CN1906892B - 在无线通信系统中提供高效控制信道结构的方法和装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
按照本发明的一个方面,提供了一种方法,其中把用来发送控制信息的控制信道分成多个子信道,每一个子信道以特定数据率工作。对于一个或更多用户终端中的每一个,基于一个或更多选择标准来选择一个子信道以用于把控制信息从接入点传送到相应的用户终端。在为用户终端选择的特定子信道上,把控制信息从接入点发送到相应的用户终端。在用户终端,对一个或更多子信道进行解码来获得为该用户终端指定的控制信息。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及数据通信和处理,尤其涉及一种在无线局域网(WLAN)通信系统中提供高效控制信道结构的方法和装置。
背景技术
无线通信系统被广泛用于提供各种类型的通信,如语音、分组数据等等。这些系统可以是多路接入系统,通过共享可用系统资源能够支持依次地或同时地与多用户之间通信。多路接入系统的实例包括码分多址(CDMA)系统、时分多址(TDMA)系统、和频分多址(FDMA)系统。
近年来,无线局域网(WLAN)也广泛用于按照各种WIAN标准(如IEEE 802.11a、802.11b、和802.11g等)来实现无线电子设备(如计算机)间通过无线链路的通信。WLAN可以采用被称为接入点(或基站)的设备,其功能如集线器和/或路由器,并提供与网络中其它无线设备(如用户终端或用户站)之间的连通性。接入点也可以把WLAN连接(或桥接)到有线LAN,这样就允许无线设备访问LAN资源。
在无线通信系统中,来自发射机单元的射频(RF)调制信号可以通过多个传播路径到达接收机单元。由于多种因素,例如衰落和多径,传播路径的特性典型地随时间而改变。为了提供防止有害路径效应的分集和改进性能,可以使用多个发送和接收天线。如果发送和接收天线间的传播路径是线性无关的(例如,在一条路径上的传输并不是作为在其它路径上的传输的线性组合而形成的),那么正确接收数据传输的可能性随着天线数量的增加而增加。通常,随着发送和接收天线的数目的增加,分集增加且性能得到改进。
MIMO系统为数据传输采用多个(NT)发射天线和多个(NR)接收天线。由NT个发射天线和NR个接收天线形成的MIMO信道可以被分 解成NS个空间信道,其中NS≤min{NT,NR}。NS个空间信道中的每一个对应一个维。如果利用多个发送和接收天线建立的附加维数,MIMO系统可以提供改进的性能(例如,增加的传输容量和/或更强的可靠性)。
在转让给本发明的受让人的前述美国专利申请序号10/693419中描述了一种示例性的MIMO WLAN系统。这样的MIMO WLAN系统可以用来提供各种类型的服务和支持各种类型的应用,以及达到高级别的系统性能。在各种实施例中,可以采用MIMO和正交频分复用(OFDM)来获得高吞吐量、防止有害路径效应、并提供其它益处。该系统中的每一接入点可以用来支持多个用户终端。下行链路和上行链路资源的分配可以由用户终端的需求、信道状况和其它因素来决定。
在一个实施例中,如前述美国申请中公开的WLAN系统采用设计能够支持高效下行链路和上行链路传输的信道结构。这样的信道结构可以包括可以用于各种功能的多个传输信道,所述功能例如系统参数和资源分配的信令、下行链路和上行链路数据传输、系统的随机接入等等。这些传输信道的各种属性都可以配置,这使得系统易于适应于改变的信道和负载状况。这些传输信道中的一个,被称为前向控制信道(FCCH),可以由接入点使用以便在下行链路和上行链路上分配资源(例如,信道分配)。FCCH也可以用于提供对另一传输信道上收到消息的确认。
如前述美国专利申请所公开的,在一个实施例中,FCCH可以以不同的数据率被发送或工作(例如,4个不同的数据率)。例如,所述不同的数据率可以包括0.25bps/Hz、0.5bps/Hz、1bps/Hz、和2bps/Hz。然而,在这样的配置中,FCCH上采用的速率是由系统中最差情况的用户(即以最低数据率工作的用户)决定的。该方案效率很低,因为即使系统中的其他用户可以以更高速率工作,但是不能以更高速率工作的单个用户就可能会降低FCCH的效率和利用。
因此,本领域中需要一种提供能够适应以不同数据率工作的不同用户的更高效的控制信道结构的方法和装置。
发明内容
本发明的各方面和实施例将在随后进行详细的描述。按照本发明的一个方面,提供了一种方法,其中把用来发送控制信息的控制信道分成多个子信道,每一个子信道以特定数据率工作。对于一个或更多用户终端中的每一个,基于一个或更多选择标准来选择一个子信道以用于把控制信息从接入点传送到相应的用户终端。在为用户终端选择的特定子信道上,把控制信息从接入点发送到相应的用户终端。在用户终端,对一个或更多子信道进行解码来获得为该用户终端指定的控制信息。
附图说明
可以从结合下列附图进行的详述中理解本发明的各个特征和方面,在附图中:
图1示出实现了本发明的启示的MIMO WLAN系统的框图;
图2示出MIMO WLAN系统的层结构;
图3是说明接入点和用户终端的各部件的框图;
图4A、4B和4C分别示出TDD-TDM帧结构、FDD-TDM帧结构和FDD-CDM帧结构;
图5示出TDD-TDM帧结构,其具有5个传输信道-BCH、FCCH、FCH、RCH和RACH;
图6A和6B说明了对于各种传输信道的各种PDU格式;
图7示出按照本发明一个实施例的新的FCCH结构;
图8示出按照本发明一个实施例的方法的流程图;
图9示出按照本发明一个实施例的解码处理的流程图。
具体实施方式
这里所使用的词语“示例性”指“用作例子、实例、或例证”。这里描述为“示例性”的任何实施例不必被解释为相对于其它实施例或设计是优选的或有利的。
图1示出实现了本发明的启示的MIMO WLAN系统100的框图。 如图1所示,MIMO WLAN系统100包括支持多个用户终端(UT)120的通信的多个接入点(AP)110。为了更简明,图1中只示出了两个接入点110。接入点在这里也可以被称为基站、接入控制器或通信控制器。
用户终端120可以散布在整个系统。每一用户终端可以是能够与接入点进行通信的固定的或移动的终端。用户终端在这里也可以被称为移动台、远程站、接入终端、用户设备(UE)、无线设备或其它术语。每一用户终端可以在下行链路和/或上行链路上在任意给定时刻与一个或可能的多个的接入点进行通信。所述下行链路(也叫做前向链路)指的是从接入点到用户终端的传输,而上行链路(也叫做反向链路)指的是从用户终端到接入点的传输。
在图1中,接入点110与用户终端120a至120f进行通信,接入点110b与用户终端120f至120k进行通信。依靠系统100的特定设计,一个接入点可以与多个用户终端同时(例如,通过多个编码信道或子带)或依次(例如通过多个时隙)进行通信。在任何给定时刻,用户终端可以接收来自一个或多个接入点的下行链路传输。来自每一接入点的下行链路传输包括将由多个用户终端接收的开销数据、将由特定用户终端接收的特定用户数据、其它数据类型、或它们的任何组合。所述开销数据可以包括导频、寻呼(page)和广播消息、系统参数、等等。
在一个实施例中,MIMO WLAN系统是基于集中控制器网络体系结构的。因此,系统控制器130耦合到接入点110并可以进一步耦合到其它系统和网络。例如,系统控制器130可以耦合到分组数据网(PDN)、有线局域网(LAN)、广域网(WAN)、因特网、公共交换电话网(PSTN)、蜂窝通信网等等。系统控制器130可以被设计执行多个功能,例如(1)协调和控制耦合到该系统控器的接入点,(2)在这些接入点间路由数据,(3)接入和控制与这些接入点所服务的用户终端的通信等等。如图1所示的MIMO WLAN系统可以在各种频带(例如,2.4GHz和5.x GHz U-NII频带)中工作,受到专门针对于所选定的工作频带的带宽和发射约束。
在一个实施例中,每一接入点可以配备有多个发送和接收天线(例如4个发送和接收天线)用于数据发送和接收。每一用户终端可以配备有单个发送/接收天线或多个发送/接收天线用于数据发送和接收。每一用户终端类型采用的天线的数量取决于各种因素,例如,用户终端支持的服务(例如语音、数据、或两者)、成本的考虑、规章限制、安全问题等等。
