CN109313434A - 实验室样品分配系统和操作实验室样品分配系统的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
实验室样品分配系统(100)包括数个样品容器载体(140)、具有网络接口的中央控制器、以及数个运输模块(120)。每个运输模块(120)包括:运输表面(121),其中,运输模块(120)的运输表面(121)一起形成运输平面(110);可控驱动器件(122),其布置在所述运输表面(121)下方并且适于使样品容器载体(140)在运输表面(121)上移动;以及用于控制驱动器件(122)的控制单元(123)。所述控制单元(123)包括网络接口(124),其中,中央控制器和运输模块(120)的控制单元(123)借助于它们对应的网络接口(124)彼此连接,并且其中,每个控制单元(123)包括第一寻址端子(125)和第二寻址端子(126),其中,控制单元(123)的寻址端子(125、126)在菊链拓扑结构中彼此依次连接,其中,作为序列中的第一个控制单元(123)的控制单元(123)的第一寻址端子(125)连接到第一参考电势(GND),并且作为序列中的最后一个控制单元(123)的控制单元(123)的第二寻址端子(126)连接到第二参考电势(GND)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及实验室样品分配系统并且涉及操作实验室样品分配系统的方法。
背景技术
WO 2013/064656 A1公开了一种包括数个样品容器载体的实验室样品分配系统。所述系统还包括数个运输模块,其中,每个运输模块包括运输表面。所述运输模块的邻近于彼此布置的运输表面形成运输平面。所述系统还包括可控驱动器件,所述可控驱动器件布置在相应的运输模块的运输表面下方并且适于使样品容器载体在所述运输表面上移动。所述系统包括用于控制所述驱动器件的控制单元。
US 2015/0316974 A1公开了一种从属控制器,所述从属控制器包括阻抗元件和处理器,所述处理器配置成基于进入所述阻抗元件的电能的电值来生成从属控制器的标识(identifier)。
US 2010/0185841 A1公开了确定布置在菊链中的电气部件的地址。
US 2010/0185784 A1公开了用于通信总线的自动地址分配。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供实验室样品分配系统和操作可高度扩展且模块化的实验室样品分配系统的方法。
本发明借助于根据权利要求1的实验室样品分配系统并且借助于根据权利要求5的操作实验室样品分配系统的方法来实现该目的。
所述实验室样品分配系统包括数个(例如,2至2000个)样品容器载体,其适于承载样品容器,所述样品容器通常是包括医学样品的样品管。
所述实验室样品分配系统还包括具有网络接口的中央控制器。所述中央控制器可例如以个人计算机的形式被并入。
所述网络接口适于联接到网络并且例如包括两个网络终端,其中,两个电总线可连接到所述网络终端。
所述实验室样品分配系统还包括数个(例如2至500个)运输模块。
每个运输模块包括平面运输表面。所述运输模块的邻近于彼此布置的运输表面形成用于样品容器载体的运输平面。
每个运输模块还包括可控驱动器件。所述驱动器件布置在相应的运输模块的运输表面下方。所述驱动器件例如生成时间和位置相关的磁场,以适于使样品容器载体在运输表面上移动。磁场可以与作为所述样品容器载体的一部分的磁致激活元件(例如永磁体)相互作用。
每个运输模块还包括用于控制所述驱动器件的控制单元。所述控制单元可以例如具体实施为微控制器。所述控制单元包括网络接口,所述网络接口例如包括微控制器的网络终端。
所述运输模块的中央控制器和控制单元借助于它们对应的网络接口彼此连接。网络接口可以例如借助于电线而被电联接以实现中央控制器与控制单元之间的数据通信。中央控制器和控制单元可以借助于现场总线(field bus)彼此连接。进一步参考有关现场总线的相关技术文献。
每个控制单元包括第一寻址端子和第二寻址端子,所述第一寻址端子和第二寻址端子例如具体实施为微控制器的端口。
