JP4417267B2 - リチウム二次電池用負極活物質とその製造方法及びそれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用負極活物質とその製造方法及びそれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4417267B2 JP4417267B2 JP2005018487A JP2005018487A JP4417267B2 JP 4417267 B2 JP4417267 B2 JP 4417267B2 JP 2005018487 A JP2005018487 A JP 2005018487A JP 2005018487 A JP2005018487 A JP 2005018487A JP 4417267 B2 JP4417267 B2 JP 4417267B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- active material
- negative electrode
- lithium secondary
- secondary battery
- electrode active
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 89
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 76
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 73
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- -1 lithium-vanadium metal oxide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000019199 alpha-Mannosidase Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010012864 alpha-Mannosidase Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012461 cellulose resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011300 coal pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DMEJJWCBIYKVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium vanadium Chemical compound [Li].[V] DMEJJWCBIYKVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010090 LiAlO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
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- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- GETTZEONDQJALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC=C1 GETTZEONDQJALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl acetate Chemical compound CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005118 spray pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-mevalonolactone Natural products CC1(O)CCOC(=O)C1 JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMZYCBHLNZVROM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1F MMZYCBHLNZVROM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-ZCFIWIBFSA-N R-mevalonolactone, (-)- Chemical compound C[C@@]1(O)CCOC(=O)C1 JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IDSMHEZTLOUMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[O].[Co] Chemical group [Li].[O].[Co] IDSMHEZTLOUMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl acetate Chemical compound COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940057061 mevalonolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHZRKQCHJFHJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxacycloundecan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCCO1 GHZRKQCHJFHJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- DOKHEARVIDLSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-en-1-ol Chemical group CC=CO DOKHEARVIDLSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAKFSJNVVCGEEI-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O FAKFSJNVVCGEEI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) oxide Chemical class [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- YJGJRYWNNHUESM-UHFFFAOYSA-J triacetyloxystannyl acetate Chemical compound [Sn+4].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJGJRYWNNHUESM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
