JP2008535523A5 - - Google Patents
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- JP2008535523A5 JP2008535523A5 JP2008506725A JP2008506725A JP2008535523A5 JP 2008535523 A5 JP2008535523 A5 JP 2008535523A5 JP 2008506725 A JP2008506725 A JP 2008506725A JP 2008506725 A JP2008506725 A JP 2008506725A JP 2008535523 A5 JP2008535523 A5 JP 2008535523A5
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- biomass
- ammonia
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011942 biocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 description 9
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 235000005824 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229940088598 Enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- -1 softener Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propanediol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229940035437 1,3-propanediol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ALRHLSYJTWAHJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Hydroxypropionic acid Chemical compound OCCC(O)=O ALRHLSYJTWAHJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940025131 Amylases Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940064005 Antibiotic throat preparations Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010001817 Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004386 Erythritol Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N Erythritol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940021015 I.V. solution additive Amino Acids Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Itaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-phenylalanine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940039696 Lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Levulinic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC(O)=O JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940040461 Lipase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100003028 MANBA Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- 108010059820 Polygalacturonase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000235070 Saccharomyces Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000235060 Scheffersomyces stipitis Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001137871 Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940024982 Topical Antifungal Antibiotics Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N Xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 Xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 241000588901 Zymomonas Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588902 Zymomonas mobilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000003869 acetamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 108090000637 alpha-Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 108010028144 alpha-Glucosidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- PPBAJDRXASKAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;urea Chemical compound [NH4+].NC(N)=O PPBAJDRXASKAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000010533 azeotropic distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
生体触媒による発酵にて生産される標的化学物質は、当該技術分野で既知の様々な方法を用いて回収されうる。生産物は、遠心分離、濾過、精密濾過、およびナノ濾過により、他の発酵成分から分離されうる。生産物は、イオン交換、溶媒抽出、または電気透析により抽出されうる。凝集剤を使用することで、生産物の分離が促進される。具体例として、バイオ生産された1−ブタノールは、ABE発酵についての当該技術分野で既知の方法を用いて発酵培地から単離されうる(例えば、デュレ(Durre)、Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.49:639−648頁(1998年)、グルート(Groot)ら、Process.Biochem.27:61−75頁(1992年)、およびそれらの中の参考文献を参照)。例えば、遠心分離、濾過、デカンテーションまたは同類のものにより、固体が発酵培地から除去されうる。次いで、1−ブタノールは、蒸留、共沸蒸留、液体−液体抽出、吸着、ガスストリッピング、膜蒸発、または透析蒸発などの方法を用いて発酵培地から単離されうる。発酵媒体からの1,3プロパンジオールの精製が、例えば、反応混合体に有機溶媒、蒸留、およびカラムクロマトグラフィーによる抽出を施すことにより実施されうる(米国特許第5,356,812号明細書)。この方法にとって特に良好な有機溶媒はシクロヘキサンである(米国特許第5,008,473号明細書)。アミノ酸は、イオン交換樹脂吸着および/または結晶化などの方法により発酵培地から回収されうる。
以上、本発明を要約すれば以下のとおりである。
1.a)バイオマスをアンモニアを含んでなる水溶液と接触させる工程であって、ここでアンモニアはバイオマス−水性アンモニア混合物のアルカリ性pHを維持するための少なくとも十分な濃度で存在するが、前記アンモニアはバイオマスの乾燥重量に対して約12重量パーセント未満で存在し、かつさらにバイオマスの乾燥重量はバイオマス−水性アンモニア混合物の重量に対して少なくとも約15重量パーセントの高固体濃度にある、工程、
b)工程(a)の生産物を、発酵性糖を生産するための適切な条件下で糖化酵素共同体と接触させる工程、
c)工程(b)の生産物を、適切な発酵条件下で糖類を発酵可能な少なくとも1つの生体触媒と接触させ、標的化学物質を生産する工程、
を含んでなる、バイオマスから誘導可能な標的化学物質の生産方法。
2.工程(b)および(c)が同時に行われる前記1に記載の方法。
3.酸、アルコール、アルカン、アルケン、芳香族化合物、アルデヒド、ケトン、生体高分子、タンパク質、ペプチド、アミノ酸、ビタミン、抗生物質、および医薬品よりなる群から選択される前記1に記載の標的化学物質。
4.標的化学物質が、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール、ブタノール、エチレングリコール、プロパンジオール、ブタンジオール、グリセロール、エリスリトール、キシリトール、ソルビトール、酢酸、乳酸、プロピオン酸、3−ヒドロキシプロピオン酸、酪酸、グルコン酸、イタコン酸、クエン酸、コハク酸、レブリン酸、グルタミン酸、アスパラギン酸、メチオニン、リジン、グリシン、アルギニン、トレオニン、フェニルアラニン、チロシン、メタン、エチレン、アセトン、および工業用酵素よりなる群から選択される前記1に記載の方法。
