JP5542283B2 - カプセルの調製 - Google Patents
カプセルの調製 Download PDFInfo
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
- G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2984—Microcapsule with fluid core [includes liposome]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
- Y10T428/2998—Coated including synthetic resin or polymer
Description
公知の電気泳動媒体(カプセル化された媒体およびカプセル化されていない媒体の両方)は、2つの主要な型に分けられ得、これらは以後簡略化のため、それぞれ「単一粒子」および「二重粒子」といわれる。単一粒子媒体は、懸濁媒体中に単一型の電気泳動粒子のみが懸濁され、この媒体の少なくとも1つの光学的特徴は、その粒子の光学的特徴と相違する。(単一型の粒子を参照する場合、本発明者らはこの型の全ての粒子が完全に同一であることは意味しない。例えば、この型の全ての粒子が実質的に同じ光学的特徴を有し、そして実質的に同じ極性の電荷を有する場合、粒子サイズおよび電気泳動移動度のようなパラメーターにおける、考慮すべき任意の変動性が、媒体の利用に影響することなく許容され得る)。このような媒体が一対の電極(その電極のうちの少なくとも1つは透明である)の間に配置される場合、2つの電極の相対電位に依存して、媒体は、粒子の光学的特徴(これらの粒子が観測者に近位の電極付近にある場合、以後「前面」電極と呼ばれる)、または懸濁媒体の光学的特徴(これらの粒子が観測者から遠位の電極付近にある場合、以後「背面」電極と呼ばれ、これらの粒子は懸濁媒体によっ隠される)を表示し得る。
作製されたカプセルを、液体から分離し、そして水中での再分散により洗浄する。次いで、これらのカプセルを、篩過またはそれ以外によってサイズ毎に分離する。前述のE InkおよびMIT特許のうちのいくつかにおいて説明した理由のため、カプセル化される電気泳動媒体は、単一の実質的に最密な層のカプセルを含むことが所望される。また、このような電気泳動媒体が基材上でカプセルをコーティングすることにより作製される場合、カプセル層の露出表面は適度に平坦であることが所望される。なぜなら、そうでない場合、最終のディスプレイにおける他の層にカプセル層をラミネート加工する際に、困難に遭遇し得るからである。このような適度に平坦な露出表面を有する実質的に最密な層の作製は、実質的に同じサイズであるカプセルをコーティングすることによって最も良好に達成される。代表的に、カプセルの直径の所望の範囲は、30〜50μm、平均40μmである。
水媒体中にタンパク質とコアセルベート化剤とのコアセルベートを形成する工程;および
水非混和相周囲のコアセルベートの析出を生じさせるのに有効な条件下で、コアセルベートを含む水性媒体中で水非混和相を乳化させ、これによってコアセルベートのカプセル壁によって囲まれた水非混和相のカプセルを形成する工程
を包含する。
コロイド性アルミナ懸濁物および促進剤を含む水相を形成する工程;
水相中に水非混和相の小さな液滴を含む不安定なエマルジョンの形成を生じさせるのに有効な条件下で、水相中に水非混和相を乳化させる工程;および
エマルジョンの合一およびコアセルベートのカプセル壁によって囲まれた水相のカプセルの形成を可能にする条件下で、該エマルジョンと、該タンパク質およびコアセルベート化剤とを混合する工程
を包含する。
本発明は例えば、以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
タンパク質コアセルベート中に水非混和相をカプセル化するためのプロセスであって、該プロセスは、
水性媒体中にタンパク質とコアセルベート化剤とのコアセルベートを形成する該工程;および
該水非混和相周囲に該コアセルベートの析出を生じさせるのに有効な条件下で、該コアセルベートを含む該水性媒体中で、該水非混和相を乳化させ、これによって該コアセルベートのカプセル壁によって囲まれた該水非混和相のカプセルを形成する工程
によって特徴付けられる、プロセス。
(項目2)
前記タンパク質がゼラチンである、項目1に記載のプロセス。
(項目3)
前記コアセルベート化剤がアカシアである、項目1に記載のプロセス。
(項目4)
前記水非混和相が脂肪族炭化水素を含む、項目1に記載のプロセス。
(項目5)
