JP2022106709A - ガリウム及び窒素含有レーザ源を有するインテリジェント可視光 - Google Patents
ガリウム及び窒素含有レーザ源を有するインテリジェント可視光 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2017年9月28日に出願された米国特許出願第15/719455号の利益を主張し、その全ての開示は、あらゆる目的のために参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
厚さが100nm~3000nmで、5×1017cm-3~3×1018cm-3のSiドーピングレベルを有するn-GaNまたはn-AlGaNクラッド層、
2%と15%との間のインジウムのモル分率及び20nm~250nmの厚さを有するInGaNからなるn側SCH層、
1.5nm以上で、必要に応じ約12nmまでとされるGaNまたはInGaN障壁によって分離された2.0nm~8.5nmの少なくとも2つのInGaN量子井戸からなる単一量子井戸または多重量子井戸活性領域、
インジウムのモル分率が1%と10%との間で厚さが15nm~250nmのInGaNからなるp側SCH層、または上部GaNガイド層、
アルミニウムのモル分率が0%と22%との間で厚さが5nm~20nmであって、MgがドープされたAlGaNからなる電子ブロッキング層、
厚さが400nm~1500nmで、2×1017cm-3~2×1019cm-3のMgドーピングレベルを有するp-GaNまたはp-AlGaNクラッド層、及び
厚さが20nm~40nmで、1×1019cm-3~1×1021cm-3のMgドーピングレベルを有するp++-GaNコンタクト層。
・光励起電力の白色光ルーメンへの高い変換効率。黄色蛍光体を励起する青色レーザダイオードの例では、光ワットあたり150ルーメン以上、または光ワットあたり200ルーメン以上、または光ワットあたり300ルーメン以上の変換効率が望まれる。
・1mm、500μm、200μm、100μm、または50μmの直径からなるスポットにおける1~20Wのレーザ出力に耐えることができる高い光損傷閾値。
・150℃を超える温度、200℃を超える温度、または300℃を超える温度に変質することなく耐えることができる高い熱損傷閾値。
・150℃、200℃、または250℃を超える温度に達しても蛍光体が効率を維持するような低い熱消光特性。
・熱を放散し、温度を調節するための高い熱伝導率であって、3W/m-K以上、5W/m-K以上、10W/m-K以上、更に15W/m-K以上の熱伝導率が望ましい。
・用途に適した蛍光体発光色。
・熱伝導率または光学効率の許容できない減少を生じることなく、コヒーレント励起の所望の散乱をもたらす適切な気孔率特性。
・用途に適した形状因子。このような形状因子には、ブロック、プレート、ディスク、球、シリンダ、ロッド、またはこれに類似する幾何学的要素が含まれるが、これらに限定されない。蛍光体が透過モードで動作するか反射モードで動作するか、及び蛍光体中の励起光の吸収長に応じて、適切な選択がなされることになる。
・用途に最適化された表面条件。一例において、蛍光体表面は、光抽出の改善のために意図的に粗くすることができる。
Claims (19)
- モデムとドライバとを備えるコントローラであって、前記モデムは、データ信号を受信するように構成され、前記コントローラは、前記データ信号に基づいて駆動電流及び変調信号を生成するように前記ドライバを動作させるための1つまたは複数の制御信号を生成するように構成される、コントローラと、
ガリウム及び窒素含有材料と光学キャビティとからなるポンプ光デバイスとして構成される発光素子であって、前記光学キャビティは、光導波路領域と1つまたは複数のファセット領域とを備え、前記光学キャビティは、前記1つまたは複数の制御信号のうちの少なくとも1つに基づく前記駆動電流を前記ガリウム及び窒素含有材料に供給するための電極を有するように構成され、前記駆動電流は、前記光導波路領域内を伝播する電磁放射に光学利得を与え、前記電磁放射は、紫外線または青色波長領域内の第1のピーク波長によって特徴付けられる指向性電磁放射として、前記1つまたは複数のファセット領域のうちの少なくとも1つを介して出力され、前記指向性電磁放射は、前記ドライバが供給する前記変調信号を使用して前記データ信号を搬送するように変調される、発光素子と、