对于给定的成对的多天线接入点和多天线用户终端,MIMO信道由可用于数据传输的NT个发射天线和NR个接收天线形成。在接入点和不同的多天线用户终端之间形成不同的MIMO信道。每一MIMO信道可以被分解成NT个空间信道,其中NS≤min{NT,NR}。NS个数据流可以在NT个空间信道上发送。为了在NS个空间信道上发送多个数据流,需要在接收机上进行空间处理而可以或可以不在发射机上执行该空间处理。
NS个空间信道可以是也可以不是彼此正交。这取决于各种因素,例如(1)是否在发射机上执行空间处理来获得正交空间信道和(2)在使空间信道正交时是否在发射机和接收机上都成功地进行了空间处理。如果在发射机上没有执行空间处理,那么NS个空间信道可以用NS个发射天线形成,并且未必是彼此正交。
如前述美国专利申请所描述的,可以通过对MIMO信道的信道响应矩阵执行分解来使NS个空间信道正交。对于在接入点上给定的天线数量(例如4个),可用于每一用户终端的空间信道的数量取决于该用户终端所采用的天线数量和耦合了接入点天线与用户终端天线的无线MIMO信道的特性。如果用户终端配备有一个天线,那么在接入点上的4个天线和用户终端上的1个天线形成针对下行链路的多输入单输出(MISO)信道和针对上行链路的单输入多输出(SIMO)信道。
如图1所示的MIMO WLAN可以被设计和配置为支持各种传输模式,如下面表1所示。
表1
传输模式 | 描述 |
SIMO | 对于接收分集,数据从一个天线发送,但可以由多个天线接收 |
分集 | 从多个发射天线和/或多个子带冗余地发送数据来提供分集 |
波束导向 (beam-steering) | 对于MIMO信道的基本本征模式,利用相位导向信息以全部功率在单个(最佳)空间信道上发送数据 |
空间复用 | 在多个空间信道上发送数据以达到更高的频谱效率 |
适用于每一用户终端的下行链路和上行链路的传输模式取决于用户终端所采用的天线的数量。表2列出了针对下行链路和上行链路适用于不同终端类型的传输模式,假定在接入点上有多个(例如4个)天线。
表2
传输模式 | 下行链路 | 上行链路 | ||
单天线 用户终端 | 多天线 用户终端 | 单天线 用户终端 | 多天线 用户终端 | |
MISO(在下行链路)/SIMO(在上行链路) | X | X | X | X |
分集 | X | X | X | |
波束导向 | X | X | X | |
空间复用 | X | X |
在一个实施例中,MIMO WLAN系统采用OFDM来把整个系统带宽有效地划分为多个(NF)正交子带。这些子带可以被称为音调(tone)、仓(bin)或频道。利用OFDM,每一子带与各自的可以用数据调制的子载波相关联。对于利用OFDM的MIMO系统,每一子带的每一空间信道可以被视为一个独立传输信道,其中与每一子带相关联的复增益在该子带带宽上有效地保持为常量。
在一个实施例中,系统带宽可以划分为64个正交子带(即NF=64),分配标号-32到+31。在这64个子带中,48个子带(例如具有标号±{1....,6,8....,20,22....,26})可以用于数据,4个子带(例如具有标号±{7,21})可以用于导频和信令,不使用DC子带(具有标号0),其余子带也未使用并且作为保护子带。在IEEE标准802.11a和现有公开的1999年9月的题目为“Part11:Wireless LAN Medium AccessControl(MAC)and Physical Layer(PHY)Specifications:High-speedPhysical Layer in the 5GHz Band (第11部分:无线LAN媒体接入控制(MAC)和物理层(PHY)规范:5 GHz频带中的高速物理层)”的文献中进一步地详细描述了该OFDM子带结构。在其它实施例中,不同子带的数量和各种其它OFDM子带结构也可以被实现用于MIMOWLAN系统。例如,所有具有从-26到+26的标号的53个子带可以用于数据传输。作为另一个例子,128子带结构、256子带结构或具有其它数量子带的子带结构都可以使用。
对于OFDM,首先利用选定用于每一子带的特定调制方案对要在该子带上发送的数据进行调制。对于未使用子带,提供零值。对于每一符号周期,利用快速傅里叶逆变换(IFFT)将针对所有NF个子带的调制符号和零值都变换到时域,从而获得变换后的包含NF个时域采样的符号。每一变换符号的持续时间反向相关于每一子带的带宽。在该MIMO WLAN系统的一个特定设计中,系统带宽是20 MHz,NF =64,每一子带的带宽是312.5KHz,且每一变换符号的持续时间是3.2μsec。
OFDM可以提供某些优点,例如防止频率选择性衰落的能力,其特征在于在整个系统带宽的不同频率上的不同信道增益。众所周知频率选择性衰落导致符号间干扰,这是由于接收信号中每一符号充当对于接收信号中随后的符号的失真而引起的现象。ISI失真通过影响正确检测接收到的符号的能力而降低了性能。可以用OFDM通过重复每一变换的信号的一部分(或附加一个循环前缀到每一变换的信号)来形成相应的OFDM符号并发送,来方便地防止频率选择性衰落。
对于每一OFDM符号,所述循环前缀的长度(即重复的数量)取决 于无线信道的延迟扩展。尤其是,为了有效防止ISI,循环前缀应当长于系统的最大预期延迟扩展。
在一个实施例中,取决于期望的延迟扩展,不同长度的循环前缀可以用于OFDM符号。对于上述MIMO WLAN系统,可以选择400nsec(8个采样)或800 nsec(16个采样)的循环前缀用于OFDM符号。一个“短”OFDM符号使用400nsec循环前缀并具有3.6μsec的持续时间。一个“长”OFDM符号使用800nsec循环前缀并具有4.0μsec的持续时间。如果最大预期延迟扩展是400 nsec或更少则可以使用短OFDM符号,如果延迟扩展大于400nsec则可以使用长OFDM符号。可以选择不同循环前缀用于不同的传输信道,也可以动态选择循环前缀,如下面所述。在可能的情况下利用更短的循环前缀可以达到更高的系统吞吐量,这是因为可以在给定的固定时间间隔上发送具有更短持续时间的更多个OFDM符号。
图2说明了一个可用于MIMO WLAN系统的层结构200。如图2所示,在一个实施例中,层结构200包括(1)大约对应于ISO/OSI参考模型的第3层和更高层(上层)的应用层和上层协议,(2)对应于第2层(链路层)的协议和服务,和(3)对应于第1层(物理层)的协议和服务。
上层包括各种应用和协议,例如信令服务212、数据服务214、语音服务216、电路数据应用等等。信令典型地作为消息来提供,而数据典型地作为分组来提供。在上层的服务和应用按照接入点与用户终端间通信协议的语义和定时来发起和终止消息和分组。所述上层利用第2层提供的服务。
第2层支持上层生成的消息和分组的传送。在图2所示的实施例中,第2层包括链路接入控制(LAC)子层220和媒体接入控制(MAC)子层230。LAC子层执行数据链路协议,该协议为正确地传输和传送上层生成的消息作准备。LAC子层利用MAC子层和第1层提供的服务。MAC子层负责利用第1层提供的服务来传输消息和分组。MAC子层控制上层的应用和服务对第1层资源的访问。MAC子层可以包括无线链路协议(RLP)232,该RLP是一种可以用来为分组数据提供更高可靠性的重发机制。第2层为第1层提供协议数据单元(PDU)。
第1层包括物理层240并支持接入点与用户终端间无线电信号的发送和接收。物理层对各种用于发送上层生成的消息和分组的传输信道执行编码、交织、调制和空间处理。在该实施例中,物理层包括复用子层242,该复用子层把用于各种传输信道的处理过的PDU复用为适当的帧格式。第1层以帧为单位提供数据。
本领域技术人员可以理解,各种其它适当的层结构也可以被设计并用于MIMO WLAN系统。
图3示出MIMO WLAN系统中一个接入点110x与两个用户终端120x和120y的一个实施例的框图。
在下行链路上,在接入点110x,发送(TX)数据处理器310接收来自数据源308的业务数据(例如信息比特),和接收来自控制器330和可能的调度器334的信令和其它信息。这些各种类型的数据可以在下面详述的不同传输信道上发送。TX数据处理器310使数据“成帧”(如果有必要),对成帧/未成帧的数据进行加扰,对加扰的数据进行编码,对编码的数据进行交织(即重排),将交织的数据映射为调制符号。为了简明,“数据符号”指的是针对业务数据的调制符号,而“导频符号”指的是针对导频的调制符号。加扰过程使数据比特随机排列。编码过程增加了数据传输的可靠性。交织过程提供了编码比特的时间、频率和/或空间差异。所述加扰、编码和调制过程可以基于控制器330提供的控制信号来执行。TX数据处理器310为每一个用于数据传输的空间信道提供调制符号流。