相应的控制单元的第一寻址端子和第二寻址端子能够配置为输入端子或输出端子。相应的控制单元的第一寻址端子和第二寻址端子可以例如具体实施为所谓的一般用途输入/输出(GPIO),即集成电路上的通用引脚,其行为包括不论它是输入引脚还是输出引脚都在运行时间时是可控的。如果配置为输出,则寻址端子可以作为集电极开路(opencollector)端子或漏极开路(open drain)端子来操作。
控制单元的寻址端子以菊链拓扑结构彼此依次连接。菊链拓扑结构是其中多个设备按顺序(或以环的方式,不根据本发明来具体实施)用电线连接到一起的布线图。根据本发明,作为菊链序列中的第一个控制单元的控制单元的第一寻址端子连接到第一参考电势,例如接地GND。作为菊链序列中的第一个控制单元的控制单元的第二寻址端子连接到作为菊链序列中的第二个控制单元的控制单元的第一端子。作为菊链序列中的第二个控制单元的控制单元的第二寻址端子连接到作为菊链序列中的第三个控制单元的控制单元的第一端子,并且依次类推。最后,作为所述序列中的最后一个控制单元的控制单元的第二寻址端子连接到第二参考电势。
所述第一参考电势和所述第二参考电势可以相同,例如,为接地电势。
中央控制器的网络接口和控制单元的网络接口可以具体实施为RS485网络接口。进一步参考关于RS485标准的相关技术文献。
操作所述实验室样品分配系统的方法包括如下步骤。
首先,将相应的控制单元的第一寻址端子和第二寻址端子分别配置为输入端子。
然后,读取相应的控制单元的第一寻址端子和第二寻址端子的状态。
将第一地址分配到在其第一寻址端子处具有预定初始状态(逻辑状态)的控制单元,所述预定初始状态例如是逻辑状态0。
在无错误操作的情况下,作为序列中的第一个控制单元的控制单元的第一寻址端子连接到第一参考电势,其中,所述第一参考电势对应于预定初始状态。其余的控制单元的相应的第一寻址端子具有与第一参考电势不同的电势。为了该目的,可以在菊链拓扑结构内的相应的第一寻址端子与第二寻址端子之间的每个连接部处提供上拉电阻器或下拉电阻器,从而确保在第一寻址端子和第二寻址端子被配置为输入的情况下呈现所限定的电势。最后,只有序列中的第一个控制单元在其第一寻址端子处读取预定初始状态,其中,其余的控制单元在它们对应的第一寻址端子处读取另一状态或相反的状态。因此,该行为可被用于将第一地址分配到菊链中的第一个控制单元。
然后,控制单元的具有第一地址的第二寻址端子被配置为输出端子并且预定电势在控制单元的具有第一地址的第二寻址端子处被输出。在所述第二寻址端子处的预定电势输出可以与第一参考电势(例如,GND)相同。通常地,当所述第二寻址端子被配置为输入时,第二寻址端子处的电势借助于上拉电阻器或下拉电阻器而保持恒定。当第二寻址端子被配置为输出并且预定电势在第二寻址端子处被输出时,电势变化至预定电势。如果例如使用了上拉电阻器,则电势从供应电压改变至GND。
这导致菊链中的第二个控制单元在其第一寻址端子处检测到状态的变化并且相继地第二地址被分配到第二个控制单元。
针对在序列中位于具有第二地址的控制单元后面的控制单元重复这些步骤,直到到达所述链中的最后一个控制单元。
可基于如下事实来确定最后一个控制单元:其第二寻址端子处的电势在寻址序列开始时为第二参考电势。
不言而喻地,上述步骤可被逆转,从而在寻址序列开始时将第一地址分配到在其第二寻址端子处具有第二参考电势的控制单元。
附图说明
现将参考附图具体描述本发明。在附图中,
图1示意性地示出了根据本发明的实验室样品分配系统,所述实验室样品分配系统具有数个运输模块,以及
图2示意性地示出了连接在图1中示出的实验室样品分配系统的多个控制单元和中央控制器的布线图。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出了实验室样品分配系统100。实验室样品分配系统100包括被可移动地布置在运输平面110上的数个样品容器载体140。运输平面110由邻近于彼此布置的4个运输表面121形成,其中,运输表面121是4个运输模块120的一部分。
每个运输模块120还包括呈电磁体形式的可控驱动器件122,可控驱动器件122在运输表面121下面以行和列的方式布置并且适于在运输表面121上移动样品容器载体140。为了解释的目的,仅描绘了单个驱动器件122。
