TW483050B - Semiconductor structure - Google Patents

Semiconductor structure Download PDF

Info

Publication number
TW483050B
TW483050B TW090102847A TW90102847A TW483050B TW 483050 B TW483050 B TW 483050B TW 090102847 A TW090102847 A TW 090102847A TW 90102847 A TW90102847 A TW 90102847A TW 483050 B TW483050 B TW 483050B
Authority
TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
single crystal
layer
semiconductor
semiconductor structure
composition
Prior art date
Application number
TW090102847A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jamal Ramdani
Ravindranath Droopad
Lyndee L Hilt
Kurt William Eisenbeiser
Original Assignee
Motorola Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Motorola Inc filed Critical Motorola Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of TW483050B publication Critical patent/TW483050B/zh

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/02Structural details or components not essential to laser action
    • H01S5/026Monolithically integrated components, e.g. waveguides, monitoring photo-detectors, drivers
    • H01S5/0261Non-optical elements, e.g. laser driver components, heaters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02367Substrates
    • H01L21/0237Materials
    • H01L21/02373Group 14 semiconducting materials
    • H01L21/02381Silicon, silicon germanium, germanium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30BSINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B25/00Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
    • C30B25/02Epitaxial-layer growth
    • C30B25/18Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02367Substrates
    • H01L21/02433Crystal orientation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02436Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
    • H01L21/02439Materials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02436Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
    • H01L21/02439Materials
    • H01L21/02469Group 12/16 materials
    • H01L21/02472Oxides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02436Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
    • H01L21/02439Materials
    • H01L21/02488Insulating materials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02436Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
    • H01L21/02494Structure
    • H01L21/02496Layer structure
    • H01L21/02505Layer structure consisting of more than two layers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02436Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
    • H01L21/02494Structure
    • H01L21/02496Layer structure
    • H01L21/02505Layer structure consisting of more than two layers
    • H01L21/02507Alternating layers, e.g. superlattice
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02436Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
    • H01L21/02494Structure
    • H01L21/02513Microstructure
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02518Deposited layers
    • H01L21/02521Materials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02518Deposited layers
    • H01L21/02521Materials
    • H01L21/02538Group 13/15 materials
    • H01L21/02543Phosphides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02518Deposited layers
    • H01L21/02521Materials
    • H01L21/02538Group 13/15 materials
    • H01L21/02546Arsenides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/70Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/77Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
    • H01L21/78Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
    • H01L21/82Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components
    • H01L21/8252Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components the substrate being a semiconductor, using III-V technology
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/70Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/77Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
    • H01L21/78Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
    • H01L21/82Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components
    • H01L21/8258Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components the substrate being a semiconductor, using a combination of technologies covered by H01L21/8206, H01L21/8213, H01L21/822, H01L21/8252, H01L21/8254 or H01L21/8256
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/02Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
    • H01L27/04Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body
    • H01L27/06Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration
    • H01L27/0605Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration integrated circuits made of compound material, e.g. AIIIBV
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/15Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components having potential barriers, specially adapted for light emission
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/02Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
    • H01L33/16Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular crystal structure or orientation, e.g. polycrystalline, amorphous or porous
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02107Forming insulating materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02109Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
    • H01L21/02112Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
    • H01L21/02172Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing at least one metal element, e.g. metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitrides or metal carbides
    • H01L21/02197Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing at least one metal element, e.g. metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitrides or metal carbides the material having a perovskite structure, e.g. BaTiO3
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02107Forming insulating materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02225Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
    • H01L21/0226Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process
    • H01L21/02263Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase
    • H01L21/02271Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02107Forming insulating materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02225Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
    • H01L21/0226Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process
    • H01L21/02263Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase
    • H01L21/02271Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition
    • H01L21/0228Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition deposition by cyclic CVD, e.g. ALD, ALE, pulsed CVD
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02518Deposited layers
    • H01L21/02521Materials
    • H01L21/02551Group 12/16 materials
    • H01L21/02557Sulfides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02518Deposited layers
    • H01L21/02521Materials
    • H01L21/02551Group 12/16 materials
    • H01L21/0256Selenides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/18Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
    • H01L21/30Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
    • H01L21/31Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
    • H01L21/314Inorganic layers
    • H01L21/316Inorganic layers composed of oxides or glassy oxides or oxide based glass
    • H01L21/31691Inorganic layers composed of oxides or glassy oxides or oxide based glass with perovskite structure
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/02Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
    • H01L33/26Materials of the light emitting region
    • H01L33/30Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/02Structural details or components not essential to laser action
    • H01S5/0206Substrates, e.g. growth, shape, material, removal or bonding
    • H01S5/021Silicon based substrates

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Recrystallisation Techniques (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Memories (AREA)
  • Bipolar Integrated Circuits (AREA)
  • Metal-Oxide And Bipolar Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
  • Junction Field-Effect Transistors (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
  • Bipolar Transistors (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
  • Formation Of Insulating Films (AREA)

