JP5694645B2 - 改善された嗅ぎたばこ組成物 - Google Patents
改善された嗅ぎたばこ組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5694645B2 JP5694645B2 JP2008558728A JP2008558728A JP5694645B2 JP 5694645 B2 JP5694645 B2 JP 5694645B2 JP 2008558728 A JP2008558728 A JP 2008558728A JP 2008558728 A JP2008558728 A JP 2008558728A JP 5694645 B2 JP5694645 B2 JP 5694645B2
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- nicotine
- snuff
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- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006068 taste-masking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001226 triphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011178 triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002264 triphosphate group Chemical class [H]OP(=O)(O[H])OP(=O)(O[H])OP(=O)(O[H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FGAFEHZTRRYNDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine;dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2].CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 FGAFEHZTRRYNDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BRTHFWPGJMGHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine;dichloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2].CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 BRTHFWPGJMGHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
- A61K9/0056—Mouth soluble or dispersible forms; Suckable, eatable, chewable coherent forms; Forms rapidly disintegrating in the mouth; Lozenges; Lollipops; Bite capsules; Baked products; Baits or other oral forms for animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B13/00—Tobacco for pipes, for cigars, e.g. cigar inserts, or for cigarettes; Chewing tobacco; Snuff
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/12—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of reconstituted tobacco
- A24B15/14—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of reconstituted tobacco made of tobacco and a binding agent not derived from tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/465—Nicotine; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0087—Galenical forms not covered by A61K9/02 - A61K9/7023
- A61K9/009—Sachets, pouches characterised by the material or function of the envelope
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
- A61P25/34—Tobacco-abuse
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/141—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers
- A61K9/146—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers with organic macromolecular compounds
Description
本発明は、対象の口腔への適用後にニコチン作用の急速な発生を達成する嗅ぎたばこ組成物(snuff composition)の製造のためのニコチン-セルロース組合せの使用に関する。ここで、該組成物は、インビトロ溶解試験に供したとき、30分以内に総含量の約45%又はそれより多くのニコチンが放出されるような高い放出速度を有する。更に、本発明は、口腔への適用のための改善された嗅ぎたばこ組成物に関する。
ウェットタイプ嗅ぎたばこ(wet snuff)は、米国及びスカンジナビア(特に、スウェーデン)で主に見られるニコチン添加の異形であり、これらの国では、約20%の男性が毎日この異形を使用している。