前記指向性電磁放射を方向付け、フィルタリングし、または分割するように構成された経路と、
前記経路に光学的に結合され、前記ポンプ光デバイスから前記指向性電磁放射を受け取る波長変換素子であって、前記第1のピーク波長を有する前記指向性電磁放射の少なくとも一部を、前記第1のピーク波長よりも長い第2のピーク波長に少なくとも変換し、少なくとも前記第2のピーク波長と部分的に前記第1のピーク波長とを含む白色スペクトルを出力するように構成された波長変換素子と、
対象の目標物を照射し、当該対象の目標物にある受信機に、前記第1のピーク波長を有する前記指向性電磁放射の少なくとも一部を介して前記データ信号を送信するために、前記白色スペクトルを指向するように構成されたビーム整形素子と、
を備える、可視光通信用に構成された光源。 - 前記ポンプ光デバイスは、レーザダイオードデバイスを備え、または前記ポンプ光デバイスは、スーパールミネッセンスダイオード(SLED)デバイスを備える、請求項1に記載の光源。
- 前記第1のピーク波長を有する前記指向性電磁放射は、380nm~420nmの範囲内の第1のピーク波長を有する紫色スペクトル、及び420nm~480nmの範囲内の第1のピーク波長を有する青色スペクトルの少なくとも一方を含む、請求項1に記載の光源。
- 前記モデムは、有線または無線で接続されたデータ源から前記データ信号を受信し、前記データ信号を、前記ドライバの出力を決定するためのアナログ信号に変換するように構成され、前記ドライバの前記出力は、前記ポンプ光デバイスから放射される前記指向性電磁放射の強度を制御するための駆動電流と、前記データ信号に基づく振幅変調または周波数変調のいずれかに基づいた所定のフォーマットの変調信号とを少なくとも含む、請求項1に記載の光源。
- 前記指向性電磁放射は、前記データ信号に基づいて、約50MHz~300MHz、300MHz~1GHz、及び1GHz~100GHzから選択される変調周波数範囲にある複数のパルス変調光信号を含み、前記白色スペクトルは、前記発光素子からの前記指向性電磁放射の少なくとも一部によって搬送される前記データ信号に基づいて変調された前記複数のパルス変調光信号を含む、請求項1に記載の光源。
- 前記波長変換素子は、前記方向性電磁放射を入射角をもって受ける表面を有して反射モードとして構成される蛍光体材料を備え、前記白色スペクトルは、前記蛍光体材料によって変換された前記第2のピーク波長のスペクトルと、前記蛍光体材料の前記表面から反射され、前記第1のピーク波長を有する前記方向性電磁放射の一部と、前記蛍光体材料の内部から散乱された前記方向性電磁放射の一部との組み合わせである、請求項1に記載の光源。
- 前記波長変換素子は、通過する指向性電磁放射を受ける透過モードとして構成された蛍光体材料を備え、前記白色スペクトルが、前記蛍光体材料によって吸収されない一部の指向性電磁放射と、前記蛍光体材料によって変換された前記第2のピーク波長のスペクトルとの組み合わせである、または、
前記波長変換素子は、青色または紫色の波長領域を、主に赤色スペクトル、主に緑色スペクトル、及び前記指向性電磁放射の前記第1のピーク波長よりも長いピーク波長を有する主に青色スペクトルの少なくともいずれか1つに変換する複数の波長変換領域を備える、
請求項1に記載の光源。 - 前記ビーム整形素子は、異なる目標物に、異なる受信機のための前記データ信号の異なるストリームを搬送して送信するための、主に赤色スペクトル、主に緑色スペクトル、及び主に青色スペクトルを独立して操作する複数の特定色用光学素子を備える、請求項1に記載の光源。
- 前記ビーム整形素子は、低速軸コリメートレンズ、高速軸コリメートレンズ、非球面レンズ、ボールレンズ、内部全反射(TIR)光学素子、放物レンズ光学素子、屈折光学素子、及びマイクロ電気機械システム(MEMS)ミラーの群から選択され、白色スペクトルを方向付け、平行化し、集束させて、当該白色スペクトルの角度分布を少なくとも変更するように構成された、1つの光学素子または複数の光学素子の組合せを備える、請求項1に記載の光源。
- 前記ビーム整形素子は、所望の方向に沿って前記対象の目標物を照射するための照射光源として前記白色スペクトルを指向するように構成される、請求項1に記載の光源。