Description

發明範疇 本發明通¥與半導體結構有關,並且與一種製造半導體 結構的方法有關,丨其,本發明與組合物半導體結構有關 、’並且與包含-單晶組合物半導體材料之半導體結構的製 造及使用有關。 發明背景 、絕大部分的半導體離散裝置及積體電路都是以矽爲材料 所製造而成,i少在某種程度上是因爲低成本、高品質單 晶矽基材的可用性所致。諸如所謂的組合物半導體材料之 類的其:他半導體材料具有物理屬性包括比♦更寬的帶隙及 /或更南的遷移4,或是使這些材料非f適用於特定半導體 裝置的直接帶隙。可惜,組合物半導體材料的成本通常高 於矽2並且在大型晶圓中,不如矽那樣容易取得。晶圓中 可取仵的砷化鎵(GalHum arsenide; GaAS)(最容易取得的組 合物半導體材料)的直徑最大只有大約150微米(mm)。相反 地二可取得的矽晶圓具有最大大約300亳米(mm)的直徑,並 且取廣泛使用的是200 mm。150 mm仏^晶圓的成本高於 ^文的矽叩圓泎多倍。其他的組合物半導體材料晶圓更不 容易取得,並且成本比GaAs更高。 二因爲希望有组合物半導體材料的特性,並且因爲通常目 月)其成本南及較無法取得大容積形式,所以許多年來已嘗 2在異質基材上生長組合物半導體材料薄膜。然而,爲了 f現最佳的組合物半導體材料特性,需要高結晶品質的單 晶膜。例如,已嘗試在鍺、矽及各種隔離體上生長單晶組 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) f 裝-----:----訂---------線一 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -4- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 483050 A7 _B7 _ 五、發明說明(2 ) 合物半導體材料層。這些嘗試尚未成功,因爲主晶與生長 晶間的晶格不匹配,導致所產生的組合物半導體材料薄膜 的結晶品質不佳。 如果以低成本取得大面積高品質單晶組合物半導體材料 薄膜,則有助於以低成本在該薄膜上製造各種半導體裝置 ,其成本低於在組合物半導體材料的大容積晶圓上製造此 類裝置的成本,或是低於在組合物半導體材料之大容積晶 圓上此類材料的磊晶膜中製造此類裝置的成本。此外,如 果能夠在諸如矽晶圓的大容積晶圓上體現高品質單晶組合 物半導體材料的薄膜,則可利用矽及組合物半導體材料的 特性來實現積體裝置結構。 因此,需要有一種半導體結構,其能夠提供優於另一種 單晶材料的高品實單晶組合物半導體膜,以及需要有一種 製造此類結構的方法。 圖式簡單説明 本發明將藉由範例及附圖來進行解説,但本發明未限定 在這些範例及附圖内,其中相似的參照代表相似的元件, 並且其中: 圖1、2、4、5顯示根據本發明各種具體實施例之裝置結 構的斷面圖; 圖3以圖表顯示可獲得的最大膜厚度與主晶和生長結晶 覆蓋層間晶格不匹配間的關係; 圖6顯示通信裝置一部分的方塊圖;
圖7到11顯示包括組合物半導體部分、雙極性部分及MOS -5- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注咅?事項再填寫本頁) 裝-----r---訂---------線一 483050 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明(3 邵分之積體電路一部分的斷面圖;以及 圖12到18顯示包括半導體雷射及刪電晶體之另一積靡 電路一邵分的斷面圖。 & 熟知技藝人士應明白,圖中的元件是簡化的㈣n 不需要按比㈣製。例如,相對於其他元件,圖 件的尺寸可能過度放大,以利於更容易瞭解本發明:: 實施例。 月 圖式詳細説明 圖1顯示根據本發明一項具體實施例之半導體处 一部分的斷面圖。半導體結構20包括單晶基材22:包含單 晶材料的容納緩衝層24以及單晶組合物半導體材料層&。 ^此上=文中,術語「單晶」應具有半導體產業内常用的 .心義術%「單卵」應代表屬於單晶或實質上屬於單晶的 材料,並JL應包含具有相#少量缺陷(諸如石夕或石夕化緒或混 合物I基材中常發現的位錯等等)的材料,以及半導體產業 中常發現之此類材料的磊晶層。 根據本發明一項具體實施例,結構2〇還包括位於基材22 與容納緩衝層24之間的非結晶中間層28。結構2〇還可包括 位於容納緩衝層與組合物半導體層26之間的模板層3〇。如 下文中詳細的説明,模板層有助於在容納緩衝層上開始生 長組合物半導體層。非結晶中間層有助於減緩容納緩衝層 應變’並藉此協助生長高結晶品質容納緩衝層。 根據本發明一項具體實施例,基材22是單晶矽晶圓,最 好疋大尺寸單晶矽晶圓。晶圓可能屬於周期表第族材料 -6- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
(請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 483050 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(4 ) ,並且最好是第IVA族材料。第…族半導體材料的範例包 :矽、鍺、混合矽與鍺、混合矽與碳、混合矽、鍺與碳等 等。基材22最好是包含矽或鍺的晶圓,並且最好是如半導 體業產巾使用的以料晶石夕晶圓。容納緩衝層24最好是 基礎基材上磊晶生長的單晶氧化物或氮化物材料。根據本 發明一項具體實施例,非結晶中間層28係在基材22上生長 ,並位於基材22與生長的容納緩衝層之間,其方式是在生 長容納緩衝層24期間氧化基材22。非結晶中間層係用來減 緩由於基材與緩衝層間晶格常數差異而導致容納緩衝層可 能會發生的應變。在本文中,晶格常數代表在表面平面上 所測量之細胞原子間的距離。如果非結晶中間層未減緩此 類的應變,則應變會導致容納緩衝層中結晶結構中的缺陷 。接著’谷納緩衝層中結晶結構中的缺陷將導致難以實現 單晶組合物半導體層26中的高品質結晶結構。 谷納緩衝層2 4取好疋選用與基礎基材結晶相容及與覆蓋 組合物半導體材料結晶相容的單晶氧化物或氮化物材料。 例如’此類的材料可能是具有與基材匹配且與後續供應的 半導體材料匹配之晶格結構的氧化物或氮化物。容納緩衝 層所適用的材料包括氧化金屬,諸如驗土金屬鈥酸鹽、驗 土金屬锆私:鹽、绘土金屬铪酸鹽、驗土金屬短酸鹽、驗土 金屬釕酸鹽、鹼土金屬鈮酸鹽、鹼土金屬釩酸鹽、鹼土金 屬錫基鈣鈦礦(alkaline earth metal tin-based perovskites) 、鑭铭fe:鹽、氧化鑭钪及氧化乱。另外,容納緩衝層也可 使用諸如氮化鎵、氮化鋁及氮化硼之類的氮化物。這些材 -7- ‘紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) —裝-----r---訂---------線j (請先閲讀背面之注咅?事項再填寫本頁) 483050 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 ---— _B7___ 五、發明說明(5 ) 料大部分是隔離體,雖然(例如)總、釕是導體。一般而言 ’這些材料是氧化金屬或氮化金屬,尤其,這些氧化金屬 或氮化金屬包括至少兩個不同的金屬元素。在某些特定應 用中’乳化金屬或氮化金屬包括至少三個或三個以上不同 的金屬元素。 非結晶中間層2 8最好是藉由將基材2 2表面氧化所形成的 氧化物,尤其是由氧化矽所組成。非結晶中間層28的厚度 足以減緩因基材22與容納緩衝層24的晶格常數間不匹配所 導致的應變。通常,非結晶中間層28的厚度大約是0.5到5 毫微米(nm)。 可按特足半導體結構的需求’從第111A與V A族元素 (III-V半導體組合物)、混合ΠΙ·ν組合物、第II(A與B)與VIA 族元素(Π-VI半導體組合物),以及混合π_νι組合物中選用 單晶組合物半導體層26的組合物半導體材料。範例包括砷 化鎵(GaAs)、砷化鎵銦(GaIllAs)、砷化鎵鋁(GaAlAs)、磷 化銦(InP)、硫化鎘(CdS)、碲化鎘汞(CdHgTe)、硒化鋅(ZnSe) 、硒化鋅硫(ZnSSe)等等。適合的模板材料以化學方式鍵合 在容納緩衝層24表面上的選取部位,並提供後續組合物半 導體層26蟲晶生長集結(nucieati〇n)的部位。下文中將説明 適用於模板層3 0的材料。 圖2顯示根據本發明另一項具體實施例之半導體結構4〇 之一部分的斷面圖。結構40類似於前文説明的半導體結構 20,除了介於谷納緩衝層24與單結構組合物半導體材料層 26間的額外緩衝層32以外。具體而言,額外緩衝層位於模 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) · I I I l· I I I ^ « — — —— — I — — — — — — — — —f.
483050 A7 五、發明說明(6 ) ”覆蓋组合物半導體材料層之間。當容納缓衝居奋 法通备匹配覆蓋單晶組合物半導體材料層時,半導體^ 合物羊導體材料所形成的額外續输展 。 X 7毛、外,皮衝層係用來提供晶格補償 下列非限制性、作例證的範例説明根據本發明各種替代 具體實施例之結構20與結構40中可用的各種材料组合 些完全是用來説明,並且本發明不限定於這些作例證的範 例〇 範例1 根據本發明一項具體實施例,單晶基材U係以(1〇〇)方向 爲目的之矽基材。矽基材可能是(例如)用來製造直徑大約 爲200到300 mm之互補金屬氧化物半導體(cm〇s^^體電路 中常用的矽基材。根據本發明的此項具體實施例,容納緩 衝層24是SrzBai_zTi〇3單晶層,其中z介於以"範圍内,而 非結晶中間層是在介於矽基材與容納緩衝層間之界面上形 成的氧化矽(SiOx)層。所選用的z値是爲了獲得緊密匹配對 應之後續形成層26之晶格常數的一個或一個以上晶格常數 。例如’谷納緩衝層的厚度大約在2 nm到100 nm的範圍内 ’並且取好疋大約1 〇 nm的厚度。一般而言,希望容納緩衝 層的厚度足以隔離組合物半導體層與基材,以獲得所希望 的電子及光學特性。厚度低於1 〇〇 nm的層通常提供較少的 額外優點’並增加不必要的成本;然而,若需要,可製造 較厚的層。氧化矽非結晶中間層厚度大約在〇 5 nn^,】5 nm 的範圍内’並且最好是大約1 · 5 nm到2 · 5 nm的厚度。 -9- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公爱) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝-----r---訂---------線赢 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 哪050 五、 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 發明說明(7 根據本發明的此項具體實施例,组合物半導體材料層26 是砷化鎵(GaAs)或坤化鋁鎵(AlGaAs)層,其厚度大約si ηπι到大約1〇〇微米(μπχ) ’並且最好是大約〇5 叫的 厚度。厚度通常視所準備之層的應用而定。爲了促進在單 晶乳化物上暴晶生長砰化鎵或砰化銘鎵,將藉由覆蓋氧化 層來形成模板層。模板層最好是Ti-As、Sr-〇-As、Si*-Ga_Q 或81*-八1-0的1到1〇層單分子層(111011〇1叮^)。藉由較佳範例 ,已證實Ti-As或Sr-Ga-Ο的1到2層單分子層可成功生長 GaAs 層0 範例2 根據本發明進一步具體實施例,單晶基材22是如上文所 述的碎基材。容納緩衝層24是立體或斜方晶相之鳃或鋇錐 酸鹽或給的單晶氧化物,而非結晶中間層是在介於石夕基材 與容納緩衝層間之界面上形成的氧化矽層。容納緩衝層的 厚度大約在2 nm到100 nm的範圍内,並且最好是至少5 nm 的厚度,以確保足夠的結晶及表面品質,並且是由單晶 SrZi*03、BaZr〇3、SrHf03、BaSn03或 BaHf03所組成。例如 ’可在大約700度C的溫度下生長BaZr03單晶氧化層。所產 生之結晶氧化物的晶格結構呈現相對於基材矽晶格結構的 45度旋轉。 由這些鋇锆酸鹽或铪材料所形成的容納緩衝層適合在瑪 化銦(InP)系統中生長組合物半導體材料。組合物半導體材 料可能是(例如)厚度大約是1 ·〇 nm到10 μιη的磷化銦(InP) 或坤化鋼鎵(InGaAs)。適用於此結構的模板層是锆-砰 -10- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
48J050 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 五、發明說明(8 ) (Zr-As)、鍺磷(Zr-P)、铪_砷(财_八5)、铪-磷(Hf-P)、鳃-氧 -砷(Sr-0-As)、鳃-氧-磷(Sr-Ο-Ρ)、鋇·氧-砷(Ba-0-As)、銦-翅-氧(In-Sr-O)或鋇-氧·磷(Ba_〇_P)的1到10層單分子層 (monolayer),並且最好是這些材料其中一個的丨到2層單分 子層。藉由範例,就鋇結酸鹽容納緩衝層而言,表面係以 錐的1到2層單分子層終止,之後接著沈積坤的1到2層單分 子層,以形成Zr-As模板。然後,在模板層上生長以磷化銦 系統爲材料的組合物半導體材料的單晶層。所產生之組合 物半導體材料的晶格結構呈現相對於容納緩衝層晶格結構 的45度旋轉,並且不匹配(1〇〇) Inp的晶格小於2 5%,並且 最好小於大約1.0%。 範例3 根據本發明進一步具體實施例,假設結構適合生長π-νι 材料暴晶膜,以覆蓋矽基材。如上文所述,基材最好是矽 晶圓。適合的容納緩衝層材料是SrxBai xTi〇3,其中χ介於〇 到1範圍内,厚度大約在2 nm到1〇〇 nm的範圍内,並且最好 是大約5 nm到15 nm的厚度。π-VI組合物半導體材料可能是 (例如)鋅亞涵酸鹽(ZnSe)或鋅硫亞硒酸鹽(ZnSSe)。適用於 此材料系統的模板層包括鋅_氧(Zn-〇)的1到1〇層單分子層 ’之後接著過量的鋅的1到2層單分子層,之後接著位於表 面上的鋅亞磁酸鹽。或者,模板層可能是(例如)鳃-硫(Sr_s) ’之後接著ZnSeS。 範例4 本發明的此項具體實施例是圖2所示之結構4〇的範例。基 -11- 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝-----^----訂---------線* 483050 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(9 ) 材22、單晶氧化層24及單晶組合物半導體材料層26可能類 似於範例1中所説明對應項。此外,額外緩衝層32係用來減 緩應變,其中應變是由於容納緩衝層晶格與單晶半導體材 料間不匹配所致。緩衝層32可能是砷磷化鎵(GaASxPix)或 嶙化銦鎵(ΙηγGaNyP)應變補償超晶格。在绅騎化鎵超晶格中 ,X値介於〇到i範圍内,而在磷化銦鎵超晶格中,y値介於〇 到1範圍内。藉由看情況來改變x値或y値,晶格常數會隨之 橫跨超晶格從下到上變改,以產生基礎氧化物與覆蓋組合 物半導體材料之晶格常數間的匹配。超晶格的厚度大約在 50 nm到500 nn^範圍内,並且最好是大約2〇〇 nn^ i〇〇 nm 的厚度。此結構的模板可能與範例丨中説明的模板相同。或 者,緩衝層可能是厚度爲1 nm到50 nm的的單晶鍺,並且最 好疋大約2 nm到20 nm的厚度。在使用鍺緩衝層的過程中, 可使用厚度大約一個單分子層的鍺—鳃(Ge_Sr)或鍺-欽 (Ge-Ti)的模板層。形成氧化層的方式是覆蓋單分子層鳃或 單分子層鈦,以作爲後續沈積單晶鍺的集結部位。單分子 層鳃或單分子層鈦提供第一單分子層鍺可键合的集結部位 範例5 此$例還説明圖2所示之結構4〇中使用的材料。基材材料 22奋饷,、爰衝層24及單晶組合物半導體材料層26及模板層 ^ 〇可把與範例2中所説明對應項相同。此外,會在容納緩衝 層與覆蓋單晶組合物半導體材料層《間插入緩衝層32。緩 衝層(進一步的單晶半導體材料)可能是(例如)砷化銦鎵 -12- 本紙張尺度_ + _家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公爱"7 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 訂---------線赢 483050 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明(1〇 ) (InGaAs)的粒級層(graded layer),其中銦成份大約從0到 47%間變化。緩衝層的厚度最好大約是1〇到3〇 。將緩衝 層成份從GaAs變化成InGaAs,以提供基礎單晶氧化材料與 早晶組合物半導體材料覆蓋層間的晶格匹配。如果容納緩 衝層24與單晶組合物半導體材料層26間晶格不匹配,則此 類的緩衝層特別有利。 请重新參考圖1及2,基材22是諸如單晶矽基材之類的單 晶基材。單晶基材結晶結構的特徵在於晶格常數及晶格方 向。在類似的方法中,容納緩衝層24也是單晶材料,並且 單晶材料晶格的特徵在於晶格常數及晶體方向。容納緩衝 層與單晶基材的必須緊密匹配,或者,必須某一晶體方向 係對著另一晶體方向旋轉,才能達成實質上晶格常數匹配 。在此上下文中,「實質上等於」及「實質上匹配」表示 晶格常數間有充足的相似點,而能夠在基礎層上生長高品 質結晶層。 圖3顯示可達成之高結晶品質生長晶體層厚度的關係,作 爲主晶與生長晶的晶格常數之間不匹配的函數。曲線4 ?高 結晶品質材料的界限。曲線42右方的區域代表愈來愈晶格 匹配的多晶體,因此能夠在主晶上生長無限厚度、高品質 磊晶層。由於晶格常數不匹配遞增,所以可達成、高品質 結晶層的厚度迅速遞減。例如,作爲參考點,如果主晶與 生長層間的晶格常數不匹配超過大約2%,則無法達成超過 大約20 nm的單晶磊晶層。 根據本發明一項具體實施例,基材22是以(1〇〇)或(ιιι) -13- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注咅?事項再填寫本頁) 裝·丨丨—:---丨訂— I---·*5^ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 483050 A7 _B7 _ 五、發明說明(11 ) 爲方向的單晶矽晶圓,而容納緩衝層24是鳃鋇鈦酸鹽層。 達成這兩種材料之晶格常數實質上匹配的方式爲’將欽酸 鹽材料晶體方向往相對於矽基材晶圓晶體方向45°旋轉。在 此範例中,非結晶中間層24結構中所包含的氧化矽層係用 來降低鈇酸鹽單晶層應變,因爲欽酸鹽單晶層應變會導致 主矽晶圓與生長鈦酸鹽層的晶格常數不匹配。結果,根據 本發明一項具體實施例,可達成高品質、更厚的單晶層鈦 酸鹽層。 請重新參考圖1及2,層26是磊晶生長單晶組合物半導體 材料層’並且該結晶材料的特徵在於晶格常數及晶體方向 。