5.標的化学物質が乳酸、プロパンジオールまたはエタノールである前記4に記載の方法。
6.前記少なくとも1つの生体触媒が、細菌、糸状真菌および酵母よりなる群から選択される前記1に記載の方法。
7.前記少なくとも1つの生体触媒が、野生型、変異体、または組換え体である、エスケリキア(Escherichia)、ジモモナス(Zymomonas)、カンジダ(Candida)、サッカロミセス(Saccharomyces)、ピキア(Pichia)、ストレプトマイセス(Streptomyces)、バチルス(Bacillus)、ラクトバチルス(Lactobacillus)およびクロストリジウム(Clostridium)よりなる群から選択される前記1に記載の方法。
8.前記少なくとも1つの生体触媒が組換え大腸菌(Escherichia coli)、ジモモナス・モビリス(Zymomonas mobilis)、バチルス・ステアロサーモフィラス(Bacillus stearothermophilus)、サッカロミセス・セレビシェ(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、クロストリジア・サーモセルム(Clostridia thermocellum)、サーモアナエロバクテリウム・サッカロリチクム(Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum)、およびピキア・スチピチス(Pichia stipitis)よりなる群から選択される前記1に記載の方法。
9.バイオマス−水性アンモニア混合物のpHが8より大きい前記1に記載の方法。
10.バイオマスとアンモニアを含んでなる水溶液との接触に先立ち、バイオマスに真空を適用する前記1に記載の方法。
11.前記バイオマスの乾燥重量が少なくとも約15%〜約80%の高固体濃度にある前記1に記載の方法。
12.前記バイオマスの乾燥重量が少なくとも約15%〜約60%の高固体濃度にある前記11に記載の方法。
13.前記アンモニアがバイオマスの乾燥重量に対して約10重量パーセント未満で存在する前記1に記載の方法。
14.前記アンモニアがバイオマスの乾燥重量に対して約6%もしくはそれ以下の重量パーセントで存在する前記13に記載の方法。
15.バイオマスがバイオエネルギー作物、農業残渣、都市固体廃棄物、産業固体廃棄物、工場廃棄物、木材および林業廃棄物よりなる群から選択される前記1に記載の方法。
16.バイオマスが、スイッチグラス、紙くず、製紙汚泥、トウモロコシ粒、トウモロコシ穂軸、トウモロコシの皮、コーンストーバー、草、小麦、小麦のわら、まぐさ、大麦、大麦のわら、稲わら、サトウキビバガス、モロコシ、大豆、穀物の加工から得られる成分、木、枝、根、葉、ウッドチップ、おがくず、低木およびブッシュ、野菜、果物、花ならびに動物糞尿よりなる群から選択される前記1に記載の方法。
17.バイオマスが、トウモロコシ穂軸、コーンストーバー、トウモロコシの皮、サトウキビバガス、おがくず、スイッチグラス、小麦のわら、まぐさ、大麦のわら、稲わら、および草よりなる群から選択される前記16に記載の方法。
18.バイオマスが、トウモロコシ穂軸、コーンストーバー、おがくず、およびサトウキビバガスよりなる群から選択される前記17に記載の方法。
19.アンモニアが、アンモニアガス、水酸化アンモニウム、尿素、およびこれらの組み合わせよりなる群から選択される前記1に記載の方法。
20.(a)が約4℃〜約200℃の温度で実施される前記1に記載の方法。
21.(a)が約75℃〜約150℃の温度で実施される前記20に記載の方法。
22.(a)が90℃より高く約150℃以下の温度で実施される前記21に記載の方法。
23.(a)が最大約25時間の期間に実施される前記1に記載の方法。
24.(a)が最大約8時間の期間に実施される前記23に記載の方法。
25.(a)のアンモニアの少なくとも一部が(b)に先立ち除去される前記1または2に記載の方法。
26.(a)からのアンモニアが再生される前記25に記載の方法。
27.(b)の接触させる工程が少なくとも約15%のバイオマス濃度の乾燥重量で行われる前記1に記載の方法。
28.(a)、(b)または(a)および(b)が少なくとも1回繰り返される前記1に記載の方法。
29.(a)において少なくとも1つの可塑剤、柔軟剤またはこれらの組み合わせを添加する工程をさらに含んでなる前記1に記載の方法。
30.前記少なくとも1つの可塑剤、柔軟剤またはこれらの組み合わせが、ポリオール、ポリオールのエステル、グリコールエーテル、アセトアミド、エタノール、およびエタノールアミンよりなる群から選択される前記29に記載の方法。
31.(a)の前または間、(b)の前または間、あるいはそれらの組み合わせにおいてエネルギーを加える工程をさらに含んでなる前記1に記載の方法。
32.前記エネルギーが、ミリング、クラッシング、粉砕、破砕、チョッピング、ディスクリファイニング、超音波およびマイクロ波よりなる群から選択される前記31に記載の方法。
