及相對於該第二材料之該等經變更區域而選擇性地移除該等特徵以留下該第二材料之該等經變更區域的至少一結構,其中該第二材料包含分散於一有機組合物中之一或多種無機組份,該有機組合物在暴露至酸後即為可交聯的,其中自該等特徵所釋放之該至少一物質包括酸,且其中該等區域之該變更包含在暴露至自該等特徵所釋放之該酸後即在該有機組合物內形成交聯。
  2. 如請求項1之方法,其中該一或多種無機組份包括矽。
  3. 如請求項1之方法,其中該一或多種無機組份至少包括金屬。
  4. 如請求項1之方法,其中:該第二材料包含一混合物,該混合物包括分散於一有機組合物中之一或多種組份,該有機組合物在暴露至酸後即為可交聯;自該等特徵所釋放之該至少一物質包括酸;該等區域之該變更包含在暴露至自該等特徵所釋放之該酸後即在該有機組合物內形成交聯;且該一或多種組份包括鈦、碳、氟、溴、矽及鍺中之一或多者。
  5. 如請求項1之方法,其中該半導體基板包含一基底半導體材料及在該基底半導體材料上之一或多種材料;且進一步包含在蝕刻至該一或多種材料中之至少一者期間利用該第二材料之該等經變更區域的該至少一結構作為一遮罩。
  6. 一種形成由一半導體基板支撐之結構的方法,其包含:在一半導體基板上形成至少兩個分離光阻特徵;在該至少兩個光阻特徵上且跨越該至少兩個光阻特徵之間的一或多個間隙形成一材料;該等光阻特徵經組態以釋放變更該材料之至少一物質;該未經變更材料相對於該經變更材料係可選擇性地移除,且該等光阻特徵相對於該經變更材料係可選擇性地移除; 自該等光阻特徵釋放該至少一物質且進入該材料之鄰近於該等光阻特徵之區域中以變更該等區域;該等區域藉此變為該材料之經變更之一部分,而該材料之另一部分保持未經變更;相對於該材料之該經變更部分而選擇性地移除該材料之該未經變更部分;及相對於該材料之該經變更部分而選擇性地移除該等光阻特徵以在該半導體基板上方留下該材料之該經變更部分的至少一結構,其中該材料包含分散於一有機組合物中之一或多種無機組份,該有機組合物在暴露至酸後即為可交聯,其中自該等光阻特徵所釋放之該至少一物質包括酸,且其中該等區域之該變更包含在暴露至自該等光阻特徵所釋放之該酸後即在該有機組合物內形成交聯。
  7. 如請求項6之方法,其中該一或多種無機組份包括矽。
  8. 如請求項6之方法,其中該一或多種無機組份至少包括金屬。
  9. 如請求項6之方法,其中:該材料包含一混合物,該混合物包括分散於一有機組合物中之一或多種組份,該有機組合物在暴露至酸後即為可交聯;自該等光阻特徵所釋放之該至少一物質包括酸;該等區域之該變更包含在暴露至自該等光阻特徵所釋放之該酸後即在該有機組合物內形成交聯;且 該一或多種組份包括鈦、碳、氟、溴、矽及鍺中之一或多者。
  10. 如請求項6之方法,其中該半導體基板包含一基底半導體材料及在該基底半導體材料上之一或多種材料;且進一步包含在蝕刻至該一或多種材料中之至少一者期間利用該材料之該經變更部分的該至少一結構作為一遮罩。
  11. 如請求項6之方法,其中該材料之該經變更部分的該至少一結構包含一管路。
  12. 如請求項6之方法,其中該材料之該經變更部分的該至少一結構包含複數個非管狀基座。
  13. 如請求項6之方法,其中該材料之該經變更部分延伸至該等光阻特徵上;且進一步包含:在該相對於該材料之該經變更部分而選擇性地移除該光阻特徵之前,自該等光阻特徵上方移除該材料之該經變更部分,同時沿著該等光阻特徵之側壁而留下該材料之該經變更部分。
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