爲了達成南結晶品質的蟲晶生長層’容納緩衝層必須具 有南結晶品質。此外^爲了達成面結晶品質的層26’布望 主晶(在此情況下,主晶是單晶容納緩衝層)與生長晶體的 晶格常數之間實質上匹配。配合正確選用的材料,由於生 長晶體的晶體方向會相對於主晶方向旋轉^所以可達成晶 格常數實質上匹配。如果生長晶體是坤化鎵、砷化鋁鎵、 鋅亞硒酸鹽或鋅硫亞硒酸鹽,而容納緩衝層是單晶 Si^Ba^TiC^,則可達成這兩種材料的晶格常數實質上匹配 ,其中會將生長層的晶體方向往相對於主單晶氧化物方向 旋轉45°。同樣地,如果主晶材料是鳃或鋇锆酸鹽或鳃或鋇 铪或鋇錫氧化物,而組合物半導體層是磷化銦或砷化鎵銦 或砷化鋁銦,則可達成晶格常數實質上匹配,其方式是將 生長晶體層的方向往相對於主氧化物晶體方向旋轉45°。在 某些情況中,主晶氧化物與生長組合物半導體層之間的結 -14- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝-----Γ---訂---------線座 483050 A7 B7 五、發明說明(12 t半導體緩衝層可用來降低生長單晶組合物半導體層的應 變,因爲應變會導致晶格常數的微幅差異。藉此可二成最 佳的生長單晶組合物半導體層結晶品質。 下文説明根據本發明一項具體實施例之製造諸如圖丨與二 所π之結構之半導體結構的方法。方法的開始步驟是提供 一種包括,碎或鍺的單晶半導體基材。根據本發明較佳具體 實施例,半導體晶基材是具有(100)方向的矽晶圓。基材^ 好是以軸線爲方向,最多偏離軸線大約05。。半導體基材 的至少一部分具有裸面,然而基材的其他部分可能圍繞著 其他結構,如下文所述。在此上下文中,術語「裸」表示 已清除基材的部分表面,以去除氧化物、致污物或其他異 質材料。眾所皆知,裸矽具有高度反應性,並且很容易形 成天然氧化物。術語「裸」包含此類的天然氧化物。還可 能故意在半導體基材上生長薄型氧化矽,然而此類的生長 氧化物不是根據本發明之方法的必要項。爲了羞晶生長單 晶氧化層以覆蓋單晶基材,必須先去除天然氧化層,以暴 露基礎基材的結晶結構。下列的方法最好是藉由分子束磊 晶生長(molecular beam epitaxy ; ΜΒΕ)方法來實現。藉由 先在MBE裝置中熱沈積薄型鳃層,以去除天然氧化物。然 後,將基材加熱到大約75(TC,使鳃與天然矽氧化層產生化 學反應。鳃係用來分解氧化矽,而留下無氧化矽表面。所 產生的表面包括锶、氧及矽,並呈現整齊的2χ1結構。整齊 的2x1結構形成模板,用以有序生長單晶氧化物的覆蓋層。 模板提供必要的化學及物理特性,以集結結晶生長的覆蓋 -15- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝·----r---訂---------線| 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 483050 發明說明(13 根據本發明替代具體實施例,可轉換天然氧化矽並準備 基材表面,以生長單晶氧化層,其方式是在低溫下藉由MBE 在基材表面上沈積氧化鳃,接著將結構加熱到大約75〇。〇。 在此溫度下,氧化鳃與天然氧化矽間發生的固態反應導致 天然氧化矽返原,並在基材表面上留下具有鳃、氧及矽的 整齊2x1結構。再次,以此方式形成模板,用以接著生長有 序單晶氧化物層。 根據本發明一項具體實施例,在去除基材表面上的氧化 矽後,將基材冷卻到大約400到600。(:範圍内的溫度,並且 藉由分子束磊晶生長在模板層上生長鳃鈦酸鹽層。MBE方 法從MBE裝置中的開孔活閘(〇pening shuUer)開始,以暴露 锶、鈦及氧來源。鳃與鈦的比率大約是1 : 1。部分壓力之 氧氣最初設定在最小値,以利於以每分鐘大約〇 3到〇 5 的生長速度來生長推測的總鈥酸鹽。在初步生長鳃鈦酸鹽 後,將部分壓力之氧氣遞增到大約最初的最小値。氧氣過 壓會導致在基礎基材與生長中之總鈥酸鹽層之間的界面上 生長非結晶氧化矽。生長氧化矽層起因於氧氣會通過生長 中之鳃鈦酸鹽層擴散到位於基礎基材表面上氧氣與碎產生 化學反應的表面。鳃鈦酸鹽生長成爲有序單晶,並且具有 相對於整齊2x1結晶結構之基礎基材旋轉45。的結晶方向。 否則,魏鈥酸鹽層可能存在應變,這是因爲矽基材與生長 晶體之間晶格常數微幅不匹配所致,而在非結晶氧化秒中 間層可減缓此類的應變。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝·----:----訂·--------線表 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -16- 483050 A7 -------— B7 五、發明說明(14 ) ^總鈥酸鹽生長到所希望的厚度後,接著藉由模板層來 覆盍單晶鳃鈦酸鹽,以促進後續生長所希望的組合物半導 體材料磊晶層。就後續生長砷化鎵層而言,覆蓋生長 的鳃鈦酸鹽單晶層的方式爲,以丨到2層單分子層鈦、丨到9 層單分子層鈦-氧或1到2層單分子層翅一氧來終止生長。在 形成此覆蓋層後,接著沈積砷,以形成Ti_As鍵合、Ti_〇_As 鍵合或Sr-0-As。這些的任一種都可形成適合沈積及形成砷 化鎵單晶層的模板。在形成模板後,接著導入鎵,以與砷 產生化學反應’並形成砰化鎵。或者,可在覆蓋層上沈積 鎵,以形成Sr-0-Ga鍵合,並且導入與鎵反應的砷,以形成 GaAs 〇 藉由如上文所述的方法並加上額外緩衝層沈積步驟,即 可形成如圖2所示的結構。在沈積單晶組合物半導體層之前 ,會先形成覆蓋模板層的緩衝層。如果缓衝層是組合物半 導體超晶格,則可在如上文所述的模板上藉由(例如)mbe 來沈積此類的超晶格。如果用錯層來取代緩衝層,則會修 改上述的方法,以最後的總層或鈥層來覆蓋總鈥酸鹽單晶 層,然後藉由沈積鍺,以利於與鳃或鈦產生化學反應。然 後,可在此板板上直接沈積錯緩衝層。 如上文所述的方法説明一種藉由分子束磊晶生長方法來 形成半導體結構的方法,其中該半導體結構包含一矽基材 、一單晶鳃鈦酸鹽容納緩衝層及一單晶砷化鍺組合物半導 體層。然而,還可能藉由化學蒸汽化殿積(chemical vapor deposition ; CVD)、金屬有機化學蒸汽澱積(metal organic -17- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注咅J事項再填寫本頁) 裝-----r---訂---------線羞 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 483050 Α7 Β7 五、發明說明(15) chemical vapor deposition ; MOCVD)、遷移率增強型系晶 生長(migration enhanced epitaxy ; MEE)、原子層磊晶生長 (atomic layer epitaxy ; ALE)等等來實現此項方法。另外, 藉由類似的方法,還可生長其他的單晶容納緩衝層,諸如 ,鹼土金屬鈦酸鹽、驗土金屬锆酸鹽、驗土金屬給酸鹽、 鹼土金屬短酸鹽、鹼土金屬釩酸鹽、鹼土金屬釕酸鹽、鹼 土金屬說酸鹽、驗土金屬錫基轉鈇礦(alkaline earth metal tin-based perovskites)、鑭鋁酸鹽、氧化鑭銃及氧化釓。另 外,藉由諸如MBE的類似方法,還可沈積其他的第ΙΠ_ν& II-VI族單晶組合物半導體層,以覆蓋單晶氧化物容納緩衝 層。 組合物半導體材料與單晶氧化物容納緩衝層的每種變化 都是使用適當的模板層,以利於開始生長組合物半導體層 。例如,如果容納緩衝層是鹼土金屬锆酸鹽,則可藉由薄 型锆層來覆盍氧化物。沈積锆之後,接著沈積要與錐產生 化學反應的砷或磷,作爲分別沈積砷化銦鎵、砷化銦鋁或 磷化銦的前導。同樣地,如果單晶氧化物容納緩衝層是鹼 土金屬铪酸鹽,則可藉由薄型铪層來覆蓋氧化層。沈積铪 之後,接著沈積要與铪產生化學反應的砷或磷,作爲分別 生長砷化銦鎵、砷化銦鋁或磷化銦層的前導。在類似的方 法中,可用鳃或鳃暨氧層來覆蓋鳃鈦酸鹽,並且用鋇或鋇 暨氧層來覆蓋鋇鈦酸鹽。沈積前述各項之後,接著沈積要 與覆蓋材料產生化學反應的坤或磷,以形成用來沈積組合 物半導體材料層的模板,其中組合物半導體材料層包括砷 丨丨---------•裝-----r---訂---------線# (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -18-
483050 A7 B7 五、發明說明(16 ) 化銦鎵、砷化銦鋁或磷化銦層。 斷=顯=本發明進一步具體實施例之裝置結構5。的 口-裝匕結構50包括單晶半導體基材52,並最好… =圓。單晶半導體基材52包㈣及54兩個區域。;: ΓΓΓΓ子半導體组件通常是在區域53中形成。ΐΐ 的主動式半導體組件,或者諸/五姑:^或電晶體之類 … 4 #逢如互補金屬氧化物丰道髀 聰)積體電路之類的積體電路。例如,電子半導體^ 56可能是CM0S積體電路,用來執行數位信號處理,^用來 執=當通切積體電路的另_種功能。可藉由眾所皆知 ΐ ί體產業中廣泛實施的傳統半導體處理來形成區域53 的電:半導體組件。諸如二氧化矽層之類的隔離材料層 58可覆盍電子半導體組件56。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 區域54的表面上會移除半導體組件56處理期間在區域53 中形成或沈積的隔離材料58或任何其他層,以便在區域Μ 中提供㈣表面。眾所皆知,㈣表面具有高度反應性, 亚且裸表面上可迅速形成天然氧化矽層。會在區域Μ表面 上的天然氧化物層上沈積鋇或鋇暨氧層,並且與氧化表面 產生化學反應,以形成第一模板層(圖中未顯示)。根據本 發明-項具體實施例,會藉由分子束蓋晶生長方法來形成 單晶氧物層60,以覆蓋模板層。在模板層上沈積包括鋇 、鈦暨氧的反應物,以形成單晶氧化物層。首先,於沈積 期間’將部分壓力之氧氣維持在接近與鋇及鈦完全反應所 須的最小限度’以形成單晶鋇鈦酸鹽層6〇。然後,遞增部 -19- 483050 五、發明說明(17) 供氧氣過塵,並允許氧氣通常生長中的 區域54表面上的砂產μ ^,層擴政的錢會與位於 广… 7屋生化學反應,用以在第二區域上形达 氧化矽非結晶層62,非姓曰厗67彳^、人& # 氐$上形成 之間的界面。 非、、·,層62位抑基材與單晶氧化物 根=發明1具體實施例,終止沈積單晶氧化物層6〇 ::、疋沈積弟二模板層64’該第二模板層“可能是即。 ::为子層鈦、鋇、鋇暨氧或鈦暨氧。然後,藉由分子束 磊晶生長方法來沈積單晶組合物半導體材料層66,以覆蓋 第=模板層、。沈積層66的第一步驟是在模板層上沈積石^ 。、第一步驟(後,接著沈積鎵及砰,以形成單晶砰化鎵。 或者’在上面的範例中,可用鳃來取代鋇。 根據本發明進一步具體實施例,通常會在組合物半導體 層66上形成虛線68所指示的半導體組件。可藉由製造砷化 鎵或其他第III-V族組合物半導體材料裝置中使用的傳統處 理步驟來形成半導體組件68。半導體組件68可能是任何的 主動型或被動型組件,並且最好是利用組合物半導體材料 物理特性的半導體雷射、發光二極體、光檢測器、異質結 雙極性電晶體(heterojunction bipolar transistor ; HBT)、高 頻MESFET或其他的組件。可形成線條7〇所指示的金屬導體 ,以利於電子耦合裝置68及裝置56,以此方式建置積體電 路’該積體電路包括至少碎基材中形成的一個組件及單晶 組合物半導體材料層中形成的一個裝置。雖然已説明之作 爲例證的結構50是在矽基材52上形成的結構,並且具有鋇( -20- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝----l· — 訂---------線一 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 483050 A7 ____B7 五、發明說明(18) 或鳃)鈦酸鹽層60及砷化鎵層66,但是可使用本發表中他處 所説明的其他基材、單晶氧化層及其他組合物半導體層來 製造類似的裝置。 圖5顯示根據本發明另一項具體實施例之半導體結構72 的圖式。結構72包括單晶半導體基材74,諸如包含區域乃 及區域76的單晶矽晶圓。將使用半導體產業中常用的傳統 矽裝置處理技術,在區域75中形成虛線78所指示的電子組 件。使用類似於如上文所述的方法步驟,來形成·單晶氧化 層80及中間非結晶氧化矽層82,以覆蓋基材74的區域%。 接著形成模板層84及其後的單晶半導體層86,以覆蓋單晶 氧化物層80。根據本發明進一步具體實施例,藉由^似= 形成層80的方法步驟來形成額外單晶氧化物層88,以覆蓋 層86,並且,藉由類似於形成層86的方法步驟來形成額外 單晶半導體層90,以覆蓋單晶氧化物層88。根據本發明一 項具體實施例,會從組合物半導體材料來形成層86及9〇的 至少其中一層。 通常會在單晶半導體層86的至少一部分上形成虛線92所 指示的半導體部分。根據本發明一項具體實施例,半導體 組件9 2可包含場效電晶體,在某種程度上,該場效電晶㉗ 的閘電介質係由單晶氧化物層8 8所形。此外,可使用單晶 半導體層92來建置該場效電晶體的閘電極。根據本發明— 項具體實施例,會從第III-V族組合物來形成單晶半導體層 8 6 ’並且半導體組件9 2是利用第ΠI - V族組合物材料物理特 性的射頻(RF)放大器。根據本發明更進一步具體實施例, -21- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝-----:----訂---------^^^^1 . 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 483050 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 _______B7___ 五、發明說明(19 ) 線條94所指示的電子交接以電子方式交接組件78及組件92 。以此方式,結構72集成利用兩種單晶半導體材料唯一特 4生的組件。 藉由更多的特定範例,圖6到18顯示其他的積體電路及系 統。圖6顯示用以説明通信裝置100之一部分的簡化方塊圖 ,該通信裝置100具有信號收發裝置1(H、積體電路1〇2、輸 出單元103及輸入單元1 〇4。信號收發裝置的範例包括天線 、數據機或任何其他的裝置,這些裝置可用來將資訊或資 料傳送至或自外邵裝置。在本文中,收發功能係用來表示 可邊只能夠傳輸、只能夠接收或可接收暨傳輸信號至通信 裝置或來自於通信裝置之信號的信號收發裝置。輸出單元 1〇3可包括顯示器、監視器、揚聲器等等。輸入單元1〇4可 包括麥克風、鍵盤等等。請注意,在替代具體實施例中, 可用諸如記憶體等等的單一單元來取代輸出單元1〇3及輸 入單元104。記憶體可包括隨機存取記憶體或非揮發性記憶 體,諸如硬碟、快閃記憶卡或模組等等。 積體電路通常是連續基材上或内不能分離組合的至少兩 個%路元件(例如’電晶體、二極體、電阻器、電容哭等等 )的組合。積體電路102包括組合物半導體部分1〇22、雙極 性部分1024及金屬氧化物半導體(M0S)部分1〇26。組合物 半導體部分1022包括組合物半導體材料内至少部分形成的 電子組件。組合物半導體部分丨022内的電晶體及其他電子 組件能夠處理至少大約0.8 GHz的射頻信號。在其他具體實 施例,信號可能是較低或較高的頻率。例如,在諸如^化 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -----^---—訂·--1111--*5^遍 -22- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 483050 A7 _B7 _ 五、發明說明(2〇 ) 銦鎵之類的某些材料能夠處理大約27 GHz的射頻信號。 組合物半導體部分1022進一步包括雙工器10222、射頻轉 基頻帶轉換器10224 (解調變裝置或解調變電路)、基頻帶轉 射頻轉換器10226 (調變裝置或調變電路)、功率放大器 10228及隔離體10229。雙極性部分1024及MOS部分1026通 常係以IV族半導體材料所形成。雙極性部分1024包括接收 放大器10242、類比到數位轉換器10244、數位到類比轉換 器10246及傳輸放大器10248。MOS部分1026包括數位信號 處理裝置10262。此類裝置的範例包括市場上通常可購買到 的 DSP核心,諸如 Motorola DSP 566xx (Motorola,Incorporated of Schaumburg,Illinois銷售)及 Texas Instruments TMS 320C54x (Texas Instruments of Dallas,Texas銷售)系列數位信號處理 器。數位信號處理裝置10262通常包括互補金屬氧化物半導 體(CMOS)電晶體及類比到數位暨數位到類比轉換器。顯然 地,積體電路10 2中會出現其他的電子組件。 在某一操作模式中,通信裝置100自天線接收信號,其中 天線屬於信號收發裝置101的一部分。信號通過雙工器 10227傳送到射頻轉基頻帶轉換器10224。類比資料或其他 資訊經過接收放大器10224放大後,即傳輸到數位信號處理 裝置10262。數位信號處理裝置10262處理資訊或其他資料 後,將經過處理的資訊或其他資料傳輸到輸出單元103。如 果通信裝置是傳呼機,則輸出單元可能是顯示器。如果通 信裝置是行動電話,則輸出單元103可包含揚聲器、顯示器 或兩項皆有。 -23- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 l·---訂---------線痛 483050 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印制衣 A7 五、發明說明( .21 ) 通信裝置1 00可將資料或其他資訊進相反方向傳送。資料 或其他貧訊將通過輸入單元104。在行動電話中,輸入單元 104可包括麥克風或键盤。然後,會使用數位信號處理裝置 102 62來處理資訊或其他資料。經過處理後,然後使用數位 到類比轉換器10246來轉換信號。傳輸放大器1〇248負責放 大已轉換的信號。已放大的信號經過基頻帶轉射頻轉換器 10226調變後,由功率放大器1〇228負責進一步放大。已放 大的射頻信號通過隔離體10229及雙工器1〇222傳送到天線 〇 通信裝置100的先前技藝具體實施例將具有至少兩個分 開的積體電路:其中一個是组合物半導體部分i 022,而另 一個是MOS部分1026。雙極性部分1024可能位於與M〇s部 分1026相同的積體電路上,或可能位於另一個積體電路上 現在,運用本發明具體實施例,可在單一積體電路内形 成运三個部分。因爲所有的電晶體都可駐存於單一積體電 路上,所以可大幅小型化通信裝置,並且更方便攜帶通信 裝置。 現在,將説明如圖了到“所示之一種用以形成示範性積體 電路⑽部分的方法。於圖7中,所提供的p型換雜式單晶石夕 基材110具有組合物半導體部分1022 '雙極性部分1〇24及 MOS部分1026。在雙極性部分内摻雜單晶石夕基材,以形成 N +埋置區域1102。然後,在埋置區域11〇2與基材ιι〇上面形 成輕微P型摻雜式蟲晶單晶,夕層11〇4。然後,實行摻雜步驟 ,以便在N + 埋置區域⑽上產生輕^型掺雜式漂移區川7 本紙張尺度適时關家標準(CNS)A4 g (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