TX空间处理器320接收来自TX数据处理器310的一个或更多调制符号流,并对调制符号执行空间处理来提供4个发送符号流,针对每一发射天线有一个符号流。
每一调制器(MOD)322接收并处理各自的发送符号流以提供相应的OFDM符号流。进一步处理每一OFDM符号流来提供相应的下行链路调制信号。然后分别从4个天线324a到324d发送来自调制器322a到322d的4个下行链路调制信号。
在每一用户终端120,一个或多个天线352接收发送的下行链路调制信号,并且每一接收天线提供接收的信号到各自的解调器(DEMOD)354。每一解调器354执行与调制器322相反的处理并提供接收的符号。然后接收(RX)空间处理器360对来自所有解调器354的接收的符号执行空间处理来提供恢复的符号,所述恢复的符号是对接入点发送的调制符号的估计。
RX数据处理器370接收恢复的符号并将其解复用到其各自的传输信道。对于每一传输信道的恢复的信号可以被符号解映射、解交织、解码和解扰来提供针对该传输信道的解码的数据。对于每一传输信道的解码的数据可以包括恢复的分组数据、消息、信令等等,它们被提供到数据宿372以进行存储和/或提供到控制器380以进行进一步的处理。
对于下行链路,在每一活跃用户终端120,RX空间处理器360还对下行链路进行估计来获得信道状态信息(CSI)。CSI可以包括信道响应估计、接收的SNR等等。RX数据处理器370也可以提供在下行链路上接收到的每一分组/帧的状态。控制器380接收信道状态信息和分组/帧状态,并确定将发回接入点的反馈信息。所述反馈信息由TX数据处理器390和TX空间处理器392(如果存在的话)进行处理,由一个或更多调制器354进行调节,并通过一个或更多天线352发送回接入点。
在接入点110,由天线324接收(多个)发送的上行链路信号,由解调器322进行解调,并由RX空间处理器340和RX数据处理器342以与用户终端相反的方式进行处理。然后把恢复的反馈信息提供到控制器330和调度器334。
在一个实施例中,调度器334利用反馈信息执行多个功能,例如(1)为下行链路和上行链路上的数据传输选择一个用户终端集合,(2)为每一选定的用户终端选择(多个)传输速率和传输模式,和(3)为选定的终端分配可用FCH/RCH资源。调度器334和/或控制器330还利用从上行链路传输中获得的信息(例如导向向量)来处理下行链路传输。
如上所述,该MIMO WLAN系统可以支持多项服务和应用,并且可以为该MIMO WLAN系统定义各种传输信道以用于携带各种类型的数据。表3列举了一个示例性的传输信道集合并且也为每一传输 信道提供了简要的描述。
表3
传输 | 信道 | 描述 |
广播信道 | BCH | 接入点用其发送导频和系统参数到用户终端。 |
前向控制信道 | FCCH | 接入点用其分配下行链路和上行链路上的资源。资源分配可以逐帧地执行。也可以用于提供对在RACH收到的消息的确认。 |
前向信道 | FCH | 接入点用其发送特定用户数据到用户终端,以及可能地发送用户终端用于信道估计的参考(导频)。也可以用于广播模式来发送寻呼和广播消息到多个用户终端。 |
随机接入信道 | RACH | 用户终端用其获得到系统的接入,并发送短消息到接入点。 |
反向信道 | RCH | 用户终端用其发送数据到接入点。也可以携带接入点用于信道估计的参考。 |
如表3所示,接入点使用的下行链路传输信道包括BCH、FCCH和FCH。用户终端使用的上行链路传输信道包括RACH和RCH。本领域技术人员可以认识到,表3中列举的传输信道只表示可以用于MIMO WLAN系统的信道结构的一个示例性的实施例。更少数的、另外的、和/或不同传输信道也可以被定义用于MIMO WLAN系统。例如某些功能可以由特定功能的传输信道来支持(例如,导频、寻呼、功率控制、和信道同步信道)。因此,在本发明的范围内,也可以定义具有不同的传输信道集合的其它信道结构并用于MIMO WLAN系统。
可以为传输信道定义许多帧结构。用于MIMO WLAN系统的特定帧结构取决于各种因素,例如(1)是否是相同或不同频带用于下行 链路和上行链路,以及(2)用于把传输信道复用到一起的复用方案。
如果只有一个频带可用,则下行链路和上行链路可以使用时分双工(TDD)在一帧的不同阶段上传输。如果两个频带可用,则下行链路和上行链路可以使用频分双工(FDD)在不同频带上传输。
对于TDD和FDD,把传输信道复用到一起时可以利用时分复用(TDM)、码分复用(CDM)、频分复用(FDM)等等。对于TDM,每一传输信道被分配到一个帧的不同部分。对于CDM,传输信道被同时发送,但是每一传输信道由不同的信道化编码实现信道化,类似于在码分多址(CDMA)系统中所执行的处理。对于FDM,每一传输信道被分配到链路的频带的不同部分。
表4列举了可用于携带传输信道的各种帧结构。随后进一步详细描述这些帧结构中的每一个。
表4
下行链路和上行链路共享的频带 | 下行链路和上行链路分开的频带 | |
时分 | TDD-TDM帧结构 | FDD-TDM帧结构 |
码分 | TDD-CDM帧结构 | FDD-CDM帧结构 |
图4A说明了TDD-TDM帧结构400a的一个实施例,如果下行链路和上行链路使用单个频带时可以使用该帧结构。数据传输以TDD帧为单位发生。可以定义每一TDD帧来跨越特定持续时间。所述帧持续时间可以基于各种因素来选定,例如(1)工作频带的带宽,(2)传输信道的PDU的预期大小,等等。通常,较短的帧持续时间可以提供减小的延迟。然而,较长的帧持续时间可以更加高效,这是因为报头和开销可以代表该帧的较少一部分。在一个实施例中,每一TDD帧具有2msec的持续时间。
如图4A所示,每一TDD帧可以分成下行链路阶段和上行链路阶段。针对三个下行链路传输信道BCH、FCCH和FCH,下行链路阶段被进一步分成三段。针对两个上行链路信道RCH和RACH,上行链路阶段被进一步分为两段。
对于每一传输信道的段可以被定义为具有固定持续时间或可变持续时间,所述可变持续时间可以随帧不同而改变。在一个实施例中,BCH段被定义为具有固定持续时间,而FCCH、FCH、RCH和RACH段被定义为具有可变持续时间。
对于每一传输信道的段可以用来携带针对该传输信道的一个或更多协议数据单元(PDU)。在图4A所示的实施例中,在下行链路阶段,在第一段410中发送BCH PDU,在第二段420中发送FCCH PDU,在第三段430中发送一个或更多FCH PDU。在该TDD帧的上行链路阶段,在第四段440中发送一个或更多RCH PDU,在第五段中发送一个或更多RACH PDU。
帧结构440a代表了TDD帧中各种传输信道的一种方案。该方案可以提供某些益处,例如减少了下行链路和上行链路上的数据传输延迟。首先,在TDD帧中发送BCH,这是因为它携带了可以用于同一TDD帧中其它传输信道的PDU的系统参数。然后,发送FCCH,这是因为它携带了资源分配(例如信道分配)信息,该信息表示在当前TDD帧中哪个(哪些)用户终端被指定来在FCH上接收下行链路数据和哪个(哪些)用户终端被指定来在RCH上发送上行链路数据。其它TDD-TDM帧结构也可以被定义并用于MIMO WLAN系统。
图4B说明了FDD-TDM帧结构400b的一个实施例,如果利用两个分开的频带来发送下行链路和上行链路则可以使用该帧结构。下行链路数据在下行链路帧402a中发送,而上行链路数据在上行链路帧402b中发送。每一下行链路和上行链路帧可以被定义为跨越一个特定持续时间(例如2msec)。为了简明,下行链路和上行链路帧可以被定义为具有相同的持续时间,并且可以进一步被定义为在帧边界处对齐。然而,不同帧持续时间和/或未对齐(即偏移)的帧边界也可以被用于下行链路和上行链路。
如图4B所示,针对三个下行链路传输信道,把下行链路帧分成三段。针对两个上行链路传输信道,把上行链路帧分成两段。对于每一传输信道的段可以被定义为具有固定或可变持续时间,并可以用于携带一个或更多针对该传输信道的PDU。