前記水非混和相が前記炭化水素中に懸濁された固形物粒子をさらに含む、項目4に記載のプロセス。
(項目6)
前記水非混和相が、逆極性の電荷を有する異なる2つの型の固形物粒子を含む、項目5に記載のプロセス。
(項目7)
乳化工程/カプセル形成の前記工程のうちの少なくとも1部が35℃未満の温度で行われる、項目1に記載のプロセス。
(項目8)
形成された前記カプセルがその後、ポリマー性結合剤と混合され、そして該カプセル/結合剤の混合物が基材上にコーティングされそして乾燥されて、該基材上にカプセルのコヒーレント層を形成する、項目1に記載のプロセス。
(項目9)
タンパク質コアセルベート中に水非混和相をカプセル化するためのプロセスであって、該プロセスは:
コロイド性アルミナ懸濁物および促進剤を含む水相を形成する工程;
該水相中で該水非混和相の小さな液滴を含む不安定なエマルジョンの形成を生じさせるのに有効な条件下で、該水相中で該水非混和相を乳化させる工程;および
該エマルジョンの合一および該コアセルベートのカプセル壁によって囲まれた該水相のカプセルの形成を可能にする条件下で、該エマルジョンを、タンパク質およびコアセルベート化剤と混合する工程
を包含する、プロセス。
(項目10)
前記アルミナが、前記水相の約0.1重量%〜約1.0重量%を構成する、項目9に記載のプロセス。
(項目11)
前記促進剤がポリ酸を含む、項目9に記載のプロセス。
(項目12)
前記促進剤がカルボン酸とオレフィンとのコポリマーを含む、項目11に記載のプロセス。
(項目13)
前記タンパク質がゼラチンを含む、項目9に記載のプロセス。
(項目14)
前記コアセルベート化剤がアニオン性ポリマーを含む、項目9に記載のプロセス。
(項目15)
前記コアセルベート化剤が、ビニルの主鎖および該主鎖に結合した複数のアニオン基を有するポリアニオン性ポリマーを含む、項目14に記載のプロセス。
(項目16)
前記ポリアニオン性ポリマーが、ポリ(アクリル酸);ポリ(メタクリル酸);ポリ(アクリル酸)および/またはポリ(メタクリル酸)の、これらの酸のエステルとのコポリマー;スチレンスルホネートのスチレンとのコポリマー;メチルビニルエーテルのアクリル酸とのコポリマー、メチルビニルエーテルのメタクリル酸とのコポリマー、酢酸ビニルのアクリル酸とのコポリマー、または酢酸ビニルのメタクリル酸とのコポリマー;アルキルで置換されたオレフィン、メチルビニルエーテルおよびビニルカルボキシレートの、マレイン酸、マレイン酸エステルおよびマレイン酸半エステルとのコポリマーのうちのいずれか1つ以上を含む、項目15に記載のプロセス。
(項目17)
前記水非混和相が脂肪族炭化水素を含む、項目9に記載のプロセス。
(項目18)
前記水非混和相が前記炭化水素中に懸濁された固形物粒子をさらに含む、項目17に記載のプロセス。
(項目19)
前記水非混和相が、逆極性の電荷を有する、異なる2つの型の固形物粒子を含む、項目18に記載のプロセス。
(項目20)
前記炭化水素は、芳香族で置換されたアルケンとアルケンとのジブロックコポリマーが中に分散される、項目17に記載のプロセス。
(項目21)
形成された前記カプセルが、その後、ポリマー性結合剤と混合され、そして該カプセル/結合剤混合物が基材上でコーティングされそして乾燥されて、該基材上にカプセルのコヒーレント層を形成する、項目9に記載のプロセス。
カプセル化技術における当業者に容易に明らかであるように、本発明は、最終的なカプセル化物質の作製のための、通常は複数工程のプロセスであるカプセル化工程にのみ関する。従って、以下に記載されるように、物質の選択および本発明のカプセル化プロセスに特異的な処理の局面を除き、本プロセスに関係して使用される物質、プロセスおよび技術は、当該分野で公知である任意のものであり得る。例えば、既に示されたように、本発明のプロセスは、特に、カプセル化された電気泳動媒体の作製における使用を対象にするが、排他的ではない。そして本プロセスがこの目的に使用されている場合、その内部(水非混和相)に含まれる電気泳動粒子、懸濁流体および任意の添加物(例えば、電荷制御剤)は、前述のE InkおよびMITの特許および特許出願において記載されたもののうちの任意のものであり得る。但し、無論、選択される物質は、そのカプセル化プロセスにおいて使用される特定の物質と適合性である。同様に、本発明のプロセスによって形成されるカプセルを最終的な電気泳動媒体へと転換するために必要とされる「処理後」の工程は、前述のE InkおよびMITの特許および特許出願において記載されたもののうちの任意のものであり得る。なぜなら、本発明のプロセスによって作製されるカプセルの物理的特性は、一般に、従来技術のプロセスにより作製されるカプセルと同様であるからである。
