TWI332660B - Liquid removal in a method and device for irradiating spots on a layer - Google Patents

Liquid removal in a method and device for irradiating spots on a layer Download PDF

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TWI332660B
TWI332660B TW092134869A TW92134869A TWI332660B TW I332660 B TWI332660 B TW I332660B TW 092134869 A TW092134869 A TW 092134869A TW 92134869 A TW92134869 A TW 92134869A TW I332660 B TWI332660 B TW I332660B
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layer
space
liquid
gas
spot
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TW200423118A (en
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Santen Helmar Van
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Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G11INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11BINFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B7/00Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B7/24Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
    • G11B7/26Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of record carriers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G11INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11BINFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B7/00Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B7/12Heads, e.g. forming of the optical beam spot or modulation of the optical beam
    • G11B7/135Means for guiding the beam from the source to the record carrier or from the record carrier to the detector
    • G11B7/1372Lenses
    • G11B7/1374Objective lenses
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00Radiation therapy
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/20Exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/70Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/70216Mask projection systems
    • G03F7/70341Details of immersion lithography aspects, e.g. exposure media or control of immersion liquid supply
    • GPHYSICS
    • G11INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11BINFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B7/00Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B7/12Heads, e.g. forming of the optical beam spot or modulation of the optical beam
    • G11B7/122Flying-type heads, e.g. analogous to Winchester type in magnetic recording
    • GPHYSICS
    • G11INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11BINFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B7/00Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B7/24Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
