JP2010255089A - アルミニウム多孔質焼結体の製造方法およびアルミニウム多孔質焼結体 - Google Patents
アルミニウム多孔質焼結体の製造方法およびアルミニウム多孔質焼結体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2010255089A JP2010255089A JP2009186616A JP2009186616A JP2010255089A JP 2010255089 A JP2010255089 A JP 2010255089A JP 2009186616 A JP2009186616 A JP 2009186616A JP 2009186616 A JP2009186616 A JP 2009186616A JP 2010255089 A JP2010255089 A JP 2010255089A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- powder
- titanium
- sintered body
- porous sintered
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 234
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 207
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 48
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- -1 titanium hydride Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000048 titanium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910018575 Al—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 30
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 181
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910018182 Al—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000789 Aluminium-silicon alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaine Natural products C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical group OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003087 methylethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
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- B22F3/1125—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers involving a foaming process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/002—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature
- B22F7/004—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature comprising at least one non-porous part
- B22F7/006—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature comprising at least one non-porous part the porous part being obtained by foaming
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
- C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/003—Alloys based on aluminium containing at least 2.6% of one or more of the elements: tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, and titanium
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
【解決手段】アルミニウム粉末に焼結助剤元素を含む焼結助剤粉末を混合してアルミニウム混合原料粉末とし、このアルミニウム混合原料粉末を気孔を含む焼結前成形体とし、その焼結前成形体を非酸化性雰囲気にて加熱焼成することによりアルミニウムの多孔質焼結体を製造するアルミニウム多孔質焼結体の製造方法において、上記焼結助剤元素としてチタンを用い、かつ上記アルミニウム混合原料粉末が融解を開始する温度をTm(℃)としたときに、上記加熱焼成温度T(℃)をTm−10(℃)≦T≦685(℃)とする。
【選択図】図1
Description
その理由について述べると、このスラリー発泡法では、金属粉末に圧縮等の応力をかけることなく焼結するフリーシンタリングによって焼結して発泡金属を得ることになる。しかし、アルミニウム粉末は表面に数nm〜数10nmの緻密な酸化アルミニウム被膜で覆われていて、それが固相、液相を問わずに焼結を阻害する。そのためにフリーシンタリンングでは焼結が困難であって、そのためスラリー発泡法で均質な発泡アルミニウムが得られなかった。
ところが、この種の多孔質アルミニウム合金を用いた場合においても、液相発生によって融点が低下する結果、上記接合時の耐熱性が低下し、このため使用条件(特に、使用される温度条件)によっては、実際の使用に耐え得ないことがあった。