如图4B所示的实施例中,下行链路帧分别在段410、420和430中携带一个BCH PDU、一个FCCH PDU和一个或更多FCH PDU。上行链路帧分别在段440和450中携带一个或更多RCH PDU和一个或更多RACH PDU。该方案可以提供上述的益处(例如降低的数据传输延迟)。其它FDD-TDM帧结构也可以被定义并用于MIMO WLAN系统,这也在本发明的范围之内。
图4C说明了FDD-CDM/FDM帧结构400c的一个实施例,如果利用分开的频带来发送下行链路和上行链路也可以使用该帧结构。下行链路数据可以在下行链路帧404a中发送,而上行链路数据可以在上行链路帧404b中发送。下行链路和上行链路帧可以被定义为具有相同持续时间(例如2msec)并在帧边界处对齐。
如图4C所示,三个下行链路传输信道被同时在下行链路帧中发送,而两个上行链路传输信道被同时在上行链路帧中发送。对于CDM,每一链路的传输信道被用不同的信道化编码来“信道化”,所述信道化编码可以是沃尔什(Walsh)码、正交可变扩展因子(OVSF)码、准正交函数(QOF)等等。对于FDM,把每一链路的传输信道分配到该链路的频带的不同部分。不同数量的发射功率也可以被用于每一链路中的不同传输信道。
也可以为下行链路和上行链路传输信道定义其它帧结构,这也在本发明的范围之内。此外,也可能对下行链路和上行链路使用不同类型的帧结构。例如,基于TDM的帧结构可以被用于下行链路,而基于CDM的帧结构可以被用于上行链路。
在一个实施例中,如上所述的传输信道被用来发送各种类型的数据,并可以被分类成两组:公共传输信道和专用传输信道。
在一个实施例中,公共传输信道可以包括BCH、FCCH和RACH。这些传输信道用于发送数据到多个用户终端或从多个用户终端接收数据。BCH 410和FCCH 420可以由接入点利用分集模式来发送。在上行链路,RACH 450可以由用户终端利用波束导向模式(如果用户终端支持的话)来发送。BCH可以以已知的固定速率来工作,这样用户终端不用任何附加信息就可以接收和处理BCH。如下面详细描述的,FCCH 支持多个速率以允许更高的效率。每一“速率”或“速率集合”可以与特定编码率(或编码方案)和特定调制方案相关联。
在一个实施例中,专用传输信道包括FCH 430和RCH 440。这些传输信道一般用于发送特定用户数据到特定用户终端,或由特定用户终端发送特定用户数据。按照需求和按照可用情况,FCH和RCH可以被动态分配给用户终端。FCH也可以被用在广播模式中来发送开销、寻呼和广播消息至用户终端。通常,在FCH上,所述开销、寻呼和广播消息在任何特定用户数据之前被发送。
图5说明了在基于TDD-TDM帧结构400a的BCH、FCCH、FCH、RCH和RACH上的一个示例性的传输。在该实施例中,一个BCH PDU5 10和一个FCCH PDU 520分别被在BCH段410和FCCH段420中发送。FCH段430可以用于发送一个或更多FCH PDU 530,其中每一个都可以被用于特定用户终端或多个用户终端。类似地,一个或更多RCH PDU 540可以由一个或更多用户终端在RCH段440中发送。每一FCH/RCH PDU的开始由从之前的段的末尾的FCH/RCH偏移来指示。多个RACH PDU 550可以由多个用户终端在RACH段450中发送,以接入系统和/或发送短消息。
在一个实施例中,接入点用BCH来发送信标导频、MIMO导频和系统参数到用户终端。用户终端利用信标导频获得系统定时和频率。用户终端用MIMO导频来对由接入点天线和其自身天线形成的MIMO信道进行估计。系统参数指定下行链路和上行链路传输的各种属性。例如,由于FCCH、FCH、RACH和RCH段的持续时间是可变的,指定了当前TDD帧的这些段中的每一个的长度的系统参数被在BCH中发送。
图6A说明了BCH PDU 510的一个实施例。在该实施例中,BCHPDU 510包括前导码(preamble)部分610和消息部分616。前导码部分610进一步包括信标导频部分612和MIMO导频部分615。部分612携带信标导频并具有固定持续时间TCP=8μsec。部分615携带MIMO导频并具有固定持续时间TMP=32μsec。部分616携带BCH消息并具有固定持续时间TBM=40μsec。前导码可以用于发送一个或更多类型 的导频和/或其它信息。信标导频包括从所有发射天线发送的特定调制符号集合。MIMO导频包括以不同的正交码从所有发射天线发送的特定调制符号集合,所述特定调制符号集合然后使得接收机能够恢复从每一天线发送的导频。不同的调制符号集合可以用于信标和MIMO导频。
在一个实施例中,BCH消息携带系统配置信息。表5列举了一个示例性的BCH消息格式的各种字段。
表5
字段/参数名称 | 长度 (比特) | 描述 |
帧计数器 | 4 | TDD帧计数器 |
网络ID | 10 | 网络标识符(ID) |
AP ID | 6 | 接入点ID |
AP Tx Lv1 | 4 | 接入点发射电平 |
AP Rx Lv1 | 3 | 接入点接收电平 |
FCCH长度 | 6 | FCCH持续时间(以OFDM符号为单位) |
FCCH速率 | 2 | FCCH的物理层速率 |
FCH长度 | 9 | FCH持续时间(以OFDM符号为单位) |
RCH长度 | 9 | RCH持续时间(以OFDM符号为单位) |
RACH长度 | 5 | RACH持续时间(以RACH时隙为单位) |
RACH时隙大小 | 2 | 每一RACH时隙的持续时间(以OFDM符号为单位) |
RACH保护间隔 | 2 | 在RACH末端的保护间隔 |
循环前缀持续时间 | 1 | 循环前缀持续时间 |
寻呼比特 | 1 | “0”=在FCH上发送寻呼消息“1”=不发送寻呼消息 |
广播比特 | 1 | “0”=在FCH上发送广播消息“1”=不发送广播消息 |
RACH确认比特 | 1 | “0”=在FCH上发送RACH确认“1”=不发送RACH确认 |
CRC | 16 | 针对BCH消息的CRC值 |
尾部比特 | 6 | 针对卷积编码器的尾部比特 |
预留 | 32 | 为将来使用而预留 |
帧计数器值可以用于在接入点和用户终端上同步各种处理(例如,导频、加扰码、覆盖码等等)。帧计数器可以由回转的4比特计数器来实现。该计数器在每一TDD帧开始时递加,并且计数器值包括在帧计数器字段中。网络ID字段表示接入点所属的网络的标识符(ID)。AP ID字段表示该网络ID中的接入点的ID。AP Tx Lv1和AP RxLv1字段分别表示在接入点的最大发射功率电平和预期接收功率电平。预期的接收功率电平可以由用户终端用来确定初始上行链路发射功率。
FCCH长度、FCH长度和RCH长度字段分别表示当前TDD帧的FCCH、FCH和RCH段的长度。在一个实施例中,这些段的长度以OFDM符号为单位给出。BCH的OFDM符号持续时间可以被固定在4.0μsec。对于所有其它传输信道(例如,FCCH、FCH、RACH和RCH)的OFDM符号持续时间是可变的,并取决于选定的循环前缀,该循环嵌缀由循环前缀持续时间字段指定。FCCH速率字段表示用于当前TDD帧的FCCH的速率。
RACH长度字段表示RACH段的长度,这是以RACH时隙为单位给出的。每一RACH时隙的持续时间由RACH时隙大小字段给出,这是以OFDM符号为单位给出的。RACH保护间隔字段表示最后的RACH时隙与下一TDD帧的BCH段的开始之间的时间量。
寻呼比特和广播比特表示寻呼消息和广播消息是否正分别被在当前TDD帧中的FCH上发送。这两个比特可以独立地为每一TDD帧设置。RACH确认比特表示是否正在当前TDD帧中的FCCH上发送对于在先前TDD帧中的RACH上发送的PDU的确认。
CRC字段包括整个BCH消息的CRC值。用户终端可以使用该 CRC值来确定接收的BCH消息是被正确解码还是错误解码。尾部比特字段包括一组零值,用于在BCH消息末尾把卷积编码器复位到一个已知状态。
如表5所示,BCH消息包括总共120个比特。这120个比特可以用10个OFDM符号来发送。表5示出了BCH消息格式的一个实施例。也可以定义和使用具有较少的、附加的和/或不同的字段的其它BCH消息格式,这都在本发明的范围之内。
在一个实施例中,接入点可以在每一帧的基础上为FCH和RCH分配资源。接入点利用FCCH来传送对FCH和RCH的资源分配信息(例如,信道分配)。