既に述べたように、本発明のコアセルベート予備形成プロセスは、タンパク質コアセルベート中に水非混和相をカプセル化するためのプロセスである。このプロセスは、水性媒体中に、タンパク質とコアセルベート化剤とのコアセルベートを形成する工程;および水非混和相周囲のコアセルベートの析出を生じさせるのに有効な条件下で、コアセルベートを含む水性媒体中で水非混和相を乳化させ、これによってコアセルベートのカプセル壁によって囲まれた水非混和相のカプセルを形成する工程を包含する。従って、このプロセスにおいて、タンパク質のコアセルベート相が最初に形成され、そしてその後、炭化水素の内相(または、そのタンパク質のコアセルベート相がカプセル化されることが所望される他の水非混和相)がこのコアセルベート相中に乳化されてカプセルを形成する。コアセルベート相中に内相を乳化することは、タンパク質を含有するが、コアセルベート化剤は含有しない水相中に内相を乳化させること、次いでコアセルベートを形成するためにコアセルベート化剤の添加することよりも、実質的に最終カプセルにおける微細物の割合を軽減し、そしてカプセルの直径に対する容量パーセントカプセルの曲線に関して、より鋭いピークを生じる。これら2つの効果の組み合わせは、実質的に、有用なカプセルの収率を増加させる;以下の実施例において見られるように、所望される30〜50μmの範囲におけるカプセルの収率が50%を超えることが、達成された。
内相を、上述の2002/0180687に記載されるように実質的に調製した。この内相は、炭化水素溶媒においてポリマーコーティングされたチタニアおよびポリマーコーティングされたカーボンブラックを含む。次いで、この内相を、先行技術(「PA」)プロセスおよび本発明のコアセルベート予備形成プロセス(「PC」)の両方によってカプセル化した。PCプロセスについて与えられる物質量は、もとのPAプロセスの水およびオイルの量に基づいて、75%のスケールダウンした容積のためである。2つのカプセル化のために使用される物質および量を、以下の表1に示す:
すでに述べたように、本発明のプロセスのLCプロセスは、タンパク質コアセルベートにおける水非混和相をカプセル化するためのプロセスである。このLCプロセスは、コロイド状のアルミナ懸濁液および促進剤を含む水相を形成する工程;その水相中の水非混和相の小さい液滴を含む不安定なエマルジョンの形成を引き起こすために効果的な条件下で、その水相中の水非混和相を乳化する工程;ならびにそのエマルジョンの合一およびコアセルベートのカプセル壁によって囲まれる水相のカプセルの形成を可能にする条件下で、そのエメルジョンと、タンパク質およびコアセルベート化剤とを混合する工程を包含する。
2つの同一な内相を調製した。その各々は、Isopar E(Exxon Corporation,Houston TXから入手可能な炭化水素溶媒;ISOPARは登録商標である)中のポリマーコーティングされたクロム酸銅色素の60重量%懸濁液42.5g、Isopar E中のポリマーコーティングされたチタニア色素の60重量%懸濁液85g、Isopar G(Isopar Eとして同じ製造業者から提供される炭化水素溶媒)中のSolsperse 17Kの溶液10.71g、0.77gのSpan 80(Aldrich Chemical Corporationから入手可能な界面活性剤)、および31.03gのさらなるIsopar Eを含む。
Claims (13)
- タンパク質コアセルベート中に水非混和相をカプセル化するためのプロセスであって、該プロセスは:
コロイド性アルミナ懸濁物および促進剤を含む水相を形成する工程;
該水相中で該水非混和相の小さな液滴を含む不安定なエマルジョンの形成を生じさせるのに有効な条件下で、該水相中で該水非混和相を乳化させる工程;および
該エマルジョンの合一および該コアセルベートのカプセル壁によって囲まれた該水相のカプセルの形成を可能にする条件下で、該エマルジョンをタンパク質およびコアセルベート化剤と混合する工程
を包含する、プロセス。 - 前記コロイド性アルミナ懸濁物中のアルミナが、前記水相の約0.1重量%〜約1.0重量%を構成する、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記促進剤がポリ酸を含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記促進剤がカルボン酸とオレフィンとのコポリマーを含む、請求項3に記載のプロセス。