- A63H33/00—Other toys
- A63H33/40—Windmills; Other toys actuated by air currents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
- A63H29/00—Drive mechanisms for toys in general
- A63H29/22—Electric drives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
- A63H33/00—Other toys
- A63H33/22—Optical, colour, or shadow toys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G1/00—Methods of preparing compounds of metals not covered by subclasses C01B, C01C, C01D, or C01F, in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G31/00—Compounds of vanadium
- C01G31/006—Compounds containing vanadium, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G39/00—Compounds of molybdenum
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Description
特に、前記化学式1のリチウム−バナジウム系金属酸化物は、リチウムコバルト酸化物構造でのCoが、Li以外の遷移金属元素の一種であるVと更に他の第2の金属元素MであるAl、Mo、W、Ti、CrまたはZrなどの元素に置換されもので、黒鉛と類似した放電電位と寿命特性を示す。
Mとしては、MoまたはWが好ましい。
Li2CO3、V2O3、及びMoO3を固形状で混合してLi:V:Moの比が1.08:0.9:0.02になるようにして、窒素雰囲気下、1000℃で10時間熱処理した後、常温まで冷却して金属酸化物を製造した。
Li2CO3、V2O3、及びWO3を固形状で混合してLi:V:Wの比が1.12:0.85:0.05になるようにしたことを除いて、実施例1と同様にして半電池を作製し、その電気的特性を評価した。
Li2CO3、V2O3、及びMoO3を固形状で混合してLi:V:Moの比が1.08:0.9:0.02になるようにして、窒素雰囲気下、1000℃で10時間熱処理した後、常温まで冷却して金属酸化物を製造した。
Li2CO3、V2O3、及びMoO3を固形状で混合してLi:V:Moの比が2:0.9:0.01になるようにして、窒素雰囲気下、1000℃で10時間熱処理した後、常温まで冷却して金属酸化物を製造し、これを負極活物質として用いた他は実施例1と同様にして半電池を作製し、その電気的特性を評価した。 図2は、本発明の実施例1によって製造された負極活物質のX線回折パターン、図3は、本発明の実施例3によって製造された負極活物質のX線回折パターン、図4は比較例1によって製造された負極活物質のX線パターンを各々示す。図2及び図3で示しているように、G(002)ピークとM(003)ピークの面積は、黒鉛と金属酸化物の比率と比例して変化することが分かる。
Li2CO3、MoO3、及びV2O4をLi:Mo:Vのモル比が1.2:0.05:0.85になるように混合した。この混合物を窒素雰囲気、1200℃で熱処理してLi1.2Mo0.05V0.85O2のコア物質を製造した。
Li:Mo:Vのモル比を1.3:0.1:0.8に変更して、Li1.3Mo0.1V0.8O2のコア物質を製造したことを除いて、実施例4と同様な方法で半電池を作製し、その電気的特性を評価した。
実施例4のコア物質90gと炭素物質前駆体であるタール10gを混合して、1000℃で熱処理して負極活物質を製造した他は実施例4と同様にして半電池を作製し、その電気的特性を評価した。
Li2CO3、MoO3、及びV2O4をLi:Mo:Vのモル比が1.2:0.05:0.85になるように混合した。この混合物を窒素雰囲気で、1200℃で熱処理してLi1.2Mo0.05V0.85O2のコア物質を製造した。
Li:Mo:Vのモル比を1.3:0.1:0.8に変更して、Li1.3Mo0.1V0.8O2のコア物質を製造したことを除いて、実施例7と同様な方法で負極活物質を作製し、実施例4と同様にして半電池を作製し、その電気的特性を評価した。
コア物質として錫酸化物(SnO2)を使用したことを除いて、実施例4と同様な方法で負極活物質を作製し、実施例4と同様にして半電池を作製し、その電気的特性を評価した。
コア物質として錫酸化物(SnO2)を使用したことを除いて、実施例6と同様な方法で負極活物質を作製し、実施例4と同様にして半電池を作製し、その電気的特性を評価した。
コア物質として錫酸化物(SnO2)を使用したことを除いて、実施例7と同様な方法で負極活物質を作製し、実施例4と同様にして半電池を作製し、その電気的特性を評価した。
コア物質として黒鉛を使用したことを除いて、実施例4と同様な方法で負極活物質を作製し、実施例4と同様にして半電池を作製し、その電気的特性を評価した。
Li:Vのモル比を3:1に変更して、Li3VO4のコア物質を製造したことを除いて、前記実施例4と同様な方法で負極活物質を作製し、実施例4と同様にして半電池を作製し、その電気的特性を評価した。
Li2CO3、MoO3、及びV2O4をLi:Mo:Vのモル比が1.2:0.05:0.85になるように混合した。この混合物を窒素雰囲気下、1200℃で熱処理してLi1.2Mo0.05V0.85O2の負極活物質を作製し、実施例4と同様にして半電池を作製し、その電気的特性を評価した。
2 負極、
3 正極、
4 セパレータ、
5 電池容器、
6 封止部材。
Claims (27)
- 金属酸化物系コア物質、及び前記コア物質の表面に存在する炭素物質を含み、
前記金属酸化物は下記の化学式1で示されるリチウム−バナジウム系金属酸化物であることを特徴とする、リチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記炭素物質は、1360cm−1でのラマンスペクトルピークの強度(I(1360))及び1580cm−1でのラマンスペクトルピークの強度(I(1580))の比であるI(1360)/I(1580)の値が0.01乃至10であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記炭素物質は、結晶質炭素または非晶質炭素であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記炭素物質は、黒鉛であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記炭素物質は、前記コア物質に対して0.01乃至50質量%含まれることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記炭素物質は、前記コア物質に対して0.01乃至15質量%含まれることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記炭素物質は、1nm乃至5μmの厚さの層であることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 金属酸化物及び炭素物質を含み、
前記金属酸化物の(003)面のX線回折ピークの強度(M(003))と前記炭素物質の(002)面のX線回折ピークの強度(G(002))との比であるM(003)/G(002)の値が、0.01乃至100であり、
前記金属酸化物は、下記の化学式1で示されるリチウム−バナジウム系金属酸化物であることを特徴とする、リチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記M(003)/G(002)の値が、1乃至50であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記炭素物質は、1360cm−1でのLAMANスペクトルピークの強度(I(1360))及び1580cm−1でのLAMANスペクトルピークの強度(I(1580))との比であるI(1360)/I(1580)の値が0.01乃至10であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記炭素物質は、負極活物質全体に対して1乃至99質量%含まれることを特徴とする請求項1〜10に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- a)金属酸化物系コア物質と炭素物質前駆体とを混合して混合物を作製する段階、及び
b)前記混合物を熱処理して前記コア物質の表面に炭素物質を形成させる段階を含み、
前記金属酸化物は、下記の化学式1で示されるリチウム−バナジウム系金属酸化物であるリチウム二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記リチウム−バナジウム系金属酸化物は、
c)バナジウム原料物質、リチウム原料物質及び添加金属原料物質を混合する段階、及び
d)前記混合物を還元雰囲気中で、500乃至1400℃の温度で熱処理する段階、
を経て製造されることを特徴とする請求項12に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記バナジウム原料物質は、バナジウム金属、VO、V2O3、V2O4、V2O5、V4O7、VOSO4・nH2O及びNH4VO3からなる群より選択される1種以上であることを特徴とする請求項12または13に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記リチウム原料物質は、リチウムカーボネート、水酸化リチウム、硝酸リチウム及び酢酸リチウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種であることを特徴とする請求項12〜14のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記添加金属原料物質は、MoまたはWを含む酸化物及び/または水酸化物からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする請求項12〜15のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記還元雰囲気は、窒素雰囲気、アルゴン雰囲気、N2/H2混合ガス雰囲気、CO/CO2混合ガス雰囲気またはヘリウム雰囲気であることを特徴とする請求項12〜16のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記炭素物質は、前記コア物質の表面に1nm乃至5μmの厚さで被覆されることを特徴とする請求項12〜17のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記熱処理温度は、500乃至1400℃であることを特徴とする請求項12〜18のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記熱処理温度は、500乃至1000℃であることを特徴とする請求項12〜19のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記炭素物質前駆体は、フェノール樹脂、ナフタレン樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、フラン樹脂、セルロース樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、石炭系ピッチ、石油系ピッチ、タール及び重質油からなる群より選択される1種以上であることを特徴とする請求項12〜20のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質または請求項12〜21のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法によって製造されてなるリチウム二次電池用負極活物質を含むことを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用負極。
- リチウムイオンを挿入及び脱離できる正極活物質を含む正極、
請求項22に記載の負極活物質を含む負極、及び電解質を含むことを特徴とするリチウム二次電池。 - 前記正極活物質は、下記の化学式2乃至13で示される物質からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種であることを特徴とする請求項23に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電解質は、一種以上の有機溶媒を含む液体であることを特徴とする請求項23または24に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電解質は、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAsF6、LiCF3SO3、LiN(CF3SO2)3、Li(CF3SO2)2N、LiC4F9SO3、LiClO4、LiAlO4、LiAlCl4、LiN(CmF2m+1SO2)(CnF2n+1SO2)(m及びnは自然数である)、LiCl及びLiIからなる群より選択されるリチウム塩を一種以上含むことを特徴とする請求項23〜25のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記金属酸化物の(003)面のX線回折ピークの強度(M(003))と前記炭素物質の(002)面のX線回折ピークの強度(G(002))との比であるM(003)/G(002)の値が、0.01乃至100である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
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