JP2010529502A - カーボンブラック、トナー、及び複合材料、並びにこれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
カーボンブラック、トナー、及び複合材料、並びにこれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- G03G9/00—Developers
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- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0802—Preparation methods
- G03G9/0804—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium
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- G03G9/0819—Developers with toner particles characterised by the dimensions of the particles
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- G03G9/0825—Developers with toner particles characterised by their structure; characterised by non-homogenuous distribution of components
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- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
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Abstract
【解決手段】樹脂と着色剤とを含むトナー組成物であって、該着色剤が、
a)
式:−Ar、−Ar−Alkx、
のうちの1つを有する少なくとも1つの有機基が結合された顔料を含む改質顔料である(該有機基は、該顔料に直接に結合されており、そしてArはアリール又はアリーレン基であり、Alkはアルキル又はアルキレン基であり、xは1〜5の整数であり、nは1〜5の整数であり、lは1〜5の整数であり、kは1〜10の整数であり、mは10−kであり、そしてxが2以上である場合には、置換基のそれぞれは同じであるか又は異なっている)か、或いはb)該着色剤の表面上に少なくとも1種のフェニル含有ポリマーが吸着された顔料を含む改質顔料である、トナー組成物。
【選択図】なし
Description
式:−Ar、−Ar−Alkx、
Arはアリール又はアリーレン基であり、Alkはアルキル又はアルキレン基、例えば無置換型又は置換型アルキル又はアルキレン基であり、xは1〜5の整数であり、nは1〜5の整数であり、lは1〜5の整数であり、kは1〜10の整数であり、mは10−kであり、そしてxは2以上である場合には、置換基のそれぞれは同じであるか又は異なっていてよい。改質着色剤は、着色剤の表面上に少なくとも1種の吸着ポリマー、例えばフェニル含有ポリマー、例えばポリスチレン、ポリ(スチレン−アクリレート)、ポリエステル、又はポリ(フェニルメチルシロキサン)であるポリマーを有する着色剤であってよい。トナー組成物は、実質的に平滑な表面、及び/又は約3〜約10ミクロンの平均粒度を有することができる。
Arはアリール又はアリーレン基であり、Alkはアルキル又はアルキレン基、例えば無置換型又は置換型アルキレン基であり、xは1〜5の整数であり、nは1〜5の整数であり、lは1〜5の整数であり、kは1〜10の整数であり、mは10−kであり、そしてxは2以上である場合には、アリール環上の置換基のそれぞれは同じであるか又は異なっていてよい。有機基は、着色剤に好ましくは直接に結合されており、そして本明細書中における構造/式中の開いた結合は、好ましくは着色剤(例えば顔料)に付着(例えば結合)する利用可能な結合を表す。これらの基は着色剤(例えば顔料)に好ましくは直接に結合されている。「結合」は、着色剤粒子との好ましくは化学的な付着又は結合、例えば共有結合である。結合された基は好ましくは非ポリマーである。
アルコキシシラン
(3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピル)トリメトキシシラン
10−ウンデセニルトリメトキシシラン
1−ナフチルトリメトキシシラン
2−(4−ピリジルエチル)トリエトキシシラン
3−チオシアナトプロピルトリエトキシシラン
3−トリフルオロアセトキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン
n−オクタデシルジメチルメトキシシラン
p−トリルトリメトキシシラン
スチリルエチルトリメトキシシラン
トリデカフルオロ−1,1,2,2−テトラヒドロオクチル)トリメトキシシラン
トリエトキシフルオロシラン
トリメトキシ(メチルフェノキシ)シラン
ウレイドプロピルトリメトキシシラン
ビニルトリメトキシシラン
n−(n−ブチル)−3−アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン
ヘキサデシルトリメトキシシラン
3−アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン
n−2−アミノエチル−3−アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン
3−グリシジルオキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン
3−メタクリルオキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン
3−メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン
オクチルトリメトキシシラン
プロピルトリメトキシシラン
メタクリルオキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン
ビニルベンジルアミノエチルアミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン
メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン
クロロプロピルトリメトキシシラン
ベンジルアミノエチルアミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン
ベンジルベンジルアミノエチルアミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン
n−ヘキシルトリメトキシシラン
ポリマー 溶解パラメータ
(MPa) 1/2
ポリ(ブタジエン) 17.1
ポリ(ブタジエン−コ−スチレン)(85/15) 17.3
ポリプロピレン 18.8
ポリ(メタクリル酸)、メチルエステル 18.9
ポリ(アクリル酸)、ブチルエステル 18.0
ポリ(スチレン) 18.7
ポリ(スチレン−コ−ジビニルベンゼン)10%架橋 15.7
ナイロン6,6 22.9
ポリ(2−シアノエチルアクリレート) 31.8
ポリ(プロピレンオキシド) 16.3
改質カーボンブラック1の調製、混合スチレン−アクリレートによる湿潤性試験:
カーボンブラックをアニリンでジアゾニウム処理することにより、結合フェニル基を有するRegal(登録商標)660カーボンブラック(Cabot Corporationから商業的に入手可能)を調製した。1000gのRegal 660カーボンブラック試料を、447.7gの16%メタンスルホン酸と一緒にProcessAll 4Lミキサー内に装入した。5分間の混合後、反応器に63.0gのアニリンを添加した。温度が65℃に達したら、234gの水中の46.8gの亜硝酸ナトリウムの溶液を反応器にゆっくりと添加した。亜硝酸ナトリウム添加の終了後30分間にわたって、反応を実施した。
改質カーボンブラック2の調製、EtOAc中のその分散、ポリエステル・ポリマーとの静置、膜塗布:
カーボンブラック試料を4−フルオロアニリンでジアゾニウム処理することにより、結合4−フルオロフェニル基を有するRegal(登録商標)330カーボンブラック(Cabot Corporationから商業的に入手可能)を調製した。1200gのRegal 330カーボンブラック試料を、480.8gの8.9%硝酸と一緒にProcessAll 4Lミキサー内に装入した。5分間の混合後、反応器に75.2gの4−フルオロアニリンを添加した。温度が65℃に達したら、186.8gの水中の46.7gの亜硝酸ナトリウムの溶液を反応器にゆっくりと添加した。亜硝酸ナトリウム添加の終了後30分間にわたって、反応を実施した。反応器の処理済カーボンブラックを5体積の水で洗浄し、そして12時間にわたって85℃で乾燥させた。
改質カーボンブラック3の調製(スチレンアクリルでペレット化されたR660):スチレンアクリル水性エマルジョンLucidene 361(Rohm & Haasから商業的に入手可能)を噴霧することにより、スチレンアクリルポリマーが吸着されたRegal 660カーボンブラックを調製した。50gのLucidene 361試料を204gのDI水で希釈し、バッチ・ペレタイザー内で、500gのRegal 660カーボンブラック試料上にゆっくりと噴霧した。エマルジョン添加終了後30分間にわたって、ペレタイザー内の混合を続けた。カーボンブラックを12時間にわたって85℃で乾燥させた。
改質カーボンブラック3(Joncryl 611を有するR330)の調製、EtOAc中のその分散、トナーポリマー膜との静置:
Joncryl 611樹脂(Johnsonポリマーから商業的に入手可能)を有するエチルアセテート中にカーボンブラックを分散させることにより、スチレンアクリル樹脂が吸着されたRegal 330カーボンブラックを調製した。20gのRegal 330試料を、10gのJoncryl 611樹脂及び70gのエチルアセテートと、金属缶の中で混合した。ガラス・ビーズ(2mm直径、100g)を加え、Skandexペイント震盪器内に4時間にわたって置いた。光散乱(UPA)によって測定された結果としての分散体の平均粒度は223nmであった。R330(練り顔料)の分散体を、ポリエステル・トナーポリマーFINE-TONE T6694(Reichholdから商業的に入手可能)のエチルアセテート溶液と一緒に静置した。静置された調製物をガラス・スライド上に塗布し、60℃で乾燥させた。結果として生じたポリエステル膜は、1%のRegal 330カーボンブラックを含有した。このフィルムの光学画像(図4)は、カーボンブラック凝集体を示さず、またブラック顔料とポリエステル樹脂との優れた適合性を示す。
3.0gのRegal 660を、60gのポリ(スチレン−コ−ブチルアクリレート)と手動で混合した。混合物を、160℃まで予熱されたBrabender Sigmaブレード・ミキサーに添加した。複合材料を3分間にわたって混合した。混合を停止し、Brabenderを室温まで冷ましておいた。複合材料を取り出した。このバルク材料から3つの試料を選んだ。これらの3つの試料をダイヤモンド・ミクロトームを使用して断面し、グリッド上に載せ、そしてTEMによって分析した。複合材料はポリマーマトリックスと充填剤とから成る。充填剤はカーボンブラック、すなわち、ブチルベンゾエールで改質されたRegal 660である。ポリマーマトリックスは、ポリ(スチレン−コ−ブチルアクリレート)である。画像枠にはいくつかの凝集体が観察されることが明らかである。
