DE3414704C2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE3414704C2 DE3414704C2 DE3414704A DE3414704A DE3414704C2 DE 3414704 C2 DE3414704 C2 DE 3414704C2 DE 3414704 A DE3414704 A DE 3414704A DE 3414704 A DE3414704 A DE 3414704A DE 3414704 C2 DE3414704 C2 DE 3414704C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- scanning
- voltage
- electrodes
- liquid crystal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
- G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
- G09G3/3622—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using a passive matrix
- G09G3/3629—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using a passive matrix using liquid crystals having memory effects, e.g. ferroelectric liquid crystals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/04—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with macromolecular additives; with layer-forming substances
- G03C1/047—Proteins, e.g. gelatine derivatives; Hydrolysis or extraction products of proteins
- G03C2001/0471—Isoelectric point of gelatine
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
- G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
- G09G2310/0202—Addressing of scan or signal lines
- G09G2310/0205—Simultaneous scanning of several lines in flat panels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
- G09G2310/04—Partial updating of the display screen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
- G09G2310/06—Details of flat display driving waveforms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
- G09G2310/06—Details of flat display driving waveforms
- G09G2310/065—Waveforms comprising zero voltage phase or pause
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
- G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
- G09G2320/0209—Crosstalk reduction, i.e. to reduce direct or indirect influences of signals directed to a certain pixel of the displayed image on other pixels of said image, inclusive of influences affecting pixels in different frames or fields or sub-images which constitute a same image, e.g. left and right images of a stereoscopic display
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
- G09G3/2014—Display of intermediate tones by modulation of the duration of a single pulse during which the logic level remains constant
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
- G09G3/2018—Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S359/00—Optical: systems and elements
- Y10S359/90—Methods
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal Display Device Control (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Description
1 < |V₁(t)min. |/|V₂ |,
1 < |V₁(t)max. |/|V 2a |,
1 < |V₁(t)min. |/|V 2a |.
-(V₁+V₂) < V th ₂ < V₂, -(V₁-V₂).
1 < | V₁(t)min. |/|V₂ | < 10,
1 < | V₁(t)max. |/|V 2a | < 10,
1 < | V₁(t)min. |/|V 2a | < 10.
|Va | < |V th 1 |, |V th 2 |
-3 V < -V th 1 < -V
Claims (23)
- a) an eine gewählte Abtastelektrode (32 s) ein Abtast- Wählsignal anlegt, das zwei in einer ersten und einer zweiten Phase auftretende Teilsignale enthält, die - bezogen auf einen an den nichtgewählten Abtastelektroden (32 n) anliegenden Spannungspegel - entgegengesetzte Polarität aufweisen,
- b) an gewählte Signalelektroden (33 s) ein erstes Informationssignal mit einem Spannungspegel anlegt, der in Verbindung mit dem Abtast-Wählsignal eine erste Spannung (+2V) hervorruft, die eine erste Schwellenspannung (V th 1) des ferroelektrischen Flüssigkristallmaterials übersteigt, während dieser Spannungspegel in Verbindung mit dem an den nichtgewählten Abtastelektroden anliegenden Spannungspegel eine zwischen der ersten (V th 1) und einer zweiten Schwellenspannung (V th 2) liegenden Spannung hervorruft, und
- c) an die nichtgewählten Signalelektroden (33 n) ein zweites Informationssignal mit einem Spannungspegel anlegt, der in Verbindung mit dem Abtast-Wählsignal eine zweite Spannung (-2V) hervorruft, die die zweite Schwellenspannung (V th 2) des ferroelektrischen Flüssigkristallmaterials übersteigt, während dieser Spannungspegel in Verbindung mit dem an den nichtgewählten Abtastelektroden anliegenden Spannungspegel eine zwischen der ersten (V th 1) und der zweiten Schwellenspannung (V th 2) liegende Spannung hervorruft (Fig. 4, 5, 6).