^--------1T---------I -24- 483050 A7 B7 五、發明說明(22 ) 。摻雜步驟將雙極性區域刪部分内的輕微p型蟲晶層的捧 雜物類型轉換成輕微η型單晶矽區域。然後,在雙極性部分 1024與MOS部分1026間形成場隔離區域〗1〇6。在m〇s部分 1026内的磊晶層1104部分上形成間電介質層ιιι〇,然後, 在閘電介質層1110上形成閘電極1112。沿著閘電極1112與 閘電介質層1110的垂直面形成側壁間隔i i i 5。 將P型摻雜物導入漂移區域1117,以形成活性或本質基極 區域1114。然後,在雙極性部分1〇24内形成11型、深層集電 極區域1108,以允許電子連接到埋置區域11〇2。實行可有 選擇性η型摻雜,以形成N +摻雜區域1116及發射極區域ιΐ2〇 。N +摻雜區域1116係在沿著閘電極1112鄰接側的層ιι〇4内 形成’並且是MOS電晶體的源極、汲極或源/汲極區域。N+ 掺雜區域1116及發射極區域112〇的摻雜濃度爲每立方公分 至少1E 19個原子,以允許形成歐姆接觸點。形成p型摻雜區 域’以建P摻雜區域的非活性或非本質基極區域1丨1 8 ( 掺雜濃度爲每立方公分至少1E 19個原子)。 在所説明的具體實施例中,已實行數項處理步驟,但是 有一些步驟無圖解或進一步説明,諸如形成井區域、門限 調整植入、通道穿通阻植入、場穿通阻植入及各種遮罩層 。到目前爲止,方法中使用傳統步驟來形成裝置。如上文 所述,MOS區域1〇26内已形成標準N通道MOS電晶體,並 且雙極性部分1024内已形成垂直式NPN雙極性電晶體。到 目前爲止,組合物半導體部分1〇22内尚未形成任何電路元 件。 -25- 本紙張尺度適用中國國豕標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公爱) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -I ·1111111 ·1111111. 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 發明說明(23) 現在,從組合物丰道蝴r ; \ 山 初千寸肢郅分1022的表面移除 之雙極性及MOS部分古、本如σ日 ^缸私路 ^万去期間已形成的所有層。以此方式 k供裸m以利於進行部分的後續處理,例如,用如 上文所述的方法。 然後’在基材U〇上形成容納緩衝層124,如圖8所示。所 >成,合緩衝層將作爲邵分1〇22中適當準備之裸梦表面 上的早晶層。然而’在部分1G24及W26上形成的層124部分 可能是多晶體或非結晶,這是因爲這是在非單晶材料上形 成,因此,不會集結單晶生長所致。容納緩衝層η#通常是 單晶氧化金屬或氮化金屬層,並且其厚度大約在2nm到⑽ 毫微米(urn)的範圍内。在一項特定具體實施例中,容納緩 衝層厚度大約是5到15 nm。於形成容納緩衝層期間,會沿 著積體電路102最上面的矽表面上形成非結晶中間層122。 非結晶中間層122通常包括氧化矽,並且其厚度大約是丨到5 nm。在一項特疋具體實施例中,非結晶中間層厚度大約是 2 nm。在形成容納緩衝層124及非結晶中間層122後,然後 形成模板層126 ,模板層的厚度大約在材料的丨到丨〇層單分 子層範圍内。在一項特定具體實施例中,材料包括鈦^中、 鳃-氧-坤,或是如上文參考圖丨到5所述的其他類似材料。 然後,磊晶生長單晶組合物半導體材料層丨3 2,以覆蓋容 納緩衝層124的單晶部分,如圖9所示。在非單晶層ι24部分 上生長的層132部分可能是多晶體或非結晶。可藉由數種方 式來形成單晶組合物半導體層,並且通常包括諸如绅化鎵 、碎化銦链、嶙化銦或如上文所述的其他組合物半導體材 -26- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) ----裝-----:--- 訂---I----- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 483050 A7 —---------B7_______ 五、發明說明(24 ) — ' 料。層的厚度大約在1 nm到5,000 範圍内,並且最好 是大約100 nm到500 nm的厚度。在此項特定具體實施$中 ,模板層内的每個元件也會出現在容納緩衝芦丨 曰 早卵組 奋物半導體材料132,或兩者中。因此,於處理期間,模板 層126與其兩層緊鄰層之間輪廓消失。因此,當拍攝透射式 電子顯微鏡(transmission electron micr〇sc〇py; tem)照片 時,可能看到介於容納缓衝層124與單晶組合物半導體材料 層132間的界面。 此時,將移除位於覆蓋雙極性部分1〇24與]^〇8部分1〇26 之部分的組合物半導體層132及容納缓衝層124的區段,如 圖ίο所示。移除此區段後,接著在基材110上形成隔離層142 。隔離層142可包含一些材料,諸如,氧化物、氮化物、氮 氧化物、低k電介質等等。在本文中,低具有低於大約 3.5電介質常數的材料。沈積隔離層i 42後,接著拋光、移 除覆盖單晶組合物半導體層13 2的隔離層14 2部分。 然後’在單晶組合物半導體部分1〇22内形成電晶體144 。然後’在單晶組合物半導體層132内形成閘電極148。然 後’在早晶組合物半導體層132内形成掺雜區域146。在此 項具體實施例中,電晶體144,是金屬半導體場效電晶體 (metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor ; MESFET)。如 果MESFET是η型MESFET,則摻雜區域146及單晶組合物半 導體層132也是η型摻雜式。如果要形成ρ型meSFET,則摻 雜區域146及單晶組合物半導體層132是相反的掺雜型。重 摻雜(Ν + )區域146允許製作單晶組合物半導體層部分132的 •27- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公爱)------ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝 訂-------- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 483050 A7 __B7_ 五、發明說明(25 ) 歐姆接觸點。此類,已形成積體電路内的主動裝置。此項 特定具體實施例包括η型MESFET、垂直式NPN雙極性電晶 體及平面Ν通道MOS電晶體。可使用許多其他類型的電晶 體,包括Ρ通道MOS電晶體、ρ型垂直式雙極性電晶體、ρ 型MESFET及垂直式暨平面電晶體的組合。再次,一個或一 個以上的部分1022、1024及1026中可形成其他的電子組件 ,諸如電阻器、電容器、二極體等等。 繼續處理,以形成實質上完整的積體電路102,如圖11 所示。在基材110上形成隔離層152。隔離層152可包括蝕刻 終止或拋光終止區域,圖11中未顯示。然後,在第一隔離 層152上形成第二隔離層154。移除層154、152、142、124 及122部分,以確定接觸點開孔的界限,用以交接裝置。在 隔離層154内形成交接溝槽,以提供接觸點間的橫向連接。 如圖1 1所示,交接1562將部分1022内的η型MESFET源極或 汲極區域連接到雙極性部分1024内之NPN電晶體的深層集 電極區域1108。將NPN電晶體的發射極區域1120連接到 MOS部分1026内之N通道MOS電晶體之摻雜區域1116的其 中一區。將其他的摻雜區域1116電子連接到圖中未顯示之 積體電路的其他部分。 在交接1562、1564暨1566及隔離層154上形成鈍化層156 。製作如圖所示之電晶體的其他連接,並製作積體電路1 〇2 内其他的電氣或電子組件,但圖中未顯示。另外,若需要 ,可形成額外隔離層及交接,以形成積體電路102内各種組 件間的適當交接。 •28- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) · H·· _1 «1 n tKm ϋ I 一 口,I n n mm§§ 11 n i 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 483050 A7 _B7___ 五、發明說明(26 ) 從前面的具體實施例可得知,可將組合物半導體及第IV 半導體材料的主動裝置集成到單一積體電路中。因爲在同 一積體電路内併入雙極性電晶體及MOS電晶體存在一些困 難,所以可將雙極性部分内的某些組件移到组合物半導體 部分1022或MOS部分1024中。具體而言,請重新參考圖6 所示的具體實施例,可將放大器10248及10242移到組合物 半導體部分1022中,而將轉換器10244及10246移到MOS部 分1026中。因此,需要特殊的製造步驟,以排除雙極性電 晶體。因此,積體電路内只有組合物半導體部分及MOS部 分0 在還有另一項具體實施例中,可形成一種積體電路,該 積體電路包含位於組合物半導體部分中的光雷射,以及光 交接(波導),以連接到同一積體電路之第IV族半導體區域 内的MOS部分。圖12到18顯示一項具體實施例的圖式。 圖12顯示包括單晶矽晶圓161之積體電路160—部分的斷 面圖。晶圓161上已形成非結晶中間層162及容納緩衝層164 ,類似於上文所述。在此項特定具體實施例中,會先形成 要形成光雷射所需的層,之後形成要形成MOS電晶體所需 的層。在圖12中,上半部鏡射層166包含組合物半導體材料 的間隔層。例如,光雷射内的第一、第三及第五膜可包含 諸如坤化鎵之類的材料,而下半部鏡射層166内的第二、第 四及第六膜可包含坤化鋁鎵,反之亦然。層168包含用來產 生光子的活性區域。形成上半部鏡射層1 70的方法類似於形 成下半部鏡射層166的方法,並且包含組合物半導體材料的 -29- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
483050 A7 五、發明說明(27 ) 間隔膜。在一項特定具體實施例 是P型掺雜組合物半導體材科, 射層170可能 型摻雜組合物半導體材料。 °"兄射層166可能是η 在上半部鏡射層170上形成另_麻— 、 另 層谷納緩衝層172,其類 似於谷納緩衝層164。在一項巷你 ^杳代具胆^施例中,容納緩衝 層164及172可能包含不同的材 竹竹。然而,容納緩衝層164 及172的功能實質上相同,因 犮啊曰 馬都疋用來製作組合物半導體 層與单晶第IV族半導體層間的鏟 f把曰间的轉換。在容 成單晶第IV族半導體層1?4。在一 衡曰 上形 曰口弟IV族半導體層1 74包含鍺 ϋ鳍矽鍺、碳化矽鍺等等。 在圖U中,將處理刪部分,以形成位於此 第IV族半導體層174内的電子 ^ " J %于組件。如圖13所示,從層174 的邵分形成場隔離區域171。層m上形成閘電介質層173 ;8^ f ^ 173" ^ ^ ^ !77^ t ,,,, 源極、没極或源/;;及極區域,如圖所示。在鄰接問電 極175的垂直面形成側壁間隔179。可在層η#的至少一部分 内製作其他的組件。這些其他的組件包括其他的電晶體化 通迢或P通道)、電容器、電晶體、二極體等等。 在摻雜區域177的其中一區上磊晶生長單晶第IV族半導 ^ ^上半邓分184是P +摻雜,而下半部分182實質上維持 本貝(未摻雜),如圖13所示。可使用選擇性磊晶方法式形 成孩層。在—項具體實施例中,在電晶體181及場隔離區域 1上形成隔離層(圖中未顯示)。製作隔離層的圖樣,以確 定用來暴露摻雜區域177之其中一區的開孔界限。至少一開 -30- 訂 % 濟 部 智 慧 財 員 工 消 費 合 社 印 製 度適用規格⑵0 X 297公釐 483050 A7 五、發明說明(28 ) 始,先形成不含掺雜物的選擇性蓋晶層。整個 層可能是本質’或是在選擇性暴晶層形成接近 ^ 型捧雜物。如果選擇性羞晶層是本質,當形成時時可加入: 植入或藉由炫爐摻雜來形絲摻雜步驟。無論 ^ = 接著都會移除隔離層,以形成如_i3所示的 執行下-組步驟,以確定光雷射180的界限,如圖μ所于 。移除位於積體電路之組合物半導體部分上的場隔離區域 ⑺及容納緩衝層m。執行額外的步驟,以確定光雷射18〇 <上半邵鏡射層17〇及活性層168的界限。上半部鏡射層no 及活性層16S的側邊實質上相接。 曰 形成接觸點i 8 6及i 8 8 ’以製作分別連接到上半部鏡射層 170及下半部鏡射層166的電子接觸點,如圖14所示。接: 點186爲環狀,以許光(光子)通過上半部鏡射層17〇進入後 續形成的光波導。 然後形成並製作隔離層19〇的圖樣,以確定延伸到接觸點 層186及摻雜區域177之其中一區之光開孔的界限,如圖Η 所示。隔離材料可能是任何不同的數種材料,包括氧化物 、氮化物、氮氧化物、低k電介質或任何組合。在確定開孔 192的界限後,接著在開孔内形成較高折射率材料2〇2,並 將其填入並沈積於位於隔離層190上的層,如圖16所示。關 於較高折射率材料202,其中「較高」係相對於隔離層19〇 的材料(即,材料202的折射率高於隔離層19〇的折射率)。 視需要而定,在形成較高折射率材料2〇2之前,可先形成相 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) i裝--------訂--------- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -31- 483050 A7
當薄的較低折射率膜(圖中未顯示)。然後,在較高折射率 材料202上形成硬遮罩層2〇4。移除覆蓋開孔到接近圖μ側 邊範圍之_分上的硬遮罩層2〇4部》及較高折射率材料2〇2 〇 完成作爲光交接之光波導形成的平衡,如圖17所示。執 行沈積程序(可能是沈積-蝕刻方法),以有效建立侧壁區段 2 12。在此項具體實施例,製成側壁區段2 12所使用的材料 與材料202相同。然後,移除硬遮罩層2〇4,並在較高折射 率材料212及202上形成較低折射率材料214(相對於材料 202及層212的低折射率),並暴露隔離層19〇的部分。圖17 中的虛線描繪出較高折射率材料2 12及202間的邊界。此項 命名疋用來識別以相同材料所製成,但在不同時間形成。 繼績處理’以形成實質上完整的積體電路,如圖丨8所示 。然後,在光雷射180及MOSFET電晶體181上形成鈍化層 220。雖然圖中未顯示,但是可在積體電路内製作其他的電 子或光學連接’而圖18中未顯示。這些連接可包括其他的 光波導或可包括金屬交接。 在其他具體實施例中,可形成其他類型的雷射。例如, 另一種雷射類型可放射水平光(光子),而不是放射垂直光 。如果放射水平光,則可在基材161内形成MOSFET電晶體 ,並將重新配置光波導,使雷射能夠適當耦合(光連接)到 電晶體。在一項特定具體實施例中,光波導可包括容納緩 衝層的至少一部分。可能使用其他的組態配置。 顯然地,這些具有組合物半導體部分及第IV族半導體部 -32- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -----:----訂---------線邊 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 483050 A7 _B7___ 五、發明說明(3〇 ) 分的積體電路具體實施例都是用來解説本發明具體實施例 ,而不是用來限制本發明。尚有其他組合的多樣性及本發 明的其他具體實施例。例如,組合物半導體部分可包括發 光二極體、光檢測器、二極體等等,而第IV族半導體可包 括數位邏輯、記憶體陣列以及可在傳統MOS積體電路上形 成的大部分結構。藉由運用本發明的具體實施例,現在更 容易合併適合用組合物半導體材料運作的裝置與適合用第 IV族半導體材料運作的其他組件。如此可縮小裝置、降低 製造成本並增加良率及可靠度。 雖然未説明,但是在晶圓上只形成組合物半導體電子組 件的過程中,可使用單晶第IV族晶圓。在此方法中,晶圓 實質上是在製造用來覆蓋晶圓之單晶組合物半導體層内的 组合物半導體電子組件的期間所使用的「處理」晶圓。因 此,可在直徑至少約200毫米且可能是至少約300毫米之晶 圓上的第III-V或II-VI族半導體材料内形成電子組件。 藉由使用此類型基材,相當低價的「處理」晶圓克服組 合物半導體晶圓的易碎性質^其方式是將此類晶圓放置在 相對更耐用且容易製造的基礎材料上。因此,可形成一種 積體電路,以便能夠在組合物半導體材料内形成所有的電 子組件,尤其是所有的主動式電子組件,即使基材本可包 括第IV族半導體材料。與相對小型且更易碎、傳統的組合 物半導體晶圓相比,因爲能夠以更經濟且更容易的方式來 處理大型基材,所以可降低組合物半導體裝置的製造成本 -33- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ·ϋ ϋ ϋ 1_1 ϋ 1_1 一δ,τ · ϋ ϋ ϋ ·ϋ ^1 n · A7 -----------B7 五、發明說明(31 ) 於前面的説明金φ,p 4 土 、 曰中已參考特足具體實施例來説明本發 明0然而,熟知技蓺人丰虛 "士尤明白本發明的各種修改並且容 易修改:而不會脱離如下文中申請專利範例所提供之本發 明的㈣與精神。0此,説明書暨附圖應視爲解説,而不 應視爲限制,並且所有此類的修改皆屬本發明範疇内。 已説月關於特定具體實施例的優勢、其他優點及問題解 決方案。但是,可導致任何優勢、優點及解決方案發生或 更顯著的優勢、優點、問題解決方案及任何元件不應被理 解爲任何或所有申請專利範例的關鍵、必要項或基本功能 或元件。本文中所使用的術語「包括」、「包含」或其任 何其他的變化都是用來涵蓋非專有内含項,使彳^包括元件 清單的方法、方法、物品或裝置不僅包括這些元件,而且 還包括未明確列出或此類方法、方法、物品或裝置原有的 其他元件。 ^ (請先閱讀背面之注音?事項再填寫本頁) 裝-----r---訂--------- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 4- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐)