33.糖化に先立ち、発酵からの二酸化炭素が使用されて前処理における混合物のpHが調節される前記1に記載の方法。
34.前記糖化酵素共同体が少なくとも1つのグリコシダーゼを含んでなる前記1に記載の方法。
35.前記糖化酵素共同体が、セルロースを加水分解するグリコシダーゼ、ヘミセルロースを加水分解するグリコシダーゼ、澱粉を加水分解するグリコシダーゼ、ペプチダーゼ、リパーゼ、リグニナーゼおよびフェルロイルエステラーゼよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの酵素を含んでなる前記1に記載の方法。
36.前記糖化酵素共同体が、セルラーゼ、エンドグルカナーゼ、エキソグルカナーゼ、
セロビオヒドロラーゼ、β−グルコシダーゼ、キシラナーゼ、エンドキシラナーゼ、エキソキシラナーゼ、β−キシロシダーゼ、アラビノキシラナーゼ、マンナーゼ、ガラクターゼ、ペクチナーゼ、グルクロニダーゼ、アミラーゼ、α−アミラーゼ、β−アミラーゼ、グルコアミラーゼ、α−グルコシダーゼ、イソアミラーゼよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの酵素を含んでなる前記1に記載の方法。
37.(b)が約15℃〜約100℃の温度および約2〜約11のpHで実施される前記1に記載の方法。
以上、本発明を要約すれば以下のとおりである。
1.a)バイオマスをアンモニアを含んでなる水溶液と接触させる工程であって、ここでアンモニアはバイオマス−水性アンモニア混合物のアルカリ性pHを維持するための少なくとも十分な濃度で存在するが、前記アンモニアはバイオマスの乾燥重量に対して約12重量パーセント未満で存在し、かつさらにバイオマスの乾燥重量はバイオマス−水性アンモニア混合物の重量に対して少なくとも約15重量パーセントの高固体濃度にある、工程、
b)工程(a)の生産物を、発酵性糖を生産するための適切な条件下で糖化酵素共同体と接触させる工程、
c)工程(b)の生産物を、適切な発酵条件下で糖類を発酵可能な少なくとも1つの生体触媒と接触させ、標的化学物質を生産する工程、
を含んでなる、バイオマスから誘導可能な標的化学物質の生産方法。
2.工程(b)および(c)が同時に行われる前記1に記載の方法。
3.酸、アルコール、アルカン、アルケン、芳香族化合物、アルデヒド、ケトン、生体高分子、タンパク質、ペプチド、アミノ酸、ビタミン、抗生物質、および医薬品よりなる群から選択される前記1に記載の標的化学物質。
4.標的化学物質が、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール、ブタノール、エチレングリコール、プロパンジオール、ブタンジオール、グリセロール、エリスリトール、キシリトール、ソルビトール、酢酸、乳酸、プロピオン酸、3−ヒドロキシプロピオン酸、酪酸、グルコン酸、イタコン酸、クエン酸、コハク酸、レブリン酸、グルタミン酸、アスパラギン酸、メチオニン、リジン、グリシン、アルギニン、トレオニン、フェニルアラニン、チロシン、メタン、エチレン、アセトン、および工業用酵素よりなる群から選択される前記1に記載の方法。
5.標的化学物質が乳酸、プロパンジオールまたはエタノールである前記4に記載の方法。
6.前記少なくとも1つの生体触媒が、細菌、糸状真菌および酵母よりなる群から選択される前記1に記載の方法。
7.前記少なくとも1つの生体触媒が、野生型、変異体、または組換え体である、エスケリキア(Escherichia)、ジモモナス(Zymomonas)、カンジダ(Candida)、サッカロミセス(Saccharomyces)、ピキア(Pichia)、ストレプトマイセス(Streptomyces)、バチルス(Bacillus)、ラクトバチルス(Lactobacillus)およびクロストリジウム(Clostridium)よりなる群から選択される前記1に記載の方法。
8.前記少なくとも1つの生体触媒が組換え大腸菌(Escherichia coli)、ジモモナス・モビリス(Zymomonas mobilis)、バチルス・ステアロサーモフィラス(Bacillus stearothermophilus)、サッカロミセス・セレビシェ(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、クロストリジア・サーモセルム(Clostridia thermocellum)、サーモアナエロバクテリウム・サッカロリチクム(Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum)、およびピキア・スチピチス(Pichia stipitis)よりなる群から選択される前記1に記載の方法。
9.バイオマス−水性アンモニア混合物のpHが8より大きい前記1に記載の方法。
10.バイオマスとアンモニアを含んでなる水溶液との接触に先立ち、バイオマスに真空を適用する前記1に記載の方法。
11.前記バイオマスの乾燥重量が少なくとも約15%〜約80%の高固体濃度にある前記1に記載の方法。
12.前記バイオマスの乾燥重量が少なくとも約15%〜約60%の高固体濃度にある前記11に記載の方法。
13.前記アンモニアがバイオマスの乾燥重量に対して約10重量パーセント未満で存在する前記1に記載の方法。