3.0gのMogul Lを、60gのポリ(スチレン−コ−ブチルアクリレート)と手動で混合した。混合物を、160℃まで予熱されたBrabender Sigmaブレード・ミキサーに添加した。複合材料を3分間にわたって混合した。混合を停止し、Brabenderを室温まで冷ましておいた。複合材料を取り出した。このバルク材料から3つの試料を選んだ。これらの3つの試料をダイヤモンド・ミクロトームを使用して断面し、グリッド上に載せ、そしてTEMによって分析した。2ミクロンを上回る凝集体が13個見られる。
Claims (24)
- 樹脂と着色剤とを含むトナー組成物であって、該着色剤が、
a)
式:−Ar、−Ar−Alkx、
- 該着色剤が、
式:−Ar、−Ar−Alkx、
- 該トナー組成物のアスペクト比が、約1.0〜約3.0である、請求項2に記載のトナー組成物。
- 該トナー組成物の平均粒度が約3〜約10ミクロンである、請求項2に記載のトナー組成物。
- 該着色剤が、該着色剤の表面上に少なくとも1種のフェニル含有ポリマーが吸着された顔料を含む改質顔料である、請求項1に記載のトナー組成物。
- 前記吸着されたフェニル含有ポリマーが、ポリスチレン、ポリ(スチレン−アクリレート)、ポリエステル、又はポリ(フェニルメチルシロキサン)である、請求項5に記載のトナー組成物。
- 該トナー組成物の平均粒度が約3〜約10ミクロンである、請求項5に記載のトナー組成物。
- 該着色剤が、炭素相と金属含有種相とを含む炭素生成物である、請求項1に記載のトナー組成物。
- 前記トナー組成物が化学トナーである、請求項1に記載のトナー組成物。
- 該着色剤が、ブルー顔料、ブラック顔料、ブラウン顔料、シアン顔料、グリーン顔料、ホワイト顔料、バイオレット顔料、マゼンタ顔料、レッド顔料、イエロー顔料、オレンジ顔料、又はこれらの混合物を含む、請求項1に記載のトナー組成物。
- 該着色剤が炭素生成物である、請求項1に記載のトナー組成物。
- 該着色剤がカーボンブラックである、請求項1に記載のトナー組成物。
- i) 前記改質着色剤を含む水性分散体と、少なくとも1種のポリマーを含む水性エマルジョンと、任意のワックスとを合体させることにより、混合物を形成し;ii) 該混合物から凝固トナーを形成し、そしてiii) 該ポリマーのTgを上回るように該凝固トナーを加熱することによりトナーを形成する、ことを含む、請求項1に記載のトナー組成物を製造する方法。
- 工程ii)が、該混合物と、少なくとも1種の凝固剤とを合体させることを含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- さらに、工程iii)後に、該トナーをカプセル化する工程を含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- i) 少なくとも1種のモノマー中で前記改質着色剤の分散体を形成し;ii) 水性媒質中で該分散体の懸濁液を形成し;そしてiii) 該懸濁液を重合することにより、トナーを形成する、ことを含む、請求項1に記載のトナー組成物を製造する方法。
- さらに、工程iii)後に、該トナーをカプセル化する工程を含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- i) 少なくとも1種の非水性溶媒と少なくとも1種のポリエステルとを含むポリマー溶液中で、前記改質着色剤の分散体を形成し;ii) 水性媒質中で該分散体のエマルジョンを形成し;そしてiii) 該溶媒を蒸発させることによりトナーを形成する、ことを含む、請求項1に記載のトナー組成物を製造する方法。
- さらに、工程iii)後に、該トナーをカプセル化する工程を含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種のポリマー中で分散された処理済充填剤を含む電子写真術のための化学トナーであって、該化学トナーが、無処理充填剤で製造される場合よりも低い定着温度を有することができ、前記少なくとも1種のポリマーが任意に溶解パラメータを有し、そして前記処理済充填剤が計算溶解パラメータを有し、前記溶解パラメータと前記計算溶解パラメータとが互いから10%以内にある、電子写真術のための化学トナー。
- 該処理済充填剤が、処理済カーボンブラックを含む、請求項20に記載の化学トナー。
- 該処理済充填剤が、少なくとも1つの化学基が結合されたカーボンブラックを含む、請求項20に記載の化学トナー。
- 少なくとも1種のポリマーが乳化ポリマーを含む、請求項20に記載の化学トナー。
- 前記溶解パラメータと前記計算溶解パラメータとが互いから5%以内にある、請求項20に記載の化学トナー。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101772738A (zh) | 2010-07-07 |
TW200907612A (en) | 2009-02-16 |
US20080305422A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
JP5957486B2 (ja) | 2016-07-27 |
WO2008153972A2 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
JP2014222344A (ja) | 2014-11-27 |
KR20100022515A (ko) | 2010-03-02 |
US8394563B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 |
EP2160654A2 (en) | 2010-03-10 |
KR101428836B1 (ko) | 2014-08-11 |
WO2008153972A3 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
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