Claims (1)

  1. A8 B8 C8 D8 六 申請專利範圍 i·種半導體結構,包括: 一單晶矽基材; 一非晶氧化物材料,以覆蓋該單晶矽基材; 一單晶舞欽礦氧化物材料,以覆蓋該非晶氧化物材申 ;以及 一單晶組合物半導體材料,以覆蓋該單晶鈣鈦礦氧>π 物材料。 2.如申4專利範園第i項之半導體結構,其中該單晶矽』 材係以(100)方向定位。 3· 2申请專利範圍第丨項之半導體結構,該半導體結構幻 步匕括介於該單晶鈣鈥礦氧化物材料與該單曰 合物半導體材料之間形成的模板層。 I、 4. ^申4專利範圍第巧之半導體結構,該半導體結構^ 一步包括一介於該單晶鈣鈦礦氧化物材料與該 :物半導體材料之間形成的單晶半導體材料的缓:: 5·如申請專利範圍第4項之半導體結構,該半導體 一步包括一介於該單晶約鈇礦 ^ 料之間形成的模板層。化物材科與i緩衝対 6· 利範圍第4項之半導體結構,其中該緩衝材料 =自由下列所组成的群組:錯、一GaAsn^, 其中X値介於範圍内,—InyGaiyP超晶格, 介於0到1範圍内。 乂値 7.如申請專利範圍第”頁之半導體結構,丨中該單 -----------^--------訂--------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -35- 483050 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 礦氧化物材料係選自由下列所組成的群組:鹼土金屬鈦 酸鹽、鹼土金屬锆酸鹽、鹼土金屬铪酸鹽、鹼土金屬鈕 酉^鹽、驗土金屬釕酸鹽、驗土金屬說酸鹽、驗土金屬訊 酸鹽、驗土金屬錫基鈣鈦礦(alkaline earth metal tin-based perovskite) 、 鹼 土金屬 鋁酸鹽 及氧化 鑭钪。 8·如申請專利範圍第1項之半導體結構,其中該單晶鈣鈦 礦氧化物材料包括Sr/BaMTiC^,其中z値介於0到1範圍 内0 9·如申請專利範圍第1項之半導體結構,其中該單晶組合 物半導體材料係選自由下列所組成的群組:ΠΙ-V族組合 物、混合III-V族組合物、11_\^族組合物及混合n-VI族 組合物。 10·如申請專利範圍第1項之半導體結構,其中該單晶組合 物半導體材料係選自由下列所組成的群組:GaAs、 AlGaAs、InP、InGaAs、InGaP、ZnSe、AlInAs、CdS、 CdHgTe及 ZnSeS 〇 11. 一種半導體結構,包括: 一單晶基材,其特徵在於一第一晶格常數; 一覆蓋該單晶基材的單晶隔離層,該單晶隔離層具有 一不同於該第一晶格常數的第二晶格常數; 一介於該單晶基材與該單晶隔離層之間的非晶氧化 物層;以及 一覆蓋該單晶隔離層的單晶組合物半導體層,該單晶 組合物半導體層具有一不同於該第一晶格常數的第三 -36- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) Θ裝·-- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂·
    經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 483050 A8 B8 C8 _____ D8 六、申請專利範圍 晶格常數; 其中該第二晶格常數係選自下列其中一項: 等於該第三晶格常數;以及 介於該第一與該第三晶格常數之間的中間値。 12·如申請專利範圍第丨丨項之半導體結構,其中該單晶基材 係以(10 0 )方向定位。 13·如申請專利範圍第i i項之半導體結構,其中該非晶氧化 物層的厚度足以減緩該單晶隔離層的應變。 14·如申請專利範圍第11項之半導體結構,該半導體結構進 一步包括一介於該單晶隔離層與該單晶組合物半導體 層之間的模板層。 15·如申請專利範圍第11項之半導體結構,該半導體結構進 一步包括一介於該單晶隔離層與該單晶組合物半導體 層之間的緩衝層。 16·如申請專利範圍第11項之半導體結構,其中該單晶基材 的特徵在於一第一晶體方向,以及該單晶隔離層的特徵 在於一第二晶體方向,其中該第二晶體方向係相對於該 第一晶體方向旋轉。 17·如申請專利範圍第i i項之半導體結構,其中該單晶基材 包含矽。 18·如申請專利範圍第丨丨項之半導體結構,其中該單晶基材 包括一包含矽的材料,該單晶隔離層包括一鹼土金屬鈦 酸鹽,該單晶組合物半導體材料包括一選自由下列所組 成的群組的材料:GaAs、AlGaAs、ZnSe及ZnSeS。 -37- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 χ 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 装------- 訂---------線! 483050 A8B8C8D8 六、申請專利範圍 19·如申請專利範圍第18項之半導體結構,其中該單晶隔離 層包括SrzBa^zTiO3,其中z値介於0到1範圍内。 20·如申請專利範圍第丨丨項之半導體結構,其中該單晶隔離 層包括一選自由鹼土金屬锆酸鹽與鹼土金屬铪酸鹽所 組成之群組的氧化物,並且,該單晶組合物半導體$料 包括一選自由下列所組成的群組的材料:inP& InGaP。 f請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝--------訂---------線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -38- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
TW090102847A 2000-02-10 2001-02-09 Semiconductor structure TW483050B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/502,023 US6392257B1 (en) 2000-02-10 2000-02-10 Semiconductor structure, semiconductor device, communicating device, integrated circuit, and process for fabricating the same

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
TW483050B true TW483050B (en) 2002-04-11

Family

ID=23995993

Family Applications (6)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
TW090102854A TWI235491B (en) 2000-02-10 2001-02-09 Integrated circuit
TW090102847A TW483050B (en) 2000-02-10 2001-02-09 Semiconductor structure
TW090102848A TW487969B (en) 2000-02-10 2001-02-09 Semiconductor structure
TW090102845A TW494450B (en) 2000-02-10 2001-02-09 Communicating device
TW090102850A TWI301292B (en) 2000-02-10 2001-02-09 Semiconductor device
TW090102846A TW497152B (en) 2000-02-10 2001-02-09 A process for forming a semiconductor structure

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
TW090102854A TWI235491B (en) 2000-02-10 2001-02-09 Integrated circuit

Family Applications After (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
TW090102848A TW487969B (en) 2000-02-10 2001-02-09 Semiconductor structure
TW090102845A TW494450B (en) 2000-02-10 2001-02-09 Communicating device
TW090102850A TWI301292B (en) 2000-02-10 2001-02-09 Semiconductor device
TW090102846A TW497152B (en) 2000-02-10 2001-02-09 A process for forming a semiconductor structure

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (9) US6392257B1 (zh)
EP (5) EP1258031A1 (zh)
JP (5) JP2003523081A (zh)
KR (5) KR20020077678A (zh)
CN (5) CN1398430A (zh)
AU (7) AU2001234993A1 (zh)
CA (2) CA2399394A1 (zh)
TW (6) TWI235491B (zh)
WO (7) WO2001059814A2 (zh)

