JP5964747B2 - 1,4−ブタンジオールの生成のための微生物体及び関連する方法 - Google Patents
1,4−ブタンジオールの生成のための微生物体及び関連する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5964747B2 JP5964747B2 JP2012514213A JP2012514213A JP5964747B2 JP 5964747 B2 JP5964747 B2 JP 5964747B2 JP 2012514213 A JP2012514213 A JP 2012514213A JP 2012514213 A JP2012514213 A JP 2012514213A JP 5964747 B2 JP5964747 B2 JP 5964747B2
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Description
本出願は、内容全体が引用により本明細書中に組み込まれている、2009年6月4日に出願された米国仮出願第61/184,311号の優先権を主張するものである。
本発明は、1,4-ブタンジオール(BDO)を生成するのに十分な量で発現され、さらにBDOの発現のために最適化されるBDO経路酵素をコードする少なくとも1つの外因性核酸を含むBDO経路を含む非天然微生物体を提供する。本発明は、さらに、当該微生物体を使用してBDOを生成する方法を提供する。
本発明は、4-ヒドロキシブタン酸(4-HB)、γ-ブチロラクトン及び1,4-ブタンジオール(BDO)の生合成生成機能を有する細胞及び生物体の設計及び生成に向けられる。本発明は、特に、BDO経路酵素をコードする1つ以上の核酸を導入することによってBDOを生成することが可能な微生物体の設計に関する。
当該BDO経路は、スクシニル-CoAレダクターゼ、4-ヒドロキシブチレートデヒドロゲナーゼ、4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAトランスフェラーゼ、4-ヒドロキシブチレートキナーゼ、ホスホトランス-4-ヒドロキシブチリラーゼ、4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAレダクターゼ、4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAレダクターゼ(アルコール形成)又は1,4-ブタンジオールデヒドロゲナーゼをさらに含むことができる。
2CO2 + 4H2 + nADP + nPi → CH3COOH + 2H2O + nATP
したがって、Wood-Ljungdahl経路を有する非天然微生物は、アセチル-CoA及び他の所望の生成物を生成するためにCO2とH2の混合物をも利用することができる。
(4-ヒドロキシブタン酸の生合成)
本実施例では、4-HB生成のための例示的な生化学合成経路について記載する。
コハク酸セミアルデヒドは、また、グルタメート:コハク酸セミアルデヒドトランスアミナーゼ及びグルタメートデカルボキシラーゼの2つの酵素の作用によりTCA回路中間体α-ケトグルタレートを介して大腸菌などの特定の微生物体によって自然に生成される。スクシネートを分解するために必須の嫌気性菌クロストリジウム・クルイベリによって使用される代替的経路は、スクシネートをスクシニル-CoAに活性化させ、次いでこの方向に機能することが知られる代替的コハク酸セミアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼを使用してスクシニル-CoAをコハク酸セミアルデヒドに変換する(Sohling及びGottschalk、Eur. J. Biochem. 212:121-127(1993))。しかし、この経路は、スクシネートをスクシニル-CoAに変換するのに必要とされるATPのエネルギーコストを有する。
(スクシネート及びアルファ-ケトグルタレートからの1,4-ブタンジオールの生合成)
本実施例では、微生物体からの4-HB及びBDOの構築及び生合成生成を例示する。4-HB及びBDOのための経路は、本明細書に開示されている。
表7. 4-HB-CoA経路における遺伝子を発現するプラスミドを含むMG1655lacIQ由来の細胞抽出液のインビトロ酵素活性。活性は単位/mgタンパク質で記載した。活性の単位は、1分間に室温で1μmolの基質を変換するのに必要な酵素量として定義した。
pACYC起点及びクロラムフェニコール耐性を有する中複製プラスミドpZA33におけるPlacから発現される遺伝子
(c)mgタンパク質/ml抽出液として与えられた細胞タンパク質
表8. 4-HB経路遺伝子の各種組合せを発現するプラスミドを含むE.コリ株におけるコハク酸からの4-HBの産生
表9. アルデヒド及びアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼの遺伝子候補を発現するpZA33を含むMG16551aclQ由来の細胞抽出液のインビトロ酵素活性。活性を、μmol分-1細胞タンパク質-1で表す。N.D.,決定せず。
表10. C.アセトブチリクム由来adhE2、C.クルイベリ由来sucD、又はP,ギンギバリス由来sucD(図3の実験2、9及び10からのデータ)を発現する細胞の培養液、並びにネガティブコントロール(実験1)からの絶対的及び規準化BDO濃度
表11. P.ギンギバリス(0034)由来cat2又はpZA33におけるC.アセトブチリクム由来PTB/BK遺伝子のいずれかとともにpZE13におけるC.アセトブチリクム由来adhE2を発現する、細胞の培養液からの絶対的及び規準化BDO濃度。宿主株は、MG1655lacIQ、又はMG1655△adhE lacIQである。
表12. 20g/Lグルコースで補充した最小培地で成長させた、BDO経路遺伝子の組合せを発現する組換えEコリ株におけるBDO、4-HB、及びコハク酸の産生。濃度は、mMである。