- a) an eine gewählte Abtastelektrode (32 s) ein Abtast- Wählsignal anlegt, da zwei in einer ersten und einer zweiten Phase auftretende Teilsignale enthält, die - bezogen auf einen an den nichtgewählten Abtastelektroden (32 n) anliegenden Spannungspegel - entgegengesetzte Polarität aufweisen,
- b) in der ersten Phase an alle Signalelektroden (33 s,n) ein erstes Signal mit einem Spannungspegel anlegt, der in Verbindung mit dem ersten Teilsignal des Abtast-Wählsignals eine erste Spannung (-2V) der einen Polarität hervorruft, die eine erste Schwellenspannung (-V th 2) des ferroelektrischen Flüssigkristallmaterials übersteigt, während dieser Spannungspegel in Verbindung mit dem an den nichtgewählten Abtastelektroden anliegenden Spannungspegel eine zwischen der ersten (-V th 2) und einer zweiten Schwellenspannung (V th 1) liegende Spannung hervorruft, und
- c) in der zweiten Phase an gewählte Signalelektroden (33 s) ein zweites Signal mit einem Spannungspegel anlegt, der in Verbindung mit dem zweiten Teilsignal des Abtast-Wählsignals eine zweite Spannung (2V) der entgegengesetzten Polarität hervorruft, die die zweite Schwellenspannung (V th 1) des ferroelektrischen Flüssigkristall materials übersteigt, während dieser Spannungspegel in Verbindung mit dem an den nichtgewählten Abtastelektroden anliegenden Spannungspegel eine zwischen der ersten (-V th 2) und der zweiten Schwellenspannung (V th 1) liegende Spannung hervorruft (Fig. 7, 8).
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP6865983A JPS59193426A (ja) | 1983-04-19 | 1983-04-19 | 液晶装置 |
JP6866083A JPS59193427A (ja) | 1983-04-19 | 1983-04-19 | 液晶装置 |
JP13871083A JPS6031121A (ja) | 1983-07-30 | 1983-07-30 | 液晶装置 |
JP13870783A JPS6031120A (ja) | 1983-07-30 | 1983-07-30 | 液晶装置 |
JP14295483A JPS6033535A (ja) | 1983-08-04 | 1983-08-04 | 液晶装置 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3414704A1 DE3414704A1 (de) | 1984-10-25 |
DE3414704C2 true DE3414704C2 (de) | 1990-04-26 |
Family
ID=27524130
Family Applications (6)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE3448303A Expired - Lifetime DE3448303C2 (de) | 1983-04-19 | 1984-04-18 | |
DE3448304A Expired - Lifetime DE3448304C2 (de) | 1983-04-19 | 1984-04-18 | |
DE3448307A Expired - Lifetime DE3448307C2 (de) | 1983-04-19 | 1984-04-18 | |
DE3448305A Expired - Lifetime DE3448305C2 (de) | 1983-04-19 | 1984-04-18 | |
DE3448306A Expired - Lifetime DE3448306C2 (de) | 1983-04-19 | 1984-04-18 | |
DE19843414704 Granted DE3414704A1 (de) | 1983-04-19 | 1984-04-18 | Verfahren zum ansteuern einer optischen moduliervorrichtung |
Family Applications Before (5)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE3448303A Expired - Lifetime DE3448303C2 (de) | 1983-04-19 | 1984-04-18 | |
DE3448304A Expired - Lifetime DE3448304C2 (de) | 1983-04-19 | 1984-04-18 | |
DE3448307A Expired - Lifetime DE3448307C2 (de) | 1983-04-19 | 1984-04-18 | |
DE3448305A Expired - Lifetime DE3448305C2 (de) | 1983-04-19 | 1984-04-18 | |
DE3448306A Expired - Lifetime DE3448306C2 (de) | 1983-04-19 | 1984-04-18 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (15) | US4655561A (de) |
DE (6) | DE3448303C2 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2544884B1 (de) |
GB (6) | GB2141279B (de) |
HK (6) | HK70891A (de) |
SG (1) | SG11691G (de) |
Families Citing this family (179)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0629919B2 (ja) * | 1982-04-16 | 1994-04-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 液晶素子の駆動方法 |
US4655561A (en) * | 1983-04-19 | 1987-04-07 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of driving optical modulation device using ferroelectric liquid crystal |
US5418634A (en) * | 1983-04-19 | 1995-05-23 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for driving optical modulation device |
US5093737A (en) * | 1984-02-17 | 1992-03-03 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for driving a ferroelectric optical modulation device therefor to apply an erasing voltage in the first step |
AU584867B2 (en) * | 1983-12-09 | 1989-06-08 | Seiko Instruments & Electronics Ltd. | A liquid crystal display device |
US5296953A (en) * | 1984-01-23 | 1994-03-22 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Driving method for ferro-electric liquid crystal optical modulation device |