样品容器载体140包括永磁体(未示出),永磁体与借助于电磁体122生成的磁场相互作用,使得期望的磁驱动力被施加到样品容器载体140。关于运输模块的驱动器件122和基本机械布置,还参考WO 2013/064656 A1的公开内容。
每个运输模块120包括用于控制驱动器件122的控制单元123。
现参考图2,实验室样品分配系统100包括呈个人计算机形式的中央控制器150,其具有RS485网络接口151。
控制单元123_1至123_n分别包括具有两个连接件的RS485网络接口124,其中,中央控制器150和运输模块120的控制单元123_1至123_n分别借助于它们对应的网络接口151、124彼此连接。为了该目的,网络接口151、124借助于两个电气总线127而被常规地电连接。
每个控制单元123_1至123_n包括第一寻址端子125和第二寻址端子126,其中,控制单元123_1至123_n的寻址端子125、126如所描绘的那样以菊链拓扑结构(topology)彼此依次电连接。
在序列中为第一个的控制单元123_1的第一寻址端子125连接到参考电势,也就是GND。在序列中为最后一个控制单元123_n的第二寻址端子126也连接到参考电势GND,例如借助于端接器元件来连接。
控制单元123_1至123_n的相应的第一寻址端子125和相应的第二寻址端子126可被配置为输入端子或输出端子。
相应的第一寻址端子125和第二寻址端子126之间的每个电连接借助于包括在每个控制单元123_1至123_n中的对应的上拉电阻器128而被电上拉至供应电压VDD。寻址端子125和126可被配置为漏极开路输出或集电极开路输出,使得端子可以将输出处的电势拉至GND或者可以具有高阻抗状态,使得电势被上拉至VDD。
可以例如借助于在每个端部处具有连接件的连接线缆(例如,8P8C连接件)来具体实施控制单元123_1至123_n之间的电气布线。控制单元可以借助于两个连接线缆连接到它们相邻的控制单元,一个连接线缆连接到左边相邻的控制单元,并且一个连接线缆连接到右边相邻的控制单元。用于将控制单元123_1连接到中央控制器150的连接线缆可以与其余的连接线缆不同,并且可以将第一寻址端子125电连接到GND。
用于借助于网络接口(即RS485网络)通信的控制单元123_1至123_n的网络地址按照如下进行分配。
在开始时,例如,在重启实验室样品分配系统100之后,控制单元123的相应的第一寻址端子125和相应的第二寻址端子126被配置为输入端子。
控制单元123_1至123_n分别读取它们的第一寻址端子125的状态和第二寻址端子126的状态。
控制单元123_1的第一寻址端子125读取对应于GND的状态,即预定初始状态。其余控制单元123_2至123_n的第一寻址端子125读取对应于VDD的不同状态,即,非预定初始状态。
因此,第一地址被分配给控制单元123_1。
随后,控制单元123_1将其第二寻址端子126配置为输出端子并且将输出拉至GND。
因此,控制单元123_2检测在其第一寻址端子126处的状态变化,使得第二地址可被分配给控制单元123_2。
随后,控制单元123_2将其第二寻址端子126配置为输出端子并且将输出拉至GND。
因此,控制单元123_2随后的控制单元检测到其第一寻址端子125处的状态变化,使得第三地址可被分配给该控制单元。
重复这些步骤直到地址n被分配到最后一个控制单元123_n。
通过如下事实来识别最后一个控制单元123_n:其第二寻址端子126持续地读取预定初始状态。
不言而喻地,可以将地址分配计划从“从左到右”逆转到“从右到左”,使得第一地址被分配到最后一个控制单元123_n,并以此类推。
在存在错误的情况下,例如,因为控制模块是有缺陷的、布线是有缺陷的等,地址可以例如开始从一侧分配直到在给定的方向上没有另外的地址可被分配。如果检测到这样的错误,则其他的地址可以从另一方向相继地被分配。
在地址已经被分配到控制单元123_1至123_n之后,中央控制器150可以例如将命令传输到控制单元123_1至123_n。
Claims (5)