- 前記対象の目標物の周囲の空間的範囲を動的に走査するため、前記白色スペクトルを指向するように構成されたビームステアリングデバイスを備える、請求項1に記載の光源。
- 前記経路は、遠隔に配置されて前記白色スペクトルを生成する前記波長変換素子に前記指向性電磁放射を導くための光ファイバを備え、または、
前記経路は、前記指向性電磁放射を前記波長変換素子に導くための導波路を備え、または、
前記経路は、自由空間光学デバイスを備える、
請求項1に記載の光源。 - 前記対象の目標物にある前記受信機は、フォトダイオードと、アバランシェフォトダイオードと、光電子増倍管と、約50MHz~100GHzの変調周波数範囲でパルス変調された光信号を検出するための1つまたは複数のバンドパスフィルタとを備え、当該受信機は、前記光信号を2値データに復号するように構成されたモデムと組み合わされる、請求項1に記載の光源。
- 入力情報に基づいてビームステアリングドライバによって生成された1つまたは複数の電圧及び電流信号を受信して白色光を動的に走査し、パターン化された照明を複数の領域に供給し、同時にデータ信号を複数の領域の異なる受信機に送信するように構成されたビームステアリング光学素子を更に備える、請求項1に記載の光源。
- 前記変調信号は、前記データ信号に基づく変調フォーマットを有し、当該変調フォーマットは、両側波帯変調(DSB)、全搬送波両側波帯変調(DSB-WC)、両側波帯搬送波抑制変調(DSB-SC)、両側波帯搬送波低減変調(DSB-RC)、単側波帯変調(SSB-AM)、全搬送波単側波帯変調(SSB-WC)、単側波帯搬送波抑制変調(SSB-SC)、残留側波帯変調(VSB、またはVSB-AM)、直交振幅変調(QAM)、パルス振幅変調(PAM)、位相シフトキーイング(PSK)、周波数シフトキーイング(FSK)、連続位相変調(CPM)、最小シフトキーイング(MSK)、ガウス型最小シフトキーイング(GMSK)、連続位相周波数シフトキーイング(CPFSK)、直交周波数分割多重化(OFDM)、及び離散マルチトーン(DMT)から選択された1つからなる、請求項1に記載の光源。
- 空間的に変調された照明を有するスマート光源であって、
1つまたは複数の制御信号を生成するための入力情報を受信するように構成されたコントローラと、
ガリウム及び窒素含有材料と光学キャビティとからなるポンプ光デバイスとして構成される発光素子であって、前記光学キャビティは、光導波路領域と1つまたは複数のファセット領域とを含み、前記光学キャビティは、前記1つまたは複数の制御信号のうちの少なくとも1つに基づいて前記ガリウム及び窒素含有材料に駆動電流を供給する電極を有して構成され、前記駆動電流は、前記光導波路領域内を伝播する電磁放射に光学利得を与え、前記電磁放射は、紫外線または青色波長領域内の第1のピーク波長によって特徴付けられる指向性電磁放射として、前記1つまたは複数のファセット領域のうちの少なくとも1つを介して出力される、発光素子と、
前記指向性電磁放射を特定の方向及び焦点に平行化して集束させるように構成されたビーム整形素子と、
前記指向性電磁放射を案内するための光学的経路と、
前記ポンプ光デバイスからの前記指向性電磁放射に光学的に結合された波長変換素子の空間的に変調された励起を生成するために前記指向性電磁放射を操作するように構成されたビームステアリング光学素子と、を備え、
前記波長変換素子は、前記第1のピーク波長を有する前記指向性電磁放射の少なくとも一部を吸収して、前記第1のピーク波長よりも長い第2のピーク波長を有するスペクトルを励起し、前記第2のピーク波長と部分的に前記第1のピーク波長とを少なくとも含むより広いスペクトルを有した出力電磁放射を再放出するように構成され、
前記スマート光源は、
白色スペクトルのビームを特定の方向または特定の焦点に向けて平行化するように構成されたビーム整形素子と、
前記コントローラに組み合わされたフィードバックループ回路内に構成され、リアルタイムで検出された対象の目標物に関連する様々なパラメータに基づいて1つまたは複数のフィードバック電流または電圧を前記コントローラに供給することで、光の動きによる応答、光の色による応答、光の明るさによる応答、空間光パターンによる応答、及びデータ信号通信による応答のうちの1つまたは複数をトリガするように構成される1つまたは複数のセンサと、