14.前記アンモニアがバイオマスの乾燥重量に対して約6%もしくはそれ以下の重量パーセントで存在する前記13に記載の方法。
15.バイオマスがバイオエネルギー作物、農業残渣、都市固体廃棄物、産業固体廃棄物、工場廃棄物、木材および林業廃棄物よりなる群から選択される前記1に記載の方法。
16.バイオマスが、スイッチグラス、紙くず、製紙汚泥、トウモロコシ粒、トウモロコシ穂軸、トウモロコシの皮、コーンストーバー、草、小麦、小麦のわら、まぐさ、大麦、大麦のわら、稲わら、サトウキビバガス、モロコシ、大豆、穀物の加工から得られる成分、木、枝、根、葉、ウッドチップ、おがくず、低木およびブッシュ、野菜、果物、花ならびに動物糞尿よりなる群から選択される前記1に記載の方法。
17.バイオマスが、トウモロコシ穂軸、コーンストーバー、トウモロコシの皮、サトウキビバガス、おがくず、スイッチグラス、小麦のわら、まぐさ、大麦のわら、稲わら、および草よりなる群から選択される前記16に記載の方法。
18.バイオマスが、トウモロコシ穂軸、コーンストーバー、おがくず、およびサトウキビバガスよりなる群から選択される前記17に記載の方法。
19.アンモニアが、アンモニアガス、水酸化アンモニウム、尿素、およびこれらの組み合わせよりなる群から選択される前記1に記載の方法。
20.(a)が約4℃〜約200℃の温度で実施される前記1に記載の方法。
21.(a)が約75℃〜約150℃の温度で実施される前記20に記載の方法。
22.(a)が90℃より高く約150℃以下の温度で実施される前記21に記載の方法。
23.(a)が最大約25時間の期間に実施される前記1に記載の方法。
24.(a)が最大約8時間の期間に実施される前記23に記載の方法。
25.(a)のアンモニアの少なくとも一部が(b)に先立ち除去される前記1または2に記載の方法。
26.(a)からのアンモニアが再生される前記25に記載の方法。
27.(b)の接触させる工程が少なくとも約15%のバイオマス濃度の乾燥重量で行われる前記1に記載の方法。
28.(a)、(b)または(a)および(b)が少なくとも1回繰り返される前記1に記載の方法。
29.(a)において少なくとも1つの可塑剤、柔軟剤またはこれらの組み合わせを添加する工程をさらに含んでなる前記1に記載の方法。
30.前記少なくとも1つの可塑剤、柔軟剤またはこれらの組み合わせが、ポリオール、ポリオールのエステル、グリコールエーテル、アセトアミド、エタノール、およびエタノールアミンよりなる群から選択される前記29に記載の方法。
31.(a)の前または間、(b)の前または間、あるいはそれらの組み合わせにおいてエネルギーを加える工程をさらに含んでなる前記1に記載の方法。
32.前記エネルギーが、ミリング、クラッシング、粉砕、破砕、チョッピング、ディスクリファイニング、超音波およびマイクロ波よりなる群から選択される前記31に記載の方法。
33.糖化に先立ち、発酵からの二酸化炭素が使用されて前処理における混合物のpHが調節される前記1に記載の方法。
34.前記糖化酵素共同体が少なくとも1つのグリコシダーゼを含んでなる前記1に記載の方法。
35.前記糖化酵素共同体が、セルロースを加水分解するグリコシダーゼ、ヘミセルロースを加水分解するグリコシダーゼ、澱粉を加水分解するグリコシダーゼ、ペプチダーゼ、リパーゼ、リグニナーゼおよびフェルロイルエステラーゼよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの酵素を含んでなる前記1に記載の方法。
36.前記糖化酵素共同体が、セルラーゼ、エンドグルカナーゼ、エキソグルカナーゼ、
セロビオヒドロラーゼ、β−グルコシダーゼ、キシラナーゼ、エンドキシラナーゼ、エキソキシラナーゼ、β−キシロシダーゼ、アラビノキシラナーゼ、マンナーゼ、ガラクターゼ、ペクチナーゼ、グルクロニダーゼ、アミラーゼ、α−アミラーゼ、β−アミラーゼ、グルコアミラーゼ、α−グルコシダーゼ、イソアミラーゼよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの酵素を含んでなる前記1に記載の方法。
37.(b)が約15℃〜約100℃の温度および約2〜約11のpHで実施される前記1に記載の方法。
Claims (1)
- a)バイオマスをアンモニアを含んでなる水溶液と接触させる工程であって、ここでアンモニアはバイオマス−水性アンモニア混合物のアルカリ性pHを維持するための少なくとも十分な濃度で存在するが、前記アンモニアはバイオマスの乾燥重量に対して約12重量パーセント未満で存在し、かつさらにバイオマスの乾燥重量はバイオマス−水性アンモニア混合物の重量に対して少なくとも約15重量パーセントの高固体濃度にある、工程、
b)工程(a)の生産物を、発酵性糖を生産するための適切な条件下で糖化酵素共同体と接触させる工程、
c)工程(b)の生産物を、適切な発酵条件下で糖類を発酵可能な少なくとも1つの生体触媒と接触させ、標的化学物質を生産する工程、
を含んでなる、バイオマスから誘導可能な標的化学物質の生産方法。
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