Families Citing this family (141)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19942692B4 (de) * 1999-09-07 2007-04-12 Infineon Technologies Ag Optoelektronische Mikroelektronikanordnung
US6693033B2 (en) * 2000-02-10 2004-02-17 Motorola, Inc. Method of removing an amorphous oxide from a monocrystalline surface
US20020030246A1 (en) * 2000-06-28 2002-03-14 Motorola, Inc. Structure and method for fabricating semiconductor structures and devices not lattice matched to the substrate
AU2001264987A1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2002-01-14 Motorola, Inc., A Corporation Of The State Of Delware Hybrid semiconductor structure and device
US6590236B1 (en) * 2000-07-24 2003-07-08 Motorola, Inc. Semiconductor structure for use with high-frequency signals
AU2001276964A1 (en) * 2000-07-24 2002-02-05 Motorola, Inc. Integrated radiation emitting system and process for fabricating same
US6555946B1 (en) 2000-07-24 2003-04-29 Motorola, Inc. Acoustic wave device and process for forming the same
EP1350290B1 (en) * 2000-08-04 2006-11-22 Amberwave Systems Corporation Silicon wafer with embedded optoelectronic material for monolithic oeic
US7273657B2 (en) * 2000-08-08 2007-09-25 Translucent Photonics, Inc. Rare earth-oxides, rare earth-nitrides, rare earth-phosphides and ternary alloys with silicon
US6638838B1 (en) 2000-10-02 2003-10-28 Motorola, Inc. Semiconductor structure including a partially annealed layer and method of forming the same
AU2001294601A1 (en) * 2000-10-19 2002-04-29 Motorola, Inc. Biochip excitation and analysis structure
US7065124B2 (en) * 2000-11-28 2006-06-20 Finlsar Corporation Electron affinity engineered VCSELs
US6905900B1 (en) * 2000-11-28 2005-06-14 Finisar Corporation Versatile method and system for single mode VCSELs
US6563118B2 (en) * 2000-12-08 2003-05-13 Motorola, Inc. Pyroelectric device on a monocrystalline semiconductor substrate and process for fabricating same
US6589335B2 (en) * 2001-02-08 2003-07-08 Amberwave Systems Corporation Relaxed InxGa1-xAs layers integrated with Si
US6673646B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2004-01-06 Motorola, Inc. Growth of compound semiconductor structures on patterned oxide films and process for fabricating same
US20020140012A1 (en) * 2001-03-30 2002-10-03 Motorola, Inc. Semiconductor structures and devices for detecting far-infrared light and methods for fabricating same
US6594409B2 (en) * 2001-04-18 2003-07-15 Apic Corporation WDM transmitter or receiver including an array waveguide grating and active optical elements
US20020163010A1 (en) * 2001-05-04 2002-11-07 Motorola, Inc. Wide bandgap semiconductor structure, semiconductor device including the structure, and methods of forming the structure and device
US20020175347A1 (en) * 2001-05-22 2002-11-28 Motorola, Inc. Hybrid semiconductor input/output structure
US20020179957A1 (en) * 2001-05-29 2002-12-05 Motorola, Inc. Structure and method for fabricating high Q varactor diodes
US20020182762A1 (en) * 2001-05-30 2002-12-05 Motorola Inc. Direct conversion/sampling at antenna
US20020181827A1 (en) * 2001-06-01 2002-12-05 Motorola, Inc. Optically-communicating integrated circuits
US7037862B2 (en) * 2001-06-13 2006-05-02 Micron Technology, Inc. Dielectric layer forming method and devices formed therewith
US20020195599A1 (en) * 2001-06-20 2002-12-26 Motorola, Inc. Low-defect semiconductor structure, device including the structure and method for fabricating structure and device
US6709989B2 (en) 2001-06-21 2004-03-23 Motorola, Inc. Method for fabricating a semiconductor structure including a metal oxide interface with silicon
US20030012965A1 (en) * 2001-07-10 2003-01-16 Motorola, Inc. Structure and method for fabricating semiconductor structures and devices utilizing the formation of a compliant substrate comprising an oxygen-doped compound semiconductor layer
US20030013219A1 (en) * 2001-07-13 2003-01-16 Motorola, Inc. Structure and method for fabricating semiconductor structures and devices utilizing electro-optic structures
US6992321B2 (en) * 2001-07-13 2006-01-31 Motorola, Inc. Structure and method for fabricating semiconductor structures and devices utilizing piezoelectric materials
US20030015767A1 (en) * 2001-07-17 2003-01-23 Motorola, Inc. Structure and method for fabricating semiconductor structures and devices with integrated control components
US6646293B2 (en) 2001-07-18 2003-11-11 Motorola, Inc. Structure for fabricating high electron mobility transistors utilizing the formation of complaint substrates
US20030015134A1 (en) * 2001-07-18 2003-01-23 Motorola, Inc. Semiconductor structure for edge mounting applications and process for fabrication
US6693298B2 (en) 2001-07-20 2004-02-17 Motorola, Inc. Structure and method for fabricating epitaxial semiconductor on insulator (SOI) structures and devices utilizing the formation of a compliant substrate for materials used to form same
US20030020144A1 (en) * 2001-07-24 2003-01-30 Motorola, Inc. Integrated communications apparatus and method
US20030020071A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2003-01-30 Motorola, Inc. Integral semiconductor apparatus for conducting a plurality of functions
US20030021538A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2003-01-30 Motorola, Inc. Structure and method for fabricating semiconductor structures and devices utilizing optical waveguides
US6667196B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2003-12-23 Motorola, Inc. Method for real-time monitoring and controlling perovskite oxide film growth and semiconductor structure formed using the method
US20030020090A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2003-01-30 Motorola, Inc. Structure including both compound semiconductor devices and silicon devices for optimal performance and function and method for fabricating the structure
US6589856B2 (en) 2001-08-06 2003-07-08 Motorola, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling anti-phase domains in semiconductor structures and devices
US6639249B2 (en) 2001-08-06 2003-10-28 Motorola, Inc. Structure and method for fabrication for a solid-state lighting device
US20030034491A1 (en) * 2001-08-14 2003-02-20 Motorola, Inc. Structure and method for fabricating semiconductor structures and devices for detecting an object
US6673667B2 (en) 2001-08-15 2004-01-06 Motorola, Inc. Method for manufacturing a substantially integral monolithic apparatus including a plurality of semiconductor materials
US8026161B2 (en) 2001-08-30 2011-09-27 Micron Technology, Inc. Highly reliable amorphous high-K gate oxide ZrO2
JP4543162B2 (ja) * 2001-09-05 2010-09-15 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 ZnOSSe混晶半導体
DE50106925D1 (de) * 2001-10-15 2005-09-01 Infineon Technologies Ag Laserdiodeneinheit und anordnung zum betreiben einer laserdiode
US20030071327A1 (en) * 2001-10-17 2003-04-17 Motorola, Inc. Method and apparatus utilizing monocrystalline insulator
US6737339B2 (en) * 2001-10-24 2004-05-18 Agere Systems Inc. Semiconductor device having a doped lattice matching layer and a method of manufacture therefor
WO2003038878A2 (en) * 2001-10-26 2003-05-08 Motorola Inc. Method for fabricating semiconductor structures
US6893984B2 (en) * 2002-02-20 2005-05-17 Micron Technology Inc. Evaporated LaA1O3 films for gate dielectrics
US6872252B2 (en) * 2002-03-06 2005-03-29 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Lead-based perovskite buffer for forming indium phosphide on silicon
US6815248B2 (en) * 2002-04-18 2004-11-09 Infineon Technologies Ag Material combinations for tunnel junction cap layer, tunnel junction hard mask and tunnel junction stack seed layer in MRAM processing
US7160577B2 (en) 2002-05-02 2007-01-09 Micron Technology, Inc. Methods for atomic-layer deposition of aluminum oxides in integrated circuits
EP1359614A1 (en) * 2002-05-02 2003-11-05 Agilent Technologies, Inc. - a Delaware corporation - Semiconductor substrates and structures with an oxide layer
US6916717B2 (en) * 2002-05-03 2005-07-12 Motorola, Inc. Method for growing a monocrystalline oxide layer and for fabricating a semiconductor device on a monocrystalline substrate
US6884739B2 (en) * 2002-08-15 2005-04-26 Micron Technology Inc. Lanthanide doped TiOx dielectric films by plasma oxidation
US7608927B2 (en) * 2002-08-29 2009-10-27 Micron Technology, Inc. Localized biasing for silicon on insulator structures
US6965626B2 (en) * 2002-09-03 2005-11-15 Finisar Corporation Single mode VCSEL
US6791125B2 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-09-14 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Semiconductor device structures which utilize metal sulfides
JP2004158717A (ja) * 2002-11-07 2004-06-03 Fujitsu Ltd 薄膜積層体、その薄膜積層体を用いた電子装置及びアクチュエータ、並びにアクチュエータの製造方法
US6813293B2 (en) * 2002-11-21 2004-11-02 Finisar Corporation Long wavelength VCSEL with tunnel junction, and implant
US6806202B2 (en) 2002-12-03 2004-10-19 Motorola, Inc. Method of removing silicon oxide from a surface of a substrate
US6770504B2 (en) * 2003-01-06 2004-08-03 Honeywell International Inc. Methods and structure for improving wafer bow control
US6890816B2 (en) * 2003-02-07 2005-05-10 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Compound semiconductor structure including an epitaxial perovskite layer and method for fabricating semiconductor structures and devices
US7026690B2 (en) * 2003-02-12 2006-04-11 Micron Technology, Inc. Memory devices and electronic systems comprising integrated bipolar and FET devices
JP2004273562A (ja) * 2003-03-05 2004-09-30 Seiko Epson Corp 発光素子およびその製造方法
US7135369B2 (en) 2003-03-31 2006-11-14 Micron Technology, Inc. Atomic layer deposited ZrAlxOy dielectric layers including Zr4AlO9
US7183186B2 (en) 2003-04-22 2007-02-27 Micro Technology, Inc. Atomic layer deposited ZrTiO4 films
US20040222363A1 (en) * 2003-05-07 2004-11-11 Honeywell International Inc. Connectorized optical component misalignment detection system
WO2004109775A2 (en) * 2003-06-03 2004-12-16 The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York Formation of highly dislocation free compound semiconductor on a lattice mismatched substrate
US8889530B2 (en) * 2003-06-03 2014-11-18 The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York Formation of highly dislocation free compound semiconductor on a lattice mismatched substrate
US20040247250A1 (en) * 2003-06-03 2004-12-09 Honeywell International Inc. Integrated sleeve pluggable package
JP4663216B2 (ja) * 2003-06-10 2011-04-06 ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 半導体記憶装置およびその製造方法
US7277461B2 (en) * 2003-06-27 2007-10-02 Finisar Corporation Dielectric VCSEL gain guide
US7075962B2 (en) * 2003-06-27 2006-07-11 Finisar Corporation VCSEL having thermal management
US6961489B2 (en) * 2003-06-30 2005-11-01 Finisar Corporation High speed optical system
US7149383B2 (en) * 2003-06-30 2006-12-12 Finisar Corporation Optical system with reduced back reflection
US20060056762A1 (en) * 2003-07-02 2006-03-16 Honeywell International Inc. Lens optical coupler
US7210857B2 (en) * 2003-07-16 2007-05-01 Finisar Corporation Optical coupling system
US20050013539A1 (en) * 2003-07-17 2005-01-20 Honeywell International Inc. Optical coupling system
JP4689153B2 (ja) * 2003-07-18 2011-05-25 株式会社リコー 積層基体および半導体デバイス
US6887801B2 (en) * 2003-07-18 2005-05-03 Finisar Corporation Edge bead control method and apparatus
US7031363B2 (en) * 2003-10-29 2006-04-18 Finisar Corporation Long wavelength VCSEL device processing
US7135753B2 (en) * 2003-12-05 2006-11-14 International Rectifier Corporation Structure and method for III-nitride monolithic power IC
GB0405325D0 (en) * 2004-03-10 2004-04-21 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Trench-gate transistors and their manufacture
JP4874527B2 (ja) * 2004-04-01 2012-02-15 トヨタ自動車株式会社 炭化珪素半導体基板及びその製造方法
CN100492668C (zh) * 2004-05-25 2009-05-27 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 一系列半导体材料
CN100485867C (zh) * 2004-07-20 2009-05-06 中国科学院物理研究所 在硅衬底上外延生长有铝酸镧薄膜材料及制备方法
US7601649B2 (en) 2004-08-02 2009-10-13 Micron Technology, Inc. Zirconium-doped tantalum oxide films
US7081421B2 (en) 2004-08-26 2006-07-25 Micron Technology, Inc. Lanthanide oxide dielectric layer
US7588988B2 (en) 2004-08-31 2009-09-15 Micron Technology, Inc. Method of forming apparatus having oxide films formed using atomic layer deposition
US7494939B2 (en) 2004-08-31 2009-02-24 Micron Technology, Inc. Methods for forming a lanthanum-metal oxide dielectric layer
US7309660B2 (en) * 2004-09-16 2007-12-18 International Business Machines Corporation Buffer layer for selective SiGe growth for uniform nucleation
US7560395B2 (en) 2005-01-05 2009-07-14 Micron Technology, Inc. Atomic layer deposited hafnium tantalum oxide dielectrics
US7217643B2 (en) * 2005-02-24 2007-05-15 Freescale Semiconductors, Inc. Semiconductor structures and methods for fabricating semiconductor structures comprising high dielectric constant stacked structures
JP4876418B2 (ja) * 2005-03-29 2012-02-15 富士電機株式会社 半導体装置
US7687409B2 (en) 2005-03-29 2010-03-30 Micron Technology, Inc. Atomic layer deposited titanium silicon oxide films
US7662729B2 (en) 2005-04-28 2010-02-16 Micron Technology, Inc. Atomic layer deposition of a ruthenium layer to a lanthanide oxide dielectric layer
US7390756B2 (en) * 2005-04-28 2008-06-24 Micron Technology, Inc. Atomic layer deposited zirconium silicon oxide films
US7572695B2 (en) 2005-05-27 2009-08-11 Micron Technology, Inc. Hafnium titanium oxide films
US7927948B2 (en) 2005-07-20 2011-04-19 Micron Technology, Inc. Devices with nanocrystals and methods of formation
US7575978B2 (en) 2005-08-04 2009-08-18 Micron Technology, Inc. Method for making conductive nanoparticle charge storage element
US7989290B2 (en) 2005-08-04 2011-08-02 Micron Technology, Inc. Methods for forming rhodium-based charge traps and apparatus including rhodium-based charge traps
WO2007025062A2 (en) * 2005-08-25 2007-03-01 Wakonda Technologies, Inc. Photovoltaic template
US7410910B2 (en) 2005-08-31 2008-08-12 Micron Technology, Inc. Lanthanum aluminum oxynitride dielectric films
WO2007053686A2 (en) * 2005-11-01 2007-05-10 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Monolithically integrated semiconductor materials and devices
US7410859B1 (en) * 2005-11-07 2008-08-12 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Stressed MOS device and method for its fabrication
US7700423B2 (en) * 2006-07-28 2010-04-20 Iqe Rf, Llc Process for manufacturing epitaxial wafers for integrated devices on a common compound semiconductor III-V wafer
US7588951B2 (en) * 2006-11-17 2009-09-15 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Method of packaging a semiconductor device and a prefabricated connector
US7696016B2 (en) * 2006-11-17 2010-04-13 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Method of packaging a device having a tangible element and device thereof
US7807511B2 (en) * 2006-11-17 2010-10-05 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Method of packaging a device having a multi-contact elastomer connector contact area and device thereof
US20080119004A1 (en) * 2006-11-17 2008-05-22 Burch Kenneth R Method of packaging a device having a keypad switch point
JP2011503847A (ja) * 2007-11-02 2011-01-27 ワコンダ テクノロジーズ, インコーポレイテッド 結晶質薄膜光起電力構造およびその形成方法
US20090261346A1 (en) * 2008-04-16 2009-10-22 Ding-Yuan Chen Integrating CMOS and Optical Devices on a Same Chip
US8236603B1 (en) 2008-09-04 2012-08-07 Solexant Corp. Polycrystalline semiconductor layers and methods for forming the same
US8093559B1 (en) * 2008-12-02 2012-01-10 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Methods and apparatus for three-color infrared sensors
WO2010088366A1 (en) * 2009-01-28 2010-08-05 Wakonda Technologies, Inc. Large-grain crystalline thin-film structures and devices and methods for forming the same
CN101840971B (zh) * 2009-03-17 2012-09-05 展晶科技(深圳)有限公司 一种发光二极管及其制造方法
US8897470B2 (en) * 2009-07-31 2014-11-25 Macronix International Co., Ltd. Method of fabricating integrated semiconductor device with MOS, NPN BJT, LDMOS, pre-amplifier and MEMS unit
KR102462043B1 (ko) 2009-10-16 2022-11-03 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 켄큐쇼 반도체 장치
DE102009051521B4 (de) * 2009-10-31 2012-04-26 X-Fab Semiconductor Foundries Ag Herstellung von Siliziumhalbleiterscheiben mit III-V-Schichtstrukturen für High Electron Mobility Transistoren (HEMT) und eine entsprechende Halbleiterschichtanordnung
US9012253B2 (en) * 2009-12-16 2015-04-21 Micron Technology, Inc. Gallium nitride wafer substrate for solid state lighting devices, and associated systems and methods
US8680510B2 (en) 2010-06-28 2014-03-25 International Business Machines Corporation Method of forming compound semiconductor
US8164092B2 (en) * 2010-10-18 2012-04-24 The University Of Utah Research Foundation PIN structures including intrinsic gallium arsenide, devices incorporating the same, and related methods
US20120126239A1 (en) * 2010-11-24 2012-05-24 Transphorm Inc. Layer structures for controlling stress of heteroepitaxially grown iii-nitride layers
US9312436B2 (en) 2011-05-16 2016-04-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Nitride semiconductor device, nitride semiconductor wafer, and method for manufacturing nitride semiconductor layer
US9879357B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2018-01-30 Tivra Corporation Methods and systems for thin film deposition processes
JP6450675B2 (ja) * 2012-06-14 2019-01-09 ティブラ コーポレーションTivra Corporation 多層基板構造を形成する方法
JP6107435B2 (ja) * 2013-06-04 2017-04-05 三菱電機株式会社 半導体装置及びその製造方法
KR102171268B1 (ko) 2014-09-30 2020-11-06 삼성전자 주식회사 하이브리드 실리콘 레이저 제조 방법
US10075143B2 (en) * 2015-11-13 2018-09-11 IQE, plc Layer structures for RF filters fabricated using rare earth oxides and epitaxial aluminum nitride
CN105428384B (zh) * 2015-12-28 2018-08-10 上海集成电路研发中心有限公司 一种图形传感器及其制造方法
WO2018004693A1 (en) * 2016-07-01 2018-01-04 Intel Corporation Substrates for integrated circuits
US11495670B2 (en) 2016-09-22 2022-11-08 Iqe Plc Integrated epitaxial metal electrodes
US10083963B2 (en) * 2016-12-21 2018-09-25 Qualcomm Incorporated Logic circuit block layouts with dual-side processing
EP3568873B1 (en) * 2017-01-13 2023-11-08 Massachusetts Institute of Technology A method of forming a multilayer structure for a pixelated display and a multilayer structure for a pixelated display
GB2565054A (en) * 2017-07-28 2019-02-06 Comptek Solutions Oy Heterostructure semiconductor device and manufacturing method
US10373936B2 (en) * 2017-08-22 2019-08-06 Facebook Technologies, Llc Pixel elements including light emitters of variable heights
FR3079534B1 (fr) * 2018-03-28 2022-03-18 Soitec Silicon On Insulator Procede de fabrication d'une couche monocristalline de materiau gaas et substrat pour croissance par epitaxie d'une couche monocristalline de materiau gaas
CN110600362B (zh) * 2019-08-01 2022-05-20 中国科学院微电子研究所 硅基异构集成材料及其制备方法、半导体器件
WO2022187462A1 (en) 2021-03-03 2022-09-09 Atomera Incorporated Radio frequency (rf) semiconductor devices including a ground plane layer having a superlattice and associated methods
CN116364825A (zh) * 2023-06-01 2023-06-30 江西兆驰半导体有限公司 复合缓冲层及其制备方法、外延片及发光二极管