    • G11B7/26Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of record carriers
    • G11B7/261Preparing a master, e.g. exposing photoresist, electroforming

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)
  • Exposure Of Semiconductors, Excluding Electron Or Ion Beam Exposure (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Optical Record Carriers (AREA)
  • Cleaning Or Drying Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Weting (AREA)

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1332660 玖、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於,依據如申請專利範圍第丨項之序言部分照 射一層的方法,及依據如申請專利範圍第7項之序言部分照 射一層之裝置。 【先前技術】 在動態系統中液態浸沒的若干具體實施例中,液態浸沒 係藉由持續供應液態來保持。透過處於足夠高壓力下浸沒 透鏡上游的第一供應管(如,一孔)持續供應液態,在透鏡與 物件之間保持一液態膜,以避免其中包含氣體。運動表面 將液態拉向成像區域,以此確保成像區域浸沒。即使利用 仔細設計的浸沒系統,可保持液態流較低,也仍需持續供 應液態。為實現連續穩定的操作,去除液態較為明智。 WO-A-02/13194中提出了最初識別類型的方法與系統, 用於去除液態,其與光碟的液態浸沒控制相關。依據此出 版物,首先製造一主模,然後,利用主模或利用藉由主模 製造的子模,透過一複製過程,製造一可光學掃描的資訊 載體。為製造主模,利用光學透鏡系統,導向並聚焦於基 板所承載的光敏層上之掃描點的調變輻射光束,與基板及 透鏡系統彼此相對運動。光敏層與透鏡系統面向光敏層的 最近表面之間的空間保持充滿液態。 為使基板相對於透鏡系統運動,一承載基板的工作臺圍 繞旋轉軸旋轉。利用位移裝置,由一徑向組件可使透鏡系 統相對於工作臺的旋轉軸位移。一液態供應構件向光敏層 1332660 與透鏡系統的最近光學表面之間的空間内提供液態。 JP-A-102553 19中揭示另一種將輻射光束導向光敏層上 一光點的方法與裝置’其中透鏡與該層之間的空間保持充 滿液態。 也知在光學成像方法與設備中,需保持透鏡與欲照射表 面之間的間隙充滿液態,如投影式光學微影,其中投影於 表面上的輻射所形成的光點為影像或影像的一部分。國際 專利申5月案第WO 99/49504中說明了此類方法與設備。 如光學微影中的晶圓步進機及光碟製造中的控制機器之 動態系統中,其液態浸沒皆可由持續供應液態來保持。最 好透過處於足夠高壓力下浸沒透鏡上游的一孔持續供應液 態,在透鏡與物件之間保持一液態膜,以避免其中包含氣 體。運動表面把液態帶向成像區域,確保成像區域(光點) 與其最近的光學元件之間的空間保持浸沒。即使利用仔細 設計的浸沒系統,可使液態流保持較低,仍需持續供應液 態。為實現連續穩定的操作’去除液態較為明智。但關鍵 問題在於破壞液態與基板表面之間的附著力,且不損壞基 板的表面基板層通常很脆弱,例如為軟性光阻層。 晶圓步進機及光碟控制設備之類的成像系統,通常對機 械干擾很敏感。液態膜所產生的各種應力容易引起不必要 的振動,影響投影至表面上影像的精確度。 【發明内容】 本發明的一項目的係在用於照射一表面的成像系統中, 例如晶圓步進機與光碟控制設備,從基板可#地去除液態 1 1 〇:'S9\89592.D〇C f ^ ' -8 - 1332660 與位置最靠近層5的透鏡系統9之光學元件之一 59之間保 持-空間53。光學元件也可包括透鏡之外的其他項:如 濾波器、遮蔽罩、繞射光柵或鏡。 層5與透鏡系統9彼此相對位移,使光敏層5上的調變輻 光束7成功地照射層5上的一系列光點。隨後,利用顯影液, 顯影所照射綠層5, ^解照射部 >,留了基板3上該層 的未照射部分《也可提供為留下照射部分,而分解未照射 部分。在兩種情形中,光敏層5中皆形成一系列凹坑或凸 起,其對應於資訊載體上所需的系列凹坑形資訊元素。隨 後,利用噴濺處理,以一相當薄(例如鎳)層覆蓋光敏層 之後,在電沈積處理中,以一相當厚鎳層覆蓋此薄層❹在 最終從基板3移除的鎳層中,光敏層5中形成的凹坑圖案留 下一對應圖案,其為欲製造的資訊載體中將形成圖案的負 圖案,即主模包括一系列突出部分,其對應於光敏層5中形 成的系列凹坑形元素,及資訊載體上所需的系列凹坑形資 訊元素。因此,使主模適於用作注入成型機中的模型,用 於主入成型所需的資訊載體。然而,一般以主模的複製品 而非主模用作注入成型的模型,主模的複製品通常稱為子 模,其藉由主模利用實質已知的習用複製過程製成。 具有光敏層5的基板3由工作臺27承載,其圍繞一旋轉軸 2 9旋轉’該軸在工作臺27與基板3的垂直方向延伸。該工作 臺可由第一電馬達31驅動。該裝置25進一步包括一輻射源 3 3,其在所示範例中為一雷射源,固定在相對於裝置2 $之 框架35的固定位置。可觀察出,作為一替代,也可從裝置 O:\89\89592.DOC -10- 1332660 折射率。透鏡系統9與光敏層5之間存在媒體的光學折射率 較大時,可獲得的光點丨1尺寸較小。