1.一种实验室样品分配系统(100),包括:
- 数个样品容器载体(140),
- 中央控制器(150),以及
- 数个运输模块(120),其中,每个运输模块(120)包括:
- 运输表面(121),其中,所述运输模块(120)的运输表面(121)一起形成运输平面(110),以及
- 可控驱动器件(122),所述可控驱动器件(122)布置在所述运输表面(121)下方并且适于使样品容器载体(140)在所述运输表面(121)上移动,
其特征在于,
- 所述中央控制器(150)包括网络接口(151),并且
- 每个运输模块(120)包括:
- 用于控制所述驱动器件(122)的控制单元(123),
- 其中,所述控制单元(123)包括网络接口(124),其中,所述中央控制器(150)和所述运输模块(120)的控制单元(123)借助于它们对应的网络接口(151、124)彼此连接,并且
- 其中,所述控制单元(123)包括第一寻址端子(125)和第二寻址端子(126),
- 其中,所述控制单元(123)的寻址端子(125,126)以菊链拓扑结构彼此依次连接,
- 其中,作为序列中的第一个控制单元(123)的控制单元(123)的第一寻址端子(125)连接到第一参考电势(GND)并且作为序列中的最后一个控制单元(123)的控制单元(123)的第二寻址端子(126)连接到第二参考电势(GND),并且
- 其中,所述控制单元(123)的第一寻址端子(125)和第二寻址端子(126)能够被配置为输入端子或输出端子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的实验室样品分配系统(100),其特征在于,所述第一参考电势和所述第二参考电势相同。
3.根据权利要求2所述的实验室样品分配系统(100),其特征在于,所述第一参考电势和所述第二参考电势是接地电势。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的实验室样品分配系统(100),其特征在于,所述中央控制器(151)的网络接口(151)和所述控制单元(123)的网络接口(124)是RS485网络接口。
5.一种操作根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的实验室样品分配系统(100)的方法,其特征在于如下步骤:
- 将所述控制单元(123)的第一寻址端子(125)和第二寻址端子(126)配置为输入端子,
- 读取所述控制单元(123)的第一寻址端子(125)的状态和第二寻址端子(126)的状态,
- 将第一地址分配到在其第一寻址端子(125)处具有预定初始状态的控制单元(123),
- 将具有所述第一地址的控制单元(123)的第二寻址端子(126)配置为输出端子,
- 在具有所述第一地址的控制单元(123)的第二寻址端子(126)处输出预定电势,
- 将第二地址分配到检测到在其第一寻址端子(125)处的状态变化的控制单元(123),以及
- 针对在序列中位于具有所述第二地址的控制单元(123)后面的控制单元(123)重复所述步骤。
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EP3255519B1 (en) | 2019-02-20 |
JP6944471B2 (ja) | 2021-10-06 |
EP3255519A1 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
CN109313434B (zh) | 2021-05-18 |
EP3469432A1 (en) | 2019-04-17 |
WO2017211734A1 (en) | 2017-12-14 |
JP2019518953A (ja) | 2019-07-04 |
US20190094252A1 (en) | 2019-03-28 |
US10989726B2 (en) | 2021-04-27 |
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