表13. 20g/Lグルコースで補充した最小培地で嫌気的に成長させ、かつ0.lmM IPTG導入の24時間後に集菌した、種々のBDO経路変異のための組換えEコリ株遺伝子におけるBDO、4-HB、及びコハク酸の産生。濃度は、mMである。
(4-ヒドロキシブタン酸、γ-ブチロラクトン及び1,4-ブタンジオールの生合成)
本実施例では、発酵及び他のバイオプロセスを使用する4-ヒドロキシブタン酸、γ-ブチロラクトン及び1,4-ブタンジオールの生合成生成について記載する。
(例示的なBDO経路)
本実施例では、1,4-ブタンジオール(BDO)合成経路についての例示的な酵素及び対応する遺伝子を記載する。
表14. 共通の主要代謝中間体を1,4-ブタンジオールに変換するのに必要な酵素種。各ラベルの最初の3つの数字は、最初の3つの酵素コミッション番号に対応する。コミッション番号の数字は、基質特異性に非依存的な一般的な変換の種類を示す。
アルデヒドからアルコール.アルデヒドからアルコールの変換を触媒する酵素、即ちアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ又は同等にアルデヒドレダクターゼをコードする例示的な遺伝子は、C2〜C14の中鎖アルコールデヒドロゲナーゼをコードするalrA(Taniら、Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:5231-5235(2000))、サッカロマイセス・セレビシアエのADH2(Atsumiら、Nature 451:86-89(2008))、C(3)より長い分子を選択する大腸菌のyqhD(Sulzenbacherら、Journal of Molecular Biology 342:489-502(2004))ブチリアルデヒドをブタノールに変換するC.アセトブチリクムのbdhI及びbdhII(Walterら、Journal of Bacteriology 174:7149-7158(1992))を含む。これらの例示的な遺伝子生成物の各々についてのタンパク質配列を、入手可能であれば、以下のGenBank受入番号を使用して見いだすことができる。
アシル-CoAをアルコールに変換する例示的な2工程オキシドレダクターゼは、基質を変換するもの、例えば、アセチル-CoAをエタノールに変換するもの(例えば、大腸菌のadhE(Kesskerら、FEBS. Lett. 281:59-63(1991))及びブチリル-CoAをブタノールに変換するもの(例えば、C.アセトブチリクム(Fontaineら、J. Bacteriol. 184:821-830(2002))を含む。アセチル-CoAをエタノールに還元することに加えて、ロイコノストク・メセンテロイデスにおけるadhEによってコードされる酵素は、分枝鎖化合物イソブチルアルデヒドをイソブチリル-CoAに酸化することが証明された(Kazahayaら、J. Gen.Appl.Microbiol. 18:43-55(1972); Kooら、Biotechnol Lett. 27:505-510(2005))。
いくつかのアシル-CoAデヒドロゲナーゼは、アシル-CoAを、その対応するアルデヒドに還元することが可能である。当該酵素をコードする例示的な遺伝子は、脂肪アシル-CoAレダクターゼをコードするアシネトバクター・カルコアセチクス(Acinetobacter calcoaceticus)acr1(Reiser及びSomerville、J. Bacteriology 179:2969-2975(1997))、アシネトバクター属M-1脂肪アシル-CoAレダクターゼ(Ishigeら、Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 68:1192-1195(2002))、並びにクロストリジウム・クルイベリにおけるsucD遺伝子によってコードされるCoA及びNADP依存性スクシネートセミアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ(Sohling及びGottschalk J Bacteriol 178:871-80(1996);Sohling及びGottschalk J Bacteriol. 178:871-880 (1996))を含む。P.ギンギバリスのSucDは、別のスクシネートセミアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼである(Takahashiら、J.Bacteriol. 182:4704-4710 (2000))。bphGによってコード化される、シュードモナス属におけるアセトアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼをアシル化する酵素は、アセトアルデヒド、プロピオンアルデヒド、ブチルアルデヒド、イソブチルアルデヒド及びホルムアルデヒドを酸化及びアシル化することが証明されたため、さらに別の酵素である(Powlowskiら、J Bacteriol. 175:377-385(1993))。
この系統の酵素は、1)分枝鎖2-ケト酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、2)アルファ-ケトグルタレートデヒドロゲナーゼ及び3)ピルベートデヒドロゲナーゼ多酵素複合体(PDHC)を含む。これらの酵素は、2-ケト酸の酸化性脱カルボキシル化をもたらす一連の部分反応を触媒する多酵素複合体である。2-ケト酸デヒドロゲナーゼ複合体のそれぞれは、中間的代謝における主要位置を占め、酵素活性は、典型的には厳密に制御される(Friesら、Biochemistry 42:6996-7002(2003))。それらの酵素は、アルファ-ケト酸デカルボキシラーゼ(E1)、ジヒドロリポアミドアシルトランスフェラーゼ(E2)及びジヒドロリポアミドデヒドロゲナーゼ(E3)の3つの触媒成分の多数の複製物で構成された複雑であるが、共通の構造体を共有する。E3成分は、生物体におけるすべての2-ケト酸デヒドロゲナーゼ複合体の間で共有され、E1及びE2成分は、異なる遺伝子によってコードされる。酵素成分は、複合体に多くの複製物で存在し、基質チャネリングを介して反応の指向性配列を触媒するために多数の共同因子を利用する。これらのデヒドロゲナーゼ複合体の全体的なサイズは非常に大きく、分子質量は、4から1000万Daである(即ち、リボソームより大きい)。