本発明は、対象の口腔への適用後にニコチン作用の急速な発生を達成する嗅ぎたばこ組成物の製造のためのニコチン-セルロース組合せの使用に関する。この組成物は、インビトロ溶解試験に供したとき、30分以内に総含量の約45%又はそれより多くのニコチンが放出されるような高い放出速度を有する。
上記のように、ニコチンは任意の適切な形態で存在し得る。通常、ニコチンは、ニコチン塩基、ニコチン塩酸塩、ニコチン二塩酸塩、ニコチンモノ酒石酸塩、ニコチン重酒石酸塩、ニコチン硫酸塩、ニコチン塩化亜鉛(例えば、ニコチン塩化亜鉛一水和物)及びニコチンサリチル酸塩からなる群より選択される。好ましい観点では、ニコチンは、容易にセルロースに吸収・吸着して微結晶性セルロース-ニコチンキャリア複合体又はキャリア付加物を形成することができる遊離塩基形態である。
本発明による組成物はまた、1又はそれより多くの緩衝化剤を含有し得る。口腔での微かなアルカリ反応(7〜8)がニコチンの吸収を増強することは、広く知られている。したがって、微かなアルカリ反応が提供されるように組成物中に緩衝剤物質を組み込むことが有利であり得る。特に、口腔中へのニコチン放出用組成物(すなわち、嗅ぎたばこ組成物のような組成物)は、緩衝剤物質を有利に含有し得る。
本発明による組成物の感覚特性を改善するために、1又はそれより多くの甘味料又は質感改善剤、例えば、糖アルコール(キシリトール、ソルビトール、マルチトール及び/又はイソマルトを含む)又は例えばアスパルテーム、アセスルファム若しくはサッカリンのような人工甘味料を添加してもよい。
具体的実施形態では、本発明は以下に関する:
i) キャリアと、
ii) ニコチン又はその医薬的に許容され得る塩、溶媒和物、複合体若しくは誘導体とを含んでなり、インビトロ溶解試験に供したとき、総含量の少なくとも約30% w/wのニコチンが30分以内に放出される、嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
ii)1又はそれより多くの医薬的に許容され得る賦形剤又は添加剤
とを含んでなり、バッグ、ポーチ又は膜材料に包み込まれた嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
ii)矯味矯臭剤
iii)甘味料
を含んでなり、バッグ、ポーチ又は膜材料に包み込まれた嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
ii)矯味矯臭剤
iii)甘味料
iv)抗酸化剤
を含んでなり、バッグ、ポーチ又は膜材料中に包み込まれた嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
を含んでなる、高い放出速度を有する嗅ぎたばこ組成物を投与する方法。
ニコチン又はその医薬的に許容され得る塩、溶媒和物、複合体若しくは誘導体を、キャリアと組み合せる工程
を含んでなり、該組成物をインビトロ溶解試験に供したとき、総含量の少なくとも約30% w/wのニコチンが30分以内に放出される、方法。
図1は、透析膜のシリコーンホースへの組み立てを示す。このアセンブリは、嗅ぎたばこ組成物を試験するための溶解試験装置の一部である。
インビトロ溶解試験
本発明による嗅ぎたばこ組成物は、通常、ニコチンのインビトロ放出に関して特定の要件を充足させるために試験する。適切なインビトロ試験は問題の具体的組成物に依存する。一般に、当業者は、具体的組成物に関する該当する溶解試験を選択する方法に関するガイダンスを公式専門書(例えば、欧州薬局方)に見出す。下記に、嗅ぎたばこ組成物の場合の適切な溶解試験を説明する。
以下の、嗅ぎたばこ組成物からのニコチン放出を試験するための溶解法を使用した。
UV分光光度計 HP 8453又は同等品
吸引器(Sipper) HP 蠕動ポンプ又は同等品
二次ポンプ Flexicon PF5又は同等品
マグネチックスターラー Labasco又は同等品
ウォーターバス Gant W14又は同等品
UV分光光度計 波長 244.259及び274nm
フローセル 1.000cm
ウォーターバス 温度 37℃
二次ポンプ ポンプ流 30rpm
マグネチックスターラー 回転 穏やかな撹拌
透析膜、Spectra/Por(登録商標)、MWCO 500、
シリコン管、内径6mm
サンプルチューブ
250mlビーカー
化学品及び溶媒:
精製水、H2O
水酸化ナトリウム、最低限98%、NaOH
リン酸二水素ナトリウム一水和物、最低限98 %、NaH2PO4・H2O
ニコチン酒石酸水素塩二水和物、標準
5M水酸化ナトリウム
リン酸緩衝剤、pH6.8
装置の組み立て
2片(長さ150cm及び長さ35cm)のシリコンホースを切り取る。この2本の「血管」の一方の端部に、支持のために長さ3cmの硬質プラスチックホース(外径7mm)を挿入する。透析膜の小片を切り取り、製造業者に従って前処理する。この膜を、長さ2.5cmの2つのシリコンホース片(内径6mm)に通す(thread)。血管の支持端部を膜中に約3cm挿入し、2つの小さなシリコンリングで留める(図1を参照)。
ブランク:膜をサンプルチューブ中に配置する前にブランクを測定する。
サンプリング:吸引器を用いて30分間5分毎にオンラインでサンプルを抜き取る。吸光度を244、259及び274nmで測定する。
標準:サンプリングシーケンスの後、S1〜S3をフローセルに汲み入れる。吸光度を244、259及び274nmで測定する。
サンプル中のニコチン濃度を算出する。
代替法として、USPバスケット法(錠剤のインビトロ溶解)を、溶解媒体として500mlの水を用いて使用することができる。
実施例1
嗅ぎたばこバッグ組成物E、F、G、H、I及びJ
WO 2004/056363に記載されているように微結晶性セルロース(MCC)にニコチン吸収・吸着させた。したがって、本実施例では、2.40mlのニコチンを25mlのエタノール(99.5%)中に溶解した。47.6gのタイプPH-102のMCCを高速混合機に充填し、ニコチンをゆっくりと加えた。得られた湿った塊を真空乾燥させた後、微細粒状白色粉体のニコチン-微結晶性セルロースキャリア複合体が得られた。
嗅ぎたばこバッグ組成物E、F、G、H、I及びJからのインビトロ放出
嗅ぎたばこバッグからのニコチンのインビトロ放出速度の測定は、Swedish Match(ストックホルム)で開発されたインビトロ溶解試験を使用し、分光光度計による260nmでのUV検出と組み合せてチューブ内のプラスチックフローチャンバを緩衝剤溶液と共に利用して行った。詳細は、「インビトロ溶解試験」との見出しで上記している。