FR2558606B1 (fr) * | 1984-01-23 | 1993-11-05 | Canon Kk | Procede de commande d'un dispositif de modulation optique et dispositif de modulation optique pour sa mise en oeuvre |
US5757350A (en) * | 1984-01-23 | 1998-05-26 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Driving method for optical modulation device |
US5633652A (en) * | 1984-02-17 | 1997-05-27 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for driving optical modulation device |
US4712872A (en) * | 1984-03-26 | 1987-12-15 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal device |
DE3514807C2 (de) * | 1984-04-25 | 1994-12-22 | Canon Kk | Vorrichtung mit einer Flüssigkristallzelle, zum Ansteuern einer Transistoranordnung |
JPS6118929A (ja) * | 1984-07-05 | 1986-01-27 | Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd | 強誘電性液晶電気光学装置 |
US5400159A (en) * | 1991-08-06 | 1995-03-21 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal device having alignment film with particular surface energy difference before and after rubbing |
US5576864A (en) * | 1984-07-11 | 1996-11-19 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Chiral smectic liquid crystal device having fluorine-containing polymeric alignment film with predetermined refractive index anisotropy after rubbing |
US5726460A (en) * | 1984-07-13 | 1998-03-10 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal device |
US5301049A (en) * | 1984-07-13 | 1994-04-05 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal device with at least two liquid crystal compounds, one having one not having a cholesteric phase |
US4709995A (en) * | 1984-08-18 | 1987-12-01 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Ferroelectric display panel and driving method therefor to achieve gray scale |
JPS6152630A (ja) * | 1984-08-22 | 1986-03-15 | Hitachi Ltd | 液晶素子の駆動方法 |
JPH0693166B2 (ja) * | 1984-09-05 | 1994-11-16 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 液晶素子 |
JPS6167833A (ja) * | 1984-09-11 | 1986-04-08 | Citizen Watch Co Ltd | 液晶表示装置 |
JPS6167832A (ja) * | 1984-09-12 | 1986-04-08 | Canon Inc | 液晶素子 |
JPS6186732A (ja) * | 1984-10-04 | 1986-05-02 | Canon Inc | 液晶装置 |
JPS61163324A (ja) * | 1985-01-14 | 1986-07-24 | Canon Inc | 液晶セルの駆動方法 |
JPS61204681A (ja) * | 1985-03-07 | 1986-09-10 | キヤノン株式会社 | 液晶パネル |
GB2175725B (en) * | 1985-04-04 | 1989-10-25 | Seikosha Kk | Improvements in or relating to electro-optical display devices |
JPS61241731A (ja) * | 1985-04-19 | 1986-10-28 | Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd | スメクテイック液晶装置 |
US4923285A (en) * | 1985-04-22 | 1990-05-08 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Drive apparatus having a temperature detector |
US4778260A (en) * | 1985-04-22 | 1988-10-18 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method and apparatus for driving optical modulation device |
DE3613446A1 (de) * | 1985-04-22 | 1986-11-27 | Canon K.K., Tokio/Tokyo | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum ansteuern einer lichtmodulationsvorrichtung |
FR2581209B1 (fr) * | 1985-04-26 | 1993-11-05 | Canon Kk | Dispositif optique a cristal liquide |
US4844590A (en) * | 1985-05-25 | 1989-07-04 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method and apparatus for driving ferroelectric liquid crystal device |
GB2178581B (en) * | 1985-07-12 | 1989-07-19 | Canon Kk | Liquid crystal apparatus and driving method therefor |
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US4850676A (en) * | 1985-07-31 | 1989-07-25 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Method for driving a liquid crystal element |
FR2590392B1 (fr) * | 1985-09-04 | 1994-07-01 | Canon Kk | Dispositif a cristaux liquides ferroelectriques |
EP0226218B1 (de) | 1985-12-18 | 1993-07-14 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Flüssigkristallvorrichtung |
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US5255110A (en) * | 1985-12-25 | 1993-10-19 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Driving method for optical modulation device using ferroelectric liquid crystal |
US4770502A (en) * | 1986-01-10 | 1988-09-13 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Ferroelectric liquid crystal matrix driving apparatus and method |
US4830467A (en) * | 1986-02-12 | 1989-05-16 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | A driving signal generating unit having first and second voltage generators for selectively outputting a first voltage signal and a second voltage signal |