このクラスにおける例示的な酵素は、グリセルアルデヒド-3-ホスフェートをD-グリセレート1,3-ビスホスフェートに変換するグリセルアルデヒド3-ホスフェートデヒドロゲナーゼ(例えば、大腸菌gapA(Branlant及びBranlant Eur. J. Biochem. 150:61-66(1985))、L-アスパルテート-4-セミアルデヒドをL-4-アスパルチル-ホスフェートに変換するアスパルテート-セミアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ(例えば、大腸菌asd(Biellmannら、Eur. J. Biochem. 104:53-58(1980))、N-アセチル-L-グルタメート-5-セミアルデヒドをN-アセチル-L-グルタミル-5-ホスフェートに変換するN-アセチル-ガンマ-グルタミル-ホスフェートレダクターゼ(例えば、大腸菌argC(Parsotら、Gene 68:275-283(1988))、及びL-グルタメート-5-セミアルデヒドをL-グルタミル-5-ホスフェートに変換するグルタメート-5-セミアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ(例えば、大腸菌proA(Smithら、J. Bacteriol. 157:545-551(1984))を含む。
例示的なエノイル-CoAレダクターゼは、クロトニル-CoAのブチリル-CoAへの還元を自然に触媒するC.アセトブチリクムのbcdの遺伝子生成物である(Atsumiら、Metab Eng(2007);Boyntonら、Journal of Bacteriology 178:3015-3024(1996))。電子転移フラボタンパク質をコードするC.アセトブチリクムetfAB遺伝子の発現と並行してbcdを発現させることによって酵素の活性を高めることができる。エノイル-CoAレダクターゼ工程のさらなる候補はE.グラシリス(gracilis)のミトコンドリアエノイル-CoAレダクターゼである(Hoffmeisterら、Journal of Biological Chemistry 280:4329-4338(2005))。そのミトコンドリア標的リーダー配列の除去に続いてこの配列から誘導された構築物を大腸菌にクローン化することで活性酵素を得た(Hoffmeisterら、前出、(2005))。このアプローチは、真核生物遺伝子、特に、原核生物体において、特定の細胞内区画に遺伝子生成物を導くことができるリーダー配列を有する遺伝子を発現させる技術分野の当業者に周知である。原核生物トレポネマ・デンチコラ(Treponema denticola)のこの遺伝子の近相同体TDE0597は、大腸菌においてクローン化及び発現された第3のエノイル-CoAレダクターゼを表す(Tucci及びMartin FEBS Letters 581:1561-1566(2007))。
アミノ酸に作用するほとんどのオキシドレダクターゼは、NAD+あるいはNADP+を受容体とするアルファ-アミノ酸の酸化性脱アミノ化を触媒する。アミノ酸に作用する例示的なオキシドレダクターゼは、gdhAによってコードされるグルタメートデヒドロゲナーゼ(脱アミノ化)、ldhによってコードされるロイシンデヒドロゲナーゼ(脱アミノ化)、及びnadXによってコード化されるアスパルテートデヒドロゲナーゼ(脱アミノ化)を含む。エシェリキア・コリのgdhA遺伝子生成物(Korberら、J. Mol. Biol. 234:1270-1273(1993);McPherson及びWootton Nucleic. Acids Res. 11:5257-5266(1983))、テルモトガ・マリチマのgdh(Kortら、Extremophiles 1:52-60(1997);Lebbinkら、J. Mol. Biol. 280:287-296(1998));Lebbinkら、J. Mol. Biol. 289:357-369(1999))、及びハロバクテリウム・サリナルムのgdhAl(Ingoldsbyら、Gene 349:237-244(2005))は、グルタメートと2-オキソグルタレート及びアンモニアとの可逆的相互変換を触媒し、それぞれNADP(H)、NAD(H)又はその両方に有利に働く。バシルス・セレウスのldh遺伝子は、ロイシン、イソロイシン、バリン及び2-アミノブタノエートを含む広範な基質を有するLeuDHタンパク質をコードする(Ansorge及びKula Biotechnol Bioeng. 68:557-562(2000);Stoyanら、J.Biotechnol 54:77-80(1997))。アスパルテートデヒドロゲナーゼに対してコードするテルモトガ・マリチメ(Thermotoga maritime)のnadX遺伝子は、NADの生合成に関与する(Yangら、J.Biol.Chem. 278:8804-8808 (2003))。