を更に備える、スマート光源。 - 前記入力情報は、使用者によって入力される輝度の空間パターン、またはセンサフィードバックに基づいて動的に調整される輝度の空間パターンを含み、前記入力情報に基づき前記スマート光源が駆動されて、前記出力電磁放射を生成して操作し、前記対象の目標物の領域に、または前記対象の目標物の方向に、前記輝度の空間パターンに対応する前記空間的に変調された照明を供給し、前記空間的に変調された照明は、懐中電灯、スポットライト、自動車用ヘッドランプ、または、光が特定の位置または領域に向けられるか、もしくは投射される必要がある任意の方向の光用途としてのスポットライトシステムとして構成される、請求項16に記載のスマート光源。
- 前記波長変換素子は、青色または紫色の波長領域を、主に赤色スペクトルまたは主に緑色スペクトル、及び前記指向性電磁放射の前記第1のピーク波長よりも長いピーク波長を有する主に青色スペクトルの少なくとも一方に変換する複数の波長変換領域を備え、
前記ビームステアリング光学素子は、主に赤色スペクトル、主に緑色スペクトル、及び主に青色スペクトルを、独立して操作して異なるターゲット領域または異なるターゲット方向に向けるための複数の特定色用光学素子を備え、
前記ビーム整形素子は、低速軸コリメートレンズ、高速軸コリメートレンズ、非球面レンズ、ボールレンズ、内部全反射(TIR)光学素子、放物線レンズ光学素子、屈折光学素子、及びマイクロ電気機械システム(MEMS)ミラーの群から選択される光学素子のうちの1つまたは複数の組合せを備え、前記指向性電磁放射を指向し、平行化し、集束させて、前記波長変換素子への入射ビームとして、少なくとも前記指向性電磁放射の角度分布を変更するように構成される、
請求項16に記載のスマート光源。 - 前記ビームステアリング光学素子は、マイクロエレクトロメカニカルシステム(MEMS)ミラー、デジタルライトプロセッシング(DLP)チップ、デジタルミラーデバイス(DMD)、またはリキッドクリスタルオンシリコン(LCOS)チップのうちの1つを備え、前記出力電磁放射を操作し、パターニングし、またはピクセル化し、
前記ビームステアリング光学素子は、前記1つまたは複数のセンサからのリアルタイムフィードバックを含む入力情報に基づく、前記コントローラからの前記1つまたは複数の制御信号のうちのいくつかによって起動されるように構成され、
前記ビームステアリング光学素子は、前記出力電磁放射を、スポット光源として柔軟に案内する光ファイバを更に備え、
前記1つまたは複数のセンサは、マイクロフォン、ジオフォン、動作センサ、無線識別(RFID)受信機、ハイドロフォン、水素センサもしくはCO2センサもしくは電子ノーズセンサを含む化学センサ、流量センサ、水量センサ、ガスメータ、ガイガーカウンタ、高度計、対気速度センサ、速度センサ、距離計、圧電センサ、ジャイロスコープ、慣性センサ、加速度計、MEMSセンサ、ホール効果センサ、金属検出器、電圧検出器、光電センサ、光検出器、光抵抗器、圧力センサ、歪みゲージ、サーミスタ、熱電対、高温計、温度ゲージ、運動検出器、受動赤外線センサ、ドップラーセンサ、バイオセンサ、静電容量センサ、ビデオカメラ、トランスデューサ、イメージセンサ、赤外線センサ、レーダ、ソナー、及びLIDARから選択される1つまたは複数の組み合わせからなり、
前記1つまたは複数のセンサは、前記フィードバックループ回路内に構成され、前記1つまたは複数の制御信号のうちの少なくとも1つを調整するために、フィードバック電流または電圧を前記コントローラに供給し、前記1つまたは複数の制御信号は、前記発光素子からの前記指向性電磁放射の輝度を調整するか、または前記ビームステアリング光学素子を操作して、前記出力電磁放射によって照射される空間的位置を調整するか、または、前記ビーム整形素子を調整して前記指向性電磁放射の入射角を調整し、前記第1のピーク波長が前記第2のピーク波長に変換される前記指向性電磁放射の割合を調整するものであり、
前記光学的経路は、自由空間光学素子、導波路、及び光ファイバから選択されて、前記指向性電磁放射の導波、フィルタリング、平行化、集束、合成、及び分割を行うように構成された光学素子を備える、
請求項16に記載のスマート光源。
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