DE3787660T2 (de) * | 1986-02-17 | 1994-02-17 | Canon Kk | Steuergerät. |
US4796980A (en) * | 1986-04-02 | 1989-01-10 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Ferroelectric liquid crystal optical modulation device with regions within pixels to initiate nucleation and inversion |
GB8608114D0 (en) | 1986-04-03 | 1986-05-08 | Secr Defence | Smectic liquid crystal devices |
US4824218A (en) * | 1986-04-09 | 1989-04-25 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Optical modulation apparatus using ferroelectric liquid crystal and low-resistance portions of column electrodes |
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JPS62278540A (ja) * | 1986-05-27 | 1987-12-03 | Canon Inc | 液晶素子、その配向制御法及びその駆動法 |
JPH07120143B2 (ja) * | 1986-06-04 | 1995-12-20 | キヤノン株式会社 | 表示パネルの情報読出し法及び表示パネルの情報読出し装置 |
JP2505756B2 (ja) * | 1986-07-22 | 1996-06-12 | キヤノン株式会社 | 光学変調素子の駆動法 |
JP2505757B2 (ja) * | 1986-07-23 | 1996-06-12 | キヤノン株式会社 | 光学変調素子の駆動法 |
EP0256548B1 (de) * | 1986-08-18 | 1993-03-17 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ansteuerung einer optischen Modulationsanordnung |
ES2053486T3 (es) * | 1986-08-25 | 1994-08-01 | Canon Kk | Dispositivo de modulacion optica. |
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GB8728434D0 (en) * | 1987-12-04 | 1988-01-13 | Emi Plc Thorn | Display device |
JPS63116128A (ja) * | 1986-11-04 | 1988-05-20 | Canon Inc | 光学変調装置 |
US4790631A (en) * | 1987-01-05 | 1988-12-13 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal device with ferroelectric liquid crystal adapted for unipolar driving |
US5182549A (en) * | 1987-03-05 | 1993-01-26 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal apparatus |
US4952032A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1990-08-28 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Display device |
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US5172107A (en) * | 1987-11-26 | 1992-12-15 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Display system including an electrode matrix panel for scanning only scanning lines on which a moving display is written |
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JP2614280B2 (ja) * | 1988-08-17 | 1997-05-28 | キヤノン株式会社 | 液晶装置 |
ATE121211T1 (de) * | 1988-08-17 | 1995-04-15 | Canon Kk | Anzeigevorrichtung. |
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JP2632974B2 (ja) * | 1988-10-28 | 1997-07-23 | キヤノン株式会社 | 駆動装置及び液晶装置 |
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AU634725B2 (en) * | 1988-10-31 | 1993-03-04 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Display system |
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1987
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- 1991-09-05 HK HK707/91A patent/HK70791A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-09-05 HK HK709/91A patent/HK70991A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-09-05 HK HK706/91A patent/HK70691A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-05-12 US US08/440,321 patent/US5812108A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-19 US US08/444,898 patent/US5825390A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-19 US US08/444,899 patent/US5548303A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-19 US US08/444,746 patent/US5592192A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-05 US US08/462,978 patent/US5790449A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-05 US US08/463,781 patent/US5841417A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-05 US US08/462,974 patent/US5886680A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-05 US US08/465,357 patent/US5696526A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-05 US US08/463,780 patent/US5621427A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-05 US US08/465,090 patent/US5831587A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-05 US US08/465,058 patent/US5696525A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-05 US US08/465,225 patent/US5565884A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-05-27 US US08/863,598 patent/US6091388A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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