例示的なホスフェート転移アシルトランスフェラーゼは、ptaによってコードされるホスホトランスアセチラーゼ及びptbによってコードされるホスホトランスブチリラーゼを含む。大腸菌のpta遺伝子は、アセチル-CoAをアセチル-ホスフェートに、又はその逆に変換することができる酵素をコードする(Suzuki, T. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 191:559-569(1969))。この酵素は、そのプロセスでプロピオネートを形成するアセチル-CoAの代わりにプロピオニル-CoAを利用することもできる(Hesslingerら、Mol.Microbiol 27:477-492(1998))。同様に、C.アセトブチリクムのptb遺伝子は、ブチリル-CoAをブチリル-ホスフェートに変換することができる酵素をコードする(Walterら、Gene 134(1):p. 107-11 (1993);Huangら、J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2(1):p.33-38(2000))。さらなるptb遺伝子をブチレート生成細菌L2-50(Louisら、J.Bacteriol.186:2099-2106(2004))及びバシルス・メガテリウム(Vazquezら、Curr.Microbiol 42:345-349(2001))に見いだすことができる。
アスパルテートアミノトランスフェラーゼは、アミノ基をアスパルテートからアルファ-ケトグルタレートに転移して、グルタメート及びオキサロアセテートを形成する。この変換は、例えば、エシェリキア・コリのaspC(Yagiら、FEBS Lett. 100:81-84(1979);Yagiら、Methods Enzymol. 113:83-89(1985))、サッカロマイセス・セレビシアエのAAT2(Yagiら、J Biochem.92:35-43 (1982))及びアラビドプシス・タリアナのASP5(48, 108, 225 48. de laら、Plant J 46:414-425(2006);Kwok及びHanson J Exp.Bot. 55:595-604(2004);Wilkie及びWarren Protein Expr.Purif. 12:381-389(1998))の遺伝子生成物によって触媒される。バリンアミノトランスフェラーゼは、バリン及びピルベートの2-ケトイソバレレート及びアラニンへの変換を触媒する。大腸菌遺伝子avtAは、1つの当該酵素をコードする(Whalen及びBerg J.Bacteriol. 150:739-746(1982))。この遺伝子生成物は、また、α-ケトブチレートのアミノ化を触媒してα-アミノブチレートを生成するが、この反応におけるアミン供与体は特定されていない(Whalen及びBerg J. Bacteriol. 158:571-574(1984))。大腸菌serCの遺伝子生成物は、2つの反応、ホスホセリンアミノトランスフェラーゼ及びホスホヒドロキシトレオニンアミノトランスフェラーゼを触媒し(Lam及びWinkler J. Bacteriol. 172:6518-6528(1990))、非リン酸化基質に対する活性を検出できなかった(Drewkeら、FEBS. Lett. 390:179-182(1996))。
例示的なキナーゼは、ackAによってコードされる大腸菌アセテートキナーゼ(Skarstedt及びSilverstein J. Biol. Chem. 251:6775-6783(1976))、buk1及びbuk2によってコードされるC.アセトブチリクムブチレートキナーゼ(Walterら、Gene 134(1):107-111(1993)(Huangら、J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2(l):33-38(2000)]、及びproBによってコードされる大腸菌ガンマ-グルタミルキナーゼ(Smithら、J.Bacteriol. 157:545-551(1984))を含む。これらの酵素は、それぞれアセテート、ブチレート及びグルタメートをリン酸化する。大腸菌のackA遺伝子生成物は、プロピオネートをもリン酸化する(Hesslingerら、Mol. Microbiol 27:477-492(1998))。
CoA-トランスフェラーゼ系統において、アセテート-CoAトランスフェラーゼ(EC2.8.3.8)としても知られる大腸菌酵素アシル-CoA:アセテート-CoAトランスフェラーゼは、イソブチレート(Matthies及びSchink Appl Environ Microbiol 58:1435-1439(1992))、バレレート(Vanderwinkelら、Biochem. Biophys. Res Commun. 33:902-908(1968)及びブタノエート(Vanderwinkel、前出(1968))を含む様々な分枝状及び直鎖状アシル-CoA基質からCoA部分をアセテートに転移することが証明された。この酵素は、大腸菌種K12におけるatoA(アルファサブユニット)及びatoD(ベータサブユニット)(Korolevら、Acta Crystallogr.D Biol Crystallogr. 58:2116-2121(2002); Vanderwinkel、前出(1968))、並びにコリネバクテリウム・グルタミクムにおけるactA及びcg0592(Duncanら、Appl Environ Microbiol 68:5186-5190(2002))によってコードされる。配列相同性によって見いだされるさらなる遺伝子は、エシェリキア・コリUT189のatoD及びatoAを含む。
CoAヒドロラーゼ系統において、酵素3-ヒドロキシイソブチリル-CoAヒドロラーゼは、3-HIBCoAに対して特異的であり、バリン分解中に所望の変換を効率的に触媒することが示された(Shimomuraら、J Biol Chem 269:14248-14253(1994))。この酵素をコードする遺伝子は、ラッタス・ノルベギクス(Shimomuraら、前出(1994);Shimomuraら、Methods Enzymol. 324:229-240(2000))及びホモサピエンス(Shimomuraら、前出、2000)のhibchを含む。配列相同性による候補遺伝子は、サッカロマイセス・セレビシアエのhibch及びバシルス・セレウスのBC_2292を含む。