これは、焼結助剤粉末の配合比Wが20質量%を超えるとアルミニウム混合原料粉末中で焼結助剤粉末同士が接点を持つようになって、アルミニウムとチタンの反応熱を制御できなくなるとともに所望の多孔質焼結体が得られないようになるので、0.1(質量%)≦W≦20(質量%)とする。
このAl−Ti化合物粒子は、高融点(約1350℃)であるとともに、上記アルミニウム多孔質焼結体は、全体気孔率が10〜70%であるために、上述した互いに組成の異なるアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金同士をロウ付け等によって接合する際に、両者間に緩衝材として好適に用いることができる。
これは、焼結前成形体を融解温度Tm(℃)まで加熱することにより、アルミニウムとチタンとの反応が開始するものと考えられるものの、実際にはアルミニウムに不純物としてFeやSiなどの共晶合金元素を微量に含有して融点が低下することから、Tm−10(℃)まで加熱することによりアルミニウムとチタンとの反応が開始して発泡アルミニウムを形成するものと考えられるためである。実際に、アルミニウムの融点が660℃であるのに対して、純アルミニウム粉として流通している純度98%〜99.7%程度のアトマイズ粉では650℃前後が溶解開始温度となる。
次に、平均粒子径2.1μm、9.4μm、24μm、87μmおよび175μmのAl粉と、平均粒子径9.8μm、24μmおよび42μmのTi粉と、平均粒子径4.2μm、9.1μmおよび21μmのTiH2粉とを用意する。そして、上述の実施の形態に従って、表1に示す割合でAl粉にTi粉および/またはTiH2粉を混合したアルミニウム混合原料粉末1〜10を調製し、表2に示す配合組成でバインダー溶液1〜5を調製し、それらと非水溶性炭化水素系有機溶剤を表3に示す割合で混練して実施例1〜16の粘性組成物を製造した。
次いで、実施例と同一のAl粉、Ti粉およびTiH2粉を用意して調製した比較アルミニウム混合原料粉末1〜5を上記アルミニウム混合原料粉末1〜9とともに用いて、表2に示すバインダー溶液1〜5によって非水溶性炭化水素系有機溶剤を表4に示す割合で混練した他は、実施例と同様にして比較例1〜9の発泡アルミニウムを製造した。そして、比較例1〜9の発泡アルミニウムを実施例と同様の方法にて評価して表5に示すとともに、比較例1の発泡アルミニウムのSEM写真を図3した。
次に、表3で示した非水溶性炭化水素系有機溶剤を添加せずに混練して、同様にドクターブレード法にて剥離剤が塗布されたポリエチレンシートに引き伸ばして塗布し、乾燥させた後に、ポリエチレンシートから剥がして焼結前成形体を得、当該焼結前成形体を、ジルコニア敷粉を敷いたアルミナセッターの上に載置して、アルゴン気流雰囲気中または大気中で脱バインダーを行った後に、加熱焼成して、アルミニウム多孔質焼結体を得た。
ちなみに、本実施例においては、一例としてアルミニウムに、各々同量となる1.0重量%のTi、Si、Cu成分を配合したものを用いた。
Claims (5)
- アルミニウム粉末に焼結助剤元素を含む焼結助剤粉末を混合してアルミニウム混合原料粉末とし、このアルミニウム混合原料粉末を気孔を含む焼結前成形体とし、その焼結前成形体を非酸化性雰囲気にて加熱焼成することによりアルミニウムの多孔質焼結体を製造するアルミニウム多孔質焼結体の製造方法において、
上記焼結助剤元素がチタンであり、かつ上記アルミニウム混合原料粉末が融解を開始する温度をTm(℃)としたときに、上記加熱焼成温度T(℃)がTm−10(℃)≦T≦685(℃)であることを特徴とするアルミニウム多孔質焼結体の製造方法。 - 上記アルミニウム粉末は、平均粒子径が2〜200μmであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のアルミニウム多孔質焼結体の製造方法。
- 上記焼結助剤粉末の平均粒子径をr(μm)、上記焼結助剤粉末の配合比をW質量%としたときに、1(μm)≦r≦30(μm)、1≦W≦20(質量%)であり、かつ0.1≦W/r≦2であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれか一項に記載のアルミニウム多孔質焼結体の製造方法。
- 上記焼結助剤粉末は、チタンおよび/または水素化チタンであることを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれか一項に記載のアルミニウム多孔質焼結体の製造方法。
- アルミニウム焼結素地に、Al−Ti化合物が分散して分布したアルミニウム多孔質焼結体であって、
上記アルミニウム焼結素地は、アルミニウム粒子とアルミニウム粒子との焼結体であり、かつ上記Al−Ti化合物粒子は、アルミニウム粒子とチタン粒子の焼結合成反応によって生成したAl−Ti化合物粒子であり、
上記Al−Ti化合物粒子は、上記アルミニウム焼結素地の上記アルミニウム粒子と焼結しており、かつ上記アルミニウム焼結素地のアルミニウム粒子間に空隙が形成されることにより、全体気孔率が10〜70%であることを特徴とするアルミニウム多孔質焼結体。
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KR101321247B1 (ko) | 2013-11-13 |
KR20110122207A (ko) | 2011-11-09 |
TW201107492A (en) | 2011-03-01 |
US20120094142A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
EP2415542B1 (en) | 2021-07-28 |
EP2415542A1 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
WO2010116679A1 (ja) | 2010-10-14 |
TWI468525B (zh) | 2015-01-11 |
JP5402380B2 (ja) | 2014-01-29 |
CN102365143B (zh) | 2014-03-12 |
US9589732B2 (en) | 2017-03-07 |
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EP2415542A4 (en) | 2018-03-28 |
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