Family Cites Families (322)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US247722A (en) * 1881-09-27 John westinghotjse
US1037272A (en) * 1907-11-16 1912-09-03 William Godson Lindsay Bottle.
US2152315A (en) * 1936-12-07 1939-03-28 Kohn Samuel Frankfurter cooker
US3046384A (en) * 1960-05-04 1962-07-24 Taylor Winfield Corp Flash welding and trimming apparatus
US3617951A (en) 1968-11-21 1971-11-02 Western Microwave Lab Inc Broadband circulator or isolator of the strip line or microstrip type
US3670213A (en) 1969-05-24 1972-06-13 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Semiconductor photosensitive device with a rare earth oxide compound forming a rectifying junction
US4404265A (en) 1969-10-01 1983-09-13 Rockwell International Corporation Epitaxial composite and method of making
GB1319311A (en) 1970-06-04 1973-06-06 North American Rockwell Epitaxial composite and method of making
US3766370A (en) 1971-05-14 1973-10-16 Hewlett Packard Co Elementary floating point cordic function processor and shifter
US3802967A (en) 1971-08-27 1974-04-09 Rca Corp Iii-v compound on insulating substrate and its preparation and use
US3914137A (en) 1971-10-06 1975-10-21 Motorola Inc Method of manufacturing a light coupled monolithic circuit by selective epitaxial deposition
US3758199A (en) * 1971-11-22 1973-09-11 Sperry Rand Corp Piezoelectrically actuated light deflector
US3818451A (en) * 1972-03-15 1974-06-18 Motorola Inc Light-emitting and light-receiving logic array
US4006989A (en) * 1972-10-02 1977-02-08 Raytheon Company Laser gyroscope
US3935031A (en) 1973-05-07 1976-01-27 New England Institute, Inc. Photovoltaic cell with enhanced power output
US4084130A (en) 1974-01-18 1978-04-11 Texas Instruments Incorporated Laser for integrated optical circuits
JPS528835A (en) 1975-07-11 1977-01-24 Fujitsu Ltd Connector for fiber optics
JPS604962B2 (ja) * 1976-01-20 1985-02-07 松下電器産業株式会社 光導波装置
JPS5816335B2 (ja) * 1976-01-20 1983-03-30 松下電器産業株式会社 半導体装置
US4120588A (en) 1976-07-12 1978-10-17 Erik Chaum Multiple path configuration for a laser interferometer
JPS5413455A (en) 1977-07-01 1979-01-31 Hitachi Ltd Uniformly expanding device for tube
NL7710164A (nl) 1977-09-16 1979-03-20 Philips Nv Werkwijze ter behandeling van een eenkristal- lijn lichaam.
US4174422A (en) 1977-12-30 1979-11-13 International Business Machines Corporation Growing epitaxial films when the misfit between film and substrate is large
US4284329A (en) 1978-01-03 1981-08-18 Raytheon Company Laser gyroscope system
US4146297A (en) * 1978-01-16 1979-03-27 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Tunable optical waveguide directional coupler filter
US4174504A (en) * 1978-01-25 1979-11-13 United Technologies Corporation Apparatus and method for cavity dumping a Q-switched laser
JPS558742A (en) 1978-06-30 1980-01-22 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Waterproof facial beauty instrument
US4242595A (en) 1978-07-27 1980-12-30 University Of Southern California Tunnel diode load for ultra-fast low power switching circuits
US4297656A (en) 1979-03-23 1981-10-27 Harris Corporation Plural frequency oscillator employing multiple fiber-optic delay line
FR2453423A1 (fr) * 1979-04-04 1980-10-31 Quantel Sa Element optique epais a courbure variable
JPS5696834A (en) * 1979-12-28 1981-08-05 Mitsubishi Monsanto Chem Co Compound semiconductor epitaxial wafer and manufacture thereof
US4424589A (en) 1980-04-11 1984-01-03 Coulter Systems Corporation Flat bed scanner system and method
US4452720A (en) 1980-06-04 1984-06-05 Teijin Limited Fluorescent composition having the ability to change wavelengths of light, shaped article of said composition as a light wavelength converting element and device for converting optical energy to electrical energy using said element
US4289920A (en) 1980-06-23 1981-09-15 International Business Machines Corporation Multiple bandgap solar cell on transparent substrate
DE3168688D1 (en) 1980-11-06 1985-03-14 Toshiba Kk Method for manufacturing a semiconductor device
US4442590A (en) 1980-11-17 1984-04-17 Ball Corporation Monolithic microwave integrated circuit with integral array antenna
US4392297A (en) 1980-11-20 1983-07-12 Spire Corporation Process of making thin film high efficiency solar cells
GB2096785B (en) * 1981-04-09 1984-10-10 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Integrated optic device
JPS57177583A (en) 1981-04-14 1982-11-01 Int Standard Electric Corp Holl effect device
JPS57176785A (en) * 1981-04-22 1982-10-30 Hitachi Ltd Semiconductor laser device
GB2115996B (en) 1981-11-02 1985-03-20 Kramer Kane N Portable data processing and storage system
US4439014A (en) 1981-11-13 1984-03-27 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Low voltage electro-optic modulator
US4626878A (en) * 1981-12-11 1986-12-02 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Semiconductor optical logical device
US4525871A (en) * 1982-02-03 1985-06-25 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology High speed optoelectronic mixer
US4482422A (en) 1982-02-26 1984-11-13 Rca Corporation Method for growing a low defect monocrystalline layer on a mask
JPS58158944A (ja) 1982-03-16 1983-09-21 Futaba Corp 半導体装置
US4484332A (en) 1982-06-02 1984-11-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Multiple double heterojunction buried laser device
US4482906A (en) 1982-06-30 1984-11-13 International Business Machines Corporation Gallium aluminum arsenide integrated circuit structure using germanium
US4594000A (en) 1983-04-04 1986-06-10 Ball Corporation Method and apparatus for optically measuring distance and velocity
US4756007A (en) 1984-03-08 1988-07-05 Codex Corporation Adaptive communication rate modem
JPS6110818A (ja) 1984-06-25 1986-01-18 オムロン株式会社 電歪アクチユエ−タの駆動回路
US4629821A (en) 1984-08-16 1986-12-16 Polaroid Corporation Photovoltaic cell
JPH069334B2 (ja) 1984-09-03 1994-02-02 株式会社東芝 光・電気集積化素子
JPS61108187A (ja) * 1984-11-01 1986-05-26 Seiko Epson Corp 半導体光電子装置
US4773063A (en) 1984-11-13 1988-09-20 University Of Delaware Optical wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing system
US4661176A (en) 1985-02-27 1987-04-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Process for improving the quality of epitaxial silicon films grown on insulating substrates utilizing oxygen ion conductor substrates
US4748485A (en) 1985-03-21 1988-05-31 Hughes Aircraft Company Opposed dual-gate hybrid structure for three-dimensional integrated circuits
JPS61255074A (ja) 1985-05-08 1986-11-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 光電変換半導体装置
US4846926A (en) 1985-08-26 1989-07-11 Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation HcCdTe epitaxially grown on crystalline support
DE3676019D1 (de) 1985-09-03 1991-01-17 Daido Steel Co Ltd Epitaktische gallium-arsenid-halbleiterscheibe und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung.
JPS6263828A (ja) 1985-09-06 1987-03-20 Yokogawa Electric Corp 振動式トランスジューサ
US4695120A (en) 1985-09-26 1987-09-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Optic-coupled integrated circuits
JPS62119196A (ja) 1985-11-18 1987-05-30 Univ Nagoya 化合物半導体の成長方法
US4872046A (en) 1986-01-24 1989-10-03 University Of Illinois Heterojunction semiconductor device with <001> tilt
FR2595509B1 (fr) 1986-03-07 1988-05-13 Thomson Csf Composant en materiau semiconducteur epitaxie sur un substrat a parametre de maille different et application a divers composants en semiconducteurs
JPS62216600A (ja) * 1986-03-18 1987-09-24 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd 光−音響変換装置
US4804866A (en) * 1986-03-24 1989-02-14 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Solid state relay
US4777613A (en) 1986-04-01 1988-10-11 Motorola Inc. Floating point numeric data processor
US4901133A (en) * 1986-04-02 1990-02-13 Texas Instruments Incorporated Multilayer semi-insulating film for hermetic wafer passivation and method for making same
US4774205A (en) 1986-06-13 1988-09-27 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Monolithic integration of silicon and gallium arsenide devices
JPS633499A (ja) 1986-06-23 1988-01-08 日本電気ホームエレクトロニクス株式会社 電子部品の装着状態検出方法
JPS6319836A (ja) 1986-07-14 1988-01-27 Toshiba Corp 半導体ウエ−ハの搬送方式
US4891091A (en) 1986-07-14 1990-01-02 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Method of epitaxially growing compound semiconductor materials
US4866489A (en) 1986-07-22 1989-09-12 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Semiconductor device
JPS6334994A (ja) * 1986-07-29 1988-02-15 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 光電子集積回路装置およびその製造方法
US4888202A (en) 1986-07-31 1989-12-19 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation Method of manufacturing thin compound oxide film and apparatus for manufacturing thin oxide film
JP2516604B2 (ja) 1986-10-17 1996-07-24 キヤノン株式会社 相補性mos集積回路装置の製造方法
US4723321A (en) * 1986-11-07 1988-02-02 American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories Techniques for cross-polarization cancellation in a space diversity radio system
JPH087288B2 (ja) * 1986-11-20 1996-01-29 日本電信電話株式会社 ハイブリッド光集積回路の製造方法
JPH07120835B2 (ja) * 1986-12-26 1995-12-20 松下電器産業株式会社 光集積回路
US4772929A (en) 1987-01-09 1988-09-20 Sprague Electric Company Hall sensor with integrated pole pieces
US4876208A (en) 1987-01-30 1989-10-24 Yellowstone Diagnostics Corporation Diffraction immunoassay apparatus and method
JPS63198365A (ja) * 1987-02-13 1988-08-17 Sharp Corp 半導体装置
US4868376A (en) 1987-05-15 1989-09-19 Smartcard International Inc. Intelligent portable interactive personal data system
US4815084A (en) * 1987-05-20 1989-03-21 Spectra Diode Laboratories, Inc. Semiconductor laser with integrated optical elements
US4801184A (en) 1987-06-15 1989-01-31 Eastman Kodak Company Integrated optical read/write head and apparatus incorporating same
JPS6414949A (en) * 1987-07-08 1989-01-19 Nec Corp Semiconductor device and manufacture of the same
JPH0766922B2 (ja) 1987-07-29 1995-07-19 株式会社村田製作所 半導体装置の製造方法
GB8718552D0 (en) 1987-08-05 1987-09-09 British Railways Board Track to train communications systems
US5081062A (en) * 1987-08-27 1992-01-14 Prahalad Vasudev Monolithic integration of silicon on insulator and gallium arsenide semiconductor technologies
FI81926C (fi) * 1987-09-29 1990-12-10 Nokia Oy Ab Foerfarande foer uppbyggning av gaas-filmer pao si- och gaas-substrater.
JPH0695554B2 (ja) 1987-10-12 1994-11-24 工業技術院長 単結晶マグネシアスピネル膜の形成方法
US4885376A (en) 1987-10-13 1989-12-05 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. New types of organometallic reagents and catalysts for asymmetric synthesis
JPH0239A (ja) 1987-10-20 1990-01-05 Konica Corp 高コントラストハロゲン化銀写真感光材料
US4802182A (en) * 1987-11-05 1989-01-31 Xerox Corporation Monolithic two dimensional waveguide coupled cavity laser/modulator
US4981714A (en) 1987-12-14 1991-01-01 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Method of producing ferroelectric LiNb1-31 x Tax O3 0<x<1) thin film by activated evaporation
JPH01207920A (ja) 1988-02-16 1989-08-21 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd InP半導体薄膜の製造方法
JP2691721B2 (ja) 1988-03-04 1997-12-17 富士通株式会社 半導体薄膜の製造方法
US4912087A (en) 1988-04-15 1990-03-27 Ford Motor Company Rapid thermal annealing of superconducting oxide precursor films on Si and SiO2 substrates
US5130269A (en) * 1988-04-27 1992-07-14 Fujitsu Limited Hetero-epitaxially grown compound semiconductor substrate and a method of growing the same
US5063166A (en) 1988-04-29 1991-11-05 Sri International Method of forming a low dislocation density semiconductor device
JPH01289108A (ja) 1988-05-17 1989-11-21 Fujitsu Ltd ヘテロエピタキシャル成長方法
US4910164A (en) 1988-07-27 1990-03-20 Texas Instruments Incorporated Method of making planarized heterostructures using selective epitaxial growth
US5221367A (en) 1988-08-03 1993-06-22 International Business Machines, Corp. Strained defect-free epitaxial mismatched heterostructures and method of fabrication
US4889402A (en) 1988-08-31 1989-12-26 American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories Electro-optic polarization modulation in multi-electrode waveguides
US4963949A (en) 1988-09-30 1990-10-16 The United States Of America As Represented Of The United States Department Of Energy Substrate structures for InP-based devices
US4952420A (en) 1988-10-12 1990-08-28 Advanced Dielectric Technologies, Inc. Vapor deposition patterning method
JPH02105910A (ja) * 1988-10-14 1990-04-18 Hitachi Ltd 論理集積回路
DE68923756T2 (de) * 1988-10-28 1996-03-07 Texas Instruments Inc., Dallas, Tex. Abgedeckte Wärmebehandlung.
US5286985A (en) * 1988-11-04 1994-02-15 Texas Instruments Incorporated Interface circuit operable to perform level shifting between a first type of device and a second type of device
US5063081A (en) 1988-11-14 1991-11-05 I-Stat Corporation Method of manufacturing a plurality of uniform microfabricated sensing devices having an immobilized ligand receptor
US5087829A (en) * 1988-12-07 1992-02-11 Hitachi, Ltd. High speed clock distribution system
US4965649A (en) 1988-12-23 1990-10-23 Ford Aerospace Corporation Manufacture of monolithic infrared focal plane arrays
US5028563A (en) 1989-02-24 1991-07-02 Laser Photonics, Inc. Method for making low tuning rate single mode PbTe/PbEuSeTe buried heterostructure tunable diode lasers and arrays
US4999842A (en) 1989-03-01 1991-03-12 At&T Bell Laboratories Quantum well vertical cavity laser
US4990974A (en) * 1989-03-02 1991-02-05 Thunderbird Technologies, Inc. Fermi threshold field effect transistor
GB2230395B (en) 1989-03-15 1992-09-30 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Semiconductor relay circuit
US4934777A (en) 1989-03-21 1990-06-19 Pco, Inc. Cascaded recirculating transmission line without bending loss limitations
US5198269A (en) * 1989-04-24 1993-03-30 Battelle Memorial Institute Process for making sol-gel deposited ferroelectric thin films insensitive to their substrates
JPH02306680A (ja) * 1989-05-22 1990-12-20 Hikari Gijutsu Kenkyu Kaihatsu Kk 光電子集積回路装置およびその製造方法
US5067809A (en) 1989-06-09 1991-11-26 Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. Opto-semiconductor device and method of fabrication of the same
US5594000A (en) * 1989-06-21 1997-01-14 Astra Ab Spirofurane derivatives
FR2650704B1 (fr) 1989-08-01 1994-05-06 Thomson Csf Procede de fabrication par epitaxie de couches monocristallines de materiaux a parametres de mailles differents
US5399898A (en) * 1992-07-17 1995-03-21 Lsi Logic Corporation Multi-chip semiconductor arrangements using flip chip dies
US5055445A (en) 1989-09-25 1991-10-08 Litton Systems, Inc. Method of forming oxidic high Tc superconducting materials on substantially lattice matched monocrystalline substrates utilizing liquid phase epitaxy
US4959702A (en) 1989-10-05 1990-09-25 Motorola, Inc. Si-GaP-Si heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) on Si substrate
US5051790A (en) 1989-12-22 1991-09-24 David Sarnoff Research Center, Inc. Optoelectronic interconnections for integrated circuits
JPH088214B2 (ja) * 1990-01-19 1996-01-29 三菱電機株式会社 半導体装置
US5997638A (en) * 1990-03-23 1999-12-07 International Business Machines Corporation Localized lattice-mismatch-accomodation dislocation network epitaxy
US5310707A (en) 1990-03-28 1994-05-10 Superconductivity Research Laboratory International Substrate material for the preparation of oxide superconductors
FR2661040A1 (fr) 1990-04-13 1991-10-18 Thomson Csf Procede d'adaptation entre deux materiaux semiconducteurs cristallises, et dispositif semiconducteur.
US5358925A (en) 1990-04-18 1994-10-25 Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Silicon substrate having YSZ epitaxial barrier layer and an epitaxial superconducting layer
US5164359A (en) 1990-04-20 1992-11-17 Eaton Corporation Monolithic integrated circuit having compound semiconductor layer epitaxially grown on ceramic substrate
US5018816A (en) 1990-06-11 1991-05-28 Amp Incorporated Optical delay switch and variable delay system
US5188976A (en) * 1990-07-13 1993-02-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Manufacturing method of non-volatile semiconductor memory device
US5608046A (en) * 1990-07-27 1997-03-04 Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Conjugated 4'-desmethyl nucleoside analog compounds
GB2250751B (en) * 1990-08-24 1995-04-12 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Process for the production of dielectric thin films
DE4027024A1 (de) * 1990-08-27 1992-03-05 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag Faserkreisel
US5281834A (en) * 1990-08-31 1994-01-25 Motorola, Inc. Non-silicon and silicon bonded structure and method of manufacture
US5064781A (en) * 1990-08-31 1991-11-12 Motorola, Inc. Method of fabricating integrated silicon and non-silicon semiconductor devices
DE4029060C2 (de) 1990-09-13 1994-01-13 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauteilen für elektronische, elektrooptische und optische Bauelemente
US5060031A (en) 1990-09-18 1991-10-22 Motorola, Inc Complementary heterojunction field effect transistor with an anisotype N+ ga-channel devices
JP3028840B2 (ja) * 1990-09-19 2000-04-04 株式会社日立製作所 バイポーラトランジスタとmosトランジスタの複合回路、及びそれを用いた半導体集積回路装置
FR2670050B1 (fr) * 1990-11-09 1997-03-14 Thomson Csf Detecteur optoelectronique a semiconducteurs.
US5880452A (en) * 1990-11-15 1999-03-09 Geo Labs, Inc. Laser based PCMCIA data collection system with automatic triggering for portable applications and method of use
US5418216A (en) 1990-11-30 1995-05-23 Fork; David K. Superconducting thin films on epitaxial magnesium oxide grown on silicon
US5387811A (en) * 1991-01-25 1995-02-07 Nec Corporation Composite semiconductor device with a particular bipolar structure
US5166761A (en) * 1991-04-01 1992-11-24 Midwest Research Institute Tunnel junction multiple wavelength light-emitting diodes
KR940005454B1 (ko) * 1991-04-03 1994-06-18 삼성전자 주식회사 화합물반도체장치
US5225031A (en) 1991-04-10 1993-07-06 Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. Process for depositing an oxide epitaxially onto a silicon substrate and structures prepared with the process
US5482003A (en) 1991-04-10 1996-01-09 Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. Process for depositing epitaxial alkaline earth oxide onto a substrate and structures prepared with the process
SE468267B (sv) * 1991-04-10 1992-11-30 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Terminal foer ett frekvensdelat, optiskt kommunikationssystem
US5221413A (en) 1991-04-24 1993-06-22 At&T Bell Laboratories Method for making low defect density semiconductor heterostructure and devices made thereby
US5185589A (en) * 1991-05-17 1993-02-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Microwave film bulk acoustic resonator and manifolded filter bank
US5194397A (en) * 1991-06-05 1993-03-16 International Business Machines Corporation Method for controlling interfacial oxide at a polycrystalline/monocrystalline silicon interface
JPH07187892A (ja) * 1991-06-28 1995-07-25 Internatl Business Mach Corp <Ibm> シリコン及びその形成方法
EP0584410A1 (en) * 1991-07-05 1994-03-02 Conductus, Inc. Superconducting electronic structures and methods of preparing same
JP3130575B2 (ja) * 1991-07-25 2001-01-31 日本電気株式会社 マイクロ波ミリ波送受信モジュール
JPH0548072A (ja) 1991-08-12 1993-02-26 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> 半導体素子
US5238894A (en) * 1991-09-20 1993-08-24 Air Products And Chemcials, Inc. Hydroxyl group-containing amine-boron adducts as reduced odor catalyst compositions for the production of polyurethanes
US5283462A (en) * 1991-11-04 1994-02-01 Motorola, Inc. Integrated distributed inductive-capacitive network
US5397428A (en) * 1991-12-20 1995-03-14 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Nucleation enhancement for chemical vapor deposition of diamond
JP3250673B2 (ja) * 1992-01-31 2002-01-28 キヤノン株式会社 半導体素子基体とその作製方法
JP2610076B2 (ja) 1992-02-28 1997-05-14 松下電器産業株式会社 ハイブリッド集積回路とその製造方法
US5155658A (en) 1992-03-05 1992-10-13 Bell Communications Research, Inc. Crystallographically aligned ferroelectric films usable in memories and method of crystallographically aligning perovskite films
US5270298A (en) 1992-03-05 1993-12-14 Bell Communications Research, Inc. Cubic metal oxide thin film epitaxially grown on silicon
JP3379106B2 (ja) * 1992-04-23 2003-02-17 セイコーエプソン株式会社 液体噴射ヘッド
US5238877A (en) * 1992-04-30 1993-08-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Conformal method of fabricating an optical waveguide on a semiconductor substrate
DE69325614T2 (de) 1992-05-01 2000-01-13 Texas Instruments Inc Pb/Bi enthaltende Oxide von hohen Dielektrizitätskonstanten unter Verwendung von Perovskiten als Pufferschicht, die keine Pb/Bi enthalten
US5326721A (en) 1992-05-01 1994-07-05 Texas Instruments Incorporated Method of fabricating high-dielectric constant oxides on semiconductors using a GE buffer layer
US5365477A (en) * 1992-06-16 1994-11-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Dynamic random access memory device
EP0607435B1 (en) 1992-08-07 1999-11-03 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Nitride based semiconductor device and manufacture thereof
EP0660968A1 (en) * 1992-09-14 1995-07-05 Conductus, Inc. Improved barrier layers for oxide superconductor devices and circuits
US5514484A (en) 1992-11-05 1996-05-07 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Oriented ferroelectric thin film
JPH06151872A (ja) 1992-11-09 1994-05-31 Mitsubishi Kasei Corp Fet素子
EP0600303B1 (en) 1992-12-01 2002-02-06 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Method for fabrication of dielectric thin film
US5248564A (en) 1992-12-09 1993-09-28 Bell Communications Research, Inc. C-axis perovskite thin films grown on silicon dioxide
US5347157A (en) 1992-12-17 1994-09-13 Eastman Kodak Company Multilayer structure having a (111)-oriented buffer layer
JP3047656B2 (ja) * 1993-01-12 2000-05-29 株式会社村田製作所 InSb薄膜の製造方法