例示的なカルボキシ-リアーゼは、2-アセトラクテートをアセトインに変換するシトレート異化及び分枝鎖アミノ酸生合成に関与するアセトラクテートデカルボキシラーゼである。ラクトコッカス・ラクチスにおいて、酵素は、遺伝子aldBによってコードされる6つのサブユニットで構成され、バリン、ロイシン及びイソロイシンによって活性化される(Goupilら、Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 62:2636-2640 (1996);Goupil-Feuilleratら、J.Bacteriol. 182:5399-5408(2000))。この酵素は、大腸菌において過剰発現され、特徴づけられた(Phalipら、FEBS Lett. 351:95-99(1994))。他の生物体において、該酵素は、ストレプトコクス・テルモフィルスのaldC(Monnetら、Lett.Appl.Microbiol. 36:399-405(2003))、バシルス・ブレビスのaldB(Diderichsenら、J.Bacteriol. 172:4315-4321(1990);Najmudinら、Acta Crystallogr.D.Biol.Crystallogr. 59:1073-1075(2003))及びエンテロバクター・アエロゲネスのbudA(Diderichsenら、J.Bacteriol. 172:4315-4321(1990))によってコードされる二量体である。バシルス・ブレビスの酵素は、バシルス・スブチリスにおいてクローン化及び過剰発現され、結晶学的に特徴づけられた(Najmudinら、Acta Crystallogr.D.Biol.Crystallogr. 59:1073-1075(2003))。また、ロイコノストク・ラクチスの酵素は、精製され、特徴づけられたが、遺伝子は単離されていない(O'Sullivanら、FEMS Microbiol.Lett. 194:245-249(2001))。
ケト酸デカルボキシラーゼとも呼ばれるピルベートデカルボキシラーゼ(PDC、EC4.1.1.1)は、ピルベートのアセトアルデヒドへの脱カルボキシル化を触媒する、アルコール発酵における主要酵素である。この酵素は、2-ケトブチレート、2-ケトバレレート、3-ヒドロキシピルベート及び2-フェニルピルベートを含む、脂肪族2-ケト酸に対する広い基質範囲を有する(Bergら、Science 318:1782-1786(2007))。pdcによってコードされるジモモナス・モビルスのPDCは、異なる基質に対する親和性を変化させた指向的操作研究の対象になってきた(Siegertら、Protein Eng Des Sel 18:345-357 (2005))。サッカロマイセス・セレビシアエのPDCも広範に研究され、変化した活性に対して操作され、大腸菌において機能的に発現された((Killenberg-Jabsら、Eur.J.Biochem. 268:1698-1704(2001);Li及びJordan Biochemistry 38:10004-10012(1999); ter Schureら、Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 64:1303-1307(1998))。この酵素の結晶構造が入手可能である(Killenberg-Jabs Eur.J.Biochem. 268:1698-1704(2001))。他の十分に特徴づけられたPDC候補は、アセトバクター・パステウリアンス(Chandraら、Arch.Microbiol. 176:443-451(2001))及びクルイベロマイセス・ラクチス(Kriegerら、Eur.J.Biochem. 269:3256-3263(2002))の酵素を含む。
ユーバクテリウム・バルケリの2-(ヒドロキシメチル)グルタレートデヒドラターゼは、例示的なヒドロ-リアーゼである。この酵素は、ニコチネート異化の観点で研究され、hmdによってコードされる(Alhapelら、Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:12341-12346(2006))。高度な配列相同性を有する類似の酵素が、バクテロイデス・カピロサス、アナエロトルンクス・コリホミニス及びナタラナエロビウス・テルモフィルスに見いだされる。
アスパルテートのフマレートへの脱アミノ化を触媒するアスパルターゼ(EC 4.3.1.1)は、微生物において一般的な酵素であり、広く特徴づけられた(Viola, R. E. Adv.Enzymol.Relat Areas Mol.Biol 74:295-341(2000))。aspAによってコードされる大腸菌アスパルターゼの結晶構造が解明された(Shiら、Biochemistry 36:9136-9144 (1997))。大腸菌酵素は、代替的な基質のアスパルテートフェニルメチルエステル、アスパラギン、ベンジル-アスパルテート及びマレートと反応することも証明された(Maら、Ann N.Y.Acad Sci 672:60-65(1992))。個別の研究において、基質特異性を変化させるために、この酵素に対して指向性進化が採用された(Asanoら、Biomol.Eng 22:95-101(2005))。アスパルターゼ機能性を有する酵素は、ハエモフィルス・インフルエンザエ(Sjostromら、Biochim.Biophys.Acta 1324:182-190(1997))、シュードモナス・フルオレセンス(Takagiら、J.Biochem. 96:545-552(1984))、バシルス・スブチルス(Sjostromら、Biochim.Biophys.Acta 1324:182-190(1997))及びセラチア・マルセセンス(Takagi及びKisumi J Bacteriol. 161:1-6(1985))においても特徴づけられた。