液態的光學折射率通 常比空氣大很多,因此,光束7透過其擴展的透鏡系統9與 光敏層5之間的部分空間53保持充滿液態,依據本範例為 水。在本範例中,水也特別適合,因其可透過所用的Duv 輕射光束7,且其不會侵襲光敏層但是,在本份詳細說 明中’提及「水」處也可由其他適合的液態代替β 圖2與3更詳細地顯示,透鏡系統9、具有光敏層5的基板3 及光敏層5與透鏡系統9之間的空間53。最靠近層5的透鏡59 具有一朝向基板3的光學表面63,且最靠近基板3。透鏡55、 59懸在外殼61中,其包括朝向層5的一平坦表面65,且實質 上沿最靠近層5的透鏡59之光學軸的垂直平面延伸。 運作中’輻射7透過其照射層5上光點11的部分空間53保 持充滿水91。水91至少在某種程度上受到保護,避免從面 向層5的透鏡系統9中凹陷92的空間53帶走。 — 層5與壁65 ’即最靠近層5的部分透鏡組合之間的最佳工 作距離由兩個因素決定。一方面,該距離應足夠大,以保 持基板3與透鏡55、59及外殼61之配置間距離具有充足的容 差。另一方面,此距離不應太大,因所需水流會太大,而 無法保持輻射經其到達光點11之部分空間5 3的浸沒條件。 目前空間53最小厚度的較佳範圍為3至15〇〇 , 3至5〇〇 更佳。若液態黏度比水大,則空間最小厚度值較大特別有 利。流出口的總寬度也影響較佳的空間最小厚度範圍的上 限,空間的最小厚度最好小於(丨〇〇 + 1/2〇*w) ,其中…為 O:\89\89592.DOC -12- 1332660 在層5之平行平面所測的流出口的總寬度。空間的最小厚度 可約大於10 pm,例如大於15 μιΉ、3〇 μπι4甚至丨〇〇 μιη, 以使不靈敏度增強至容限值。 相對於輻射經其到達光點η之部分空間53,流出口9〇的 位置至少最大程度地位於中心。因此,層5與透鏡配置9在 光點11區域彼此相對運動的方向實質上可以變化,而不會 破壞經其照射光點11之部分空間53的完全浸沒。 層5與平行於層5之透鏡系統9在光點丨丨區域中的運動方 向變化越大,且不破壞實際上輻射經其通過之空間53部分 94(見圖3)的浸沒,裝置就越適用於光點丨丨需在廣泛變化方 向於層之表面運動的應用中,如光點係投影於層5之兩維影 像的成像過程中。在此類應用中’透鏡系統及透鏡系統與 輻射表面間媒體之間的折射率相當大,其優點在於,投影 的影像可具有較高解析度,又可進一步小型化及/或改善可 靠度。 - 此類應用的一範例係投影式光學微影,用於半導體裝置 製造中處理晶圓。圖5示意說明用於此目的的設備與方法。 晶圓步進機與晶圓掃描器皆可在市場上購得。因此,此類 方法與設備不必詳細說明’而主要是瞭解在此光學成像應 用背景下,本應用中提出的水浸沒。 依據圖5之投影式微影設備包括一晶圓支架12,及該晶圓 支架12上具有一透鏡組合14之一投影機13。圖5中,晶圓支 架12載有一晶圓15,其上的複數個區域16將由一光束照 射’該光束投影掃描器1 8(可與投影機13連接操作)中遮罩或 O:\89\89592.DOC -13· 1332660 光罩17的影像或部分影像。支架工作臺可沿轉軸19 2〇在乂 ,、Y方向移動,該等轉軸由轉軸驅動器21、22驅 動器21、如料㈣皆娃料元23相連。轉^ 光學微影通常應用以下兩種操作原理之一 圓步進模式,投影機將光罩的完整影像投影至晶= 域16之一。當達到所需的曝光時間時,關閉光束或變暗, 由轉轴驅動器21、22移動晶圓15,直至晶圓的下一區域“ 處於透鏡組合14前的所需位置。根據曝光區域與下一曝光 區^相對位置不同,可能需要透鏡組合14在各種變化方 向沿晶圓表面非常迅速地移動。在投影光罩影像的晶圓表 面上,照射光點的尺寸通常約為2〇 χ 2〇mm,但較大或較 小的光點亦可。 特定而言,若需製造較大的半導體單元,以其他模式投 影影像較為有利,其通常稱之為晶圓掃描模式。在此模式, 晶圓以面上的區域16中,只有狹縫形光罩部分投影為狭 縫形光點,其長度為其寬度的若干(例如四或以上)倍。通常 光點的尺寸為(例如)3G χ 5麵。然後,待掃摇的光罩口 沿掃描窗移動,而晶圓支架12在控制單元23的控制下以 調適速度同時相對於透鏡組合14運動,使得只有投影點, 而不是投影於晶圓上的光罩17之掃描的局部影像部分相對 於晶圓15運動。因此,隨著光點在晶圓上前行,後續部分 「展開」,光罩17之影像轉移至一晶圓區域16。當光罩的運 行窗部分投影至晶圓15上時,晶圓15相對於透鏡组合叫 運動,通常相當緩慢且每次在相同方向進行。光罩Η的完 〇,\89⑽ -14- 1332660 整衫像技影至晶圓1 5上後,一般晶圓1 5相對於透鏡組合J 4 的運動更快,以帶入透鏡組合14前晶圓15的下一區域,其 中將投影光罩17的下一影像。根據晶圓15的曝光區域16與 晶圓15待曝光的下一區域16的相對位置不同在多種變化 方向進行此運動。為在晶圓15相對於透鏡14位移(即,透鏡 或透鏡與晶圓也可移動)之後,能夠重新開始照射晶圓15的 表面,若完成此運動後,透鏡14與晶圓15表面之間輻射通 過的二間中之水體積馬上充滿水,使輻射重新開始之前, 能確保此空間浸沒,則較為有利。 光學微影令也可使用水,例如,若輻射為波長為193 nm 的光。但在有些情形_,其他液態可能更適合。 為向透鏡59與層5之間的空間53供應水91,一供水管67 穿過外殼61延伸,並通向一流出口 9〇。依據本範例,流出 口 90為表面54十的狭縫形式,其中狹縫9〇朝向層$開口,以 便所供的水91沿狹縫90縱向分散,並分散的水分配給層/。 運作中,水9!經狹縫90沿此狹縫縱向分散,水“再從狭縫 90分配給層5。此即導致水跡95相當寬,且輻射光束7穿過 的空間53之部分94完全浸沒,即使透鏡系統9與層5彼此相 對運動(與層5平面相平行)的方向實質上已改變。 狹縫90可有各種形式。在圖2與3所示的具體實施例中, 形成的狹缝使流出口 90位於輻射光束7之外,並延伸至輻射 7透過其照射光點U的空間53之部分94附近。從透鏡系統9 的光學轴平行方向看’十字形96表示流出口 9〇的整體斷面 通道區域的中心。