組成物を含有する嗅ぎたばこバッグからのニコチンのインビボ取り込み
嗅ぎたばこ製品「General」、4mg Nicorette(登録商標)チューインガム及び組成物Jを含んでなる嗅ぎたばこバッグからのニコチンのインビボ取り込みの比較研究を行った。組成物Jは0.8%の炭酸水素ナトリウム及び0.8%の炭酸ナトリウムを含んでいた。適用後0、5、10、15、20、30及び40分で血液サンプルを採取した。ニコチンの血漿濃度は、ABS laboratories(ロンドン、英国)で決定した。水酸化ナトリウムの添加後、血漿サンプルをジクロロエタンで抽出し、窒素/リン検出器を用いるガスクロマトグラフィーによりニコチンを定量決定した。5-メチルコチニンを使用して、手順を内部標準化した。定量限界は0.5ng/mlである。
嗅ぎたばこ組成物 G、I及びJを含んでなる嗅ぎたばこバッグ中のニコチンの残留量 − インビトロ 対 インビボ
嗅ぎたばこ組成物 G、I又はJを含んでなる嗅ぎたばこバッグを、30分で、USPバスケット装置を用いる上記のインビトロ溶解試験又は上記のパイロット薬物動態アッセイに供した。続いて、分光光度計による260nmでのUV検出と組み合せた溶解バスを使用して、嗅ぎたばこバッグ中の残留ニコチン含量を調べた。溶解は、錠剤についての溶解法USP(バスケット)に従って、溶解媒体として500mlの水を用いて37℃の温度で決定した。結果を下記の表に示す:
Nicorette 4mgガムと5mgのニコチンを有するMCC-ニコチン含有嗅ぎたばこ組成物との比較
4人の被検者において単回投薬の薬物動態をNicorette 4mgガムとの比較で研究した(図8)。図8は、経口投与後にNicorette(登録商標)4mgチューインガムと5mgのニコチンに相当するMCC-ニコチンを含有する嗅ぎたばこ組成物とを比較した、4人の被検者における単回投薬の薬物動態研究の結果を示す。
本明細書中で言及する全ての特許及び刊行物は、本発明が属する分野の通常の知識を有する者のレベルを示すものである。全ての特許及び刊行物は、参照により、あたかも個々の刊行物の各々が具体的及び個別的に参照により組み込まれると示されているのと同程度に、本明細書中に組み込まれる。
Claims (31)
- ニコチン-セルロース組合せの、対象の口腔への適用後にニコチン作用の急速な発生を達成する嗅ぎたばこ組成物の製造への使用であって、
i)前記ニコチン-セルロース組合せは、セルロース内の空隙又は孔の中に前記ニコチンを吸収・吸着した微結晶性セルロースから構成される固体材料であり、
ii)該ニコチン-セルロース組合せの濃度は、80%〜98% w/wであり、
iii)前記組成物中のニコチンの濃度は、0.1〜10% w/wであり、
iv)500mlの水を用いる37℃での米国薬局方バスケット法によるインビトロ溶解試験に該組成物を供したとき、30分以内に総含量の30% w/w又はそれより多くのニコチンが放出される、使用。 - ニコチン-セルロース組合せと、1又はそれより多くの許容され得る賦形剤とを含んでなり、
i)前記ニコチン-セルロース組合せは、セルロース内の空隙又は孔の中に前記ニコチンを吸収・吸着した微結晶性セルロースから構成される固体材料であり、
ii)該ニコチン-セルロース組合せの濃度は、80%〜98% w/wであり、
iii)前記組成物中のニコチンの濃度は、0.1〜10% w/wであり、
iv)500mlの水を用いる37℃での米国薬局方バスケット法によるインビトロ溶解試験に該組成物を供したとき、30分以内に総含量の30% w/w又はそれより多くのニコチンが放出される、嗅ぎたばこ組成物。 - 前記組成物が、前記インビトロ溶解試験に供したとき、30分以内に総含量の45%又はそれより多くのニコチンを放出する、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記ニコチン-セルロース組合せが膜材料中に封入されている、請求項2又は3に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記膜が、天然、合成、半合成の親水性又は疎水性の膜である、請求項4に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記膜が、1又はそれより多くの生体適合性で生理学的に許容され得るポリマー材料から作られている、請求項4又は5に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記膜材料が、酢酸セルロース及びその誘導体、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ポリセルロースエステル、エチルセルロース及びプロピルセルロースを含む他のセルロース誘導体、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ酢酸ビニル、メタクリレートとアクリレートとのポリマー、天然ゴム、ポリカーボネート、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエステル、ポリアミド及びナイロンからなる群より選択される、請求項4〜6のいずれか1項に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記ニコチンが、遊離塩基形態のニコチン又はその医薬的に許容され得る塩、溶媒和物、複合体若しくは誘導体である、請求項4〜7のいずれか1項に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記インビトロ溶解試験に供したとき、総含量の50%又はそれより多くのニコチンが30分以内に放出される、請求項2〜8のいずれか1項に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記インビトロ溶解試験に供したとき、総含量の60%又はそれより多くのニコチンが30分以内に放出される、請求項2〜9のいずれか1項に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記インビトロ溶解試験に供したとき、20分以内に45%又はそれより多くを放出する、請求項2〜10のいずれか1項に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記インビトロ溶解試験に供したとき、20分以内に50%又はそれより多くを放出する、請求項2〜11のいずれか1項に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記インビトロ溶解試験に供したとき、10分以内に20%又はそれより多くを放出する、請求項2〜12のいずれか1項に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記インビトロ溶解試験に供したとき、10分以内に25%又はそれより多くを放出する、請求項2〜13のいずれか1項に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 