图6B说明了FCCH PDU 520的一个实施例。在该实施例中,FCCHPDU仅包括对于FCCH消息的一个部分620。FCCH消息具有随帧而改变的可变持续时间,它取决于该帧的FCCH上携带的调度信息的数量。FCCH消息持续时间是偶数个OFDM符号,并由BCH消息上的FCCH长度字段给出。利用分集模式发送的消息(例如BCH和FCCH消息)的持续时间以偶数个OFDM符号给出,这是因为分集模式以成对方式发送OFDM符号。
在一个实施例中,可以利用四种可能的速率来发送FCCH。用于每一TDD帧中FCCH PDU的特定速率由BCH消息中的FCCH Phy模式字段表示。每一FCCH速率对应于特定编码率和特定调制方案,并进一步与一种特定的传输模式相关联。
FCCH消息可以包括零个、一个、或多个信息元素(IE)。每一信息元素可以与特定用户终端相关联,并可以被用来提供指示为该用户终端分配FCH/RCH资源的信息。表6列出了一个示例性的FCCH消息格式的各种字段。
表6-FCCH消息
N_IE个信息元素,每一个包括:
IE类型 | 4 | IE类型 |
MAC ID | 10 | 分配给用户终端的ID |
控制字段 | 48或72 | 用于信道分配的控制字段 |
填充比特 | 可变 | 在FCCH消息中填充比特来达到偶数个OFDM符号 |
CRC | 16 | FCCH消息的CRC值 |
尾部比特 | 6 | 卷积编码器的尾部比特 |
N_IE字段表示包括在当前TDD帧中发送的FCCH消息中的信息元素的数量。对于包括在FCCH消息中的每一信息元素(IE),IE类型字段表示该IE的特定类型。定义各种IE类型用来给不同类型的传输分配资源,如下所述。
MAC ID字段表示信息元素所指的特定用户终端。每一用户终端在通信会话起始时向接入点注册,并由接入点分配唯一的MAC ID。该MAC ID用于在会话期间标识该用户终端。
控制字段用于传送对于用户终端的信道分配信息,随后将详细描述。填充比特字段包括足够数量的填充比特,使得FCCH消息的总长度是偶数个OFDM符号。FCCH CRC字段包括CRC值,用户终端可以利用其来确定接收的FCCH消息是被正确解码还是错误解码。尾部比特字段包括零值,用于在FCCH消息末端把卷积编码器复位到一个已知状态。下面还将对这些字段中的一些进行详细说明。
如表1所表示的,对于FCH和RCH,MIMO WLAN系统支持许多传输模式。此外,在连接期间用户终端可以是活动的或空闲的。因此,为用户定义了许多类型的IE来为不同类型的传输分配FCH/RCH资源。表7列出了一个示例性的IE类型集合。
表7-FCCH IE类型
IE 类型 | IE大小 (比特) | IE类型 | 描述 |
0 | 48 | 分集模式 | 仅是分集模式 |
1 | 72 | 空间复用模式 | 空间复用模式-可变速率服务 |
2 | 48 | 空闲模式 | 空闲状态-可变速率服务 |
3 | 48 | RACH确认 | RACH确认-分集模式 |
4 | 波束导向模式 | 波束导向模式 | |
5-15 | 预留 | 为将来使用而预留 |
对于IE类型0、1和4,对于FCH和RCH(即成信道对地),资源被分配给特定用户终端。对于IE类型2,在FCH和RCH上把最小资源分配给用户终端,来维持最新的链路估计。下面描述每一IE类型的示例性的格式。通常,FCH和RCH的速率和持续时间可以独立地被分配给用户终端。
用IE类型0和4来分别为分集和波束导向模式分配FCH/RCH资源。对于固定低速率服务(如语音),呼叫的持续时间中速率保持固定。对于可变速率服务,可以为FCH和RCH独立地选择速率。FCCHIE表示分配给用户终端的FCH和RCH PDU的位置。表8列出了示例性的IE类型0和4信息元素的各种字段。
表8-FCCH IE类型0和4
字段/参数名称 | 长度 (比特) | 描述 |
IE类型 | 4 | IE类型 |
MAC ID | 10 | 分配给用户终端的临时ID |
FCH偏移 | 9 | 从TDD帧的起始处开始的FCH偏移(以OFDM符号为单位) |
FCH前导码类型 | 2 | FCH前导码大小(以OFDM符号为单位) |
FCH速率 | 4 | FCH的速率 |
RCH偏移 | 9 | 从TDD帧的起始处开始的RCH偏移(以OFDM符号为单位) |
RCH前导码类型 | 2 | RCH前导码大小(以OFDM符号为单位) |
RCH速率 | 4 | RCH的速率 |
RCH定时调节 | 2 | RCH的定时调节参数 |
RCH功率控制 | 2 | RCH的功率控制比特 |
FCH和RCH偏移字段分别表示从当前TDD帧的起始处到FCH和RCH PDU的开始的时间偏移,其由信息元素指定。FCH和RCH速率字段分别表示FCH和RCH的速率。
FCH和RCH前导码类型字段分别表示在FCH和RCH PDU中前导码的大小。表9列出了FCH和RCH前导码类型字段的值和相应的前导码大小。
表9-前导码类型
类型 | 比特 | 前导码大小 |
0 | 00 | 0个OFDM符号 |
1 | 01 | 1个OFDM符号 |
2 | 10 | 4个OFDM符号 |
3 | 11 | 8个OFDM符号 |
RCH定时调节字段包括两个比特,用于调节来自由MAC ID字段标识的用户终端的上行链路传输的定时。该定时调节被用来减少基于TDD的帧结构中的干扰,在所述基于TDD的帧结构中下行链路和上行链路传输是时分双工的。表10列出了RCH定时调节字段的值和相应的动作。
表10-RCH定时调节
比特 | 描述 |
00 | 维持当前定时 |
01 | 把上行链路传输定时提前1个采样 |
10 | 把上行链路传输定时延迟1个采样 |
11 | 未使用 |
RCH功率控制字段包括两个比特,用于判断来自已标识的用户终端的上行链路传输的发射功率。所述功率控制被用于减少上行链路 上的干扰。表11列出了RCH功率控制字段的值和相应的动作。
表11-RCH功率控制
比特 | 描述 |
00 | 维持当前发射功率 |
01 | 把上行链路发射功率增加δdB,其中δ是一个系统参数 |
10 | 把上行链路发射功率减少δdB,其中δ是一个系统参数 |
11 | 未使用 |
已标识的用户终端的信道分配可以用各种方式来提供。在一个实施例中,给用户终端分配FCH/RCH资源只针对当前TDD帧。在另一个实施例中。给用户终端分配FCH/RCH资源针对每一TDD帧,直到取消为止。在另一实施例中,给用户终端分配分配FCH/RCH资源针对每第n个TDD帧,这被称为TDD帧的“抽取式”调度。不同类型的分配可以用FCCH信息元素中的分配类型字段来指示。
IE类型1用于给使用空间复用模式的用户终端分配FCH/RCH资源。用于这些用户终端的速率是可变的,并且可以为FCH和RCH独立地选择。表12列出了示例性的IE类型1信息元素的各种字段。
表12-FCCH IE类型1
字段/参数名称 | 长度 (比特) | 描述 |
IE类型 | 4 | IE类型 |
MAC ID | 10 | 分配给用户终端的临时ID |
FCH偏移 | 9 | 从FCCH的末端开始的FCH偏移(以OFDM符号为单位) |
FCH前导码类型 | 2 | FCH前导码大小(以OFDM符号为单位) |
FCH空间信道1速率 | 4 | 空间信道1的FCH的速率 |
FCH空间信道2速率 | 4 | 空间信道2的FCH的速率 |
FCH空间信道3速率 | 4 | 空间信道3的FCH的速率 |
FCH空间信道4速率 | 4 | 空间信道4的FCH的速率 |
RCH偏移 | 9 | 从FCH的末端开始的RCH偏移(以OFDM符号为单位) |
RCH前导码类型 | 2 | RCH前导码大小(以OFDM符号为单位) |
RCH空间信道1速率 | 4 | 空间信道1的RCH的速率 |
RCH空间信道1速率 | 4 | 空间信道2的RCH的速率 |
RCH空间信道1速率 | 4 | 空间信道3的RCH的速率 |
RCH空间信道1速率 | 4 | 空间信道4的RCH的速率 |
RCH定时调节 | 2 | RCH的定时调节参数 |
预留 | 2 | 为将来使用而预留 |
对于IE类型1,可以在FCH和RCH上独立地选择每一空间信道的速率。空间复用模式的速率的解释一般是它指定每一空间信道的速率(例如,对于表12所示的实施例多达四个空间信道)。如果发射机执行空间处理以在本征模式上发送数据,那么对于每一本征模式都给出速率。如果发射机简单地从发射天线发送数据并且接收机执行空间处理来分隔和恢复数据(对于非导向空间复用模式),那么对于每一个天线都给出速率。
