JP2011503847A - 結晶質薄膜光起電力構造およびその形成方法 - Google Patents
結晶質薄膜光起電力構造およびその形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2007年11月2日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/984,796号の優先権と利益を主張し、その全体が本明細書に参考として援用される。
種々の実施形態では、本発明は、光起電力構造および素子に関し、特に、薄膜光起電力技術に関する。
代替エネルギーおよびフラットパネルディスプレイ市場の両者は、その上に高結晶質の半導体薄膜を産生するための、高品質なフレキシブル基板を必要としている。
従来の薄膜光電池プラットフォームおよび製作工程の前述の制限は、本願では、緩衝層がそこからテクスチャを「受け継いだ」後であるが、半導体層の形成の前に、高度にテクスチャード加工されたテンプレート層を除去することにより対応している。それによりテンプレート層は、引き続く高品質半導体関連製品および素子の製作に適したテクスチャを作成するために利用されるが、テンプレート層を脆化させる傾向のある処理に曝露される前に除去される。
本発明の実施形態における使用に適したテンプレートは、既知のおよび予期される半導体関連製品と、特に化合物半導体(例えば、III−V族半導体関連製品)と化学的互換性があり、格子整合した、結晶学的志向の材料層を含む。本願において使用される場合、「格子整合した」とは、層または材料が、一方の層(例えば、緩衝)の他の層(例えば、テンプレート)上への制御されたテクスチャを持つエピタキシャル成長を可能にする、相対的格子面間隔と、引き続く高品質半導体関連製品および/または高効率半導体素子の統合を可能にするための、許容できるレベルの欠陥とを有すること指す。金属膜について、格子整合は、格子面間隔において約10%以内の、好ましくは、約5%以内の、より好ましくは、約2%以内の相対的差異であってもよい。格子面間隔は、当該技術分野において一般的に定義されるように、材料の単位セル格子定数を、または格子定数を参照して定義されることができる別の原子間隔を指す場合がある。例えば、材料の格子定数は、立方結晶表面の対角線(これは格子定数の約1.414倍に等しい)によって画定される格子面間隔と格子整合されてもよい。さらに、別の材料のほぼ整数倍(繰り返すが、約10%、約5%、または約2%以内)の格子定数(または他の格子面間隔)を有する材料もまた、「格子整合した」と見なされてもよい。例えば、第2の材料の2倍の格子面間隔を有する材料は、第2の材料の原子1つおきに、おおよその格子記録を達成する。整合に必要な程度は、考慮されている材料の種類によって異なる。例えば、高品質半導体層は、別の金属層の上に蒸着された金属層よりも、下位層とのより近接した格子整合を必要とする。格子整合の非制限例は、約3%以内で整合する、Crの立方体−面の対角線およびGeの立方体−面の対角線の2分の1に加えて、約8%以内で整合するCrおよびパラジウム(Pd)を含む。
Claims (51)
- 半導体素子を形成するための方法であって、該方法は、
テクスチャード加工されたテンプレートを提供することと、
該テクスチャード加工されたテンプレート上に緩衝層を形成することと、
該緩衝層上に基板層を形成することと、
該テクスチャード加工されたテンプレートを除去し、それにより、該緩衝層の表面を露出させることと、
該緩衝層の露出面上に半導体層を形成することと
を含む、方法。 - 前記緩衝層の形成中、該緩衝層は、前記テクスチャード加工されたテンプレートのテクスチャを受け継ぐ、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記テクスチャは、前記緩衝層の前記露出面上に出現する、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記緩衝層を形成する前に、前記テクスチャード加工されたテンプレート上に犠牲層を形成することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記犠牲層の形成中、該犠牲層は、前記テクスチャード加工されたテンプレートの前記テクスチャを受け継ぐ、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記テクスチャード加工されたテンプレートの除去中に、前記犠牲層を除去することをさらに含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記犠牲層は、Pdを含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記基板層を形成する前に、前記緩衝層上に絶縁層を形成することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記絶縁層は、酸化物を含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記基板層を形成する前に、前記緩衝層上に拡散障壁を形成することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記拡散障壁は、前記テクスチャード加工されたテンプレートの前記テクスチャを実質的に含まない、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記拡散障壁は、W、Re、酸化物、または窒化物のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記拡散障壁は、Wを含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記基板層は、W、Mo、金属合金、セラミック、またはガラスのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記基板層は、約350℃を上回る温度でのAs含有相またはSi含有相のうちの少なくとも1つの形成に実質的に影響されない材料を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記基板層は、前記テクスチャード加工されたテンプレートの前記テクスチャを実質的に含まない、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記半導体層は、Si、Ge、またはInGaAsのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記基板層の熱膨張係数は、前記半導体層の熱膨張係数と実質的に一致する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記緩衝層は、Cr、酸化物、または窒化物のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記テクスチャード加工されたテンプレートは、Cu、Ni、またはCu−Ni合金のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記半導体層は、p−n接合部またはp−i−n接合部のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記半導体層上に半導体素子を形成することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記半導体素子は、GaAs、AlGaAs、InGaP、InGaAsN、InGaAsP、InP、AlInAs、またはInGaAsのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記半導体素子は、光起電力電池、発光ダイオード、またはレーザのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記基板層は、前記半導体素子のためのバック接点として機能する、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 半導体構造であって、
実質的にテクスチャード加工されていない基板層と、
該基板層上に配置された、テクスチャード加工された緩衝層と、
該テクスチャード加工された緩衝層上に配置された、半導体層と
を含む、半導体構造。 - 前記テクスチャード加工された緩衝層の粒径は、約25μmを上回る、請求項26に記載の半導体構造。
- 前記テクスチャード加工された緩衝層は、金属または金属合金を含む、請求項26に記載の半導体構造。
- 前記テクスチャード加工された緩衝層は、Crを含む、請求項28に記載の半導体構造。
- 前記テクスチャード加工された緩衝層は、酸化物または窒化物のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項26に記載の半導体構造。
- 前記基板層と前記テクスチャード加工された緩衝層との間に配置された、拡散障壁をさらに含む、請求項26に記載の半導体構造。
- 前記拡散障壁は、金属または金属合金を含む、請求項31に記載の半導体構造。
- 前記拡散障壁は、WまたはReのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項32に記載の半導体構造。
- 前記拡散障壁は、酸化物または窒化物のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項31に記載の半導体構造。
- 前記基板層と前記テクスチャード加工された緩衝層との間に配置された、絶縁層をさらに含む、請求項26に記載の半導体構造。
- 前記絶縁層は、酸化物を含む、請求項35に記載の半導体構造。
- 前記基板層は、W、Mo、金属合金、セラミック、またはガラスのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項26に記載の半導体構造。
- 前記基板層の熱膨張係数は、前記半導体層の熱膨張係数と実質的に一致する、請求項26に記載の半導体構造。
- 前記半導体層上に配置された半導体素子をさらに含む、請求項26に記載の半導体構造。
- 前記半導体素子は、光起電力電池、発光ダイオード、またはレーザのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項39に記載の半導体構造。
- 前記半導体素子は、GaAs、AlGaAs、InGaP、InGaAsN、InGaAsP、InP、AlInAs、またはInGaAsのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項39に記載の半導体構造。
- 半導体素子であって、
実質的にテクスチャード加工されていないフレキシブル基板層と、
該基板層上に配置された、複数のテクスチャード加工された半導体接合部と
を含む、半導体素子。 - 前記基板層と前記複数の半導体接合部との間に配置された、テクスチャード加工された緩衝層をさらに含む、請求項42に記載の半導体素子。
- 前記基板層と前記複数の半導体接合部との間に配置された、絶縁層をさらに含む、請求項42に記載の半導体素子。
- 前記複数の半導体接合部は、約15%を上回るエネルギー変換効率を有する光起電力電池を形成する、請求項42に記載の半導体素子。
- 前記半導体接合部の各々の粒径は、約25μmを上回る、請求項42に記載の半導体素子。
- 構造であって、
第1の金属を含む、テクスチャード加工されたテンプレートと、
該テクスチャード加工されたテンプレート上に配置された緩衝層であって、該緩衝層は、該第1の金属とは異なる第2の金属を含む、緩衝層と、
該緩衝層上に配置された、実質的にテクスチャード加工されていない基板層であって、該基板層は、セラミック、ガラス、または該第1および第2の金属の両方とは異なる第3の金属のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、基板層と
を含む、構造。 - 前記緩衝層のテクスチャは、前記テクスチャード加工されたテンプレートの前記テクスチャと実質的に一致する、請求項47に記載の構造。
- 前記基板層は、約350℃を上回る温度でのAs含有相またはSi含有相のうちの少なくとも1つの形成に実質的に影響されない材料を含み、前記テクスチャード加工されたテンプレートは、約350℃を上回る温度でAs含有相またはSi含有相のうちの少なくとも1つを形成する材料を含む、請求項47に記載の構造。
- 前記緩衝層と前記基板層との間に配置された、実質的にテクスチャード加工されていない拡散障壁をさらに備え、該散層は、酸化物、窒化物、または前記第1、第2、および第3の金属とは異なる第4の金属のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項47に記載の構造。
- 前記テクスチャード加工されたテンプレートと前記緩衝層との間に配置された、Pdを含むテクスチャード加工された犠牲層をさらに備える、請求項47に記載の構造。
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US8927392B2 (en) | 2015-01-06 |
US20090117679A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
WO2009059128A2 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
US20090114274A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
WO2009059128A3 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
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