US5430397A (en) * 1993-01-27 1995-07-04 Hitachi, Ltd. Intra-LSI clock distribution circuit
JP3248636B2 (ja) 1993-02-03 2002-01-21 日本電信電話株式会社 複合半導体回路装置の作製方法
US5642371A (en) * 1993-03-12 1997-06-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Optical transmission apparatus
US5293050A (en) * 1993-03-25 1994-03-08 International Business Machines Corporation Semiconductor quantum dot light emitting/detecting devices
JP3425185B2 (ja) 1993-03-26 2003-07-07 日本オプネクスト株式会社 半導体素子
US5315128A (en) * 1993-04-30 1994-05-24 At&T Bell Laboratories Photodetector with a resonant cavity
JPH06327862A (ja) 1993-05-19 1994-11-29 Brother Ind Ltd 自動制御ミシンにおける故障箇所検出装置
US5456205A (en) 1993-06-01 1995-10-10 Midwest Research Institute System for monitoring the growth of crystalline films on stationary substrates
US5480829A (en) * 1993-06-25 1996-01-02 Motorola, Inc. Method of making a III-V complementary heterostructure device with compatible non-gold ohmic contacts
US5572040A (en) * 1993-07-12 1996-11-05 Peregrine Semiconductor Corporation High-frequency wireless communication system on a single ultrathin silicon on sapphire chip
US5394489A (en) * 1993-07-27 1995-02-28 At&T Corp. Wavelength division multiplexed optical communication transmitters
US5450812A (en) 1993-07-30 1995-09-19 Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. Process for growing a film epitaxially upon an oxide surface and structures formed with the process
JP3644980B2 (ja) * 1993-09-06 2005-05-11 株式会社ルネサステクノロジ 半導体装置の製造方法
EP0685113B1 (en) * 1993-12-20 1999-11-03 General Electric Company Method of repairing a conductive line of a thin film imager or display device and structure produced thereby
JP3395318B2 (ja) * 1994-01-07 2003-04-14 住友化学工業株式会社 3−5族化合物半導体結晶の成長方法
US6469357B1 (en) 1994-03-23 2002-10-22 Agere Systems Guardian Corp. Article comprising an oxide layer on a GaAs or GaN-based semiconductor body
US5481102A (en) * 1994-03-31 1996-01-02 Hazelrigg, Jr.; George A. Micromechanical/microelectromechanical identification devices and methods of fabrication and encoding thereof
US5478653A (en) 1994-04-04 1995-12-26 Guenzer; Charles S. Bismuth titanate as a template layer for growth of crystallographically oriented silicon
US5436181A (en) * 1994-04-18 1995-07-25 Texas Instruments Incorporated Method of self aligning an emitter contact in a heterojunction bipolar transistor
US5883564A (en) * 1994-04-18 1999-03-16 General Motors Corporation Magnetic field sensor having high mobility thin indium antimonide active layer on thin aluminum indium antimonide buffer layer
US5491461A (en) * 1994-05-09 1996-02-13 General Motors Corporation Magnetic field sensor on elemental semiconductor substrate with electric field reduction means
JP2643833B2 (ja) * 1994-05-30 1997-08-20 日本電気株式会社 半導体記憶装置及びその製造方法
US5828080A (en) 1994-08-17 1998-10-27 Tdk Corporation Oxide thin film, electronic device substrate and electronic device
US5873977A (en) * 1994-09-02 1999-02-23 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Dry etching of layer structure oxides
US5754714A (en) * 1994-09-17 1998-05-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Semiconductor optical waveguide device, optical control type optical switch, and wavelength conversion device
US5635741A (en) 1994-09-30 1997-06-03 Texas Instruments Incorporated Barium strontium titanate (BST) thin films by erbium donor doping
US5486406A (en) * 1994-11-07 1996-01-23 Motorola Green-emitting organometallic complexes for use in light emitting devices
US5677551A (en) * 1994-11-15 1997-10-14 Fujitsu Limited Semiconductor optical device and an optical processing system that uses such a semiconductor optical system
JPH09139480A (ja) * 1995-01-27 1997-05-27 Toshiba Corp 薄膜キャパシタおよびこれを用いた半導体記憶装置
US5563428A (en) * 1995-01-30 1996-10-08 Ek; Bruce A. Layered structure of a substrate, a dielectric layer and a single crystal layer
US5574744A (en) * 1995-02-03 1996-11-12 Motorola Optical coupler
US5610744A (en) * 1995-02-16 1997-03-11 Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Optical communications and interconnection networks having opto-electronic switches and direct optical routers
WO1996029725A1 (en) * 1995-03-21 1996-09-26 Northern Telecom Limited Ferroelectric dielectric for integrated circuit applications at microwave frequencies
US5670798A (en) 1995-03-29 1997-09-23 North Carolina State University Integrated heterostructures of Group III-V nitride semiconductor materials including epitaxial ohmic contact non-nitride buffer layer and methods of fabricating same
JP3557011B2 (ja) * 1995-03-30 2004-08-25 株式会社東芝 半導体発光素子、及びその製造方法
US5919522A (en) * 1995-03-31 1999-07-06 Advanced Technology Materials, Inc. Growth of BaSrTiO3 using polyamine-based precursors
EP0736915A1 (en) * 1995-04-03 1996-10-09 Seiko Epson Corporation Piezoelectric thin film, method for producing the same, and ink jet recording head using the thin film
US5606184A (en) * 1995-05-04 1997-02-25 Motorola, Inc. Heterostructure field effect device having refractory ohmic contact directly on channel layer and method for making
US6151240A (en) * 1995-06-01 2000-11-21 Sony Corporation Ferroelectric nonvolatile memory and oxide multi-layered structure
US5614739A (en) * 1995-06-02 1997-03-25 Motorola HIGFET and method
KR100189966B1 (ko) 1995-06-13 1999-06-01 윤종용 소이 구조의 모스 트랜지스터 및 그 제조방법
US5753300A (en) * 1995-06-19 1998-05-19 Northwestern University Oriented niobate ferroelectric thin films for electrical and optical devices and method of making such films
KR100193219B1 (ko) * 1995-07-06 1999-06-15 박원훈 수동형 편광변환기
US5753934A (en) 1995-08-04 1998-05-19 Tok Corporation Multilayer thin film, substrate for electronic device, electronic device, and preparation of multilayer oxide thin film
JP3310881B2 (ja) * 1995-08-04 2002-08-05 ティーディーケイ株式会社 積層薄膜、電子デバイス用基板、電子デバイスおよび積層薄膜の製造方法
US5760740A (en) * 1995-08-08 1998-06-02 Lucent Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for electronic polarization correction
JPH0964477A (ja) * 1995-08-25 1997-03-07 Toshiba Corp 半導体発光素子及びその製造方法
JP3137880B2 (ja) * 1995-08-25 2001-02-26 ティーディーケイ株式会社 強誘電体薄膜、電子デバイスおよび強誘電体薄膜の製造方法
KR100441810B1 (ko) * 1995-09-29 2004-10-20 모토로라 인코포레이티드 광전달구조물을정렬하기위한전자장치
US6022963A (en) * 1995-12-15 2000-02-08 Affymetrix, Inc. Synthesis of oligonucleotide arrays using photocleavable protecting groups
US5861966A (en) * 1995-12-27 1999-01-19 Nynex Science & Technology, Inc. Broad band optical fiber telecommunications network
KR100199095B1 (ko) * 1995-12-27 1999-06-15 구본준 반도체 메모리 셀의 캐패시터 구조 및 그 제조방법
US5729394A (en) * 1996-01-24 1998-03-17 Hewlett-Packard Company Multi-direction optical data port
FR2744578B1 (fr) 1996-02-06 1998-04-30 Motorola Semiconducteurs Amlificateur hautes frequences
TW410272B (en) * 1996-05-07 2000-11-01 Thermoscan Lnc Enhanced protective lens cover
US5729641A (en) * 1996-05-30 1998-03-17 Sdl, Inc. Optical device employing edge-coupled waveguide geometry
US5733641A (en) 1996-05-31 1998-03-31 Xerox Corporation Buffered substrate for semiconductor devices
SE518132C2 (sv) * 1996-06-07 2002-08-27 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Metod och anordning för synkronisering av kombinerade mottagare och sändare i ett cellulärt system
US6039803A (en) * 1996-06-28 2000-03-21 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Utilization of miscut substrates to improve relaxed graded silicon-germanium and germanium layers on silicon
US5863326A (en) * 1996-07-03 1999-01-26 Cermet, Inc. Pressurized skull crucible for crystal growth using the Czochralski technique
US5858814A (en) * 1996-07-17 1999-01-12 Lucent Technologies Inc. Hybrid chip and method therefor
US6023082A (en) * 1996-08-05 2000-02-08 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation Strain-based control of crystal anisotropy for perovskite oxides on semiconductor-based material
US5830270A (en) 1996-08-05 1998-11-03 Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. CaTiO3 Interfacial template structure on semiconductor-based material and the growth of electroceramic thin-films in the perovskite class
US5734672A (en) * 1996-08-06 1998-03-31 Cutting Edge Optronics, Inc. Smart laser diode array assembly and operating method using same
AU3632697A (en) * 1996-08-12 1998-03-06 Energenius, Inc. Semiconductor supercapacitor system, method for making same and articles produced therefrom
US5985404A (en) * 1996-08-28 1999-11-16 Tdk Corporation Recording medium, method of making, and information processing apparatus
US5767543A (en) * 1996-09-16 1998-06-16 Motorola, Inc. Ferroelectric semiconductor device having a layered ferroelectric structure
EP0839653A3 (en) * 1996-10-29 1999-06-30 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Ink jet recording apparatus and its manufacturing method
US5725641A (en) * 1996-10-30 1998-03-10 Macleod; Cheryl A. Lightfast inks for ink-jet printing
US5719417A (en) * 1996-11-27 1998-02-17 Advanced Technology Materials, Inc. Ferroelectric integrated circuit structure
US5912068A (en) 1996-12-05 1999-06-15 The Regents Of The University Of California Epitaxial oxides on amorphous SiO2 on single crystal silicon
US5741724A (en) 1996-12-27 1998-04-21 Motorola Method of growing gallium nitride on a spinel substrate
GB2321114B (en) * 1997-01-10 2001-02-21 Lasor Ltd An optical modulator
US5864543A (en) * 1997-02-24 1999-01-26 At&T Wireless Services, Inc. Transmit/receive compensation in a time division duplex system
US5952695A (en) 1997-03-05 1999-09-14 International Business Machines Corporation Silicon-on-insulator and CMOS-on-SOI double film structures
US6022671A (en) * 1997-03-11 2000-02-08 Lightwave Microsystems Corporation Method of making optical interconnects with hybrid construction
US5872493A (en) * 1997-03-13 1999-02-16 Nokia Mobile Phones, Ltd. Bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filter having a top portion that includes a protective acoustic mirror
JPH10265948A (ja) * 1997-03-25 1998-10-06 Rohm Co Ltd 半導体装置用基板およびその製法
US5906951A (en) * 1997-04-30 1999-05-25 International Business Machines Corporation Strained Si/SiGe layers on insulator
US5857049A (en) * 1997-05-05 1999-01-05 Lucent Technologies, Inc., Precision alignment of optoelectronic devices
ATE283549T1 (de) 1997-06-24 2004-12-15 Massachusetts Inst Technology Kontrolle der verspannungsdichte durch verwendung von gradientenschichten und durch planarisierung
US5869845A (en) * 1997-06-26 1999-02-09 Texas Instruments Incorporated Resonant tunneling memory
JP3813740B2 (ja) * 1997-07-11 2006-08-23 Tdk株式会社 電子デバイス用基板
US6013553A (en) * 1997-07-24 2000-01-11 Texas Instruments Incorporated Zirconium and/or hafnium oxynitride gate dielectric
US5940691A (en) 1997-08-20 1999-08-17 Micron Technology, Inc. Methods of forming SOI insulator layers and methods of forming transistor devices
US6002375A (en) 1997-09-02 1999-12-14 Motorola, Inc. Multi-substrate radio-frequency circuit
KR20010024041A (ko) 1997-09-16 2001-03-26 자르밀라 제트. 흐르벡 공동 평면 Si 및 Ge 합성물 기판 및 그 제조 방법
US6204525B1 (en) * 1997-09-22 2001-03-20 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Ferroelectric thin film device and method of producing the same
WO1999019546A1 (en) * 1997-10-10 1999-04-22 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Methods for growing defect-free heteroepitaxial layers
US6233435B1 (en) * 1997-10-14 2001-05-15 Telecommunications Equipment Corporation Multi-function interactive communications system with circularly/elliptically polarized signal transmission and reception
US6181920B1 (en) * 1997-10-20 2001-01-30 Ericsson Inc. Transmitter that selectively polarizes a radio wave
JP3521711B2 (ja) 1997-10-22 2004-04-19 松下電器産業株式会社 カラオケ再生装置
JPH11123868A (ja) 1997-10-24 1999-05-11 Mitsubishi Kagaku Polyester Film Kk 白色ポリエステル被記録媒体
JP4002643B2 (ja) * 1997-11-12 2007-11-07 昭和電工株式会社 単結晶基板とその上に成長させた窒化ガリウム系化合物半導体結晶とから構成されるエピタキシャルウェハ
US6197503B1 (en) * 1997-11-26 2001-03-06 Ut-Battelle, Llc Integrated circuit biochip microsystem containing lens
JP3092659B2 (ja) * 1997-12-10 2000-09-25 日本電気株式会社 薄膜キャパシタ及びその製造方法
US6020222A (en) 1997-12-16 2000-02-01 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Silicon oxide insulator (SOI) semiconductor having selectively linked body
US6110840A (en) * 1998-02-17 2000-08-29 Motorola, Inc. Method of passivating the surface of a Si substrate
GB2334594A (en) * 1998-02-20 1999-08-25 Fujitsu Telecommunications Eur Arrayed waveguide grating device
US6011646A (en) * 1998-02-20 2000-01-04 The Regents Of The Unviersity Of California Method to adjust multilayer film stress induced deformation of optics
JPH11274467A (ja) * 1998-03-26 1999-10-08 Murata Mfg Co Ltd 光電子集積回路素子
US6051874A (en) * 1998-04-01 2000-04-18 Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Diode formed in a surface silicon layer on an SOI substrate
US6055179A (en) 1998-05-19 2000-04-25 Canon Kk Memory device utilizing giant magnetoresistance effect
US6064078A (en) 1998-05-22 2000-05-16 Xerox Corporation Formation of group III-V nitride films on sapphire substrates with reduced dislocation densities
EP0961371B1 (en) * 1998-05-25 2001-09-12 Alcatel Optoelectronic module containing at least one optoelectronic component and temperature stabilising method
US6888175B1 (en) 1998-05-29 2005-05-03 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Compound semiconductor structure with lattice and polarity matched heteroepitaxial layers
FI108583B (fi) * 1998-06-02 2002-02-15 Nokia Corp Resonaattorirakenteita
US6113690A (en) 1998-06-08 2000-09-05 Motorola, Inc. Method of preparing crystalline alkaline earth metal oxides on a Si substrate
KR20000003975A (ko) 1998-06-30 2000-01-25 김영환 필드 산화막을 구비한 본딩형 실리콘 이중막 웨이퍼 제조방법
US6338756B2 (en) * 1998-06-30 2002-01-15 Seh America, Inc. In-situ post epitaxial treatment process
JP2000022128A (ja) * 1998-07-06 2000-01-21 Murata Mfg Co Ltd 半導体発光素子、および光電子集積回路素子
JP3450713B2 (ja) * 1998-07-21 2003-09-29 富士通カンタムデバイス株式会社 半導体装置およびその製造方法、マイクロストリップ線路の製造方法
US6103008A (en) 1998-07-30 2000-08-15 Ut-Battelle, Llc Silicon-integrated thin-film structure for electro-optic applications
US6022410A (en) * 1998-09-01 2000-02-08 Motorola, Inc. Alkaline-earth metal silicides on silicon
US6191011B1 (en) * 1998-09-28 2001-02-20 Ag Associates (Israel) Ltd. Selective hemispherical grain silicon deposition
TW399309B (en) * 1998-09-30 2000-07-21 World Wiser Electronics Inc Cavity-down package structure with thermal via
US6343171B1 (en) * 1998-10-09 2002-01-29 Fujitsu Limited Systems based on opto-electronic substrates with electrical and optical interconnections and methods for making
US6232806B1 (en) * 1998-10-21 2001-05-15 International Business Machines Corporation Multiple-mode clock distribution apparatus and method with adaptive skew compensation
US6355939B1 (en) 1998-11-03 2002-03-12 Lockheed Martin Corporation Multi-band infrared photodetector
US6173474B1 (en) 1999-01-08 2001-01-16 Fantom Technologies Inc. Construction of a vacuum cleaner head
US6180486B1 (en) 1999-02-16 2001-01-30 International Business Machines Corporation Process of fabricating planar and densely patterned silicon-on-insulator structure
JP2000278085A (ja) * 1999-03-24 2000-10-06 Yamaha Corp 弾性表面波素子
JP2001138529A (ja) * 1999-03-25 2001-05-22 Seiko Epson Corp 圧電体の製造方法
US6143072A (en) 1999-04-06 2000-11-07 Ut-Battelle, Llc Generic process for preparing a crystalline oxide upon a group IV semiconductor substrate
US6326667B1 (en) * 1999-09-09 2001-12-04 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Semiconductor devices and methods for producing semiconductor devices
US6329277B1 (en) * 1999-10-14 2001-12-11 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Method of forming cobalt silicide
US6340788B1 (en) * 1999-12-02 2002-01-22 Hughes Electronics Corporation Multijunction photovoltaic cells and panels using a silicon or silicon-germanium active substrate cell for space and terrestrial applications
US6362558B1 (en) * 1999-12-24 2002-03-26 Kansai Research Institute Piezoelectric element, process for producing the same and ink jet recording head
KR100430751B1 (ko) * 2000-02-23 2004-05-10 주식회사 세라콤 페로브스카이트형 구조 산화물의 단결정 성장 방법
US6445724B2 (en) * 2000-02-23 2002-09-03 Sarnoff Corporation Master oscillator vertical emission laser
US6348373B1 (en) * 2000-03-29 2002-02-19 Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. Method for improving electrical properties of high dielectric constant films
US6415140B1 (en) * 2000-04-28 2002-07-02 Bae Systems Aerospace Inc. Null elimination in a space diversity antenna system
US20020030246A1 (en) * 2000-06-28 2002-03-14 Motorola, Inc. Structure and method for fabricating semiconductor structures and devices not lattice matched to the substrate
US20020008234A1 (en) * 2000-06-28 2002-01-24 Motorola, Inc. Mixed-signal semiconductor structure, device including the structure, and methods of forming the device and the structure
JP2002023123A (ja) * 2000-07-11 2002-01-23 Fujitsu Ltd 非主要光を導波する光導波路を備える光回路
US6661940B2 (en) * 2000-07-21 2003-12-09 Finisar Corporation Apparatus and method for rebroadcasting signals in an optical backplane bus system
EP1350290B1 (en) * 2000-08-04 2006-11-22 Amberwave Systems Corporation Silicon wafer with embedded optoelectronic material for monolithic oeic
US6501121B1 (en) * 2000-11-15 2002-12-31 Motorola, Inc. Semiconductor structure
KR100360413B1 (ko) * 2000-12-19 2002-11-13 삼성전자 주식회사 2단계 열처리에 의한 반도체 메모리 소자의 커패시터 제조방법
US6524651B2 (en) * 2001-01-26 2003-02-25 Battelle Memorial Institute Oxidized film structure and method of making epitaxial metal oxide structure
US6528374B2 (en) * 2001-02-05 2003-03-04 International Business Machines Corporation Method for forming dielectric stack without interfacial layer
US6498358B1 (en) * 2001-07-20 2002-12-24 Motorola, Inc. Structure and method for fabricating an electro-optic system having an electrochromic diffraction grating
US6589887B1 (en) * 2001-10-11 2003-07-08 Novellus Systems, Inc. Forming metal-derived layers by simultaneous deposition and evaporation of metal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW487969B (en) 2002-05-21
JP2003523081A (ja) 2003-07-29
CA2400513A1 (en) 2001-08-16
CN1398423A (zh) 2003-02-19
WO2001059814A3 (en) 2002-04-18
AU2001234973A1 (en) 2001-08-20
WO2001059835A1 (en) 2001-08-16
WO2001059814A2 (en) 2001-08-16
TW497152B (en) 2002-08-01
EP1258030A1 (en) 2002-11-20
KR20020091089A (ko) 2002-12-05
AU2001236895A1 (en) 2001-08-20
AU2001234999A1 (en) 2001-08-20
CN1398430A (zh) 2003-02-19
EP1258027A2 (en) 2002-11-20
KR20020075403A (ko) 2002-10-04
EP1258039A1 (en) 2002-11-20
CA2399394A1 (en) 2001-08-16
JP2003523083A (ja) 2003-07-29
KR20020077907A (ko) 2002-10-14
JP2003523084A (ja) 2003-07-29
AU2001238137A1 (en) 2001-08-20
KR20020077678A (ko) 2002-10-12
US20040150076A1 (en) 2004-08-05
US6392257B1 (en) 2002-05-21
CN1398429A (zh) 2003-02-19
WO2001059821A8 (en) 2001-11-15
US20040232525A1 (en) 2004-11-25
US20040149202A1 (en) 2004-08-05
CN1261978C (zh) 2006-06-28
CN1416591A (zh) 2003-05-07
US20020047143A1 (en) 2002-04-25
WO2001059822A1 (en) 2001-08-16
US20020047123A1 (en) 2002-04-25
CN1416590A (zh) 2003-05-07
AU2001234972A1 (en) 2001-08-20
US20020074624A1 (en) 2002-06-20
US20040149203A1 (en) 2004-08-05
CN1222032C (zh) 2005-10-05
US20040150003A1 (en) 2004-08-05
JP2003523080A (ja) 2003-07-29
WO2001059820A1 (en) 2001-08-16
TWI301292B (en) 2008-09-21
WO2001059820A8 (en) 2001-11-15
US7067856B2 (en) 2006-06-27
WO2001059821A1 (en) 2001-08-16
WO2001059836A1 (en) 2001-08-16
KR20020086514A (ko) 2002-11-18
AU2001234993A1 (en) 2001-08-20
AU2001236820A1 (en) 2001-08-20
JP2003523078A (ja) 2003-07-29
EP1258038A1 (en) 2002-11-20
WO2001059837A1 (en) 2001-08-16
EP1258031A1 (en) 2002-11-20
KR100695662B1 (ko) 2007-03-19
TW494450B (en) 2002-07-11
TWI235491B (en) 2005-07-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
TW483050B (en) Semiconductor structure
TW546686B (en) Mixed-signal semiconductor structure, device including the structure, and methods of forming the device and the structure
US6965128B2 (en) Structure and method for fabricating semiconductor microresonator devices
TW507301B (en) Semiconductor structure including a partially annealed layer and method of forming the same
TW515098B (en) Heterojunction tunneling diodes and process for fabricating the same
US20030015767A1 (en) Structure and method for fabricating semiconductor structures and devices with integrated control components
TW495996B (en) Semiconductor structure, semiconductor device, communicating device, integrated circuit, and process for fabricating the same
TW567525B (en) Method for real-time monitoring and controlling perovskite oxide film growth and semiconductor structure formed using the method
TW527631B (en) Low-defect semiconductor structure, device including the structure and method for fabricating structure and device
TW543143B (en) Structure and method for fabricating semiconductor structures and devices utilizing the formation of a compliant substrate with an intermetallic layer
US20030015705A1 (en) Structure and method for fabricating semiconductor structures and devices with an energy source
US20020181915A1 (en) Apparatus for generating an oscillating reference signal and method of manufacture therefore
TW494476B (en) Hybrid semiconductor structure and device
TW517282B (en) Structure and method for fabricating semiconductor devices
TW578275B (en) Semiconductor structure and device including a monocrystalline compound semiconductor layer formed overlying a compliant substrate and a method of forming the same
US20030015712A1 (en) Fabrication of an optical communication device within a semiconductor structure
US20030017621A1 (en) Fabrication of buried devices within a semiconductor structure

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
GD4A Issue of patent certificate for granted invention patent
MK4A Expiration of patent term of an invention patent