O:\S9\89592.DOC -15- 1332660 20 轉轴 21 轉軸驅動器 22 轉軸驅動器 23 控制單元 25 裝置 27 工作臺 29 旋轉軸 30 運動方向 31 . 第一電馬達 33 輻射源 35 框架 37 第一移動器 39 第一位移結構 41 第二電馬達 43 直型導引 45 鏡 47 輻射光束路徑 49 光學軸 51 聚焦驅動器 53 空間 54 表面 59 透鏡/光學元件 61 外殼 63 光學表面. 0-\89\89592.DOC -21

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1332660 第092134869號專利申請案 中文申請專利範圍替換本(99年6月) 拾、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種照射一層(3)的方法,其包括: 利用至少-光學元件(59),使一輻射光束⑺導向並聚 焦於該層(3)上的一光點(11); 引起該層(3)相對於該至少一光學元件(59)的相對運 動,從而成功地使該層(3)的不同部分受到照射,並且在 與最靠近該層(3)的該至少一光學元件(59)的一表面之 間保持一空間(53);及 使該輻射透過其照射該層(3 )上該光點(丨丨)的該空間 (53)之至少一部分保持充滿經由一供應管供應的一液態 (91); 其特徵為,將氣體(71至73)導向該層(3);及 在該氣體(了丨至”)流附近,從該層(3)去除供應液離 (91)。 2. 如申請專利範圍第丨項之方法,其中該氣體(71至乃)以足 夠高的壓力供應,以使-淨氣流(71至73)沿該層(3)的方 向,與該層(3)的該運動方向(3〇)相反。 3. 如申請專利範圍第丨或2項之方法’其中該氣體(了丨至?]) 流進入該層(3)與一邊界表面(83)之間的一空間内,其具 有寬度至少為2μίη ’最好至少為5叫,至多為1〇〇_, 最好為30 μηι。 4. 如申請專利範圍第3項之方法,其令該液態(91)在該層⑺ 上形成具有一厚度的一膜,且其中該層(3)與排放該液態 之一區域上游的面向該層(3)一表面(87)之間的一空間 89592-990614.doc (86)大於該膜的該厚度。 5.如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中以高於該氣流(71 至73)與該液態(91)供應之流速之和的流速,從該層(3) 抽去液態(91)與氣體。 如申租專利範圍第i或2項之方法,其中該氣體(71至73) 為空氣。 1' 一種用於將輻射導向一層(3)的裝置,其包括: 至少一光學元件(59),其用於將來自一輻射源(33)的 一輻射光束(7)聚焦於該層(3)上的一光點(1丨); 一位移結構,其用於引起該層(3)相對於該至少一光學 το件(59)的相對運動,從而成功地使該層的不同部分 叉到照射,並且在該層(3)與該至少一光學元件(59)最靠 近s亥光點(11)的一表面之間保持一空間(53);及 一流出口,其用於向該空間(53)前至少一部分供-應.療 痞(91),其中在操作中,該輻射透過該空間照射該層(3) 上蚱該光點(11); 其特徵為’一供氣通道(7〇)用於將一氣流(71至73)導 向該層(3);及. 一排放通道(76),其在該供氣通道(7〇)附近具有一入 口(77),用於從該層(3)抽去液態(91)。 8. 如申請專利範圍第7項之裂置,其中用於導引該氣流(71 至73)的該供氣通道(7〇)為—狹缝。 9. 如申请專利範圍第7或8項之裝置,其中該排放通道(76) 與一真空源(81)相通。 89592-990614.doc 1332660 10.如申請專利範圍第7或8項之裝置,其中該供氣通道(70) 與該排放通道(76)的該入口(77)在該空間(53)附近擴展。 89592-990614.doc 1332660 ,_ 第〇92134869號專利申請案 “年(烈❹修正热换F 中文說明書替換頁(99年6月) —二二 柒、指定代表圖: (一) 本案指定代表圖為:第(2 )圖。 (二) 本代表圖之元件代表符號簡單說明: 3 基板 7 輻射光束 9 透鏡系統 11 光點 30 運動方向 53 空間 54 表面 59 透鏡/光學元件 61 外殼 63 光學表面 67 供水管 70 供氣通道 71 氣體 75 供氣源 76 排放通道 77 入口 78 流向(箭頭) 81 真空源 82 集水器 83 邊界表面 90 流出口 /狹縫 89592-990614.doc
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WO2004055803A1 (en) 2004-07-01
EP1573730A1 (en) 2005-09-14
US20060261288A1 (en) 2006-11-23
US7358507B2 (en) 2008-04-15
KR100967835B1 (ko) 2010-07-05
AU2003276569A1 (en) 2004-07-09
JP4184346B2 (ja) 2008-11-19
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TW200423118A (en) 2004-11-01
JP2006510146A (ja) 2006-03-23
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CN1723499A (zh) 2006-01-18
ATE424026T1 (de) 2009-03-15

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