クロストリジウム・アミノブチリウム及びC.クルイベリの両方の4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAデヒドラターゼは、4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAのクロトニル-CoAへの可逆的変換を触媒し、固有のビニルアセチル-CoAΔ-イソメラーゼ活性を保持する(Scherf及びBuckel Eur.J Biochem. 215:421-429(1993);Scherfら、Arch.Microbiol 161:239-245(1994))。N末端アミノ酸配列を含む両原生酵素が精製され、特徴づけられた(Scherf及びBuckel、前出、1993;Scherfら、前出、1994)。C.アミノブチリウム及びC.クルイベリのabfD遺伝子は、これらのN末端アミノ酸配列と厳密に一致するため、4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAデヒドロゲナーゼ/ビニルアセチル-CoAΔイソメラーゼをコードしている。加えて、ポルフィロモナス・ギンギバリスATCC 33277のabfD遺伝子は、ゲノムプロジェクトから相同性を介して特定される。
リジン2,3-アミノムターゼ(EC 5.4.3.2)は、リジンを(3S)-3,6-ジアミノヘキサノエートに変換して、アミン基を2位から3位にシフトさせる例示的なアミノムターゼである。該酵素は、フソバクテリウム・ヌレアツム(Fusobacterium nuleatum)(kamA)(Barkerら、J.Bacteriol. 152:201-207(1982))及びクロストリジウム・スブテルミナレ(kamA)(Chirpichら、J.Biol.Chem. 245:1778-1789(1970))を含む、リジンをアセテート及びブチレートに発酵させる細菌に見いだされる。クロストリジウム・スブテルミナレの酵素が結晶化された(Leporeら、Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A 102:13819-13824(2005))。この機能をコードする酵素は、バシルス・スブチルスのyodOによってもコードされる(Chenら、Biochem.J. 348 Pt 3:539-549(2000))。該酵素は、ピリドキサル5'-ホスフェートを共同因子として利用し、S-アデノシルメトイオニンによる活性化を必要とし、L-リジンのみと反応する立体選択性を有する。該酵素は、代替的な基質と反応することが証明されていない。
例示的な酸-チオールリガーゼは、インビボで可逆的な反応である、1つのATPのコンカミナント消費を伴うスクシネートからのスクシニル-CoAの形成をともに触媒する大腸菌のsucCDの遺伝子生成物である(Buckら、Biochemistry 24(22):p.6245-6252(1985))。さらなる例示的なCoA-リガーゼは、配列がまだ特徴づけられていないラットジカルボキシレート-CoAリガーゼ(Vamecqら、Biochem J. 230(3):p. 683-693(1985))、P.チリソゲヌムの2つの特徴づけられたフェニルアセテート-CoAリガーゼ(Lamas-Maceirasら、Biochem J 395(1):147-155(2006);Wangら、Biochem Biophys Res Commun、360(2):453-458(2007))、シュードモナス・プチダのフェニルアセテート-CoAリガーゼ(Martinez-Blancoら、J Biol Chem. 265(12):7084-7090(1990))、及びバシルス・スブチルスの6-カルボキシヘキサノエート-CoAリガーゼ(Bowerら、J Bacteriol 178(14):4122-4130(1996))を含む。
(スクシニル-CoAからの例示的なBDO経路)
本実施例では、スクシニル-CoAからの例示的なBDO経路について記載する。
(アルファ-ケトグルタレートからのさらなる例示的なBDO経路)
本実施例では、アルファ-ケトグルタレートからのBDO経路について記載する。
(4-アミノブチレートからのBDO経路)
本実施例では、4-アミノブチレートからの例示的なBDO経路について記載する。
(アルファ-ケトグルタレートの例示的なBDO経路)
本実施例では、アルファ-ケトグルタレートからの例示的なBDO経路について記載する。
(グルタメートからの例示的なBDO経路)
本実施例では、グルタレートからの例示的なBDO経路について記載する。
(アセトアセチル-CoAからの例示的なBDO経路)
本実施例では、アセトアセチル-CoAからの例示的なBDO経路について記載する。
(ホモセリンからの例示的なBDO経路)
本実施例では、ホモセリンからの例示的なBDO経路について記載する。
(スクシニル-CoAシンテターゼを発現するBDO生成菌株)
本実施例では、スクシニル-CoAシンテターゼを発現するBDO生成菌株におけるBDOの増大された生成について記載する。
(BDO経路酵素をコードする異種遺伝子の発現)
本実施例では、BDOの生成の向上をもたらす様々な非原生経路酵素の発現について記載する。
(ピルベートデヒドロゲナーゼを発現するBDO生成菌株)
本実施例では、BDO生成を向上させるためのピルベートデヒドロゲナーゼ(PDH)の利用について記載する。クレブシエラ肺炎桿菌(Klebsiella pneumonia)lpdAの異種発現を使用してBDO生成を向上させた。
(シトレートシンターゼ及びアコニターゼを発現するBDO生成菌株)
本実施例では、シトレートシンターゼ及びアコニターゼの活性を向上させてBDOの生成を増大させることについて記載する。gltAへのR163L突然変異は、BDO生成を向上させることが判明した。また、arcAノックアウトを使用してBDO生成を向上させた。
1. 80mol%非標識、20mol%均一-13C
2. 10mol%非標識、90mol%均一-13C