所述信息元素包括所有启用的空间信道的速率和未启用的空间信道的零值。具有少于四个发射天线的用户终端设置把未使用的FCH/RCH空间信道速率字段设为零。因为接入点配备了四个发射/接收天线,所以具有多于四个发射天线的用户终端可以用它们来发送多达四个独立数据流。
IE类型2用于为工作在空闲状态的用户终端提供控制信息。在一个实施例中,当用户终端处于空闲状态时,接入点和用户终端用于空间处理的导向向量被连续地更新,这样数据传输当重新开始时可以被快速启动。表13列出了示例性的IE类型2信息元素的各种字段。
表13-FCCH IE类型2
字段/参数名称 | 长度 (比特) | 描述 |
IE类型 | 4 | IE类型 |
MAC ID | 10 | 分配给用户终端的临时ID |
FCH偏移 | 9 | 从FCCH的末端开始的FCH偏移(以OFDM符号为单位) |
FCH前导码类型 | 2 | FCH前导码大小(以OFDM符号为单位) |
RCH偏移 | 9 | 从FCH的末端开始的RCH偏移(以OFDM符号为单位) |
RCH前导码类型 | 2 | RCH前导码大小(以OFDM符号为单位) |
预留 | 12 | 为将来使用而预留 |
IE类型3用来给试图通过RACH接入系统的用户终端提供快速确认。为了获得接入到系统或发送短消息到接入点,用户终端可以在上行链路上发送RACH PDU。用户终端发送RACH PDU之后,它监视BCH以确定RACH确认比特是否设置。如果任何用户终端已经成功地接入系统并且在FCCH上正在为至少一个用户终端发送确认,则接入点设置该比特。如果该比特被设置,则用户终端对FCCH进行处理以找到在该FCCH上发送的确认。如果接入点希望确认正确地对来自用户终端的RACH PDU进行了解码而不分配资源,则发送IE类型3信息元素。表14列出了示例性的IE类型3信息元素的各种字段。
表14-FCCH IE类型3
字段/参数名称 | 长度 (比特) | 描述 |
IE类型 | 4 | IE类型 |
MAC ID | 10 | 分配给用户终端的临时ID |
预留 | 34 | 为将来使用而预留 |
可以定义单个或多个类型的确认并在FCCH上发送。例如,可以定义一个快速确认和一个基于分配的确认。快速确认可以用来简单地确认接入点已经收到RACH PDU、但是还没有分配FCH/RCH资源给用户终端。基于分配的确认包括针对当前TDD帧的FCH和/或RCH的分配。
传输信道可以支持许多不同速率。每一速率与特定编码率和特定调制方案相关联,所述特定编码率和特定调制方案共同导致特定频谱效率(或数据率)。表15列出了系统支持的各种速率。
表15
速率 字 | 频谱 效率 (bps/Hz) | 编码率 | 调制 方案 | 信息比特/ OFDM 符号 | 编码比特/ OFDM 符号 |
0000 | 0.0 | - | off | - | - |
0001 | 0.25 | 1/4 | BPSK | 12 | 48 |
0010 | 0.5 | 1/2 | BPSK | 24 | 48 |
0011 | 1.0 | 1/2 | QPSK | 48 | 96 |
0100 | 1.5 | 3/4 | QPSK | 72 | 96 |
0101 | 2.0 | 1/2 | 16 QAM | 96 | 192 |
0110 | 2.5 | 5/8 | 16 QAM | 120 | 192 |
0111 | 3.0 | 3/4 | 16 QAM | 144 | 192 |
1000 | 3.5 | 7/12 | 64 QAM | 168 | 288 |
1001 | 4.0 | 2/3 | 64 QAM | 192 | 288 |
1010 | 4.5 | 3/4 | 64 QAM | 216 | 288 |
1011 | 5.0 | 5/6 | 64 QAM | 240 | 288 |
1100 | 5.5 | 11/16 | 256 QAM | 264 | 384 |
1101 | 6.0 | 3/4 | 256 QAM | 288 | 384 |
1110 | 6.5 | 13/16 | 256 QAM | 312 | 384 |
1111 | 7.0 | 7/8 | 256 QAM | 336 | 384 |
尽管如上所述的FCCH信道结构可以以不同数据率工作,但是该结构可能不是有效率的,这是因为FCCH上采用的速率受到系统中最差状况用户(例如以最低数据率工作的用户)的控制和限制。例如,如果某个用户只能以0.25bps/Hz的低数据率接收和解码FCCH上的信息,那么系统中的其它用户能够以较高的数据率工作,也将受到不利影响。这是因为FCCH结构上采用的速率被限制于最差状况用户的速率,即0.25bps/Hz。因此,个别用户就降低了FCCH的性能和效率。如下面更详细的描述,本发明提供了一种新颖的且更高效的FCCH信道结构,该FCCH信道结构可以用来适应以不同数据率工作的不同用户。
在一个实施例中,新的FCCH结构(在这里也被称为分层(tiered)控制信道结构或分隔(segregated)控制信道结构)包括多个控制信道(例如,4个分别的控制信道)。这些分别的控制信道(在这里也被叫做控制子信道或FCCH子信道)中的每一个可以以多个开销数据率之一工作(例如,上述的一个或四个不同的数据率)。
图7说明了按照本发明一个实施例在TDD MAC帧中的新FCCH结构的图。本领域技术人员可以理解,尽管TDD-TDM帧结构用于该例中意在说明和解释,但是本发明的启示并不仅限于TDD帧结构,而是也可以应用于各种持续时间的各种其它帧结构(例如,FDD-TDM等)。如图7所示,TDD MAC帧700被分成下行链路阶段(也叫做下行链路段)701和上行链路阶段(也叫做上行链路段)751。在该实施例中,下行链路阶段被进一步分成针对三个对应的传输信道的三个段-BCH 710、FCCH 720和FCH 730。上行链路阶段被进一步分成针对两个对应的传输信道的两个段-RCH 740和RACH 750。
如图7所示,把FCCH段分割或划分成多个分别的FCCH段或子信道,每一个都可以以特定数据率工作。在该例中,FCCH段被分成四个FCCH子信道(FCCH_0、FCCH_1、FCCH_2和FCCH-3)。在本发明的其它实施例中,FCCH段可以被分成不同数量的子信道(例如8个子信道等),这取决于本发明的特定应用或实现。在一个实施例中,每一FCCH子信道可以与特定的工作和处理参数集合(例如,编码率、调制方案、SNR等等)相关联。例如,下面的表16说明了与每一FCCH子信道相关联的编码率、调制方案、SNR等等到。在该例中,每一子信道采用STTD,在该情况下每一子信道的长度是两个OFDM符号的倍数。
表16-FCCH子信道数据率(STTD)
FCCH 子信道 | 效率 (bps/Hz) | 编码率 | 调制 | 每个STTD OFDM符号 的信息比特 | 1%误帧率 (FER)的总 SNR |
FCCH_0 | 0.25 | 0.25 | BPSK | 24 | -2.0dB |
FCCH_1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | BPSK | 48 | 2.0dB |
FCCH_2 | 1 | 0.5 | QPSK | 96 | 5.0dB |
FCCH_3 | 2 | 0.5 | 16QAM | 192 | 11.0dB |
如表16所示,每一FCCH子信道具有与其关联的分别的工作点(例如SNR和其它处理参数)。被分配了特定FCCH子信道(例如,以特定速率工作的FCCH_n)的用户终端(UT)可以正确地对所有较低速率子信道进行解码,但是不包括以较高速率工作的信道。例如,如果给特定用户终端分配子信道FCCH_2,则该用户终端可以对FCCH_0和FCCH_1子信道进行解码,这是因为FCCH_0和FCCH_1子信道以较低速率工作。然而,所述用户终端不能对FCCH_3进行解码,因为FCCH_3以较高速率工作。在一个实施例中,接入点(AP)基于各种因素或选择标准来决定由哪个FCCH子信道来发送控制数据到UT。这些各种因素或选择可以包括用户终端的链路质量信息或工作状况(例如C/I,多普勒效应(Doppler)等等)、与用户终端相关的服务质量需求、和用户终端指示的控制信道偏好等等。如下面的更详细描述,用户终端试图对每一FCCH子信道进行解码来确定它们已经被分配到资源(例如,FCH/RCH信道资源)。