- 前記タンパク質がゼラチンを含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記コアセルベート化剤がアニオン性ポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記コアセルベート化剤が、ビニルの主鎖および該主鎖に結合した複数のアニオン基を有するポリアニオン性ポリマーを含む、請求項6に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ポリアニオン性ポリマーが、ポリ(アクリル酸);ポリ(メタクリル酸);ポリ(アクリル酸)および/またはポリ(メタクリル酸)の、これらの酸のエステルとのコポリマー;スチレンスルホネートのスチレンとのコポリマー;メチルビニルエーテルのアクリル酸とのコポリマー、メチルビニルエーテルのメタクリル酸とのコポリマー、酢酸ビニルのアクリル酸とのコポリマー、または酢酸ビニルのメタクリル酸とのコポリマー;アルキルで置換されたオレフィン、メチルビニルエーテルおよびビニルカルボキシレートの、マレイン酸、マレイン酸エステルおよびマレイン酸半エステルとのコポリマーのうちのいずれか1つ以上を含む、請求項7に記載のプロセス。
- 前記水非混和相が脂肪族炭化水素を含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記水非混和相が前記脂肪族炭化水素中に懸濁された固形物粒子をさらに含む、請求項9に記載のプロセス。
- 前記水非混和相が、逆極性の電荷を有する、異なる2つの型の固形物粒子を含む、請求項10に記載のプロセス。
- 前記脂肪族炭化水素は、芳香族で置換されたアルケンとアルケンとのジブロックコポリマーが中に分散される、請求項9に記載のプロセス。
- 形成された前記カプセルが、その後、ポリマー性結合剤と混合され、そして該カプセル/ポリマー性結合剤混合物が基材上でコーティングされそして乾燥されて、該基材上にコヒーレント層を形成する、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
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2005
- 2005-01-19 US US10/905,746 patent/US20050156340A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-01-20 JP JP2006549700A patent/JP2007518493A/ja not_active Ceased
- 2005-01-20 WO PCT/US2005/001806 patent/WO2005072228A2/en active Application Filing
-
2009
- 2009-08-10 US US12/538,228 patent/US9005494B2/en active Active
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2011
- 2011-06-02 JP JP2011124634A patent/JP5542283B2/ja active Active
-
2012
- 2012-10-18 JP JP2012230556A patent/JP2013047831A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
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US20100044894A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
JP2011170389A (ja) | 2011-09-01 |
WO2005072228A2 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
JP2007518493A (ja) | 2007-07-12 |
JP2013047831A (ja) | 2013-03-07 |
US9005494B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 |
WO2005072228A3 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
US20050156340A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
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