3. 90mol% 1-13C、10mol%均一-13C
4. 40mol% 1-13C、60mol%均一-13C
(BDO菌株発現ホスホエノールピルベートカルボキシキナーゼ)
本実施例では、BDO生成を向上させるためのホスホエノールピルベートカルボキシキナーゼ(PEPCK)の利用について記載する。ヘモフィルス・インフルエンザ(Haemophilus influenza)PEPCK遺伝子を異種発現に使用した。
(特定の組込み部位におけるBDO経路コード化遺伝子の組込み)
本実施例では、より効率的な発現及び安定性を実現するための様々なBDO経路遺伝子のfimD座への組込みについて記載する。
(ピルベート副産物の形成を低減するための非ホスホトランスフェラーゼスクロース取込み系の使用)
本実施例では、スクロースのBDOへの変換における副産物としてのピルベートを減少させるための非ホスホトランスフェラーゼ(PTS)スクロース取込み系の利用について記載する。
(BDO生成菌株の概要)
本実施例では、様々なBDO生成菌株について記載する。
Claims (33)
(A)以下から選択されるBDO経路を含み:
(i)以下を含むBDO経路:
(a)アルファ-ケトグルタレートデカルボキシラーゼ;又は
アルファ-ケトグルタレートデヒドロゲナーゼ及びCoA依存性スクシネートセミアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ;又は
グルタメート:スクシネートセミアルデヒドトランスアミナーゼ及びグルタメートデカルボキシラーゼ;
(b)4-ヒドロキシブチレートデヒドロゲナーゼ;
(c)4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAトランスフェラーゼ;又は
4-ヒドロキシブチレートキナーゼ及びホスホトランス-4-ヒドロキシブチリラーゼ;
(d)4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAレダクターゼ及び4-ヒドロキシブチルアルデヒドレダクターゼ;又は
4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAを1,4-ブタンジオールに変換する、アルデヒド/アルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ;
(ii)以下を含むBDO経路:
(a)アルファ-ケトグルタレートデカルボキシラーゼ;又は
スクシニル-CoAシンテターゼ及びCoA依存性スクシネートセミアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ;
(b)4-ヒドロキシブチレートデヒドロゲナーゼ;
(c)4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAトランスフェラーゼ;又は
4-ヒドロキシブチレートキナーゼ及びホスホトランス-4-ヒドロキシブチリラーゼ;及び
(d)4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAを4-ヒドロキシブチルアルデヒドに変換するアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ;及び4-ヒドロキシブチルアルデヒドを1,4-ブタンジオールに変換するアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ;又は4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAを1,4-ブタンジオールに変換する、アルデヒド/アルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ;及び
(iii)以下を含むBDO経路:
(a)アルファ-ケトグルタレートデカルボキシラーゼ;又は
グルタメートデヒドロゲナーゼ;グルタメートデカルボキシラーゼ;及び脱アミノ化4-アミノブチレートオキシドレダクターゼ若しくは4-アミノブチレートトランスアミナーゼ;又は
アルファ-ケトグルタレートデヒドロゲナーゼ及びCoA依存性スクシネートセミアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ;
(b)4-ヒドロキシブチレートデヒドロゲナーゼ;及び
(c)4-ヒドロキシブチレートキナーゼ;ホスホトランス-4-ヒドロキシブチリラーゼ;4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAレダクターゼ;及び4-ヒドロキシブチルアルデヒドレダクターゼ;又は
4-ヒドロキシブチレートキナーゼ;リン酸化4-ヒドロキシブタナールデヒドロゲナーゼ;及び4-ヒドロキシブチルアルデヒドレダクターゼ;又は
4-ヒドロキシブチレートキナーゼ;ホスホトランス-4-ヒドロキシブチリラーゼ;及びアルコール形成4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAレダクターゼ;又は
4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAトランスフェラーゼ若しくは4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAヒドロラーゼ若しくは4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAリガーゼ;4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAレダクターゼ;及び4-ヒドロキシブチルアルデヒドレダクターゼ;又は