頬投与用の請求項2〜14のいずれか1項に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記微結晶性セルロースが、植物、藻類、細菌、真菌又はそれらの組合せに由来する微結晶性セルロースである、請求項2〜15のいずれか1項に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記微結晶性セルロースが少なくとも0.7m2/gの表面積を有する、請求項2〜16のいずれか1項に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記微結晶性セルロースが、合成若しくは半合成のセルロースであるか又は天然セルロースに由来する、請求項2〜17のいずれか1項に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記微結晶性セルロースの平均粒子サイズが最大限500μmである、請求項2〜18のいずれか1項に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記微結晶性セルロースの平均粒子サイズが15〜250μmの範囲にある、請求項2〜18のいずれか1項に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記ニコチンが、前記組成物中に、遊離塩基として計算して、0.1% w/w〜8% w/wの濃度で存在する、請求項2〜20のいずれか1項に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記ニコチン-セルロース組合せが、85% w/w〜98% w/wの濃度で存在する、請求項2〜21のいずれか1項に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記組成物が、1又はそれより多くの甘味料を、0.01% w/w〜0.2% w/wの濃度で更に含んでなる、請求項2〜22のいずれか1項に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記組成物中の1又はそれより多くの甘味料の濃度が0.08% w/wである、請求項23に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記組成物が、1又はそれより多くの矯味矯臭剤を更に含んでなる、請求項2〜24のいずれか1項に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記組成物中の1又はそれより多くの矯味矯臭剤の濃度が、1% w/w〜15% w/wである、請求項25に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記組成物中の1又はそれより多くの矯味矯臭剤の濃度が4% w/wである、請求項26に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記組成物が、1又はそれより多くの緩衝化剤を更に含んでなる、請求項2〜27のいずれか1項に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記組成物中の1又はそれより多くの緩衝化剤の濃度が、0.1% w/w〜5%w/wである、請求項28に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記組成物中の1又はそれより多くの緩衝化剤の濃度が0.8% w/wである、請求項29に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
- 前記組成物が、1又はそれより多くの抗酸化剤を、0.4% w/w〜2.4% w/wの濃度で更に含んでなる、請求項2〜30のいずれか1項に記載の嗅ぎたばこ組成物。
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JP2009529342A (ja) | 2009-08-20 |
EP1998748B1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
US11547660B2 (en) | 2023-01-10 |
US20090293895A1 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
WO2007104573A2 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
US11129792B2 (en) | 2021-09-28 |
EP1998748A2 (en) | 2008-12-10 |
US10219999B2 (en) | 2019-03-05 |
US9402809B2 (en) | 2016-08-02 |
CA2646942C (en) | 2014-07-29 |
US20130160782A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
US20230009314A1 (en) | 2023-01-12 |
CA2646942A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
US20190083393A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 |
US20210386662A1 (en) | 2021-12-16 |
JP2015070851A (ja) | 2015-04-16 |
AU2007224584A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
WO2007104573A3 (en) | 2008-01-03 |
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