表17说明了按照本发明一个实施例的各种FCCH子信道的结构。如表17所示,子信道FCCH_0的FCCH子信道结构不同于用于其它 FCCH子信道(FCCH_1、FCCH_2和FCCH_3)的结构。在一个实施例中,FCCH_0结构中的FCCH_MASK字段用于表示在特定顺序中较高速率的FCCH子信道的存在/不存在。例如,FCCH_MASK字段可以包括三个比特,每一个对应于一个特定子信道并用于以一定的顺序表示该子信道是否存在,该顺序为子信道1(MASK比特0)、子信道2(MASK比特1)、和子信道3(MASK比特2)。对应的子信道MASK比特被设置为一个特定值(例如1)来表示相应的子信道的存在。例如,如果MASK比特数0(最低有效MASK比特)被设置为“1”,这就表示FCCH_1子信道存在。提供填充比特来达到在每一子信道中有偶数个OFDM符号。在一个实施例中,每一FCCH子信道都能够提供调度信息给多个用户终端(例如32个用户)。上述IE类型可以用于FCCH子信道。
表17-FCCH子信道结构
FCCH_0 | 比特 |
FCCH MASK | 3 |
No.IE速率0 | 5 |
速率0 IE’s | |
0填充 | |
CRC | 16 |
尾部 | 6 |
FCCH_1 | 比特 |
No.IE 速率1 | 5 |
速率1 IE’s | |
0填充 | |
CRC | 16 |
尾部 | 6 |
FCCH_2 | 比特 |
No.IE速率2 | 5 |
速率2 IE’s |
0填充 | |
CRC | 16 |
尾部 | 6 |
FCCH_3 | 比特 |
No.IE速率3 | 5 |
速率3 IE’s | |
0填充 | |
CRC | 16 |
尾部 | 6 |
图8说明了按照本发明一个实施例的方法800的流程图。从块801开始之后,在块810,如上所述,把控制信道分隔或划分成多个子信道,每一个都以特定数据率工作。在块820,在如上所述基于一个或更多选择标准为用户终端选定的多个子信道中的特定子信道上,将包括资源分配信息在内的控制信息从接入点发送到用户终端。在块830,在用户终端,对所述多个子信道中的一个或更多子信道进行解码来获得为用户终端指定的控制信息(例如信道分配)。在一个实施例中,如下面更详细地说明的,由用户终端执行的解码过程从以最低数据率工作的FCCH子信道(该例中为FCCH_0)开始,并一直持续到至少满足多个条件中的一个条件为止。在块891,方法800结束。
图9示出按照本发明的一个实施例,在对新FCCH结构进行解码时,用户终端执行的解码过程900的流程图。用户终端从对子信道FCCH_0进行解码开始。在一个实施例中,如果CRC测试通过则认为解码成功。无论何时出现如下任何事件,用户终端都终止FCCH解码处理:
(i)未能成功地对FCCH子信道进行解码;
(ii)收到分配;
(iii)没有收到分配的情况下对所有活动的FCCH子信道都进行了解码。
再次参照图9,在块910,以把n初始化为0来开始该处理。在 该例中,n是可变的,用于表示正在当前处理迭代中进行解码的当前FCCH子信道。在块915,对当前FCCH_n子信道进行解码。例如在第一次迭代中,在块915对FCCH_0进行解码。在块920,确定关于当前FCCH_n子信道的CRC测试是否通过。如果CRC测试通过,则处理过程继续到块925,来确定是否存在相应的MAC ID,否则处理过程继续到块930来处理下一MAC帧。在块925,如果存在相应MAC ID,那么处理过程继续到块940,来获得接入点提供的分配信息。否则,处理过程继续到块935,来检查n是否等于3。在块935,如果n等于3,则处理过程继续到块945,来初始化FCCH_MASK字段以表示所有FCCH子信道已经得到处理。如上所述,在一个实施例中,FCCH_0子信道结构中的FCCH_MASK字段包括三个比特,每一个都用于表示相应的更高速率FCCH子信道的存在/不存在。例如,FCCH_MASK字段的第一个比特(比特0或最低有效比特)用来表示子信道1的存在/不存在,FCCH_MASK字段的第二个比特(比特1或下一有效比特)用来表示子信道2的存在/不存在,等等。然后处理过程继续到块950,来确定是否仍存在任意要被解码的活动FCCH子信道。如果有更多活动子信道要被解码,则处理过程继续到块960,来增加n到下一活动FCCH子信道。否则处理过程继续到块955,来处理下一MAC帧。
可以通过各种方式实现在这里描述的MIMO WLAN系统和各种技术。例如,可以以硬件、软件或者其组合来实现接入点和用户终端处的处理。对于硬件实现,可以在一个或更多专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、数字信号处理器件(DSPD)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、处理器、控制器、微控制器、微处理器、其它设计为实现这里所描述的功能的电子单元、或者其组合内实现所述处理。
对于软件实现,可以以执行这里所描述的功能的模块(例如:程序、函数等)来实现所述处理。可以将软件代码存储在存储单元332、382x和382y中并且通过处理器来执行该软件代码。可以在处理器内部或者处理器外部实现存储单元,在处理器外部实现存储单元的情况下,可以通过现有技术中已知的各种方式将存储单元通信地耦合到处理器上。
这里包括的标题用于参考并且为定位特定部分提供帮助。这些标题并不是要限制在其后所描述的概念的范围,并且这些概念可以适用于整个说明书的其它部分中。
提供了已公开实施例的上述说明,以便使本领域的任何技术人员都能够实现或使用本发明。这些实施例的各种修改对本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的,并且在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,可以将这里定义的一般原理应用到其它实施例。因此,本发明并不是要被限制于这里所示的实施例,而是要符合与这里公开的原理和新颖特征相一致的最宽范围。
Claims (39)
1.一种在通信系统中处理信息的方法,包括:
将用来发送控制信息的控制信道划分成多个子信道,每一个子信道以特定数据率工作;
基于一个或更多选择标准,为一个或更多用户终端中的每一个,选择所述多个子信道中的一个,该一个子信道用来将控制信息从接入点发送至相应的用户终端;以及
在为特定用户终端选择的特定子信道上,将控制信息从所述接入点发送至相应的用户终端。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述控制信息是在数据帧中专门为所述控制信道分配的段中发送的。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,每一个子信道与特定操作参数集合相关联。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中,所述操作参数是从包括编码率、调制方案和信噪比(SNR)的组中选择出来的。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述多个子信道是按照从具有最低数据率的子信道到具有最高数据率的子信道的顺序依次发送的。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中,在所述多个子信道中首先发送的子信道包括表示其它子信道是否也在被发送的字段。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述字段包括多个比特,每一个比特对应于一个特定子信道,并被用来表示所述对应的子信道是否存在于被分配用于发送控制信息的段中。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述一个或更多选择标准是从包括以下标准的组中选择出来的:第一标准,其对应于与相应的用户终端相关联的链路质量;第二标准,其对应于与相应的终端相关联的服务质量需求;以及第三标准,其对应于由相应的终端指示的子信道优选。
9.一种在通信系统中处理信息的方法,包括:
将控制信道分成多个子信道,每一个子信道以特定数据率工作;
在所述多个子信道中基于一个或更多选择标准为用户终端选择的特定子信道上,将包括资源分配信息的控制信息从接入点发送至所述用户终端;以及
在所述用户终端,对所述多个子信道中的一个或更多子信道进行解码来获得为所述用户终端指定的控制信息。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中,解码包括:
执行解码过程来对所述一个或更多子信道进行解码,所述解码过程从以最低数据率工作的子信道开始,直到满足多个条件中的至少一个。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,进一步包括:
如果所述多个条件中有一个满足,则终止所述解码过程。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中,所述多个条件包括第一条件,其表示未能正确地对所述多个子信道中的一个进行解码。
13.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中,所述多个条件包括第二条件,其表示为所述用户终端指定的控制信息已经从所述多个子信道中的一个中获得。
14.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中,所述多个条件包括第三条件,其表示所有子信道都已经被处理。
15.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中,执行解码过程包括:
基于对应于子信道的质量量度,确定在相应的子信道上发送的信息是否已经被正确地接收。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中,所述质量量度包括循环冗余校验(CRC)。
17.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中,执行解码过程包括:
基于与所述用户终端相关联的标识符,确定为所述用户终端指定的控制信息是否存在于相应的子信道中。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中,所述标识符包括媒体接入控制(MAC)标识符。
19.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中,所述一个或更多选择标准是从包括以下标准的组中选择出来的:第一标准,其对应于相应的用户终端的工作状况;第二标准,其对应于与相应的终端相关联的服务质量需求;以及第三标准,其对应于由相应的终端指示的子信道优选。
20.一种在通信系统中处理信息的装置,包括:
划分模块,用于将用来发送控制信息的控制信道划分成多个子信道,每一个子信道以特定数据率工作;
选择模块,用于基于一个或更多选择标准,为一个或更多用户终端中的每一个,选择所述多个子信道中的一个,该一个子信道用来将控制信息从接入点发送至相应的用户终端;以及
发送模块,用于在为特定用户终端选择的特定子信道上,将控制信息从所述接入点发送至相应的用户终端。
21.如权利要求20所述的装置,其中,每一个子信道与特定操作参数集合相关联,所述操作参数包括编码率、调制方案和SNR。
22.如权利要求20所述的装置,其中,所述多个子信道是按照从具有最低数据率的子信道到具有最高数据率的子信道的顺序依次发送的。
23.如权利要求22所述的装置,其中,在所述多个子信道中首先发送的子信道包括表示其它子信道是否也在被发送的字段。
24.如权利要求20所述的装置,其中,所述一个或更多选择标准包括:第一标准,其对应于与相应的用户终端相关联的链路质量;第二标准,其对应于与相应的终端相关联的服务质量需求;以及第三标准,其对应于由相应的终端指示的子信道优选。
25.一种在通信系统中处理信息的装置,包括:
分隔模块,用于将控制信道分成多个子信道,每一个子信道以特定数据率工作;
发送模块,用于在所述多个子信道中基于一个或更多选择标准为用户终端选择的特定子信道上,将包括资源分配信息的控制信息从接入点发送至所述用户终端;以及
解码模块,用于在所述用户终端,对所述多个子信道中的一个或更多子信道进行解码来获得为所述用户终端指定的控制信息。
26.如权利要求25所述的装置,其中,解码模块包括:
用于执行解码过程来对所述一个或更多子信道进行解码的模块,所述解码过程从以最低数据率工作的子信道开始,直到满足多个条件中的至少一个。
27.如权利要求26所述的装置,其中,所述多个条件包括:第一条件,其表示未能正确地对所述多个子信道中的一个进行解码;第二条件,其表示为所述用户终端指定的控制信息已经从所述多个子信道中的一个中获得;以及第三条件,其表示所有子信道都已经被处理。
28.如权利要求25所述的装置,其中,解码模块包括:
用于基于对应于子信道的质量量度来确定在相应的子信道上发送的信息是否已经被正确地接收的模块;以及
用于基于与所述用户终端相关联的标识符来确定为所述用户终端指定的控制信息是否存在于相应的子信道中的模块。
29.如权利要求25所述的装置,其中,所述一个或更多选择标准包括:第一标准,其对应于相应的用户终端的工作状况;第二标准,其对应于与相应的终端相关联的服务质量需求;以及第三标准,其对应于由相应的终端指示的子信道优选。
30.一种在通信系统中处理信息的装置,包括:
控制器,用于基于一个或更多选择标准,选择多个控制子信道中的一个以便向用户终端发送控制信息,每一个子信道以特定数据率工作;以及
发射机,用于在为所述用户终端选择的子信道上发送为所述用户终端指定的所述控制信息。
31.如权利要求30所述的装置,其中,每一个子信道与特定操作参数集合相关联,所述操作参数包括控制信息被发送的数据率、编码率、调制方案和SNR。
32.如权利要求30所述的装置,其中,所述多个控制子信道是按照从具有最低数据率的子信道到具有最高数据率的子信道的顺序依次发送的。
33.如权利要求30所述的装置,其中,所述一个或更多选择标准包括:第一标准,其对应于与相应的用户终端相关联的链路质量;第二标准,其对应于与相应的终端相关联的服务质量需求;以及第三标准,其对应于由相应的终端指示的子信道优选。
34.一种在无线通信系统中处理信息的装置,包括:
接收机,用于在一个或更多控制子信道上接收信息,每一个控制子信道以特定数据率工作;以及
解码器,用于对所述一个或更多控制子信道进行解码,以获得为特定用户终端指定的控制信息,所述解码从以最低数据率工作的子信道开始,直到满足多个条件中的至少一个。
35.如权利要求34所述的装置,其中,所述多个条件包括:第一条件,其表示未能正确地对所述多个子信道中的一个进行解码;第二条件,其表示为所述用户终端指定的控制信息已经被从所述多个子信道中的一个中获得;以及第三条件,其表示所有子信道都已经被处理。
36.如权利要求34所述的装置,其中,所述解码器用于基于对应于子信道的质量量度,确定在相应的子信道上发送的信息是否已经被正确地接收,以及用于基于与所述用户终端相关联的标识符,确定为所述用户终端指定的控制信息是否存在于相应的子信道中。
37.一种在系统中处理信息的方法,包括:
在一个或更多控制子信道上接收信息,每一个控制子信道以特定数据率工作;以及
对所述一个或更多控制子信道进行解码,以获得为特定用户终端指定的控制信息,所述解码从以最低数据率工作的子信道开始,直到满足多个条件中的至少一个。
38.如权利要求37所述的方法,其中,所述多个条件包括:第一条件,其表示未能正确地对所述多个子信道中的一个进行解码;第二条件,其表示为所述用户终端指定的控制信息已经从所述多个子信道中的一个中获得;以及第三条件,其表示所有子信道都已经被处理。
39.如权利要求37所述的方法,其中,解码包括:
基于对应于子信道的质量量度,确定在相应的子信道上发送的信息是否已经被正确地接收;以及
基于与所述用户终端相关联的标识符,确定为所述用户终端指定的控制信息是否存在于相应的子信道中。
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