4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAトランスフェラーゼ若しくは4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAヒドロラーゼ若しくは4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAリガーゼ;及びアルコール形成4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAレダクターゼ、かつ
(B)好気性呼吸制御調節系のタンパク質をコードする遺伝子の破壊を含むか;又は外因性NADH非感受性シトレートシンターゼを発現する、
前記非天然細菌生物体。
(a)アルファ-ケトグルタレートデカルボキシラーゼ;又は
アルファ-ケトグルタレートデヒドロゲナーゼ及びCoA依存性スクシネートセミアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ;又は
グルタメート:スクシネートセミアルデヒドトランスアミナーゼ及びグルタメートデカルボキシラーゼ;
(b)4-ヒドロキシブチレートデヒドロゲナーゼ;
(c)4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAトランスフェラーゼ;又は
4-ヒドロキシブチレートキナーゼ及びホスホトランス-4-ヒドロキシブチリラーゼ;
(d)4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAレダクターゼ;及び
(e)4-ヒドロキシブチルアルデヒドレダクターゼ;又は
4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAを1,4-ブタンジオールに変換する、アルデヒド/アルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ;
を含む、請求項1記載の非天然細菌生物体。
(a)アルファ-ケトグルタレートデカルボキシラーゼ;又は
スクシニル-CoAシンテターゼ及びCoA依存性スクシネートセミアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ;
(b)4-ヒドロキシブチレートデヒドロゲナーゼ;
(c)4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAトランスフェラーゼ;又は
4-ヒドロキシブチレートキナーゼ及びホスホトランス-4-ヒドロキシブチリラーゼ;及び
(d)4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAを4-ヒドロキシブチルアルデヒドに変換するアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ;及び4-ヒドロキシブチルアルデヒドを1,4-ブタンジオールに変換するアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ;又は4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAを1,4-ブタンジオールに変換する、アルデヒド/アルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ;
を含む、請求項1記載の非天然細菌生物体。
(a)アルファ-ケトグルタレートデカルボキシラーゼ;又は
グルタメートデヒドロゲナーゼ;グルタメートデカルボキシラーゼ;及び脱アミノ化4-アミノブチレートオキシドレダクターゼ若しくは4-アミノブチレートトランスアミナーゼ;又は
アルファ-ケトグルタレートデヒドロゲナーゼ及びCoA依存性スクシネートセミアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ;
(b)4-ヒドロキシブチレートデヒドロゲナーゼ;及び
(c)4-ヒドロキシブチレートキナーゼ;ホスホトランス-4-ヒドロキシブチリラーゼ;4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAレダクターゼ;及び4-ヒドロキシブチルアルデヒドレダクターゼ;又は
4-ヒドロキシブチレートキナーゼ;リン酸化4-ヒドロキシブタナールデヒドロゲナーゼ;及び4-ヒドロキシブチルアルデヒドレダクターゼ;又は
4-ヒドロキシブチレートキナーゼ;ホスホトランス-4-ヒドロキシブチリラーゼ;及びアルコール形成4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAレダクターゼ;又は
4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAトランスフェラーゼ若しくは4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAヒドロラーゼ若しくは4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAリガーゼ;4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAレダクターゼ;及び4-ヒドロキシブチルアルデヒドレダクターゼ;又は
4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAトランスフェラーゼ若しくは4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAヒドロラーゼ若しくは4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAリガーゼ;及びアルコール形成4-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoAレダクターゼ;
を含む、請求項1記載の非天然細菌生物体。
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